CN108918682A - Entrenched valley Slope Rock Mass natural crustal stress indoor test analysis method now - Google Patents
Entrenched valley Slope Rock Mass natural crustal stress indoor test analysis method now Download PDFInfo
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
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Abstract
本发明公开一种深切河谷斜坡岩体现今天然地应力室内测试分析方法，通过现场取得的六个方向的岩样，进行室内试验，测试得到六个方向试样声学特征参数，记忆的地质历史中所受多个压应力值，进行逐一组合并利用弹性力学理论与方法，计算该最大主方向范围内的最大主应力值和最大主应力方向，以及中间主应力及其方向和最小主应力值及其方向，实现确定岩体现今地应力三个主应力值及其方向的目的。
The invention discloses an indoor test and analysis method for deep-cut river valley slope rock embodying today's natural stress. The indoor test is carried out through rock samples in six directions obtained on site, and the acoustic characteristic parameters of the samples in six directions are obtained through the test. Combine multiple compressive stress values one by one and use the theory and method of elastic mechanics to calculate the maximum principal stress value and maximum principal stress direction within the maximum principal direction range, as well as the intermediate principal stress and its direction and the minimum principal stress value and Its direction realizes the purpose of determining the three principal stress values and directions of the present in-situ stress of the rock body.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to rock mass stress field, in particular to a kind of rock mass suffered ground stress analysis technology now.
Background technique
Highway and railway tunnel are built in mountain area valley slope area, or build underground workshop or water-conveyance tunnel,
It needs to draw in original closely knit massif and digs out part rock mass, form the underground space (cave) of different shape and spatial；It opens
The segment space formed in the underground space or digging process after the completion of digging often occurs super if not giving support reinforcement
Limit deformation, or even collapse.Whether the underground space, which finally will appear to transfinite, deformation or collapses, and how are the form that collapses and scale,
In addition to having outside the Pass with the rock body types and integrated degree for constituting massif, also with excavate space and its a certain range of slope of surrounding
The original crustal stress states of rock mass are closely related.Judge whether stable after Underground Space Excavation is formed, possible instability forms and rule
Mould takes which kind of scheme and parameter to carry out support reinforcement, must be known by the crustal stress size under the rock mass natural endowment of place in advance
And its principal direction of stress.
The natural crustal stress states of place Slope Rock Mass are built in understanding, and currently used method is carried out in place exemplary position
On-the-spot test, or exemplary position sampling is transported laboratory back and is tested at the scene；It is analyzed on the basis of test data and determines field
Ground slope crustal stress states, in this, as one of the foundation of engineering design and construction.On-the-spot test method has drilling hole stress releasing
Method (being divided into aperture deforming method and hole wall Strain Method), stress restoration and hydraulic fracturing.When these methods can consume a large amount of
Between and expense, the precision of test result influenced by numerous inevitable or accidental factor, reliability is sometimes poor.Last century
Eight, the nineties, people are directed to during rock compressive deformation, the maximum stress that acoustical characteristic parameters had once received it
Value has " Memorability ", i.e. memory effect, starts to fetch rock sample into laboratory, and sample preparation carries out acoustical characteristic parameters test,
It calculates accordingly and determines the natural crustal stress situation of place Slope Rock Mass, here it is crustal stress room acoustics test methods.This method can
A large amount of time and expense are saved, hydraulic and hydroelectric engineering construction, the construction of highway and railway tunnel, petroleum day are widely used to
In the fields such as right gas exploration and exploitation.With the raising of test equipment precision and the accumulation of a large amount of test datas, it has been found that rock
Rock acoustical characteristic parameters during stone compressive deformation, with suffered value of compressive stress had " Memorability " for several times to the past.Also
It is multiple, these crustal stress values of saying that the crustal stress value measured using indoor rock sample acoustical characteristic parameters test method may have
Mean rock suffered multiple tectonism leaves during earth history " trace ".But have between them how
Corresponding relationship, do not form unified understanding or conclusion so far, the scholar having in the past thinks using rock acoustical characteristic parameters
Test method, determining stress are the maximum crustal stress that rock has been received in history, and some scholars are then considered rock institute now
The crustal stress received, and have certain tectonism stress of scholar being considered during earth history, this problem hinders
The development and application of rock mass crustal stress room acoustics test method.In order to play the test of rock mass crustal stress room acoustics characteristic parameter
The advantage of method, it is more reliable, more effective and this method is broadly applied to engineering construction, solve rock acoustical characteristic parameters
Test data, which is arranged, becomes the task of top priority with the above-mentioned technical problem in interpretation.
Currently, rock sample acoustical testing in rock mass crustal stress room is to utilize rock in the loaded deformation of uniaxial compression,
Acoustical characteristic parameters to " Memorability " of its stress history, it should be understood that crustal stress engineering construction place, obtain with the earth
Coordinate is positioning and the orientation engineering ground rock galley proof of reference coordinate, and the direction of geodetic coordinates is marked on galley proof.Galley proof fortune
After going back to interior, cuboid sample is produced in x, y, z, x45 ° of y, y45 ° of z and z45 ° of x six direction respectively.Examination to six direction
Sample is tested, to calculate determining rock while carrying out uniaxial compression deformation test with regard to its acoustical characteristic parameters " memory point "
The stress intensity that stone had once been received in respective direction recycles in theory of elastic mechanics, any infinitesimal body stress under preferred coordinates
The method that component calculates principal stress and principal direction calculates principal stress size and the master for determining field test point and its neighbouring crustal stress
Direction.According to theory of elastic mechanics and method, only one stress historical trace acoustics point of each direction sample in six direction,
Then crustal stress only has unique one group of principal stress and principal direction；It is found according to test, it is complete on six direction under cartesian coordinate
Portion's sample, or the sample at least on some direction usually have more than one stress historical trace point, and crustal stress just has more
Principal stress and principal direction in one group, then how right between these principal stresses and its principal direction and geological structure phase time
It answers.Slope vital for engineering construction, how natively stress intensity and its principal direction, survey from multiple groups crustal stress now
It " is found out " in examination data, it has also become rock mass crustal stress room acoustics characteristic parameter test data method for sorting, now day
Right detecting earth stress work urgent need to solve the problem.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention proposes that a kind of entrenched valley Slope Rock Mass is surveyed in natural crustal stress room now
Analysis method is tried, using the acoustic feature event in rock sample indoors compression deformation test, with regard to its stress historical trace
Monitoring and test data, in conjunction with place geological structure trace and geomechanics comprehensive analysis, determine the strongly grand liter of geological structure with
River rapidly incision area, now natively stress intensity and its principal direction.
The technical solution adopted by the present invention is：Entrenched valley Slope Rock Mass natural crustal stress indoor test analysis side now
Method includes the following steps：
S1, it is tested respectively by the rock mass sample to x, y, z, x45 ° of y, y45 ° of z and z45 ° of x six direction, and
Record the corresponding rock mass sample acoustic feature event of all directions and compression, the relation data of time；
S2, the corresponding rock mass sample acoustic feature event of a direction and compression, the relationship number of time according to record
According to, obtain the corresponding sound emission number of the direction add up logarithm-time graph, sound emission frequency-time histogram and pressure answer
Force-time curve；
S3, logarithmic curve and compression-time graph are added up according to the corresponding sound emission number of a direction, determines the party
To the value of compressive stress of rock acoustical characteristic parameters memory effect point；
S4, obtained according to step S3 x, y, z, x45 ° of y, y45 ° of z and z45 ° of x six direction sample acoustic feature ginseng
The value of compressive stress of number memory effect point, and compression standard value statistical analysis is carried out to the sample in each direction, obtain six sides
To the standard value of multiple memory effect point compression；
S5, the rock mass crustal stress biggest principal stress direction range for determining sample point；
S6, sampling place rock mass crustal stress maximum principal stress inclination angle range is determined；
S7, the standard value for the multiple memory effect point compression of six direction that step S4 is obtained is combined, and according to
Elasticity calculates each combination by the principal stress size and principal direction of stress at azimuth and inclination angle expression；
Then six components of stress of each combination are substituted into Elasticity to the public affairs for calculating principal stress and principal direction of stress
Formula calculates separately it by the principal stress size and principal direction of stress at azimuth and inclination angle expression；
S8, according to step S5 determine sample point rock mass crustal stress biggest principal stress direction range and step S6 it is true
The rock mass crustal stress maximum principal stress inclination angle range of fixed sample point, each combination obtained to step S7 is by azimuth and inclination angle
The principal stress size and principal direction of stress of expression are screened；
If the selection result group number is greater than one group, to divide closest to the principal stress value and principal direction of stress of standard intermediate value
Principal stress magnitude and principal direction of stress not as the natural crustal stress now of rock mass at engineering ground sample point；Otherwise to filter out
This group of principal stress size and principal direction of stress are answered respectively as the master of the natural crustal stress now of rock mass at engineering ground sample point
Force and principal direction of stress.
Further, step S3 is specially：It crosses sound emission number and adds up multiple jumping starting points on logarithmic curve, do and indulge
The parallel vertical line of reference axis and compression~time graph obtain multiple intersection points, do in point of intersection parallel with abscissa time shaft
Horizontal line, the intersection point of the parallel lines compression reference axis is the value of compressive stress of rock acoustical characteristic parameters memory effect point.
Further, the geotechnic stress maximum main force direction scope in site area described in step S5, specially：Perpendicular to
In the river exploratory cross section in river direction, if riverbed basal surfaces minimum point to the inclination angle of sample point line less than 0, this takes
The rock mass crustal stress biggest principal stress direction range of sampling point is identical as geotechnic stress maximum main force's direction scope in site area；It is no
Then the rock mass crustal stress biggest principal stress direction range computation formula of the sample point is：
Wherein, β0Indicate the median of the rock mass crustal stress maximum principal direction range of sample point, β1It indicates within the scope of journey place
The median of geotechnic stress biggest principal stress direction, β2Indicate sampling place location river direction orientation nearby, α1It indicates hanging down
Directly in the river exploratory cross section in river direction, riverbed basal surfaces minimum point to the inclination angle of sample point line；Δβ1Indicate β1
Variation range.
Further, step S6 is specially：Specially：In the river exploratory cross section perpendicular to river direction, if river
Bed basal surfaces minimum point to the inclination angle of sample point line less than 0, then the rock mass crustal stress maximum principal stress inclination angle of the sample point
Range computation formula is：
Wherein, α0Indicate the median at the rock mass crustal stress maximum principal stress inclination angle of sample point；Δα0Indicate α0Variation model
It encloses；
Otherwise the rock mass crustal stress maximum principal stress inclination angle range computation formula of the sample point is：
Beneficial effects of the present invention：By indoor orientation rock sample, test obtains six direction sample acoustical characteristic parameters, remembers
Suffered multiple value of compressive stress in the earth history recalled carry out group one by one and merge using theory of elastic mechanics and method, calculate this most
Maximum principal stress value and maximum principal direction and intermediate principal stress and its direction and minimum principal stress value within the scope of big principal direction
And its direction, realize the purpose for determining three principal stress values of rock mass present daygeodynamics and its direction.It can as large-sized rock mass engineering
The foundation and reference that row demonstration, conceptual design and structure design and construction technology determine.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the rock galley proof schematic diagram that place scene obtains；
Fig. 2 is to cut sample direction schematic diagram in x0y plane；
Fig. 3 is to cut sample direction schematic diagram in y0z plane；
Fig. 4 is to cut sample direction schematic diagram in x0z plane；
Fig. 5 is that 6 in geodetic coordinates cut sample direction schematic diagram；
Fig. 6 is the sample schematic diagram worn into；
Fig. 7 is the sample schematic diagram in test；
Fig. 8 is that sound emission number adds up logarithm and stress time curve schematic diagram；
Fig. 9 is sound emission frequency and stress-time histrogram；
Figure 10 is that sound emission number adds up logarithm and stress time curve and acoustic emission parameters memory point stress determines signal
Figure；
Figure 11 is geotechnic stress maximum principal direction range schematic diagram；
Figure 12 is a-a ' section, rapidly incised valley and sample position schematic diagram；
Figure 13 is power station site provided in an embodiment of the present invention traffic and position view；
Figure 14 is factory site area provided in an embodiment of the present invention plane and sample position schematic diagram；
Figure 15 is sample point position profile figure provided in an embodiment of the present invention；
Figure 16 is sample preparation direction schematic diagram provided in an embodiment of the present invention；
Figure 17 is sound emission frequency-time histogram provided in an embodiment of the present invention；
Figure 18 is that sound emission number provided in an embodiment of the present invention adds up logarithm-time graph and compression-time is bent
Line.
Specific embodiment
For convenient for those skilled in the art understand that technology contents of the invention, with reference to the accompanying drawing to the content of present invention into one
Step is illustrated.
The technical solution adopted by the present invention is：Entrenched valley Slope Rock Mass natural crustal stress indoor test analysis side now
Method, based in the loaded deformation of rock acoustic emission phenomenon and acoustic emission parameters to the Memorability of its loaded history, pass through indoor rock
Stone sample testing, comprehensive utilization sampling place geological structure person's movements and expression and its relationship and river valley orographic condition with river valley trend,
Determine rock mass natural crustal stress states now.The technology used in the present embodiment is belonged to below and is explained：
1, it determines rock mass natively strain method now, has been suitable for geological structure since the Recent Epoch (before about 12000)
The active and strongly grand liter of the earth's crust, the test and analysis of river rapidly incision area river valley rock mass natural crustal stress now determine.
2, geological structure is active since the Recent Epoch and the strong grand liter of the earth's crust is regional, and crustal uplift is flat since referring to 12000
Equal rate is more than or equal to the area of 2cm/a；Sharply incision area refers to that fluvial facies are not less than incision Mean Speed in river
The area of 1.5cm/a.
3, entrenched valley rock mass refers to a certain range of Slope Rock Mass in river two sides, and river valley bank slope mean inclination is greater than
30 °, the direct vertical height in riverbed to slope edge is greater than the river valley of 100m.
4, rock galley proof refers to that the shape that chisel takes or drills through at the scene is substantial polygonal body or cylinder, and geometric scale is greater than
Test the rock block of small sample.
5, rock mass natural crustal stress now, refers to that geological structure and terrestrial gravitation act on the construction generated in rock mass
The general name of stress and weight stress is the present not stress under the influence of by Human dried bloodstains, was once held in earth history
The stress received.
6, the natural crustal stress states of rock mass refer to the principal stress magnitude size under the influence of no Human dried bloodstains in rock mass
And its direction (being also principal direction) in Descartes's geodetic coordinates；There are three principal stresses and its principal direction, i.e. maximum principal stress
With maximum principal direction, intermediate principal stress and intermediate principal direction, minimum principal stress and minimum principal direction.
7, rock indoor acoustic feature refers to that the rock compressed masterpiece used time is in prerupture deformation process in laboratory
In, internal microfissure extends the phenomenon that becoming larger or rupture the faint sound issued and characteristic.
8, ACOUSTIC EMISSION CHARACTERISTICS OF ROCKS parameter refers to acoustic events (single acoustic phenomenon) number generated in rock deformation
It is accumulative to add up with what acoustie emission event released energy.
9, Acoustic Emission of Rock rate (frequency) and energy release rate refer to Acoustic Emission of Rock event times and rock in the unit time
The energy of stone sound emission release.
10, Acoustic Emission of Rock parameter had once received the memory effect of stress intensity to it, refer to when rock certain direction by
The compression stress arrived reaches it once in the equidirectional stress received, and acoustic emission parameters just have response, i.e. acoustic emission rate etc.
Parameter has the phenomenon that unexpected increase, it appears that it, once suffered stress history had the acoustic emission phenomenon in the loaded deformation process of rock
There is Memorability.
11, geological structure trace (being also person's movements and expression) refers to the rock stratum under geological structure stress and rock mass, generates change
Shape, fracture and sliding inside it or the trace that leaves of surface, are such as deformed fold, tomography, joint and scratch, can be pushed away with this
The general direction of disconnected geological structure principal stress.
12, large-sized rock mass engineering refers to the excavation off-load that will carry out the big scale of construction in engineering construction to rock mass, as repaired in river valley
The dam abutment slot high cut slope excavation carried out before dam and Underground powerhouse excavation, Long Traffic Tunnels and headrace tunnel excavation are built, or
Rock mass is largely loaded, such as the tall and big dam built in river valley, reservoir water storage or spoir landfill etc., hence it is evident that change rock
Original crustal stress states in body, and with rock mass in relation to large-scale civil engineering.
The present invention is specifically included firstly the need of the preparation process for carrying out indoor rock sample test：
(1) live galley proof is produced
According to large-sized rock mass engineering ground position is built, the more complete section of rock mass is selected, determines it using handhold GPS
Its direct north is indicated using circumferentor on earth's surface (or in exploratory heading) rock for preparing sampling, as shown in figure 1 N institute in position
The direction shown.Preparing to obtain slotting around galley proof, and is indicating vertical direction on the galley proof after slotting, V institute as shown in figure 1
The direction shown.Using the common tool of stonemason, the galley proof of acquirement is removed into parent rock, the galley proof of acquirement is subjected to enlacement packaging and is transported back
It is indoor.Convenient with indoor sample preparation in order to carry, galley proof size is with (10~30) × (10~30) × (10~30) cm3It is advisable, takes
The galley proof obtained is as shown in Figure 1.
(2) indoor rock sample is produced
In laboratory, geodetic coordinates is established on galley proof, direct north N is designated as y-axis；Due east direction is (as shown in figure 1 shown in E
Direction) be x-axis；Upward direction is z-axis, as the negative direction of V, and the geodetic coordinates that the present embodiment is established is as shown in Figure 1.Root
According to the geodetic coordinates established on galley proof, respectively along x0y, y0z and z0x plane, cut in laboratory using sample preparation cutting machine
Rock beam out, rock beam cut sample rock beam as shown in Fig. 2, cutting sample rock in y0z plane with a thickness of in (2.5~3.0) cm, x0y plane
Plate as shown in figure 3, in x0z plane to cut sample rock beam as shown in Figure 4；Under x0y, y0z and z0x coordinate condition of rock beam, along x, y
And z and x45 ° of y, y45 ° of z and z45 ° of x six direction are cut into approximate cuboid small specimen, are illustrated in figure 5 six and cut
Sample prescription is to the relationship in geodetic coordinates.The small specimen that cutting is formed is ground, the cuboid sample of standard, ruler are milled into
Very little is 2.5 × 2.5 × 7.5cm3.The depth of parallelism and verticality between six faces and 12 seamed edges of sample meet rock test rule
Journey related request.To minimize random error caused by rock sample micro-structure face and test job, six direction respectively grinds 3~
6 identical samples, and number protection one by one is carried out to sample, the sample being milled into is as shown in Figure 6.
(3) sample and test device installation
As shown in fig. 7,2 acoustic events are connect using vaseline or butter couplant and fixed spring or elastic rubber belt
It receives device and is 6. separately mounted to the sample being milled into 1. middle part contralateral sides, be placed in high-precision servo control rock mechanics experiment machine
Lower platen 3. on, sample upper ends testing machine top board 2., make upper and lower pressing plate and sample and testing machine centering；It connects
The electrical tracks of oil circuit and deformation-sensor 5. of pressure sensor table 4. are to controller and logger.
After completing the above preparation process, technical solution of the present invention specifically includes following steps：
S1, rock sample deformation and acoustical characteristic parameters experimental test
Connect various hydraulic and electric signal measurement circuit, and to testing machine and control and test equipment debugging it is normal after,
At the uniform velocity load is carried out to sample according to the loading speed (0.2~0.8MPa/s) of related specification requirement to compress, and is persistently remembered at any time
Record sample acoustic feature event and frequency (compression)-time relation data；
S2, rock mass sample acoustic feature event and compression, the relation data of time according to step S1 record, by testing
Recording equipment is depicted as curve real-time display automatically, obtains sound emission number as shown in Figure 8 and adds up logarithm-time graph 7., such as
The histogram of sound emission frequency-time shown in Fig. 9 8. and compression-time graph as shown in Figure 8 and Figure 9 9..
S3, sound emission number excessively as shown in Figure 10 add up logarithm-time graph and 7. go forward multiple jumping starting point A, B and C
Point does the vertical line and compression-time graph parallel with axis of ordinates and 9. meets at A ', B ' and C ' point respectively, crosses A ', B ' and C '
Point does the horizontal line and compression reference axis parallel with abscissa time shaft and meets at A ", B " and C " point.A ", B " and C " point are corresponding
Value of compressive stress is the value of compressive stress of rock acoustical characteristic parameters memory effect point.
S4, above-mentioned x, y and z and x45 ° of y, y45 ° of z and z45 ° of x six direction cutting and the sample ground are distinguished
Experimental test is carried out, the value of compressive stress σ of the acoustical characteristic parameters memory effect point of 6 direction samples is obtained according to step S3ijk；
Each sample crustal stress standard value statistical analysis is carried out according to statistical method k corresponding to each direction test specimen, obtains 6
The standard value σ of the multiple memory effect point compression in directioni'j(i=1,2,3,4,5,6；J=1,2, ┅, mi)。
Wherein, i represents 6 and cuts sample prescription to i-th of direction, i=1, and 2,3,4,5,6；J represent cut for i-th sample prescription to jth
A test specimen, j=1,2,3 ... ..., n, n represent the test specimen number in the same direction, and six direction respectively grinds 3~6 in the present embodiment
Identical sample, then j value is 3~6 in the present embodiment；K represent cut for i-th sample prescription to j-th of test specimen k-th of acoustics it is special
Levy parameters memorizing effect point, k=1,2 ... ..., mi, miThe same sample acoustical characteristic parameters memory points are represented, often take 1~3
It is a.
S5, sampling place rock mass crustal stress biggest principal stress direction range determine
In the river exploratory cross section shown in Figure 12 (perpendicular to river direction), schemed with riverbed basal surfaces minimum point
C point in 12 is horizontal line ca and cb to two sides；The inclination angle of c point and sample point A (or sample point B, C and E point) line is α1(-
90°≤α190 ° of <)：
1) (i.e. α under the ca and cb when sample point in Figure 121< 0) when, the rock mass crustal stress maximum master of sample point answers
Power direction scope β0±Δβ0For：β0±Δβ0=(β1±Δβ1), i.e. the geotechnic stress biggest principal stress direction with site area
It is identical, see Figure 11.
2) (i.e. α on the ca and cb when sample point in Figure 121>=0) when, the rock mass crustal stress maximum master of sample point is answered
Power direction scope β0±Δβ0It is calculated by levoform：
Sampling field structure crustal stress biggest principal stress direction range determination process in the present invention is as follows：
It is analyzed according to engineering ground region Neotectonic Fault active characteristics and structural deformation person's movements and expression, utilizes traditional structure
Geomechanics principles analysis method is made, determines the range of recent structure crustal stress biggest principal stress direction near place.Such as Figure 11
In D point and D ' point, with D point and D ' point geotechnic stress action direction do extended line, compared to 0 point, line 0D0For angle of cut D0D '
Angular bisector, the bearing range for obtaining geotechnic stress biggest principal stress direction within the scope of engineering ground is (β1-Δβ1)~
(β1+Δβ1), wherein 0 °≤β1±Δβ1180 ° of <；Determine that location river direction orientation is β near sampling place according to topographic map2
(0°≤β2180 ° of <).
S6, sampling place rock mass crustal stress maximum principal stress inclination angle range determine
1) (i.e. α under the ca and cb when sample point in Figure 121< 0) when, the rock mass crustal stress maximum master of sample point answers
Power inclination angle range α0±Δα0It is calculated by levoform：See Figure 11 and Figure 12.
2) (i.e. α on the ca and cb when sample point in Figure 121>=0) when, the crustal stress maximum principal stress of sample point is inclined
Angular region is calculated by levoform：See Figure 11 and Figure 12.
S7, multiple maximum principal stresses and its principal direction calculate
The σ that (5) step is obtainedi'j(i=1,2,3,4,5,6；J=1,2, ┅, mi) be combined, it can be obtainedKind
Combination.And six components of stress of each combination are substituted into Elasticity to the formula for calculating principal stress and principal direction of stress, point
It is not calculated by the principal stress size and principal direction of stress at azimuth and inclination angle expression, is also had in totalGroup principal stress and its
Principal direction.
S8, sampling location rock mass crustal stress states determine
The maximum principal stress inclination angle determined with the azimuth coverage and step S6 of the step S5 biggest principal stress direction determined
Range is standard, calculated to step S7Group maximum principal stress azimuth and inclination angle scan for identifying, therefrom " look for
The maximum principal stress inclination angle range that the azimuth coverage and step S6 for meeting the biggest principal stress direction that step S5 is determined out " determine
Two standards in azimuth and inclination angle principal stress.If as a result there is more than one set of situation, with closest to standard intermediate value
Principal stress value and principal direction of stress, as rock mass at engineering ground sample point, the principal stress magnitude of natural crustal stress and master are answered now
Power direction, otherwise with qualified this group of principal stress value and principal direction of stress, now as rock mass at engineering ground sample point
The principal stress magnitude and principal direction of stress of natural crustal stress.
According to it is current it is most used by rock mass crustal stress on-site conventional test method, can expend a large amount of human and material resources and
Time, reliability or precision are also highly dependent on the integrality of measuring point rock mass and the normalization of elastic characteristic and test operation；
The crustal stress that traditional sound emission Kai Seer effect is measured be maximum stress in rock mass geology history or present daygeodynamics still
It is unclear.The present invention is primarily determined natively by engineering ground and its peripheral region geological structure trace, river valley features of terrain
Place rock sample room acoustics feature is joined in this, as limitation standard in the orientation and inclination angle range of stress maximum principal direction
Number tests the determining natural crustal stress of rock mass and scans for identifying, the final principal stress for determining the natural crustal stress in place and its main side
To.Such as the southwest and the strong grand liter area of Northwestern Geology construction, especially Jinsha jiang River, Hong Shui on China East of Tibetan Plateau periphery
River, the Lancang River, Nujiang, the Yarlung Zangbo River and the upper reaches of the Yellow River etc. are regional, the natural crustal stress indoor test problem of entrenched valley rock mass,
Can through the invention and method obtains well solving scheme.
It is greater than 30 ° below by way of to southwest and the In Northwest Mountainous bank slope gradient, direct vertical height is greater than the river valley rock of 100m
Technical effect of the invention is verified in internal rock mass crustal stress indoor emission parameter testing now.
Project profile：
The Sichuan Province Aba Prefecture Xiaojin County gulf Yang Jia power station be small Jinchuan river valley comfort in the cascade development planning of side river the 4th
Grade power station.The water power our station run-of-river power station, multi-purpose project permanent construction is mainly by dam, diversion tunnel and pressure regulation
The composition such as room, pressure pipeline and workshop.Lock site maximum height of dam about 21.7m just proposes meter normal pool level 2574m, storage capacity 96.1
×104m3；Factory site is located at Xiaojin County township of Shuangbo County, underground powerhouse, and diversion tunnel is about 15km, and power station utilized head 158.1m draws
With flow 50.8m3/ s, installed capacity 60MW, Preliminary design underground power house size length × width × height=24.2m × 12.9m ×
31.3m, factory top, bottom elevation are respectively 2438m and 2406.7m.The traffic of power station site and position are as shown in figure 13, as medium-sized water
Power plant project, safety and the safety of ambient enviroment are closely related reliability with itself, building security reliably electric
Structures are seen at station, it is necessary to understand site area crustal stress situation.For this purpose, using spot sampling laboratory test test method, to site
Natively stress level is tested Inclination body.
Geological conditions overview：
(1) topography and geomorphology overview：Site is located at west Sichuan plateau east, the western edge in Qionglai mountain range, mountain Gao Gushen in area, chain of mountains weight
Repeatedly, landform is rugged strategically located and difficult of access, 4000~5000m of general mountain peak elevation, belongs to the corrosion type high mountain of the western high mountain in river to plateau zone of transition
Valley landforms, valley slope are steep.Main mountain range trend is in nearly north-south, and river (coombe) is distributed in dendroid, trunk river
There is the river Fu Bianhe and little Jin mainstream etc..Comforting side river is the river little Jin level-one tributary, 2290~2950m of bed elevation, two sides elevation
2700~5000m, 400~2000m of relative relief, valley contour is based on " V " type, average gradient 16.6 ‰, and high mountain in category~
Alpine region, factory site area, which is located at, comforts the deep U-typed River Valley Section in side river walnut level ground, and two sides bank slope slope is high.Factory site section comforts side river
The general flow direction of S38 ° of W, 2410~2417m of present riverbed elevation.It is narrow to comfort the river valley Bian He, the wide 25~45m in river valley, two bank slope mountains
Body richness is steep, and 45~75 ° of natural grade, relative relief is greater than 1500m, is high mountain gorge landform, two sides slope foot exposed bedrock.
(2) stratum and lithology overview：Exposure basement rock in site area is Triassic system Shang Tong dwarf Japan group (T3Zh ash~Dark grey)
Thin~middle layer~thick-layer particulate metasandstone and grey it is thin~middle layer slate.
(3) geological structure：Site area structurally belongs to the Renshou fruit level ground anticlinorium SW wing, attitude of rocks N20~40 ° W/SW or
70~85 ° of NE ∠, with river trend be bordering on it is vertical, for transverse direction river valley.It is influenced by region fold.Site area sunsidiary fold construction compared with
Development, rock mass is deformed stronger.Rock-mass integrity index KV=0.75~0.96, belong to more complete~rockmass.
Field sampling overview：
Requirement is produced according to live galley proof to sample at the scene.Sample is derived from the PD1 exploratory heading of workshop top, exploratory heading hole elevation
2473.05m the deep about 160m in hole.Rock sample takes to 5 different locations of PD1 footrill, and 5 distances of the sample point away from cave mouth are respectively
65m, 85m, 116m, 135m and 160m, vertical depth are respectively 70m, 90m, 115m, 124m and 130m.Test specimen lithology is
Slate and metasandstone.Sample position is as shown in Figure 14 and Figure 15, and the concrete condition of each sample point is as shown in table 1.
1 sample point situation summary sheet of table
Indoor sample preparation overview：
Five groups of test rock samples are taken respectively from the Aba Prefecture Xiaojin County gulf Yang Jia powerhouse of hydropower station area PD1 footrill, sample position
It as shown in figure 16, is complete and fresh orientation bulk rock sample, lithology is respectively metasandstone and slate.
It is produced according to indoor rock sample and requires sample preparation indoors.To calculate space principal stress, space six is carried out indoors
The orientation sample preparation in a direction.First according to the orientation and tendency marked on rock sample, rock sample is restored to the home position shape at scene
State is finding a nearly horizontal face above, is determining direct north N, using N as X-direction, establish X, Y, Z-space coordinate system.And
Determining Y, Y45 ° of X45 ° of the direction Z and Z45 ° of X for being 45 ° with two axle clamp angles in XOY plane, XOZ plane and YOZ plane respectively.
Then sample, each direction system five examinations are cut according to X, Y, Z, X45 ° of Y, Y45 ° of Z and the Z45 ° of space X six direction (such as Figure 16)
Part.Test specimen is 25mm × 25mm × 75mm cuboid.After test specimen is cut, wears into shape, two load end faces are manually refined, and make it
The depth of parallelism, verticality and flatness are fully ensured that, the requirement of rock mechanics experiment standard is met.To reduce end effect pair
The influence of acoustic emission signal measurement, test specimen two ends are through sound insulation specially treated.Profile test：
It is tested according to sample and test device installation requirement.Testing device therefor is that the U.S. produces MTS815Teststar
Program-controlled servo rock rigidity matching and AE210 Acoustic Emission Testing System.It is even using loading speed 0.4MPa/s Control experiment machine
Speed load.The gain of Acoustic Emission Testing System and threshold voltage are respectively set to 35db and 0.5V.Carry out sound insulation processing and coupling
Test specimen is placed on rigidity matching after processing and carries out uniaxial compression, is destroyed in whole process and is occurred with AE energy converter detection test specimen
Acoustic emission signal, system automatically records and automatically generates time and load, time and characteristics of Acoustic Emission value relation curve.Test
Data：
Compression time graph, sound emission number add up logarithm-time graph harmony tranmitting frequency-time histrogram as schemed
17, shown in 18.
Testing data arranges：
(1) determination of rock sample curve of acoustic emission rate catastrophe point (memory effect point) and corresponding stress value
The corresponding stress value of memory effect point is determined according to step S3.The sound emission number obtained by each specimen test adds up
Each curve of acoustic emission rate catastrophe point (also known as feature on logarithm-time graph harmony tranmitting frequency-time histrogram (such as Figure 18)
Point) determine corresponding stress value, this value generally has 1-3.
(2) determination of each sample preparation direction crustal stress component
Determine the corresponding stress value of each test specimen memory effect characteristic point, utilize formula 1) X, Y, Z, X45 ° of Y, Y45 ° of Z of calculating,
The components of stress of Z45 ° of X six direction.
Wherein, σx、σy、σz、σx45y、σy45z、σx45zThe stress of respectively X, Y, Z, X45 ° Y, Y45 ° Z, Z45 ° of X six directions
Component；σkx、σky、σkz、σkx45y、σky45z、σkx45zThe Lloyd " Butch " Keaser effect of respectively X, Y, Z, X45 ° Y, Y45 ° Z, Z45 ° of X six directions
Answer the corresponding stress value of characteristic point；N indicates the number of test-pieces in each direction.
(3) determination of crustal stress principal stress magnitude
According to σx、σy、σz、σx45y、σy45z、σx45zThe components of stress of six direction, calculate that space is main answers using following equation
Power σ1、σ2、σ3。
Solve cubic equation
σ3-J1σ2+J2σ-J3=0
Obtain each principal stress value
In formula：
J1、J2、J3For three invariants of stress state, respectively：
Wherein, σx、σy、σz、σx45y、σy45z、σx45zSix components of stress are the stress point determined by Experimental on acoustic emission
Amount.
(4) determination of crustal stress principal direction
The direction of principal stress and the direction cosines of reference axis X, Y, Z angle are calculated as follows：
Wherein, i=1,2,3.The inclination angle and azimuth of principal stress can be calculated by following formula：
Wherein, αiFor principal stress σiWith angle, that is, inclination angle of XOY plane, the elevation angle is positive, the angle of depression is negative；β i is principal stress σi
The angle of projection and X-axis on the face XOY, i.e. azimuth；It is positive, is negative clockwise counterclockwise.
(5) determination of site area geological structure crustal stress biggest principal stress direction
According to the neotectonics activity feature now in the earth region, site area is located at looping strip on Longmenshan Structural Belt,
Recent Structural stress direction should be about N50 ° of W i.e. β1About 310 °.According to the direction of Longmenshan nappe structure belt and site area
In the position of Longmenshan geological structural belt, thus it is speculated that the deviation of geotechnic stress is about 20 °, i.e. geotechnic stress direction scope exists
Between N30 ° of W-N70 ° of W, i.e. (β1-Δβ1)~(β1+Δβ1Between)=290 ° -330 °.
(6) determination of site area natural rock mass ground stress biggest principal stress direction range
According to topographic map, site area river direction β2Average value is 15 °, and sample point inclines with riverbed basement rock minimum point line
Angle α1It is all larger than zero, the inclination value of five measuring point (number is respectively I, II, III, IV and V) lines is respectively 22.35 °,
19.54 °, 16.47 °, 15.14 ° and 13.38 °.According to the calculation formula of step S5, i.e.,
Calculate five sample point rock mass crustal stress maximum principal direction β0±△β0, value is respectively：244 °~275 °, 250 °
~282 °, 257 °~289 °, 259 °~293 ° and 263 °~297 °.
(7) determination of site area natural rock mass ground stress maximum principal stress inclination angle range
According to topographic map as shown in figure 14 and sectional view it is as shown in figure 15, site area river direction β2Average value is 15 °, is taken
The inclination alpha of sampling point and riverbed basement rock minimum point line1It is all larger than zero, five measuring points (number is respectively I, II, III, IV and V) are even
The inclination value of line is respectively 22.35 °, 19.54 °, 16.47 °, 15.14 ° and 13.38 °.According to the calculation formula of step S6, i.e.,Calculate five measuring point maximum principal stress inclination alphas0±△α0, value is respectively：22 °~23 °, 19 °~
21 °, 16 °~17 °, 15 °~17 ° and 13 °~15 °.
(8) determination of site area natural rock mass ground stress principal stress probable value
It is combined the corresponding components of stress of multiple sound emission memory effect points that sample preparation direction is calculated one by one, is pressed
The principal stress and its principal direction under each components of stress combination are calculated separately according to theory of elastic mechanics.
(9) determination of site area natural rock mass ground stress principal direction of stress
Using site area biggest principal stress direction range obtained in step (6) as upper and lower limit, obtained with step (8) each
Biggest principal stress direction data under a components of stress combination scan for, and determination meets the biggest principal stress direction upper and lower limit
It is required that principal stress magnitude.If only one principal stress and its principal direction, this value is sampling test point institute rock to be tested
The principal stress state of mass ground stress.If extra one, the inclination angle range obtained according to step (7) determines that one of master answers
Power state, as the sampling test point rock mass crustal stress to be tested principal stress state.
Five sample point slope Nei Yan in the horizontal exploratory heading in underground workshop site area determined according to the above method
Principal stress magnitude, principal direction and the inclination angle of the natural crustal stress of body are listed in Table 2 below.
2 rock mass detecting earth stress outcome table of table
Those of ordinary skill in the art will understand that the embodiments described herein, which is to help reader, understands this hair
Bright principle, it should be understood that protection scope of the present invention is not limited to such specific embodiments and embodiments.For ability
For the technical staff in domain, the invention may be variously modified and varied.All within the spirits and principles of the present invention, made
Any modification, equivalent substitution, improvement and etc. should be included within scope of the presently claimed invention.
Claims (4)
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| CN113569389A (en) * | 2021-07-07 | 2021-10-29 | 西南交通大学 | Method for determining structural boundary load form in rock initial ground stress field inversion |
| CN114609245A (en) * | 2022-05-10 | 2022-06-10 | 西南交通大学 | Array type ultrasonic guided wave instrument, steel structure damage monitoring system and method |
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| CN114609245B (en) * | 2022-05-10 | 2022-08-23 | 西南交通大学 | Array type ultrasonic guided wave instrument, steel structure damage monitoring system and method |
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