CN108887145A - A kind of microorganism seedling medium and the preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of microorganism seedling mediums and the preparation method and application thereof.Mainly include：The ingredients such as peat soil, vermiculite, perlite, Chicken dung, diammonium.The granular size of the seedling medium is 1-10mm, and pH value is 6.8~7.3, and conductivity is 51.5~60.4ms/cm, spore content 10⁵A/g.The institute that microorganism seedling medium of the invention is capable of providing needed for vegetable sprout term is grown is nutritious, no longer needs to nutrient solution, while can effectively prevent the diseases such as vegetable sprout term samping off, damping-off, wilt disease.The seedling medium is applied to vegetable sprout term growth and the potting of flowers growth.

Description

A kind of microbial seedling raising substrate and its preparation method and application

technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural production, and specifically relates to a seedling-raising substrate which has nutrition, air permeability, water retention and disease prevention properties, and is suitable for industrial vegetable seedling raising and flower growth period use.

Background technique

High-quality seedlings are the prerequisite for high-yield vegetables, and the substrate is the material basis for high-quality seedlings. In production, vegetable seedlings often grow slowly, or grow weakly, or die in pieces, or the formula is cumbersome, or the management is complicated. And other problems, in response to these problems, we conducted a formula screening, focusing on several key points: 1. First, the substrate must have air permeability, that is, the requirement for the porosity of the substrate. Poor air permeability of the substrate will cause aerobic microbial activity to decrease. Strong water absorption, resulting in compaction, the damage to vegetables is that the root system is difficult to root down, even if it can be rooted down, it will also cause root retting due to low oxygen content in the substrate, and eventually cause slow growth or death. 2. Nutrient elements are balanced. The growth of seedlings requires a large amount of elements and trace elements. The large elements include nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, and the trace elements include boron, iron, and zinc. A certain ratio is required to avoid the imbalance of nutrient elements, such as excessive nitrogen fertilizer. Too much, resulting in leggy growth and the formation of slender and weak seedlings. In addition, the application of chemical fertilizers will increase the salt ions in the substrate, hinder the normal water absorption of vegetable roots, and thus affect the growth of plants. In the early stage, there is "green frost" on the surface of the substrate and then develops to green "moss" , Dead seedlings aggravated in the later stage. 3. Microbial flora, some of the microorganisms in the matrix are probiotics, which play a better role in the soil and improve the growth environment of the root system, and some of them are harmful bacteria, which can cause damping-off, blight, Fusarium wilt and other soil-borne diseases cause dead seedlings and seedlings. As the planting time prolongs, the number of harmful bacteria in the substrate increases, and the probiotics cannot be supplemented, which leads to the imbalance of soil flora. 4. The pH of the substrate. The pH is very important for seed germination and growth. The optimum pH value is a neutral environment of around 7.0, which is conducive to seed germination, germination and rooting.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of seedling raising substrate suitable for vegetable seedling breeding and flower growth, and provide the best quality substrate condition for vegetable seedling growth.

To achieve the above object, the present invention discloses the following technical contents:

A kind of microbial seedling-raising substrate is characterized in that it is made up of following raw material:

Peat soil 180-200 liters

Vermiculite 50-100 liters

Perlite 1-10L

Decomposed chicken manure 1-5 liters

Diammonium 200-500 grams

Bacillus subtilis B579 0.1 billion/g;

The particle size of the seedling-raising substrate particles is 1-10 mm, the pH value is 6.8-7.3, the electrical conductivity is 51.5-60.4 ms/cm, and the spore content is 10 ⁵ /g.

The present invention further discloses a method for preparing a matrix microorganism seedling-raising matrix, which is carried out according to the following steps:

(1) Mix peat soil, vermiculite, perlite, decomposed chicken manure, and diammonium according to the above proportions;

(2) Fermentation culture of Bacillus subtilis B579, slope-triangular flask-100 liter fermenter;

(3) Centrifuge and concentrate Bacillus subtilis B579 to 109cfu/ml;

(4) Spray 500 ml of the concentrated bacterial solution evenly into (1), stir evenly, and pack into bags;

The Bacillus subtilis B579 fermentation medium is beef extract peptone solid medium (slope) and liquid medium (fermentation tank). The medium components are: beef extract 5.0g, protein jelly 10.0g, sodium chloride 5.0g, water 1000ml, adjust the pH to 7.0-7.2, and add 18g agar to the solid medium.

The detailed process of fermentation and cultivation of Bacillus subtilis B579 is as follows: Transfer the Bacillus subtilis B579 stored in the refrigerator from the inclined plane to the liquid medium in the Erlenmeyer flask, and culture it with shaking for 18 hours (rotation speed: 180r/min, temperature: 29°C), as seeds solution, and then inoculated in a 100L fermenter according to the inoculum amount of 1%, the temperature was 33°C, the liquid volume was 70ml, the rotation speed was 180r/min, the dissolved oxygen was 45%, and the incubation time was 16h.

The invention further discloses the application of the microbial seedling-raising substrate for preventing and treating damping-off and blight of vegetable crops. Among the vegetable crops are tomatoes, cucumbers, eggplants, peppers. At the same time, the invention also discloses the application of the microbial seedling-raising substrate in promoting the germination of vegetable crop seedlings. The microbial seedling-raising substrate is used for promoting potted growth of flowers. Experimental results show that the control effect of the microbial seedling-raising substrate of the present invention on damping-off disease at the seedling stage of vegetables and damping-off disease is significantly higher than that of using chemical agents alone. In addition, some flower pot experiments have been done, and the survival rate is very high and the growth is healthy.

The present invention mainly solves the nutritional conditions required for the growth of vegetable seedlings without adding soil and spraying nutrient solution. The effect of growth and prevention of seedling diseases, for this reason has investigated the conditions of Bacillus subtilis fermentation culture, etc., the final plan is peat soil, vermiculite, perlite, decomposed chicken manure, diammonium, B579, the above ingredients are proportional Mix well.

Compared with the prior art, the present invention discloses a microbial seedling-growing substrate and its preparation method and application, which have the following positive effects:

(1) The microbial seedling-growing substrate of the present invention can prevent damping-off disease, damping-off disease, and Pythium of melons and fruits of vegetables at the seedling stage.

(2) Compared with some seedling-raising substrates on the market, the microbial seedling-raising substrate of the present invention can increase the germination rate and growth amount.

(3) The microbial seedling-growing substrate of the present invention has the advantages of nutrition, air permeability, water retention, and disease prevention.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is: the microbial seedling-raising substrate cultivation tomato seedling effect; Left microbial seedling-raising substrate is to the influence of tomato seedling growth, the right microbial seedling-raising substrate is to the influence of tomato seedling plant height and root length;

Fig. 2 is -- effect of cultivating eggplant seedling with substrate of microbial seedling cultivation; The impact of left microbial seedling cultivation substrate on the growth of eggplant seedling, the influence of right microbial seedling cultivation substrate on plant height and root length of eggplant seedling;

Fig. 3 is -- the effect of cultivating capsicum seedlings with substrate of microbial seedling cultivation; The impact of left microbial seedling cultivation substrate on the growth of capsicum seedlings, the influence of right microbial seedling cultivation substrate on plant height and root length of capsicum seedlings;

Figure 4 shows the effect of cultivating four kinds of vegetable seedlings with microbial seedling substrates (the left half is this product, and the right half is commercially available seedling substrates).

Detailed ways

The present invention is described below through specific embodiments. Unless otherwise specified, the technical means used in the present invention are methods known to those skilled in the art. In addition, the embodiments should be considered as illustrative rather than limiting the scope of the invention, the spirit and scope of which is defined only by the claims. For those skilled in the art, on the premise of not departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, various changes or modifications to the material components and dosage in these embodiments also belong to the protection scope of the present invention. The peat soil, vermiculite, perlite, decomposed chicken manure, diammonium (ammonium nitrate) raw materials and reagents used in the present invention are all commercially available.

Sources of various strains used:

Example 1

7 recipe combinations:

(+ stands for containing the ingredient, - stands for not containing the ingredient)

The preparation method of substrate microorganism seedling cultivation substrate:

(1) Mix peat soil, vermiculite, perlite, decomposed chicken manure, and diammonium according to the above proportions;

(2) Fermentation culture of Bacillus subtilis B579, slope-triangular flask-100 liters fermentation tank; the detailed process of fermentation and cultivation of Bacillus subtilis B579 is as follows:

(3) Centrifuge and concentrate Bacillus subtilis B579 at a speed of -2000r/min-. Reach 109cfu/ml;

(4) Spray 500 ml of the concentrated bacterial solution evenly into (1), stir evenly, and pack into bags;

The Bacillus subtilis B579 fermentation medium is beef extract peptone solid medium (slope) and liquid medium (fermentation tank). The medium components are: beef extract 5.0g, protein jelly 10.0g, sodium chloride 5.0g, water 1000ml, adjust the pH to 7.0-7.2, and add 18g agar to the solid medium.

Example 2

According to the principle of balance of air permeability, water retention and nutrition, 7 formula combinations were designed, and the conductivity and pH of each group were tested.

Table 1 Conductivity and pH of substrates with different formulations

By reviewing the literature, we preliminarily determined that formulas 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7 are closer to the standard values and are more suitable for the growth of vegetable seedlings.

Example 3

According to the combination of 7 formulas, four vegetable crops (tomato, cucumber, pepper, eggplant) were selected to test the influence on the germination rate of the above four crops, and 32-hole seedling trays were selected, each tray was filled with 3 liters of substrate, watered 500 ml, 4 kinds of crops were sown at the same time, one seed was sown in each hole of cucumber, two seeds were sown in each hole of tomato, pepper, and eggplant, and each treatment was repeated 5 times. .

Table 2 different seedling-raising matrix formulations are used for the impact of 3, the microbial seedling-raising matrix described in claim 1

Through the above data results, we determine formulas 3, 4, 5, and 6 from the formula cost and the effect on vegetable crop seed germination.

Example 4

Effects of Different Seedling Substrates on Vegetable Growth

3.1 Effects on cucumber growth.

In terms of plant height, root length, stem thickness, aboveground fresh weight, and underground fresh weight, formulas 6 and 7 are more suitable for the growth of cucumbers;

Table 3 Effects of different seedling substrates on cucumber growth

3.2 Effects on tomato growth

In terms of plant height, root length, stem thickness, aboveground fresh weight, and underground fresh weight, formulas 1, 2, 3, 6, and 7 are more suitable for tomato growth;

Table 4 Effects of different seedling substrates on tomato growth

3.3 Effects on pepper growth

In terms of plant height, root length, stem thickness, aboveground fresh weight, and underground fresh weight, formulas 6 and 7 are more suitable for the growth of peppers

Table 5 Effects of different seedling substrates on pepper growth

3.4. Effects on eggplant growth

In terms of plant height, root length, stem thickness, fresh weight above ground and fresh weight below ground, formulas 6 and 7 are more suitable for the growth of eggplant

Table 6 Effects of different seedling substrates on the growth of eggplant

Through experiments, we finally determined that formula No. 6 is the best formula for raising seedlings.

Example 5

Based on formula No. 6, the effect of preventing and controlling diseases at the seedling stage (damping-off and blight) was tested. Cucumber was selected as the test crop and 5 treatments were designed. Chemical pesticides, bio-control bacteria, and bio-control bacteria were added to the formula + Pesticides, clear water, and then add Rhizoctonia solani and Pythium melons and fruits respectively, and set up a clear water control without adding pathogenic bacteria. In order to verify the growth of this batch of seedlings, each treatment was repeated 5 times. The experimental results are now summarized as follows :

Table 7 Control effects of different treatments on the same seedling substrate on vegetable damping-off and blight

The test results show that the control effect of No. 6 formula on damping-off disease at the seedling stage of vegetables reaches 35.6%, and the control effect on damping-off disease reaches 33.5%. 53.5%. All were significantly higher than the control effect of chemical agents alone.

Based on the above results, the best seedling substrate formula was determined. The substrate has nutrition, air permeability, water retention, and disease resistance. In addition, some flower pot experiments have been done, and the survival rate is high and the growth is healthy.

(2) Comparison test between microbial seedling substrate and commercial seedling substrate

Table 8 Comparison test of two seedling substrates

See the table below for the comparative test of seedling raising effects of the two seedling substrates. It can be seen from the table below that tomato, cucumber, eggplant, and pepper four vegetable seedlings grown on the self-made seedling substrate are significantly higher in terms of plant height and fresh weight than commercially available ones. Seedling substrate, but the root length is slightly lower than the commercial seedling substrate.

The effect of microbial seedling substrates on the growth of four crops. It can be seen from the above table that the plant height and fresh weight of the four crops cultivated by microbial seedling substrates are higher than those of commercially available seedling substrates, but the root length is lower than that of commercially available seedling substrates. matrix. Analyzing the reason, it may be that the commercially available seedling raising substrate has larger particles, so the porosity is larger, which is more conducive to root growth, but nutrients are also easily lost with watering, so the plant height above the ground and the fresh weight of the whole plant are both low. (See Figure 1, Figure 2, and Figure 3) Therefore, the self-made seedling substrate (microbial seedling substrate) can meet the seedling nutrition of four vegetable crops, and is higher than the commercially available seedling substrate in terms of plant height and fresh weight, and can obtain better The quality of the seedlings is high, although the roots of the seedlings grown on the commercially available seedling substrates are longer, but considering the pros and cons, from the perspective of appearance and seedling quality, the microbial seedling substrates are better than the commercially available seedling substrates (see Figure 4).

Claims (6)

1. a kind of microorganism seedling medium, it is characterised in that it is made of following raw materials：

Peat soil 180-200 liter

Vermiculite 50-100 liter

Perlite 1-10 liter

Chicken dung 1-5 liter

200-500 grams of diammonium

Bacillus subtilis B579 0.1 hundred million/gram；

The partial size of the seedling medium particle is 1-10mm, and pH value is 6.8~7.3, and conductivity is 51.5~60.4ms/cm, gemma Content is 10⁵/g。

2. the preparation method of substrate microorganism seedling medium described in claim 1, it is characterised in that carried out by following step：

（1）Peat soil, vermiculite, perlite, Chicken dung, diammonium are puddled uniformly according to the above ratio；

（2）Bacillus subtilis B579 fermented and cultured, 100 liters of fermentors of inclined-plane-triangular flask-；

（3）By bacillus subtilis B579 centrifugal concentrating, reach 109cfu/ml；

（4）500 milliliters of even sprayings of bacterium solution will be concentrated（1）In, it stirs evenly, packs；

The bacillus subtilis B579 fermentation medium is：Beef extract-peptone solid medium（Inclined-plane）Fluid nutrient medium （Fermentor）Medium component is：Beef extract 5.0g, albumen freeze 10.0g, sodium chloride 5.0g, water 1000ml, adjust ph be 7.0~ 7.2,18g agar need to be added in solid medium.

3. microorganism seedling medium described in claim 1 is in terms of preventing and treating vegetable crop samping off, damping-off, wilt disease Application.

4. application of the microorganism seedling medium described in claim 1 in terms of for promoting vegetable crop seedling germination.

5. application described in claim 3 or 4, vegetable crop therein refers to tomato, cucumber, eggplant, capsicum.

6. application of the microorganism seedling medium described in claim 1 in terms of the potting growth for promoting flowers.