CN108918295A - A kind of free straight snips system and method for rock joint - Google Patents
A kind of free straight snips system and method for rock joint Download PDFInfo
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- CN108918295A CN108918295A CN201810464934.9A CN201810464934A CN108918295A CN 108918295 A CN108918295 A CN 108918295A CN 201810464934 A CN201810464934 A CN 201810464934A CN 108918295 A CN108918295 A CN 108918295A
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 186
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/24—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady shearing forces
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/003—Generation of the force
- G01N2203/0042—Pneumatic or hydraulic means
- G01N2203/0048—Hydraulic means
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0058—Kind of property studied
- G01N2203/0069—Fatigue, creep, strain-stress relations or elastic constants
- G01N2203/0075—Strain-stress relations or elastic constants
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种岩石节理平剪系统和方法。所述系统包括：固定剪切部、活动剪切部、刚性框架、法向驱动机构、第一和第二剪向驱动机构、第一和第二滑轨，其中，固定剪切部被固定，有容纳第一节理试样并限制其相对固定剪切部运动的第一空腔；活动剪切部有容纳第二节理试样并使其随活动剪切部同步运动的第二空腔；法向驱动机构能向活动剪切部提供法向驱动力；第一、第二剪向驱动机构能使活动剪切部沿第一、第二滑轨自由滑动，第一滑轨设置在刚性框架上，第二滑轨将活动剪切部与第一滑轨连接，第一、第二滑轨构成自由平移基本结构。所述方法包括采用上述系统进行实验。本发明有益效果包括：结构合理简便，能实现岩石节理严格意义上自由平剪实验。
The invention provides a rock joint shearing system and method. The system comprises: a fixed shear part, a movable shear part, a rigid frame, a normal drive mechanism, a first and a second shear drive mechanism, a first and a second slide rail, wherein the fixed shear part is fixed, There is a first cavity for accommodating the first joint sample and restricting its movement relative to the fixed shearing part; the movable shearing part has a second cavity for accommodating the second joint sample and making it move synchronously with the movable shearing part; The normal driving mechanism can provide normal driving force to the movable shearing part; the first and second shearing driving mechanisms can make the movable shearing part slide freely along the first and second slide rails, and the first slide rail is set on the rigid frame Above, the second slide rail connects the movable shearing part with the first slide rail, and the first and second slide rails form a free translational basic structure. The methods include conducting experiments using the systems described above. The beneficial effects of the invention include: the structure is reasonable and simple, and the free horizontal shear experiment of rock joints in a strict sense can be realized.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to ROCK MECHANICS RESEARCH fields.Particularly, it is related to a kind of free straight snips system and method for rock joint.
Background technique
Rock joint (structural plane) shearing experiment is the basic skills for studying rock mass discontinuity mechanical property, is rock mechanics
The important evidence of research, rock structural face mechanical test have important practical significance and are worth for engineer application.Past
In engineering research and application, the test of rock structural face mechanical property mainly includes normal direction loading experiment, shearing experiment etc., according to adding
The difference of carrier strip part, and cyclic loading and unloading experiment can be divided into, circulation shear experiment, constant normal stiffness shearing experiment CNK, perseverance
Determine normal stress shearing experiment CNS etc..However, gradually expanding as research is gradually goed deep into rock joint mechanical property understanding
Greatly, the anisotropic property of rock joint has obtained the discovery and approval of many scholars, and rock joint mechanical strength, deformation are rigid
Degree, rolling shape statistical parameter, joint add unloading degeneration etc. to show anisotropy, and dynamically become with uninstall process is added
Change.But add the directional characteristic of unloading and deformation not carry out hard constraints rock joint in past laboratory apparatus, no
Can the direction of the shearing of joint samples or deformation be limited and be controlled very well, therefore, the present invention proposes a kind of stringent with regard to this
The free straight snips system of rock joint in meaning.
Summary of the invention
For the deficiencies in the prior art, it is an object of the invention to solve above-mentioned one existing in the prior art
Or multiple problems.For example, an object of the present invention propose a kind of can strictly obtain rock joint plus unloading, deformation it is big
The small and free straight snips system and method for bearing data rock joint.
To achieve the goals above, one aspect of the present invention provides a kind of free straight snips system of rock joint.The system
May include：Fixed shear portion, movable cut part, rigid frame, normal direction driving mechanism, first, which are cut to driving mechanism and first, to be slided
Rail, wherein the fixed shear portion has the first cavity extended along normal orientation, and can be fixed in rigid frame,
Wherein, the first cavity has the first opening that the first joint samples can be made to pass through, and the first cavity can accommodate the examination of the first joint
Sample simultaneously has the shape that can limit the first joint samples Yu the first cavity relative motion；The activity cut part has along normal direction
The second cavity that direction extends, wherein the second cavity has the second opening that the second joint samples can be made to pass through, the second cavity
The second joint samples can be accommodated and there is the shape that can limit the second joint samples Yu the second cavity relative motion, and is described
Movable cut part is arranged in such a way that second opening is towards first opening；The normal direction driving mechanism can be to activity
Cut part provides normal direction driving force, and under the action of normal direction driving force, movable cut part is able to drive the second joint samples to the
The movement of one joint samples, two joint face contacts for keeping the first, second joint samples opposite are concurrently raw to be squeezed and deformed；Described first
Sliding rail is arranged on rigid frame along the first shear direction, and first shear direction is vertical with the normal orientation；Described
One cuts that movable cut part can be made to carry out on the first sliding rail along the first shear direction by telescopic action power to driving mechanism flat
Move sliding.
In an exemplary embodiment of the free straight snips system of rock joint of the invention, first, second joint
Sample may comprise prism section and cylindrical section, wherein the circular surface of each joint samples cylindrical section can be joint plane.Described
One, the form on two opposite faces (i.e. joint plane) of the second joint samples can be arbitrary, can also between two joint planes
To be provided with filler, the form and charges of joint plane can need to design according to research and test.
In an exemplary embodiment of the free straight snips system of rock joint of the invention, the system also includes second
Cut to driving mechanism and the second sliding rail, wherein second sliding rail extend along the second shear direction and by first sliding rail with
Activity cut part connection, second shear direction is vertical with the normal orientation and hangs down with first shear direction
Directly；Described second cuts to driving mechanism and connect with movable cut part, and can make movable cut part along the by telescopic action power
Two shear directions carry out translation gliding on the second sliding rail.
In an exemplary embodiment of the free straight snips system of rock joint of the invention, normal direction driving mechanism and activity
Cut part, which can be, directly to be contacted, and mediate contact is also possible to, such as normal direction driving mechanism can will be driven by ball plate
Power passes to movable cut part, and the presence of ball plate will not influence the deformation rigidity of normal direction load；It is of the invention when utilizing
When system only carries out the normal direction compression experiment of rock joint experiment, the two can be contacted directly.
In an exemplary embodiment of the free straight snips system of rock joint of the invention, the normal direction driving mechanism packet
The loading end that can transmit normal direction driving force is included, the activity cut part may also include the plummer being arranged on top surface, described
Plummer can transmit the driving force of normal direction driving mechanism to the second joint samples, wherein
Rotatable ball, the loading end energy of the plummer and the normal direction driving mechanism are fixed on the plummer
Relative motion is enough generated by ball, for example, can produce the relative motion in horizontal direction；
Alternatively, the system also includes the ball plate that the plummer upper surface is arranged in, the plummer and the method
To the loading end of driving mechanism relative motion can be generated by the ball plate；Wherein, the plummer top surface edge can
With protrusion, the protrusion can limit ball plate；
Alternatively, the bottom of the loading end of the normal direction driving mechanism is fixed with rotatable ball, the plummer and institute
The loading end for stating normal direction driving mechanism can generate relative motion by ball.Wherein, the plummer top surface edge can have
There is protrusion, the protrusion can limit ball plate.
In an exemplary embodiment of the free straight snips system of rock joint of the invention, the activity cut part Ke Bao
Include the sliding rail pipeline that can accommodate second sliding rail.
In an exemplary embodiment of the free straight snips system of rock joint of the invention, the system, which may also include, to be set
The slide set on the first sliding rail and be fixedly linked with the second sliding rail, the slide can be sheared by the second sliding rail drive activity
It is slided on the first sliding rail in portion.First sliding rail can be vertical with the second sliding rail.
Electrohydraulic servo system (also referred to as electro-hydraulic servo driver) of the invention mainly have including：Hydraulic power source, electro-hydraulic servo
Valve, hydraulic actuating mechanism, wherein electrohydraulic servo valve has higher sensitivity, controls the high feature of precision.Electrohydraulic servo-driving system
Power can be capable of providing flow and pressure from respective matched independent hydraulically controlled source (also referred to as hydraulic pump), hydraulic power source, and
The control of flow and pressure is by the electricity on testing machine (the free straight snips system of rock joint i.e. of the invention) electro-hydraulic servo driver
Hydraulic servo is controlled according to computer control signal.
In an exemplary embodiment of the free straight snips system of rock joint of the invention, the system may also include biography
Sensor and computer, the sensor can acquire normal direction driving mechanism in real time, first cut to driving mechanism and second and cut to drive
The activation bit of acquisition can be analyzed and processed by the activation bit of at least one in motivation structure, the computer, and according to
The adjustable normal direction driving mechanism of processing result, first, which are cut, cuts into driving mechanism at least one to driving mechanism and second
Driving behavior, wherein the activation bit include the size of driving force, the position of driving force effect point and rate of deformation etc. letter
Breath.Wherein, driving force effect point is the point that driving mechanism is contacted with driven object.
In an exemplary embodiment of the free straight snips system of rock joint of the invention, normal direction driving mechanism may include
One electro-hydraulic servo driver, first to cut to driving mechanism may include two opposite electro-hydraulic servo drivers, and second cuts to drive
Motivation structure also includes two opposite electro-hydraulic servo drivers.Except hydraulic execution structure, electrohydraulic servo valve and matched liquid
Outside potential source, each electro-hydraulic servo driver may also include data sampling sensor；The system also includes computer, data acquisitions
Sensor can acquire the axle power size of electro-hydraulic servo driver and stroke and pass to computer system, be divided by computer
Analysis and processing, and adjust automatically exports corresponding control signal, the electro-hydraulic servo driver can receive meter by servo valve
Calculation machine issue and convert after control signal and the pressure and flow velocity of hydraulic oil are controlled with this, to control electro-hydraulic servo driving
The behavior of device.
In an exemplary embodiment of the free straight snips system of rock joint of the invention, the fixed shear portion can be wrapped
Include fixed shear inner box and fixed shear outer box, wherein the fixed shear inner box has first cavity and described first
Opening, the fixed shear outer box have the third cavity through box body, and can be fixed on rigid frame, third cavity
With the opening that fixed shear inner box can be made to pass through, third cavity can accommodate fixed shear inner box whole box body, to prevent
When shear-deformable, interior shear box directly cuts sample, and third cavity simultaneously can limit fixed shear inner box relative to fixed shear
Outer box with moved in normal vertical direction, and can limit fixed shear inner box relative to fixed shear outer box occur
Rotation, such as around the rotation of normal.
In an exemplary embodiment of the free straight snips system of rock joint of the invention, the activity cut part Ke Bao
Include activity shearing inner box and activity shearing outer box, wherein the activity shearing inner box has second cavity and described second
Opening, the activity shearing outer box have the 4th cavity through box body, and the 4th cavity, which has, can make activity shearing inner box logical
The opening crossed, the 4th cavity can accommodate activity shearing inner box section box body, and can limit activity shearing inner box relative to work
Dynamic shearing outer box with moved in normal vertical direction, and can limit activity shearing inner box relative to activity shearing outside
Box rotates, such as around the rotation of normal.
In an exemplary embodiment of the free straight snips system of rock joint of the invention, the rigid frame can also be wrapped
It includes one and unloads model machine structure, unload model machine structure and be located at rigid frame bottom, and the activity can be sheared inner box, fixed shear inner box
And first, second joint samples are carried away from the activity shearing outer box and fixed shear outer box, to facilitate experiment
Carry out and unload sample.
Another aspect of the present invention provides a kind of free straight snips method of rock joint, and the method can pass through above-mentioned rock
Stone joint free straight snips system carries out rock joint straight snips.
Compared with prior art, beneficial effects of the present invention include：Structurally reasonable simplicity can be good at constraining joint examination
The rotational freedom of sample enables laboratory apparatus to control free shift shearing of the joint on horizontal any direction, so as to
The accurate description data of the mechanics parameters on direction such as that certain rock joint is enough obtained by laboratory apparatus plus unloading, deformation,
Technical support is provided for the development of the theory.
Detailed description of the invention
By the description carried out with reference to the accompanying drawing, above and other purpose of the invention and feature will become more clear
Chu, wherein：
Fig. 1 shows the schematic diagram of stress and deformation in rock joint shear experiment；
Fig. 2 shows the appearance diagrams of joint samples of the invention；
Fig. 3 shows the structural schematic diagram of activity shearing inner box and fixed shear inner box of the invention；
Fig. 4 shows a structural schematic diagram of activity shearing outer box of the invention；
Fig. 5 shows a structural schematic diagram of fixed shear outer box of the invention；
Fig. 6 shows the structure in fixed shear portion and movable cut part installation of the invention and the schematic diagram of order；
Fig. 7 shows the basic structure schematic diagram of slide of the present invention；
Fig. 8 shows the structural schematic diagram of load skid beam of the invention；
Fig. 9 shows the schematic diagram of free smooth structure of the invention；
Figure 10 shows the schematic diagram of experiment loading structure of the invention；
Figure 11 shows a schematic diagram of rigid frame of the invention；
Figure 12 shows the schematic diagram of the free straight snips system of rock joint of the invention；
Figure 13 shows a schematic diagram of the free straight snips system of rock joint of the invention Yu its control system；
Figure 14 shows the free straight snips system realization shear stress of rock joint of the invention or shear-deformable for oval rail
The load schematic diagram of mark；
Figure 15 shows the free straight snips system of rock joint of the invention and realizes in certain constant normal stress and shear stress
The schematic diagram of unidirectional shearing force harmonic loading under load；
Figure 16 shows the free straight snips system of rock joint of the invention and realizes to each to different of oval distribution property
Property joint load experiment on evolution schematic diagram.
Specific embodiment
Hereinafter, the free straight snips system of rock joint of the invention will be described in detail in conjunction with attached drawing and exemplary embodiment
System and method.
Fig. 1 shows the schematic diagram of stress and deformation in rock joint shear experiment.Fig. 2 shows joint of the invention examinations
The appearance diagram of sample.Fig. 3 shows the structural schematic diagram of activity shearing inner box and fixed shear inner box of the invention.Fig. 4 shows
A structural schematic diagram of activity shearing outer box of the invention is gone out.Fig. 5 shows one of fixed shear outer box of the invention
Structural schematic diagram.Fig. 6 shows the schematic diagram in fixed shear portion and movable cut part installation and order of the invention.Fig. 7 is shown
The basic structure schematic diagram of slide of the present invention.Fig. 8 shows the structural schematic diagram of load skid beam of the invention.Fig. 9 is shown
The schematic diagram of free smooth structure of the invention.Figure 10 shows the schematic diagram of experiment loading structure of the invention.Figure 11 is shown
One schematic diagram of rigid frame of the invention.Figure 12 shows the signal of the free straight snips system of rock joint of the invention
Figure.Figure 13 shows a schematic diagram of the free straight snips system of rock joint of the invention Yu its control system.Figure 14 is shown
The free straight snips system of rock joint of the invention realizes shear stress or the shear-deformable load schematic diagram for elliptical orbit.Figure 15
The free straight snips system realization of rock joint of the invention is shown unidirectionally to cut under certain constant normal stress and shear stress load
The schematic diagram of stress harmonic loading.Figure 16 shows the free straight snips system of rock joint of the invention and realizes to oval distribution
The anisotropy joint load Evolution of property analyzes schematic diagram.
One aspect of the present invention provides a kind of free straight snips system of rock joint.
In an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the system may include：Fixed shear portion, movable cut part, just
Property frame, normal direction driving mechanism, first are cut to driving mechanism and the first sliding rail, wherein
The fixed shear portion has the first cavity extended along normal orientation, and can be fixed in rigid frame,
Wherein, the first cavity has the first opening that the first joint samples can be made to pass through, and the first cavity can accommodate the examination of the first joint
Sample simultaneously has the shape that can limit the first joint samples Yu the first cavity relative motion；For example, the first cavity can limit
One joint samples are moved upwards relative to fixed shear portion in the side vertical with normal, and can limit the first joint samples phase
First cavity is rotated, rotation includes the rotation around normal.
The activity cut part has the second cavity for extending along normal orientation, wherein the second cavity is with can make the
The second opening that two joint samples pass through, the second cavity, which can accommodate the second joint samples and have, can limit the examination of the second joint
The shape of sample and the second cavity relative motion, for example, the second cavity can limit the second joint samples relative to movable cut part
It is moved upwards in the side vertical with normal, and the second joint samples can be limited and rotated relative to the second cavity, rotation includes
Around the rotation of normal；And the activity cut part is arranged in such a way that second opening is towards first opening, with
The joint plane of the first, second joint samples is set to be in contact.Wherein, the second joint samples can follow the synchronous fortune in movable cut part
It is dynamic.
The normal direction driving mechanism can provide normal direction driving force to movable cut part, under the action of normal direction driving force,
Movable cut part is able to drive the second joint samples and moves to the first joint samples, makes two that the first, second joint samples are opposite
A joint face contact is concurrently raw to be squeezed and deformed.Wherein, normal direction driving mechanism can be contacted directly or indirectly with movable cut part, example
Such as, a settable ball plate on the top surface of movable cut part, normal direction driving mechanism can be sheared by ball plate to activity
Transmit normal direction driving force in portion.
First sliding rail is arranged on rigid frame along the first shear direction, first shear direction and the normal direction
Direction is vertical.
Described first cuts to driving mechanism and connect with movable cut part, and can make movable cut part by telescopic action power
Translation gliding is carried out on the first sliding rail along the first shear direction, for example, under the action of first cuts to driving mechanism, shears
It the portion of cutting can be free to slide on the first sliding rail.First shear direction includes two opposite directions, is cut first to driving machine
Under the action of structure, movable cut part can move back and forth on the first sliding rail.
In the present embodiment, the first joint samples can enter first cavity in fixed shear portion along normal direction, enter
After first cavity, the rotation around normal cannot occur relative to fixed shear portion for the first joint samples.Equally, the second joint is tried
Sample can enter the second cavity of movable cut part along normal direction, and into after the second cavity, the second joint samples are relative to work
Rotation around normal cannot occur for dynamic cut part.
In the present embodiment, joint samples (also known as rock joint sample) include opposite two parts, the examination of the first joint
Sample and the second joint samples (top and the bottom for being referred to as joint samples), two opposite faces of the first, second joint samples
For joint plane, the first, second joint samples can be prefabricated sample, be also possible to obtain from engineering ground, nature acquisition
Joint samples need to carry out cutting polishing to shape certainly., as shown in Figure 1, the stress of joint plane can be expressed as：[τx,
τy,σz]T, the deformation of joint plane is expressed as：[δux,δuy,δuz]T, and condition need to be met：σmax≤σz≤ 0, wherein τxAnd τyAll
For horizontal shearing stress, subscript x and y indicate mutually orthogonal direction, σzFor normal stress, σmaxFor joint maximum close stress, δ ux
With δ uyIt is all deformed for horizontal shear, subscript x and y indicate mutually orthogonal direction, δ uzFor normal direction closure deformation.Joint plane can be by
The horizontal shearing stress variable to the compression and size direction of normal direction.
First joint samples and the second joint samples should all be：Vulnerable to constraint and the shape that do not relatively rotate, i.e., the
One, when two joint samples are placed in fixed shear portion and movable cut part, it can all suffer restraints and cannot occur to surround sample axis
The rotation of line (or normal), but relative translation can occur in the plane that the first shear direction and the second shear direction are constituted
Movement.
Since rock joint rolling shape is changeable, when relative horizontal displacement occurs for joint plane, if joint samples are easily to send out
The shape (such as cylindrical body) of raw rotation then frequently can lead to rock joint sample and rotate that (such as cylindrical body is sent out along axis
Raw rotation).When being unevenly distributed for the first, second joint samples joint plane contact point, and contact point space normal orientation exists
When predominant direction, the torque that relative torsion is generated above joint may be led to due to the shearing force at joint, if joint is tried at this time
When not constraining along axis rotational freedom of sample, the torsiversion of opposite instrument may occur in instrument for joint samples at this time
It moves, therefore it is inconsistent to cause the experimental data obtained to be arranged with joint samples direction, leads to not accurately study joint plane power
Learn the anisotropy of property.Therefore need to constrain joint samples rotate (such as constraint cylindrical body rock joint sample along axle center
Rotational freedom) so that sample only has, there are two horizontal movement freedom degrees.
First, second joint samples may comprise prism section and cylindrical section, wherein each joint samples cylindrical section
Circular surface is joint plane, and cylindrical section circular cross-section should ensure that in geometrically each identical, the first segment to horizontal size (i.e. diameter)
Reason sample and the area of the second joint samples cylindrical section circular cross-section may be the same or different, for example, the first joint samples
The area of cylindrical section circular cross-section can be greater than the area of the second joint samples cylindrical section circular cross-section.First, second joint
Form on two opposite faces (i.e. joint plane) of sample can be arbitrary.Wherein the cylindrical section of the two is facing, needs to guarantee
Joint plane is circular distribution, and size is not the influence factor of property in all directions.Wherein, prism can for tri-prismoid,
Four prisms cylinder, pentagonal prism body, hexagonal prism, seven prisms etc., as long as the power that suffers restraints is not susceptible to rotation or mobile shape
Shape all may be used.First and second joint samples can be symmetrically the same, can also be different, and two faces of the two contact can be identical, can also not
Together；Filler is may also set up between joint plane, for example, silt, clast, mineral and water etc., the form or substance of joint plane are filled
It fills out situation and needs to be designed and make according to research, as long as can satisfy experiment test request.
Preferably, as shown in Fig. 2, the first and second joint samples are all made of cylindrical body and hexagonal prism, two cylindrical bodies
It is contacted with each other by prefabricated joint plane；Hexagonal prisms up/down surface diagonal length can be straight with cylindrical body up/down surface
Diameter is equal.In this way, axial rotation does not occur for joint samples when suffering restraints, i.e., the rotation around axis does not occur.And
Joint samples include that hexagonal prisms section is because joint samples may be rock, concrete, cement mortar, gypsum mortar etc. material
Material in cutting polishing processing or pours so accurate not as good as intermetallic composite coating, therefore hexagonal prisms are with relatively simple shape,
And not having very little side causes stress respectively to uneven, relatively preferably.
In the present embodiment, the system may also include second and cut to driving mechanism and the second sliding rail, wherein
Second sliding rail extends along the second shear direction and connect first sliding rail with the movable cut part, institute
It is vertical with the normal orientation and the first shear direction to state the second shear direction.
Described second cuts to driving mechanism and connect with movable cut part, and (such as electro-hydraulic can be watched by telescopic action power
Take the thrust of driver) move movable cut part smoothly on the second sliding rail along the second shear direction.Second shearing side
To including two opposite directions, under the action of second cuts to driving mechanism, movable cut part can be on the second sliding rail back and forth
Movement.
Second cuts to driving mechanism and can directly or indirectly contact with movable cut part, for example, described second cuts to driving machine
Structure is connect with fixed counter-force seat, counter-force is transferred to slide, and be ultimately applied on rigid frame.
The activity cut part can be located at the surface in fixed shear portion, and the normal direction driving mechanism is capable of providing vertical
The driving force of (i.e. perpendicular to horizontal plane), first sliding rail and the second sliding rail can be all horizontally disposed with, and described first cuts to direction
Cutting with second to direction all can be horizontal direction.
In the present embodiment, the fixed shear portion may include fixed shear inner box and fixed shear outer box, wherein
The fixed shear inner box has first cavity and first opening,
The fixed shear outer box have the third cavity through box body, and can be fixed on rigid frame, third
Cavity has the opening that fixed shear inner box can be made to pass through, and third cavity can accommodate fixed shear inner box whole box body, with
When preventing shear-deformable, interior shear box directly cuts sample, and has and can limit fixed shear inner box and fixed shear outer box
The shape of relative motion, for example, can limit fixed shear inner box and fixed shear outer box with generate phase in normal direction vertical direction
To movement, and fixed shear inner box can be limited and rotated relative to fixed shear outer box, rotation includes around normal
Rotation.
The activity cut part may include activity shearing inner box and activity shearing outer box, wherein the activity shearing inner box
With second cavity and second opening, the activity shearing outer box have the 4th cavity through box body, and the 4th is empty
Chamber has the opening that activity shearing inner box can be made to pass through, and the 4th cavity can accommodate activity shearing inner box section box body, and have
Have can limit activity shearing inner box and activity shearing outer box relative motion shape, such as can limit activity shearing inner box with
Activity shearing outer box in normal direction vertical direction generate relative motion and can limit activity shearing inner box relative to activity
Shearing outer box rotate, and rotation includes the rotation around normal.
Second cavity of activity shearing inner box can not can protrude for hollow structure when the second joint samples are placed in one
A part.First cavity of fixed shear inner box can not be hollow structure, when the first joint samples are located at fixed shear inner box,
A part can also be protruded.When activity shearing inner box is placed in the surface of fixed shear inner box, two joint samples are in contact, living
Dynamic shearing inner box and fixed shear inner box do not contact.
Activity shearing inner box may also include the plummer for being arranged on activity shearing inner box top surface and having protrusion, hold
There can be a certain distance between microscope carrier and activity shearing outer box.In this case, activity is sheared outside outer box and fixed shear
Box directly contacts, but between the two can be with the opposite sliding of lower resistance；And activity shearing inner box bottom is higher than shears
Outer box bottom is cut, is lower than at the top of fixed shear outer box at the top of fixed shear inner box, so that intermediate there are the skies for movement
Gap so will not cut interior shear box when shear-deformable, and is answered since the first, second joint samples can be contacted directly in normal direction
Compressive deformation can occur under power, compression deformation does not exceed the width in movement gap.Therefore, at the top of activity shearing inner box
Also there are certain gaps between plummer and activity shearing outer box top surface, guarantee that normal direction occurs for the joint samples that can be in this way
Deformation.
The cavity of activity shearing inner box and fixed shear inner box can provide constraint to the second, first joint samples respectively
Power prevents the second, first joint samples from rotating or moving in activity shearing inner box, fixed shear inner box respectively.It is preferred that
, the shape and size of the first cavity can match with the first joint samples, and the first joint samples can just be placed on and cut
It cuts in box, when the first joint samples are made of cylindrical body and hexagonal prism, the first cavity is also by corresponding cylindrical cavity
It is formed with hexagonal prism cavity；The shape and size of second cavity can also match with the second joint samples.
The shape of activity shearing inner box and fixed shear inner box can also be vulnerable to constraint without rotating or moving
Shape can cut inner box and the rotation of fixed shear inner box to avoid shears in this way and the second, first joint samples is caused to occur to turn
It is dynamic or mobile.The shape and size of activity shearing inner box and fixed shear inner box may be the same or different.In activity shearing
The shape of box and fixed shear inner box is also possible to prism, such as triangular prism, quadrangular, pentagonal prism, hexagonal prisms, seven prisms, eight
Prism, nine prisms etc., this can avoid rotating along its axis.
When fixed shear inner box remains stationary, under the action of shearing force (such as horizontal actuator force), activity shearing
Inner box can be freely subjected to displacement in the horizontal plane, and can make normal direction driving mechanism compression joint examination in the range of research
Closure deformation occurs for sample (i.e. the first, second joint samples).When joint samples are placed in interior shear box, (i.e. activity is sheared inner box and is consolidated
Surely inner box is sheared) when, the joint plane of two joint samples is in contact, and activity shearing inner box and fixed shear inner box do not contact, and
Between the two there are certain gap, the distance in gap should be greater than coarse joint plane fluctuation range up and down between opening, to guarantee
Activity shearing inner box or movable cut part will not directly contact joint plane.Effect of the activity shearing inner box in normal direction driving force
Under, it is capable of the joint plane closure deformation of the first and second joint samples.Therefore activity shearing inner box and fixed shear inner box will not influence
The normal deformation of joint samples itself and tangential deformation.
Fig. 3 shows the structural schematic diagram of activity shearing inner box and fixed shear inner box of the invention；Wherein, (a) figure is
Positive to be intended to, (b) figure is left view, and (c) figure is top view, and (d) figure is schematic diagram.As shown in figure 3, activity shearing inner box and fixation
The shape for shearing inner box is all eight prisms, and the first, second joint samples include cylindrical body and hexagonal prism.Activity shearing inner box is also
It may include the plummer being arranged on activity shearing inner box top surface, plummer may include the part of prominent activity shearing inner box, i.e.,
The table top product of plummer can be greater than the top surface area of activity shearing inner box, and the plummer can contact normal direction driving mechanism, and
Transmitting normal direction driving force downwards.The plummer upper surface can also have protrusion, and protrusion can have along the edge of plummer.
Activity shearing inner box be set as eight prismatic profiles be because：Eight prismatic profiles of activity shearing inner box are at level two
Consistent in vertical direction, the effect of the active force of receiving activity shearing outer box is consistent in all directions, and deflection is one
It causes.When carrying out shearing experiment, deformation may be generated between activity shearing inner box and activity shearing outer box, when by four
When the shearing force of a horizontal direction, the shape of eight prisms can guarantee that the deformation of all directions is consistent, and then ensure experiment
Accuracy, wherein the shearing force of four horizontal directions include two pairs of orthogonal shearing forces, each pair of shearing force include two
The opposite power in direction.
The cavity of activity shearing outer box and fixed shear outer box can be mentioned to activity shearing inner box, fixed shear inner box respectively
For restraining force, prevents activity shearing inner box from rotating or moving in activity shearing outer box, prevent fixed shear inner box solid
Surely it shears and rotates or move in outer box.When the activity shearing inner box with plummer is placed in activity shearing outer box, carrying
The protrusion of platform can be located at the top of activity shearing outer box upper surface.The shape and size of activity shearing outer box cavity can be with work
Dynamic shearing inner box must match, and activity shearing inner box section box body can be partially disposed in the cavity of activity shearing outer box, when
When the shape of activity shearing inner box is eight prism, as shown in figure 4, the cavity of activity shearing outer box is also corresponding eight prism；Together
The shape and size of sample, fixed shear outer box cavity can also match with fixed shear inner box, outside fixed shear as shown in Figure 5
One structural schematic diagram of box, the cavity of fixed shear outer box can also be corresponding eight prism；Wherein, (a) figure is schematic diagram,
(b) figure is top view, and (c) figure is left view, and in figure, fixed shear outer box can be hollow cylinder, wherein hollow structure can
It is prismatic for eight.
When activity shearing inner box and fixed shear inner box are placed in activity shearing outer box and fixed shear outer box, activity shearing
The both ends opposite with fixed shear outer box of outer box directly contact, and smear certain lubricating oil, and activity is enabled to shear outer box
Enough relatively fixed shearing outer box only have sliding motion, and the first and second joint test specimen edge and activity shearing outer box and fixed shear
For the inward flange of inner box there are certain free space distance, which contains effective coverage of experiment, will not influence reality
Test progress.The shear-deformable distance of rock joint shear sample is all extremely limited, provides comparable space here, will not influence experiment
It carries out.
There are two activity shearing outer box main functions：It is rotated first is that inner box is sheared in limitation activity along axis, and then guarantees section
Reason sample not can rotate, so that the shear-deformable of joint samples freely generates on horizontal any direction；Second is that by horizontal shear
It is transferred to activity shearing inner box, activity shearing inner box is again by shearing force in the second joint samples.
In the present embodiment, the joint samples can be vertically arranged, i.e., joint plane can be horizontally disposed with, and first cuts to driving machine
Structure and second is cut to driving mechanism and is capable of providing horizontal shear force.First sliding rail and the second sliding rail hang down in the horizontal plane and mutually
Directly.
In the present embodiment, the movable cut part or activity shearing inner box may also include setting in its top surface (i.e. upper table
Face) on plummer, the normal direction driving mechanism includes the loading end (i.e. normal direction loading end) that can transmit normal direction driving force,
The plummer is provided with rotatable ball, alternatively, being fixed with below the loading end of the normal direction driving mechanism
Rotatable ball, in this way, normal direction driving mechanism loading end and carrying end can generate relative motion by ball；Again or
Person, the system also includes the ball plate that the plummer upper surface is arranged in, the normal direction loading end of the driving mechanism can
It is placed on ball plate, and can be slided on ball plate, the plummer upper surface can have protrusion, and the protrusion can be to rolling
Pearl plate is limited, and prevents ball plate from skidding off, and protrusion can be located at the edge of plummer, and protrusion can be circular ring shape.
When the power transmission of ball plate is arranged, after joint samples are placed in testing machine, normal direction driving mechanism loading end is passed out
Normal direction driving force successively passes to ball plate, the plummer of activity shearing inner box, the second joint samples, the first joint samples, consolidates
Surely inner box, fixed shear outer box and rigid frame are sheared.
In the present embodiment, the movable cut part (or activity shearing outer box) may include that can accommodate second sliding rail
Sliding rail pipeline, the sliding rail pipeline passes through or is connected to the box body of movable cut part (or activity shearing outer box).
What needs to be explained here is that shoe channel is an example, as long as being that by shears cuts portion along second
The design of sliding rail sliding all can, for example, movable cut part (or activity shearing outer box) may include the cunning matched with the second sliding rail
Wheel.
Fig. 4 shows a structural schematic diagram of activity shearing outer box of the invention；Wherein, (a) figure is schematic diagram, (b)
Figure is top view, and (c) figure is left view, (d) is front view.
As shown in figure 4, the activity shearing outer box may include the sliding rail pipeline that can accommodate second sliding rail, sliding rail tube
The quantity in road is identical as the quantity of the second sliding rail, for example, sliding rail pipeline is two, and two cunnings when the second sliding rail has two
Rail pipeline is parallel.The sliding rail pipeline passes through or is connected to the box body of activity shearing outer box, and sliding rail pipeline can be with the 4th cavity cross
The a line in section is parallel.Several also settable loading bench in the box body of the activity shearing outer box, for bearing shearing force.
Preferably, it may include four loading bench are oppositely arranged in box body two-by-two, wherein opposite the first, second loading bench table top with
Sliding rail pipeline is parallel, and another group of opposite third, the 4th loading bench table top are vertical with sliding rail pipeline, and such first and second cuts to drive
Motivation structure can provide two groups of horizontal actuator forces to activity shearing outer box.When sliding rail pipeline is connected to the box of activity shearing outer box
When with it, one group of opposite loading bench therein be may be provided on sliding rail pipeline.
In this embodiment, the rigid frame may also include one and unload model machine structure, unloads model machine structure and is located at rigid frame bottom,
And the activity shearing inner box, fixed shear inner box and first, second joint samples can be sheared from the activity
It is carried away in outer box and fixed shear outer box, to facilitate the progress of experiment and unload sample, experimental procedure can also be simplified.
Unloading model machine structure may include two components：Pressure pin and foot pedal lever, the two are packed into the prefabricated fluting in rigid frame bottom
In drilling.Pressure pin can be vertically arranged in systems, have saddle at the top of drawbar, and saddle size does not influence the rigidity of system,
Drawbar bottom is round and smooth and is pressed into foot pedal lever；The other is foot pedal lever, one end of foot pedal lever is pedal, and the other end is lifted
The bottom of bar, the reserved protrusion of rigid frame bottom slot can be used as the fulcrum of foot pedal lever.
Fig. 6 shows activity shearing inner box, activity shearing outer box, fixed shear inner box, fixed shear outer box, the first joint
The schematic diagram that sample and the second joint samples are assemblied together, after assembling, joint samples are located at activity shearing inner box and fixation
It shears in inner box, activity shearing inner box and fixed shear inner box are located in activity shearing outer box and fixed shear outer box, unload sample structure
Part is located under fixed shear inner box.
In the present embodiment, the system may also include the cunning for being arranged on the first sliding rail and being fixedly linked with the second sliding rail
Seat, the slide is able to drive the second sliding rail and movable cut part is slided on the first sliding rail.Slide can be two, be located at
The both ends of second sliding rail.First sliding rail can be vertical with the second sliding rail.
The system also includes can be by slide and the fixed integral fixing component of the second sliding rail, such as fixed counter-force seat
Deng being also provided with fixed counter-force seat on one or two slide, cut for fixing the second sliding rail and second to driving mechanism.
Fig. 7 shows the structural schematic diagram of slide of the invention；Wherein, (a) figure is schematic diagram, and (b) figure is front view,
(c) figure is left view.
As shown in fig. 7, may be provided with several through-holes for shearing outer box against activity on the slide, such as 3.Wherein
One through-hole can face the loading bench of activity shearing outer box, and second cuts to driving mechanism and can penetrate one of through-hole
(such as being located in the middle that in 3 through-holes) cuts directly to activity shearing outer box offer to power.Other 2 holes are for connecting the
Two sliding rails.
It may be provided at least one slideway for running through slide seat body on slide, it is preferable that can be there are two slideway, the axis of slideway
Line can be vertical with the axis of through-hole.First sliding rail may pass through slideway.
The schematic diagram of free smooth structure as shown in Figure 9, activity shearing outer box can be free to slide along the second sliding rail, and
Second sliding rail is only capable of translating along the first sliding rail under the constraint of slide；Because the first sliding rail and the second sliding rail are mutual in the horizontal plane
Vertically, therefore activity shearing outer box can cannot generate rotation, fixed counter-force seat in shear surface (such as horizontal plane) interior translational motion
It can be integral by slide and the fixation of the second sliding rail.
The rigid frame may also include the load skid beam connecting with the first sliding rail both ends, and the quantity for loading skid beam can be 2
It is a.Loading skid beam can be to be I-shaped, and both ends may be provided with through-hole.Fig. 8 shows the structural schematic diagram of load skid beam of the invention,
Wherein, (a) figure is the schematic diagram for loading skid beam, and (b) figure is front view, and (c) figure is left view.
First sliding rail may pass through the through-hole in load skid beam, and load skid beam can be free to slide along the first sliding rail, and first cuts
Driving force can be indirectly applied on the loading bench that outer box are sheared in activity by load crossbeam to driving mechanism, load skid beam
Effect is to transmit first to cut thrust to driving mechanism, load skid beam and again shears thrust to slide and activity in outer box.
Under load skid beam effect horizontal displacement integrally occurs for slide, the second sliding rail, movable cut part and the second joint samples in this way.
Of the invention cutting to shearing force of the driving mechanism to activity shearing outer box may include two kinds：
The first, it is by fixing component that slide and the fixation of the second sliding rail is integral, on the table top of third and fourth loading bench
One group of electro-hydraulic servo driver is set, when activity shearing outer box are subjected to displacement, second cuts to follow to driving mechanism and is subjected to displacement,
Remain that second cuts the loading bench to the loading end alignment activity of driving mechanism shearing outer box.
Second, driving force is applied to indirectly by load skid beam (i.e. first and second on the loading bench of activity shearing outer box
Loading bench), and skid beam is loaded under the limitation of frame sliding rail, it is only capable of allowing direction to move and add and subtract pressure along frame sliding rail.For example, meter
Calculation machine can add and subtract the thrust and deformation of two opposite electro-hydraulic servo drivers according to programming, to loading force and be deformed into
What experiment needed.The first second way is to work simultaneously.
In the present embodiment, driving mechanism of the invention can movable cut part all around and top is generated towards living
The driving force of dynamic cut part.The driving force of the free straight snips system of rock joint is provided by driving mechanism, and driving mechanism is capable of providing
Normal direction driving force and horizontal actuator force；Wherein, horizontal actuator force may include the power in multiple groups direction, such as two groups of vertical horizontal drives
Power, i.e., the described driving mechanism can activity shearing outer box all around and top generate towards activity shearing outer box driving
Power.
In the present embodiment, system of the invention can mating 5 sets of independent driving mechanisms, such as electrohydraulic servo system (
Referred to as electro-hydraulic servo driver), mainly there are three parts to constitute for electrohydraulic servo system：Hydraulic power source, electrohydraulic servo valve, hydraulic execution
Mechanism, wherein electrohydraulic servo valve has the characteristics that sensitivity, control precision are high.The power of electrohydraulic servo-driving system can derive from
Respective matched independent hydraulically controlled source (also referred to as hydraulic pump), hydraulic power source are capable of providing flow and pressure, and the control of flow and pressure
System is by the electrohydraulic servo valve on testing machine (the free straight snips system of rock joint i.e. of the invention) electro-hydraulic servo driver according to meter
Machine control signal is calculated to be controlled.
In the present embodiment, normal direction driving mechanism may include an electro-hydraulic servo driver, and first cut can to driving mechanism
Including two opposite electro-hydraulic servo drivers, second to cut also include two opposite electro-hydraulic servo drivers to driving mechanism.
Other than hydraulic execution structure, electrohydraulic servo valve and matched hydraulic power source, each electro-hydraulic servo driver, which may also include, to be removed
Data sampling sensor.The system also includes computer and sensor, sensor can acquire the axis of electro-hydraulic servo driver
Power size and stroke simultaneously pass to computer system, are analyzed by computer and are handled, and export corresponding control signal, described
Electro-hydraulic servo driver can adjust the pressure and flow velocity of the hydraulic oil in hydraulic power source by control signal, to control electro-hydraulic
The behavior of servo-driver.
For example, driving mechanism can be electro-hydraulic servo driver, electro-hydraulic servo driver includes loading end.As shown in Figure 10,
In settable one electro-hydraulic servo driver acted on ball plate of normal orientation, the normal direction of the electro-hydraulic servo driver liquid adds
It carries end to fall on ball plate, ball plate ensure that can relatively freely between activity shearing outer box and normal direction electro-hydraulic servo driver
Level is slided and can transmit normal force；4 electro-hydraulic servo drivers are set in the horizontal direction, and opposite two-by-two, it is adjacent
Two angles are 90 degree, and horizontal shear force can be generated by two groups of opposed electro-hydraulic servo drivers, since outer box, work are sheared in activity
Dynamic shearing inner box can move freely in the horizontal plane with upper rock joint sample block, it is therefore necessary to ensure in experimentation
The horizontal shear force of application will not because of shearing displacement and fail.
Figure 11 shows the schematic diagram of rigid frame, and the main structure of rigid frame may include four columns, connect relatively
The cross coupling of column top connects the cross seat, frame sliding rail (i.e. the first sliding rail), slide of column bottom end relatively and unloads model machine structure
Deng.Wherein, cross coupling is in X-shaped, and cross seat is also in X-shaped, may be provided with through-hole on cross coupling, so that normal direction driving mechanism is direct
It acts on ball plate, unloading model machine structure may be provided on cross seat, can also be connected with crossbeam between column, be may also set up on crossbeam
There is through-hole, as electro-hydraulic servo driver fixed connection place, this also can guarantee the larger situation of frame stiffness, optimize weight.
The free straight snips system in stone joint of the invention is rigid servo testing machine, can obtain rock joint sample whole process
Stress-deformation curve.
Figure 12 shows the schematic diagram of the free straight snips system of rock joint after assembling.System can be controlled by power with deformation
Loading procedure processed.
In the present embodiment, the system may also include sensor and computer, and the sensor being capable of real-time acquisition method
The activation bit that at least one is cut into driving mechanism to driving mechanism and second, the computer are cut to driving mechanism, first
The activation bit of acquisition can be analyzed and processed, the test number such as stress, deformation, rate of deformation, deformation rigidity can be obtained
According to, and according to processing result adjust the normal direction driving mechanism, first cut to driving mechanism and second cut into driving mechanism to
Few one driving behavior, wherein the activation bit includes the size of driving force, the position of driving force effect point and deformation
Rate etc..Wherein, driving force effect point is the point that driving mechanism is contacted with driven object.Feedback regulation driving mechanism being capable of basis
The processing result exports control signal to driving mechanism, and driving mechanism adjusts the size of driving force according to control signal, with
And the position of driving force effect point.
In carrying out experimentation, the experimental arrangement that computer can be set by experimenter issues driving signal, comes
Adjust the driving behavior of at least one driving mechanism.
The feedback information of sensor can be used to constantly monitoring instrument (i.e. driving mechanism) working condition, while will collect
Data pass to computer, the data of acquisition are stored in the storage of computer as experimental data after computer disposal
In device or carry out display processing.Minimum 50~100 μ s in data sampling time interval, electrohydraulic servo valve response frequency can be 300
~500Hz, to guarantee the accurate and effective of experimentation.
Computer analysis processing the step of may include：It is handled by collected information, and by computer settings
Experimental arrangement makes corresponding reaction, control signal needed for output experiment.Meanwhile also can will treated information as real
It tests result data and carries out archive or display processing.
Figure 13 shows a schematic diagram of the free straight snips system of rock joint of the invention Yu its control system；Wherein,
Control system may include computer system.The driving mechanism may include 5 electro-hydraulic servo drivers, an electro-hydraulic servo driving
Device can generate normal direction driving force to upper shear box, and in addition 4 electro-hydraulic servo drivers generate four horizontal drives to upper shear box
Power, in addition to hydraulic execution structure, electrohydraulic servo valve and hydraulic power source, each electro-hydraulic servo driver can also may include data acquisition
Sensor, the system also includes computer (or computer system), data sampling sensor can acquire electro-hydraulic servo driving
The axle power size and stroke of device simultaneously pass to computer system, are analyzed by computer and are handled, and output phase should control letter
Number, electro-hydraulic servo driver can be received control signal after computer is issued and converted by servo valve and be controlled with this
The pressure and flow velocity of hydraulic oil, to control the behavior of electro-hydraulic servo driver.
In other words, the free straight snips system of rock joint has 5 electro-hydraulic servo drivers as load power, therefore each
Electro-hydraulic servo driver all data sampling sensor, hydraulic execution structure, electrohydraulic servo valve and hydraulic power source, data sampling sensor
The axle power size of electro-hydraulic servo driver and stroke can be passed to computer system by data collector, by computer into
Row analysis and processing, and export corresponding control signal.The control signal that computer provides is by the hydraulic of electro-hydraulic servo driver
Control system is interpreted, come pressure and the flow velocity etc. for controlling the hydraulic oil in hydraulic power source, to control the row of electro-hydraulic servo driver
For.
In the present embodiment, wherein movable cut part and fixed shear portion all can be two parts up and down of shear box, shearing
Box can be the double-deck box set,
Shear box can be divided into shear box and lower shear box, and movable cut part can be upper shear box, and fixed shear portion can be
Lower shear box；
Alternatively, shear box can be divided into interior shear box and outer shear box, wherein
The interior shear box can be the double-deck box set for including upper interior shear box and lower interior shear box, upper interior shear box be open to
The lower and cavity including that can accommodate part in joint samples, the cavity can limit in joint samples partially in upper interior shear box
It inside rotates or moves；Shear box opening upwards and the cavity including part under joint samples can be accommodated, the cavity in lower
Part under joint samples can be limited to rotate or move in lower interior shear box；When joint samples are placed in interior shear box
When, the gap between interior shear box opening is greater than the gap between described two joint planes above and below, and interior shear box drives in normal direction
Under the action of power, the joint plane closure deformation of joint samples top and the bottom can be made.
The outer shear box includes the upper outer shear box and lower outer shear box that all can be hollow structure, and upper outer shear box includes
The cavity of interior shear box part box body can be accommodated, which can limit interior shear box and occur to turn in upper outer shear box
It is dynamic or mobile；Lower outer shear box includes the cavity that can accommodate lower interior shear box whole box body, which can limit cuts in lower
Box is cut to rotate or move in lower outer shear box；When the interior shear box is placed in outer shear box, the upper outer shearing
Box and lower outer shear box are in contact, and have a certain distance between upper interior shear box and lower interior shear box, i.e., lower outer shear box
Top is higher than the bottom of upper interior shear box, and the bottom of upper interior shear box is higher than the bottom of upper outer shear box.
In other words, upper shear box (i.e. movable cut part) may include that upper interior shear box and activity are sheared two layers of outer box, under
Shear box (i.e. fixed shear portion) includes lower interior shear box and lower outer shear box.
The main feature of the free straight snips system of rock joint of the invention includes：
It is whole during the experiment to be automatically controlled by computer program, it can be achieved that automatic data acquisition and processing, and can
To there is artificial Intervention trial process at any time.
System of the invention can mating 5 sets of independent electrohydraulic servo systems (also referred to as electro-hydraulic servo driver), wherein four
Set electrohydraulic servo system is oppositely arranged on horizontal plane two-by-two, and it is two neighboring between angle be 90 degree, be capable of providing two groups
It is the orthogonal shearing force of horizontal direction, shear-deformable；Another set of electrohydraulic servo system is capable of providing the method perpendicular to horizontal plane
To pressure, normal deformation.The control mode of the electrohydraulic servo system can be divided into strain (deformation) control or Stress Control.
The elastic deformation energy of rigid frame storage very little of the invention, therefore can be realized implosion test.
The free straight snips system of rock joint of the invention can be used as free shear joint testing machine, due to deformation mostly from
Rich with loading system by spending, there are many experiment type that the free straight snips system of rock joint of the invention can be done, such as
Traditional experiment rock joint is closed loading experiment, joint direct shearing test, joint cyclic loading and unloading experiment etc..However, as setting
Original intention is counted, enumerates several typical experimental examples, here to illustrate design idea and value of the invention.
Figure 14,15,16 show some experiment effects that can be realized using the free straight snips system of rock joint of the present invention.
In rock mass dynamics, the components of stress on joint plane are all dynamic changes at any time, by signal analyze in Fu
In leaf transformation principle it can be concluded that deformation or stress in three mutually orthogonal directions is in elliptical orbit in rectangular coordinate system；
Therefore it is very necessary for studying rock joint mechanical property under complicated dynamic stress, such as：As shown in figure 14, on joint plane
Two shear stress components all show as same frequency and write a Chinese character in simplified form vibration, and it is spiral shell if plus time shaft that coordinate points, which are elliptical orbit,
Spin line track.And phase, angular frequency, amplitude size are control variable, the degeneration and mechanical property to rise and fall to rock joint
Variation have close influence.Similar, corresponding experiment purpose can also be reached by control joint component of shear deformation.
For another example, some in the rock power problem for facing the sky scope of freedom, the relatively independent block separated with basement rock exists
The lower displacement that can occur to free face of power effect, therefore the deformation locus of structural plane upper stress may similar " snake " shape curve.
Therefore, we can study corresponding phenomenon and rule by applying sinusoidal shear stress rule to joint samples.Figure 15 is shown
It realizes and shows in certain constant normal stress with what the unidirectional shearing force simple harmonic oscillation under shear stress (i.e. shearing force) load loaded
It is intended to, wherein (a) figure is with the stress diagram on the sliding surface of plane sliding failure type side slope, stressed effect is such as schemed as shown in figure b
Shown in 15, plane failure can be similar one in the parallel stress curve moved towards on direction under dynamic loading, on main sliding face
" snake " shape curve of sinusoidal horizontal shear under fixed horizontal normal stress and downslide stress.
In past research, many documents show joint Undulating angle, shearing strength, shear-deformable stiffness coefficient with
Direction is varied and is distributed；For there is the case where predominant direction, it usually can simplify and be distributed for ellipse, such as Figure 16 institute
Show, wherein (a) figure is the distribution for testing certain mechanical properties at preceding joint on direction in space, it is assumed here that for ellipse
Distribution, (b) figure is distribution of the joint response mechanical property on direction (carried out by this testing machine) after the certain load history of experience
State, wherein ψ is the deflection of joint plane, and the distribution parameter in (a) figure is (Ra,Rb,βd,eell), wherein RaFor long axis half
Diameter, RbFor minor axis radius, βdFor deflection, eellFor eccentricity, horizontal axis is expressed asWherein, θ (ψ)
For the Undulating angle of joint plane, ks(ψ) is joint deformation rigidity,For the angle of friction at joint, (a) figure passes through [τx(t),τy(t),σz
(t)]T[δ ux(t),δuy(t),δuz(t)]TChange available (b) figure, wherein [τx(t),τy(t),σz(t)]TAnd it is wherein each
The meaning of parameter is joint plane upper stress component, [δ ux(t),δuy(t),δuz(t)]TAnd wherein the implication of each parameter is joint planes
Relative deformation, after variation, (b) distribution parameter of figure be (R'a,R'b,β'd,e'ell), wherein R'aFor the long axis after load
Radius, R'bFor minor axis radius after load, β 'dFor the deflection after load, e'ellFor the eccentricity after load.Joint is in experience one
After fixed plus uninstall process and deformation history, the anisotropy of joint plane can generate certain variation, such as：It is predominant direction, each
The Parameters variations such as anisotropy degree.And the free straight snips system of rock joint of the invention can show huge dive in this experiment
Power and advantage.Obviously, purposes of the invention is with limiting to foregoing description, and the contact mechanics behavior for studying solid is ground
Study carefully, is with a wide range of applications.
Another aspect of the present invention provides a kind of free straight snips method of rock joint, and the method can pass through above-mentioned rock
Stone joint free straight snips system carries out rock joint straight snips, wherein joint samples are flat in the two degrees of freedom of horizontal any direction
Shifting movement will not generate the relative rotation deformation between two joint samples, will not generate sample relative to the rotation of instrument.
In conclusion beneficial effect of the present invention includes：The free straight snips system of rock joint of the invention is able to carry out a variety of
Rock joint shear experiment, and can be good at showing the side that rock joint adds unloading to act on the lower certain properties in joint in an experiment
To characteristic.
Although those skilled in the art should be clear above by combining exemplary embodiment to describe the present invention
Chu can carry out exemplary embodiment of the present invention each without departing from the spirit and scope defined by the claims
Kind modifications and changes.
Claims (10)
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| CN114324010A (en) * | 2022-03-09 | 2022-04-12 | 西南交通大学 | Multi-directional dynamic shear mechanics test system for rock mass structural plane based on shaking table principle |
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