CN108894965B - Feedwater pump control system - Google Patents
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
- F04B49/00—Control, e.g. of pump delivery, or pump pressure of, or safety measures for, machines, pumps, or pumping installations, not otherwise provided for, or of interest apart from, groups F04B1/00 - F04B47/00
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种给水泵控制系统，其特征在于，该系统包括：汽轮机、给水泵、变频发电机、变频器和汽源切换器；汽源切换器用于在给水泵控制系统的启动阶段使汽轮机从辅助汽源进汽，以及用于在给水泵控制系统的工作阶段使汽轮机从主汽源进汽；汽轮机的轴连接给水泵的轴的一端，给水泵的轴的另一端和变频发电机的轴连接，形成轴系；汽轮机用于驱动给水泵，给水泵用于牵引变频发电机发电；变频器与变频发电机连接，用于控制变频发电机的发电功率，以控制轴系的转速。该技术方案相较于在给水泵启动过程中采用电动方式可以节约大量能源，又能够在整个过程中实现对给水泵转速的稳定、快速、精确、连续控制，一套系统实现了多个有益效果。
The present invention discloses a feedwater pump control system, characterized in that the system includes: a steam turbine, a feedwater pump, a variable frequency generator, a frequency converter and a steam source switcher; the steam source switcher is used to allow the steam turbine to take in steam from an auxiliary steam source during the startup phase of the feedwater pump control system, and is used to allow the steam turbine to take in steam from a main steam source during the working phase of the feedwater pump control system; the shaft of the steam turbine is connected to one end of the shaft of the feedwater pump, and the other end of the shaft of the feedwater pump is connected to the shaft of the variable frequency generator to form a shaft system; the steam turbine is used to drive the feedwater pump, and the feedwater pump is used to pull the variable frequency generator to generate electricity; the frequency converter is connected to the variable frequency generator, and is used to control the power generation of the variable frequency generator to control the speed of the shaft system. Compared with the use of electric means during the start-up process of the feedwater pump, this technical solution can save a lot of energy, and can also achieve stable, fast, accurate and continuous control of the speed of the feedwater pump in the whole process, and a set of systems achieves multiple beneficial effects.
Description
技术领域Technical Field
本发明涉及给水泵领域，具体涉及给水泵控制系统。The present invention relates to the field of water supply pumps, and in particular to a water supply pump control system.
背景技术Background Art
给水泵用于为锅炉供水，常见的拖动方式包括汽动(汽轮机驱动)和电动(电动机驱动)，其中，大型机组的给水泵一般采用汽动，例如在热电厂中，采用汽动方式较电动方式能有效降低发电煤耗及厂用电率、提高发电效率。然而，在给水泵的启动过程中往往采用电动而非汽动，这样就还是存在能源损失的问题。Feed pumps are used to supply water to boilers. Common driving modes include steam-driven (steam turbine driven) and electric (motor driven). Among them, feed pumps for large units are generally steam-driven. For example, in thermal power plants, steam-driven can effectively reduce coal consumption and plant power consumption, and improve power generation efficiency compared to electric-driven. However, electric rather than steam-driven is often used during the start-up process of feed pumps, so there is still the problem of energy loss.
发明内容Summary of the invention
鉴于上述问题，提出了本发明以便提供一种克服上述问题或者至少部分地解决上述问题的给水泵控制系统。In view of the above problems, the present invention is proposed to provide a water supply pump control system that overcomes the above problems or at least partially solves the above problems.
依据本发明的一个方面，提供了一种给水泵控制系统，包括：According to one aspect of the present invention, a water supply pump control system is provided, comprising:
汽轮机、给水泵、变频发电机、变频器和汽源切换器；Steam turbine, feedwater pump, variable frequency generator, inverter and steam source switch;
所述汽源切换器用于在所述给水泵控制系统的启动阶段使所述汽轮机从辅助汽源进汽，以及用于在所述给水泵控制系统的工作阶段使所述汽轮机从主汽源进汽；The steam source switch is used to allow the steam turbine to take in steam from the auxiliary steam source during the startup phase of the feedwater pump control system, and is used to allow the steam turbine to take in steam from the main steam source during the operation phase of the feedwater pump control system;
所述汽轮机的轴连接所述给水泵的轴的一端，所述给水泵的轴的另一端和所述变频发电机的轴连接，形成轴系；所述汽轮机包括一个进汽门，该进汽门用于连接所述主汽源或所述辅助汽源；或者，所述汽轮机包括两个进汽门，分别用于连接所述主汽源和所述辅助汽源；The shaft of the steam turbine is connected to one end of the shaft of the feed water pump, and the other end of the shaft of the feed water pump is connected to the shaft of the variable frequency generator to form a shaft system; the steam turbine includes a steam inlet valve, which is used to connect the main steam source or the auxiliary steam source; or the steam turbine includes two steam inlet valves, which are used to connect the main steam source and the auxiliary steam source respectively;
所述汽轮机用于驱动所述给水泵，所述给水泵用于牵引所述变频发电机发电；The steam turbine is used to drive the feed water pump, and the feed water pump is used to drive the variable frequency generator to generate electricity;
所述变频器与所述变频发电机连接，用于控制所述变频发电机的发电功率，以控制所述轴系的转速。The frequency converter is connected to the variable frequency generator and is used to control the power generation of the variable frequency generator so as to control the rotation speed of the shaft system.
可选地，所述汽源切换器用于在所述给水泵控制系统启动后，确定所述给水泵控制系统进入启动阶段；以及用于在所述启动阶段，采集所述主汽源的蒸汽抽汽压力和蒸汽抽汽温度，根据采集的蒸汽抽汽压力和蒸汽抽汽温度判断是否满足相应的预设阈值；若均满足，则确定所述给水泵控制系统进入工作阶段。Optionally, the steam source switch is used to determine that the feed water pump control system enters the startup phase after the feed water pump control system is started; and is used to collect the steam extraction pressure and steam extraction temperature of the main steam source during the startup phase, and determine whether the corresponding preset thresholds are met based on the collected steam extraction pressure and steam extraction temperature; if both are met, it is determined that the feed water pump control system enters the working phase.
可选地，该系统还包括控制器；Optionally, the system further comprises a controller;
所述控制器与所述变频器连接，用于向所述变频器输出目标轴系转速；The controller is connected to the frequency converter and is used to output a target shaft system speed to the frequency converter;
所述变频器用于根据所述目标轴系转速更改所述变频发电机的转速。The frequency converter is used to change the rotation speed of the variable frequency generator according to the target shaft system rotation speed.
可选地，所述控制器还与所述汽轮机连接；Optionally, the controller is also connected to the steam turbine;
所述变频器还用于在变频发电机的发电功率达到预设阈值时，向所述控制器反馈报警信号；The frequency converter is also used to feed back an alarm signal to the controller when the power generated by the frequency conversion generator reaches a preset threshold;
所述控制器还用于根据接收到的反馈报警信号调节所述汽轮机的进汽参数。The controller is also used to adjust the steam inlet parameters of the steam turbine according to the received feedback alarm signal.
可选地，所述变频器为采用功率单元串联拓扑结构的四象限变频器。Optionally, the frequency converter is a four-quadrant frequency converter adopting a power unit series topology structure.
可选地，所述四象限变频器包括三相移相变压器；Optionally, the four-quadrant frequency converter comprises a three-phase phase-shifting transformer;
所述三相移相变压器的各副边分别连接一个功率单元。Each secondary side of the three-phase phase-shifting transformer is connected to a power unit respectively.
可选地，所述功率单元分为数量相等的三组，各组中的功率单元通过H桥逆变电路串联构成所述串联拓扑结构的一相。Optionally, the power units are divided into three groups of equal number, and the power units in each group are connected in series through an H-bridge inverter circuit to form one phase of the series topology structure.
可选地，所述系统还包括第一高压断路器和第二高压断路器；Optionally, the system further comprises a first high-voltage circuit breaker and a second high-voltage circuit breaker;
所述变频器还包括预充电装置，所述变频器的电网侧可通过所述第一高压断路器与电网连接；The frequency converter further comprises a pre-charging device, and the grid side of the frequency converter can be connected to the grid via the first high-voltage circuit breaker;
所述变频器的电机侧通过所述第二高压断路器与所述变频发电机连接。The motor side of the frequency converter is connected to the variable frequency generator through the second high-voltage circuit breaker.
可选地，所述变频器用于在所述第一高压断路器闭合时，通过所述预充电装置进行充电；以及用于在充电完成时控制所述预充电装置从电路中切除，以及向所述控制器反馈待机信号；Optionally, the frequency converter is used to charge through the pre-charging device when the first high-voltage circuit breaker is closed; and is used to control the pre-charging device to be cut off from the circuit when charging is completed, and to feed back a standby signal to the controller;
所述控制器还用于在接收到所述反馈待机信号后，向所述变频器下发启动指令；The controller is also used to send a start instruction to the frequency converter after receiving the feedback standby signal;
所述变频器还用于响应所述启动指令，控制所述第二高压断路器闭合。The frequency converter is also used to respond to the start-up instruction and control the second high-voltage circuit breaker to close.
可选地，所述第一高压断路器设置在变频器柜组的开关柜中或用户开关柜中；Optionally, the first high-voltage circuit breaker is arranged in a switch cabinet of a frequency converter cabinet group or in a user switch cabinet;
所述第二高压断路器设置在所述变频器柜组的开关柜中。The second high-voltage circuit breaker is arranged in the switch cabinet of the frequency converter cabinet group.
由上述可知，本发明的技术方案，汽轮机、给水泵和变频发电机同轴连接形成轴系，通过汽源的切换，实现通过辅助汽源驱动汽轮机，带动给水泵和变频发电机完成启动，在稳定后切换至主汽源，这一过程中可以通过变频器控制变频发动机功率以实现轴系的转速控制，实现了给水流量的稳定，切换过程平滑，在正常工作状态下也可以同样通过变频器控制变频发动机功率以实现轴系的转速控制，实现机组的稳定运转。该技术方案相较于在给水泵启动过程中采用电动方式可以节约大量能源，又能够在整个过程中实现对给水泵转速的稳定、快速、精确、连续控制，一套系统实现了多个有益效果。From the above, it can be seen that in the technical solution of the present invention, the steam turbine, feedwater pump and variable frequency generator are coaxially connected to form a shaft system. By switching the steam source, the steam turbine is driven by the auxiliary steam source, which drives the feedwater pump and the variable frequency generator to complete the startup, and then switches to the main steam source after stabilization. In this process, the frequency converter can be used to control the power of the variable frequency engine to achieve the speed control of the shaft system, thereby achieving the stability of the feedwater flow rate and a smooth switching process. Under normal working conditions, the frequency converter can also be used to control the power of the variable frequency engine to achieve the speed control of the shaft system, thereby achieving stable operation of the unit. Compared with the use of electric methods during the start-up of the feedwater pump, this technical solution can save a lot of energy, and can also achieve stable, fast, accurate and continuous control of the speed of the feedwater pump during the entire process. A set of systems achieves multiple beneficial effects.
上述说明仅是本发明技术方案的概述，为了能够更清楚了解本发明的技术手段，而可依照说明书的内容予以实施，并且为了让本发明的上述和其它目的、特征和优点能够更明显易懂，以下特举本发明的具体实施方式。The above description is only an overview of the technical solution of the present invention. In order to more clearly understand the technical means of the present invention, it can be implemented according to the contents of the specification. In order to make the above and other purposes, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and easy to understand, the specific implementation methods of the present invention are listed below.
附图说明BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
通过阅读下文优选实施方式的详细描述，各种其他的优点和益处对于本领域普通技术人员将变得清楚明了。附图仅用于示出优选实施方式的目的，而并不认为是对本发明的限制。而且在整个附图中，用相同的参考符号表示相同的部件。在附图中：Various other advantages and benefits will become apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art by reading the detailed description of the preferred embodiments below. The accompanying drawings are only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments and are not to be considered as limiting the present invention. Also, the same reference symbols are used throughout the accompanying drawings to represent the same components. In the accompanying drawings:
图1示出了根据本发明一个实施例的一种给水泵控制系统的结构示意图；FIG1 shows a schematic structural diagram of a water supply pump control system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
图2示出了根据本发明一个实施例的一种四象限变频器的结构示意图。FIG2 shows a schematic structural diagram of a four-quadrant frequency converter according to an embodiment of the present invention.
具体实施方式DETAILED DESCRIPTION
下面将参照附图更详细地描述本公开的示例性实施例。虽然附图中显示了本公开的示例性实施例，然而应当理解，可以以各种形式实现本公开而不应被这里阐述的实施例所限制。相反，提供这些实施例是为了能够更透彻地理解本公开，并且能够将本公开的范围完整的传达给本领域的技术人员。The exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Although the exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure are shown in the accompanying drawings, it should be understood that the present disclosure can be implemented in various forms and should not be limited by the embodiments set forth herein. On the contrary, these embodiments are provided in order to enable a more thorough understanding of the present disclosure and to fully convey the scope of the present disclosure to those skilled in the art.
汽动方式的优势明显，而在启动过程中却通常采用电动，是因为汽动方式往往使用锅炉产生的高温高压蒸汽，在启动阶段锅炉的蒸汽不能满足汽轮机的正常启动，因此并不适合启动过程。如果在启动过程中采用其他汽源，又会产生汽源切换所带来的给水流量波动大的问题，需要快速、稳定低调节给水泵转速。具体来说，启动过程中所需给水流量较小、变化较大，而传统的给水泵调速方式下，汽动给水泵转速调节范围小，仅适合在高速小范围内调节。因而需要调节给水管道调节阀，以节流的方式调节给水流量，带来的问题是节流的损失较大，尤其是泵的余量越大，损失就越大。The advantages of the steam-driven method are obvious, but electric power is usually used during the startup process. This is because the steam-driven method often uses high-temperature and high-pressure steam generated by the boiler. During the startup phase, the steam from the boiler cannot meet the normal startup of the turbine, so it is not suitable for the startup process. If other steam sources are used during the startup process, the problem of large fluctuations in the feed water flow caused by the switching of the steam source will arise, and the speed of the feed water pump needs to be adjusted quickly, stably and at a low speed. Specifically, the required feed water flow during the startup process is small and varies greatly, while under the traditional feed water pump speed regulation method, the speed adjustment range of the steam-driven feed water pump is small and is only suitable for adjustment within a small range at high speed. Therefore, it is necessary to adjust the feed water pipeline regulating valve to adjust the feed water flow in a throttling manner. The problem is that the throttling loss is large, especially the larger the pump margin, the greater the loss.
因此，本发明的技术构思在于：增加一套变频发电系统以调节给水泵转速，克服选用汽动方式启动带来的调速难以控制的问题。Therefore, the technical concept of the present invention is to add a variable frequency power generation system to adjust the speed of the water supply pump, so as to overcome the problem that the speed regulation is difficult to control when starting by steam.
图1示出了根据本发明一个实施例的一种给水泵控制系统的结构示意图。如图1所示，给水泵控制系统100包括：FIG1 shows a schematic diagram of a water supply pump control system according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG1 , the water supply pump control system 100 includes:
汽轮机110、给水泵120、变频发电机130、变频器140和汽源切换器150。The steam turbine 110 , the feed water pump 120 , the variable frequency generator 130 , the inverter 140 and the steam source switch 150 .
汽源切换器150用于在给水泵控制系统的启动阶段使汽轮机110从辅助汽源进汽，以及用于在给水泵控制系统的工作阶段使汽轮机110从主汽源进汽。The steam source switch 150 is used to allow the steam turbine 110 to take in steam from the auxiliary steam source during the startup phase of the feedwater pump control system, and is used to allow the steam turbine 110 to take in steam from the main steam source during the operation phase of the feedwater pump control system.
具体来说，汽轮机110可以有两个进汽门，分别接一个汽源。或者仅有一个进汽门，通过管道控制来实现汽源切换，等等。因此在图1中以虚线示出了汽轮机110与汽源切换器150的关系。Specifically, the steam turbine 110 may have two steam inlet valves, each connected to a steam source, or only one steam inlet valve, and the steam source switching is achieved through pipeline control, etc. Therefore, the relationship between the steam turbine 110 and the steam source switch 150 is shown by a dotted line in FIG1 .
汽轮机110的轴连接给水泵120的轴的一端，给水泵120的轴的另一端和变频发电机130的轴连接，形成轴系。The shaft of the steam turbine 110 is connected to one end of the shaft of the feed water pump 120 , and the other end of the shaft of the feed water pump 120 is connected to the shaft of the variable frequency generator 130 , forming a shaft system.
汽轮机110用于驱动给水泵120，给水泵120用于牵引变频发电机130发电。The steam turbine 110 is used to drive the feed water pump 120 , and the feed water pump 120 is used to drive the variable frequency generator 130 to generate electricity.
变频器140与变频发电机130连接，用于控制变频发电机130的发电功率，以控制轴系的转速。The frequency converter 140 is connected to the variable frequency generator 130 and is used to control the power generated by the variable frequency generator 130 to control the rotation speed of the shaft system.
具体原理如下：The specific principles are as follows:
能量随蒸汽进入给水泵控制系统，沿轴传递给给水泵和变频发电机，驱动转矩为汽轮机的转矩T汽，阻力转矩由给水泵的工作转矩T泵和变频发电机的工作转矩T发两部分组成。通过改变以上三个转矩的大小即可对此轴系进行调速控制。Energy enters the feedwater pump control system along with steam and is transmitted to the feedwater pump and variable frequency generator along the shaft. The driving torque is the torque of the steam turbine Tsteam , and the resistance torque is composed of the working torque of the feedwater pump Tpump and the working torque of the variable frequency generator Tfa . By changing the size of the above three torques, the speed of this shaft system can be controlled.
1)当T汽＝T泵+T发时，轴系工作转速稳定；1) When T steam = T pump + T generator , the shaft system operating speed is stable;
2)当T汽>T泵+T发时，轴系工作转速上升。2) When Tsteam > Tpump +Tgen, the shaft system operating speed increases.
通过变频器提高发电机端电压频率则T发减小，轴系转速上升，T泵增大，最终达到新的平衡，实现给水泵转速变化，也就改变了给水流量，满足实际生产的需求。By increasing the generator terminal voltage frequency through the frequency converter, Tfa decreases , the shaft speed increases, and Tpump increases, eventually reaching a new balance, realizing the change of the water supply pump speed, thereby changing the water supply flow rate to meet the actual production needs.
可见，图1所示的系统，汽轮机、给水泵和变频发电机同轴连接形成轴系，通过汽源的切换，实现通过辅助汽源驱动汽轮机，带动给水泵和变频发电机完成启动，在稳定后切换至主汽源，这一过程中可以通过变频器控制变频发动机功率以实现轴系的转速控制，实现了给水流量的稳定，切换过程平滑，在正常工作状态下也可以同样通过变频器控制变频发动机功率以实现轴系的转速控制，实现机组的稳定运转。该技术方案相较于在给水泵启动过程中采用电动方式可以节约大量能源，又能够在整个过程中实现对给水泵转速的稳定、快速、精确、连续控制，一套系统实现了多个有益效果。It can be seen that in the system shown in Figure 1, the steam turbine, feedwater pump and variable frequency generator are coaxially connected to form a shaft system. By switching the steam source, the steam turbine is driven by the auxiliary steam source, which drives the feedwater pump and variable frequency generator to complete the startup, and then switches to the main steam source after stabilization. In this process, the frequency converter can be used to control the power of the variable frequency engine to achieve the speed control of the shaft system, achieving the stability of the feedwater flow rate and a smooth switching process. Under normal working conditions, the frequency converter can also be used to control the power of the variable frequency engine to achieve the speed control of the shaft system, achieving stable operation of the unit. Compared with the use of electric methods during the start-up of the feedwater pump, this technical solution can save a lot of energy, and can also achieve stable, fast, accurate and continuous control of the speed of the feedwater pump throughout the process. A set of systems achieves multiple beneficial effects.
在本发明的一个实施例中，上述系统中，汽源切换器150用于在给水泵控制系统启动后，确定给水泵控制系统进入启动阶段；以及用于在启动阶段，采集主汽源的蒸汽抽汽压力和蒸汽抽汽温度，根据采集的蒸汽抽汽压力和蒸汽抽汽温度判断是否满足相应的预设阈值；若均满足，则确定给水泵控制系统进入工作阶段。In one embodiment of the present invention, in the above system, the steam source switch 150 is used to determine that the feed water pump control system enters the startup phase after the feed water pump control system is started; and is used to collect the steam extraction pressure and steam extraction temperature of the main steam source during the startup phase, and determine whether the corresponding preset thresholds are met based on the collected steam extraction pressure and steam extraction temperature; if both are met, it is determined that the feed water pump control system enters the working phase.
在本实施例中，是通过蒸汽的压力和温度两个指标来判断是否满足了正常工作状态下的标准，均满足后，则实现启动阶段到工作阶段的切换。In this embodiment, the steam pressure and temperature are used to determine whether the standards under normal working conditions are met. If both are met, the switch from the startup phase to the working phase is achieved.
在本发明的一个实施例中，上述系统中，该系统还包括控制器(图未示)；控制器与变频器140连接，用于向变频器140输出目标轴系转速；变频器140用于根据目标轴系转速更改变频发电机130的转速。In one embodiment of the present invention, in the above system, the system also includes a controller (not shown); the controller is connected to the frequency converter 140 and is used to output the target shaft system speed to the frequency converter 140; the frequency converter 140 is used to change the speed of the frequency converter 130 according to the target shaft system speed.
控制器和变频器140之间可以通过光纤连接。例如变频器140接收到目标轴系转速F1，获知当前变频发电机130的转速为F2，则根据F1和F2计算出输出频率和变频发电机发电功率，实现控制。当轴系转速与F1基本一致后微调变频器输出频率使轴系转速稳定，保持变频器输出频率和变频发电机发电功率，使给水泵转速保持在目标轴系转速。The controller and the frequency converter 140 can be connected via an optical fiber. For example, when the frequency converter 140 receives the target shaft speed F1 and learns that the current speed of the variable frequency generator 130 is F2, the output frequency and the power generated by the variable frequency generator are calculated based on F1 and F2 to achieve control. When the shaft speed is basically consistent with F1, the frequency converter output frequency is fine-tuned to stabilize the shaft speed, maintain the frequency converter output frequency and the power generated by the variable frequency generator, and keep the feedwater pump speed at the target shaft speed.
当然，在实际过程中也可能出现通过变频发电机无法控制给水泵转速在目标值，此时可以通过调节汽轮机来实现控制，即在本发明的一个实施例中，上述系统中，控制器还与汽轮机110连接；变频器140还用于在变频发电机130的发电功率达到预设阈值时，向控制器反馈报警信号；控制器还用于根据接收到的反馈报警信号调节汽轮机110的进汽参数。Of course, in the actual process, it may happen that the speed of the feed water pump cannot be controlled at the target value through the variable frequency generator. In this case, control can be achieved by adjusting the steam turbine. That is, in one embodiment of the present invention, in the above system, the controller is also connected to the steam turbine 110; the frequency converter 140 is also used to feedback an alarm signal to the controller when the power generation power of the variable frequency generator 130 reaches a preset threshold; the controller is also used to adjust the steam inlet parameters of the steam turbine 110 according to the received feedback alarm signal.
例如，当运行过程中发电功率过大(高于某一设定值，如90％额定功率)，变频器反馈“发电功率超限”的报警信号给控制器，控制器接收到变频器反馈的这一报警信号后，调节汽轮机进气参数(例如调小调门开度)，介入给水泵转速调节过程，稳定系统运行；若运行过程中发电功率过小(低于某一设定值，如10％额定功率)，变频器反馈“发电功率低”的报警信号给控制器，控制器接收到变频器反馈的这一报警信号后，调节汽轮机进气参数(例如调大调门开度)，介入给水泵转速调节过程，避免系统从电网吸收功率，同时稳定系统运行。For example, when the power generation during operation is too large (higher than a certain set value, such as 90% of the rated power), the inverter feeds back an alarm signal of "power generation exceeding limit" to the controller. After receiving the alarm signal fed back by the inverter, the controller adjusts the turbine air intake parameters (such as reducing the valve opening), intervenes in the feed water pump speed adjustment process, and stabilizes the system operation. If the power generation during operation is too small (lower than a certain set value, such as 10% of the rated power), the inverter feeds back an alarm signal of "power generation low" to the controller. After receiving the alarm signal fed back by the inverter, the controller adjusts the turbine air intake parameters (such as increasing the valve opening), intervenes in the feed water pump speed adjustment process, avoids the system absorbing power from the power grid, and stabilizes the system operation.
在本发明的一个实施例中，上述系统中，变频器140为采用功率单元串联拓扑结构的四象限变频器。In one embodiment of the present invention, in the above system, the inverter 140 is a four-quadrant inverter with a power unit series topology structure.
目前，变频器的拓扑结构有很多，但是经过实践验证，功率单元串联拓扑结构在谐波抑制、器件成熟度、控制技术成熟度等方面相较其他拓扑结构都具有优势，因此在本实施例中变频器140为采用功率单元串联拓扑结构的四象限变频器。At present, there are many topological structures of frequency converters, but it has been verified in practice that the power unit series topological structure has advantages over other topological structures in terms of harmonic suppression, device maturity, and control technology maturity. Therefore, in this embodiment, the frequency converter 140 is a four-quadrant frequency converter adopting a power unit series topological structure.
在本发明的一个实施例中，上述系统中，四象限变频器包括三相移相变压器；三相移相变压器的各副边分别连接一个功率单元。在本发明的一个实施例中，上述系统中，功率单元分为数量相等的三组，各组中的功率单元通过H桥逆变电路串联构成串联拓扑结构的一相。In one embodiment of the present invention, in the above system, the four-quadrant frequency converter includes a three-phase phase-shifting transformer; each secondary side of the three-phase phase-shifting transformer is respectively connected to a power unit. In one embodiment of the present invention, in the above system, the power units are divided into three groups of equal number, and the power units in each group are connected in series through an H-bridge inverter circuit to form one phase of a series topology structure.
图2示出了根据本发明一个实施例的一种四象限变频器的结构示意图，如图2所示，四象限变频器200包括功率单元210(在图中仅标出了功率单元A1，其余未做标识)，三相移相变压器220。其中a1、b1、c1……等为副边，各连一个功率单元A1、B1、C1……其中功率单元A1、A2……An为一组，B1、B2……Bn为一组，C1、C2……Cn为一组，形成三相。具体的H桥电路没有示出，可以采用IGBT(Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor，绝缘栅双级型晶体管)实现，例如输入侧采用IGBT模块组成三相可控整流桥，输出侧采用IGBT模块组成单相可控逆变桥。FIG2 shows a schematic diagram of the structure of a four-quadrant frequency converter according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG2 , the four-quadrant frequency converter 200 includes a power unit 210 (only the power unit A1 is marked in the figure, and the others are not marked), and a three-phase phase-shifting transformer 220. Wherein a1, b1, c1, etc. are secondary sides, each connected to a power unit A1, B1, C1, etc., wherein the power units A1, A2, ... An are a group, B1, B2, ... Bn are a group, and C1, C2, ... Cn are a group, forming three phases. The specific H-bridge circuit is not shown, and can be implemented using IGBT (Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor, insulated gate bipolar transistor), for example, the input side uses IGBT modules to form a three-phase controlled rectifier bridge, and the output side uses IGBT modules to form a single-phase controlled inverter bridge.
在本发明的一个实施例中，上述系统还包括第一高压断路器和第二高压断路器；变频器140还包括预充电装置，变频器140的电网侧可通过第一高压断路器与电网连接；变频器140的电机侧通过第二高压断路器与变频发电机130连接。预充电装置230也可以参照图2所示。In one embodiment of the present invention, the system further includes a first high-voltage circuit breaker and a second high-voltage circuit breaker; the inverter 140 further includes a pre-charging device, and the grid side of the inverter 140 can be connected to the grid through the first high-voltage circuit breaker; the motor side of the inverter 140 is connected to the variable frequency generator 130 through the second high-voltage circuit breaker. The pre-charging device 230 can also be shown in FIG. 2 .
其中，预充电装置可以包括并联的电阻和开关。在本发明的一个实施例中，上述系统中，变频器140用于在第一高压断路器闭合时，通过预充电装置进行充电；以及用于在充电完成时控制预充电装置从电路中切除，以及向控制器反馈待机信号；控制器还用于在接收到反馈待机信号后，向变频器140下发启动指令；变频器140还用于响应启动指令，控制第二高压断路器闭合。The pre-charging device may include a resistor and a switch connected in parallel. In one embodiment of the present invention, in the above system, the frequency converter 140 is used to charge through the pre-charging device when the first high-voltage circuit breaker is closed; and is used to control the pre-charging device to be cut off from the circuit when charging is completed, and to feedback a standby signal to the controller; the controller is also used to send a start instruction to the frequency converter 140 after receiving the feedback standby signal; the frequency converter 140 is also used to respond to the start instruction and control the second high-voltage circuit breaker to close.
这样，在第一高压断路器闭合时，开关断开，电阻进行阻流，进行预充电，避免上电时过电损坏变频器；变频器充电完毕后，可以闭合开关，电阻被短路，这就是所谓预充电装置从电路中切除。In this way, when the first high-voltage circuit breaker is closed, the switch is disconnected, the resistor blocks the current, and pre-charging is performed to avoid overcurrent damage to the inverter when power is turned on; after the inverter is charged, the switch can be closed and the resistor is short-circuited. This is the so-called removal of the pre-charging device from the circuit.
在本发明的一个实施例中，上述系统中，第一高压断路器设置在变频器140柜组的开关柜中或用户开关柜中；第二高压断路器设置在变频器140柜组的开关柜中。In one embodiment of the present invention, in the above system, the first high-voltage circuit breaker is arranged in the switch cabinet of the inverter 140 cabinet group or in the user switch cabinet; the second high-voltage circuit breaker is arranged in the switch cabinet of the inverter 140 cabinet group.
这样，第一高压断路器的闭合可以通过人工方式控制或变频器控制，而第二高压断路器可以由变频器自动控制，操作简单可靠。In this way, the closing of the first high-voltage circuit breaker can be controlled manually or by a frequency converter, while the closing of the second high-voltage circuit breaker can be automatically controlled by the frequency converter, which is simple and reliable to operate.
综上所述，本发明的技术方案，汽轮机、给水泵和变频发电机同轴连接形成轴系，通过汽源的切换，实现通过辅助汽源驱动汽轮机，带动给水泵和变频发电机完成启动，在稳定后切换至主汽源，这一过程中可以通过变频器控制变频发动机功率以实现轴系的转速控制，实现了给水流量的稳定，切换过程平滑，在正常工作状态下也可以同样通过变频器控制变频发动机功率以实现轴系的转速控制，实现机组的稳定运转。该技术方案相较于在给水泵启动过程中采用电动方式可以节约大量能源，又能够在整个过程中实现对给水泵转速的稳定、快速、精确、连续控制，一套系统实现了多个有益效果。In summary, in the technical solution of the present invention, the steam turbine, feedwater pump and variable frequency generator are coaxially connected to form a shaft system. By switching the steam source, the steam turbine is driven by the auxiliary steam source, which drives the feedwater pump and the variable frequency generator to start, and then switches to the main steam source after stabilization. In this process, the power of the variable frequency engine can be controlled by the frequency converter to achieve the speed control of the shaft system, which achieves the stability of the feedwater flow rate and the smooth switching process. In normal working conditions, the power of the variable frequency engine can also be controlled by the frequency converter to achieve the speed control of the shaft system, so as to achieve the stable operation of the unit. Compared with the use of electric method in the process of starting the feedwater pump, this technical solution can save a lot of energy, and can also achieve stable, fast, accurate and continuous control of the speed of the feedwater pump in the whole process. A set of systems achieves multiple beneficial effects.
以上所述，仅为本发明的具体实施方式，在本发明的上述教导下，本领域技术人员可以在上述实施例的基础上进行其他的改进或变形。本领域技术人员应该明白，上述的具体描述只是更好的解释本发明的目的，本发明的保护范围应以权利要求的保护范围为准。The above is only a specific embodiment of the present invention. Under the above teachings of the present invention, those skilled in the art can make other improvements or modifications based on the above embodiments. Those skilled in the art should understand that the above specific description is only to better explain the purpose of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention shall be based on the protection scope of the claims.
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