Wheel drive electric automobile all-line control chassis structure
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of electric automobile manufacturing, and relates to a wheel-drive electric automobile all-wire control chassis structure.
Background
In order to solve the problems of global energy shortage, environmental pollution and the like, new energy automobiles represented by electric automobiles become the best choice for realizing sustainable traffic development. Along with the deepening of the electric and intelligent degree of the automobile, the wheel-drive electric automobile is bound to become the development direction of future electric automobiles by virtue of the advantages of compact structure, flexible arrangement, high transmission efficiency and the like. But at present, the chassis structure mainly based on the mechanical structure is difficult to adapt to the development of the wheel-driven electric automobile and the related technology. In the existing chassis structure, because only a single power source is usually used, the purpose of power distribution can be achieved only by a transmission mechanism, and in the process, large loss is caused and the driving torque cannot be accurately distributed; the existing braking mode generally adopts hydraulic braking, has low response sensitivity, larger volume of related structures and low space utilization rate; the existing steering mode generally adopts front wheel steering of a trapezoidal mechanical steering structure, and steering is finished after differential speed is formed through a differential mechanism, so that the steering radius is large and the steering flexibility is low; the existing passive/semi-active suspension can not meet the contradictory requirements between smoothness and operation stability at the same time, and is difficult to adapt to the conditions of various road surfaces and the change of driving environment; wireless charging is as a novel charging mode, has overcome the instability of electric contact, the problem such as electric equipment removal limitation, has advantages such as nimble, safety, reliable, becomes the development trend of future on-vehicle charging, does not have the peculiar device that bears of design for electric automobile wireless charging in nevertheless traditional chassis constitutes, is unfavorable for the development of its correlation technique.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a wheel-drive electric automobile all-wire control chassis structure, which adopts independent driving, braking, steering and suspension structures, and all adopts electrified equipment, so that the whole electric control of the chassis is realized, the space utilization rate of the chassis is improved, and the power loss is reduced.
The invention adopts the technical scheme that the all-line control chassis structure of the wheel-drive electric automobile comprises a chassis frame, wherein four single-wheel assemblies are arranged at the bottom of the chassis frame and are respectively positioned at four top corners of the chassis frame, motor mounting plates matched with the single-wheel assemblies are respectively arranged at two ends of the chassis frame, a wireless charging bearing device and a battery placing area are sequentially arranged between the two motor mounting plates, and a storage battery is arranged on the battery placing area.
The present invention is also characterized in that,
the single-wheel assembly comprises a wheel hub, an upright post is arranged between the wheel hub and the chassis frame, and a driving mechanism, a braking mechanism, a steering mechanism and a suspension mechanism are respectively connected onto the upright post.
The driving mechanism comprises a driving motor, the driving motor is a single-shaft outer rotor hub motor, an outer rotor of the driving motor is fixed at the center of the inner side of the wheel hub, and a through hole is formed in the center of the upright post; the center shaft of the driving motor penetrates through the through hole of the stand column, the key groove A is formed in the center shaft of the driving motor, the key groove B is formed in the hole wall of the through hole of the stand column, and the key groove A and the key groove B are connected through keys.
The brake mechanism is an electromagnetic brake, the electromagnetic brake comprises an annular electromagnetic brake armature arranged on a rotor shell of the driving motor, the electromagnetic brake armature is coaxial with a central shaft of the driving motor, the electromagnetic brake armature and an electromagnetic brake coil are matched to act, the electromagnetic brake coil is fixed on the stand column, and the electromagnetic brake coil is positioned between the electromagnetic brake armature and the stand column.
The steering mechanism comprises a steering motor, the steering motor comprises a steering motor fixed part and a steering motor movable part which interact with each other, the steering motor fixed part is installed on a motor installation plate, one end of the steering motor movable part is connected with one end of a steering tie rod, the other end of the steering tie rod is connected with a knuckle arm through a ball head hinge, and the knuckle arm is fixed on one side of the stand column.
The steering motor is a linear servo motor.
The suspension mechanism comprises an upper cross arm and a lower cross arm which are respectively arranged at the upper end and the lower end of a stand column, one end of the upper cross arm is connected to the stand column through an upper support, one end of the lower cross arm is connected to the stand column through a lower support, an actuator is arranged between the upper cross arm and the lower cross arm, the lower end of the actuator is connected to the middle of the lower cross arm, the upper end of the actuator is connected to a chassis frame, and the other end of the upper cross arm and the other end of the lower cross arm are both.
The wireless charging bearing device comprises a frame body arranged below a chassis frame, wherein four top points of the frame body are respectively provided with a steel rope, the lower end of the steel rope is fixed on the frame body, the upper end of the steel rope is connected with a coiling wheel, the coiling wheel is coaxially sleeved on a rotating shaft of a lifting motor, and the lifting motor is fixed on the chassis frame;
the center of the upper surface of the frame body is provided with a wireless charging secondary coil, and the output of the wireless charging secondary coil is connected with the storage battery.
The wheel-drive electric vehicle all-wire control chassis structure has the advantages that the single-wheel assemblies are arranged in the four corner regions of the chassis, redundant mechanical transmission mechanisms are abandoned, and all the electric control of driving, steering, braking, suspension and wireless charging bearing devices can be realized because all the chassis adopt electrified equipment. The chassis structure provided by the invention improves the space utilization rate of the chassis, reduces the power loss, accelerates the response speed of each mechanism, can complete various driving and steering modes, and accurately controls the driving force, the wheel turning angle, the braking force and the damping force of each independent structure, so that the vehicle control mode is more flexible, and the chassis structure is better suitable for different road conditions and driving environments. Liftable and wireless charging that multi-angle inclined bears device provides convenience for the realization of wireless charging correlation technique. Therefore, the development of deep electromotion and intellectualization of the wheel drive electric automobile is promoted.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a full-drive-by-wire chassis structure of a wheel-driven electric vehicle according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a chassis frame in a full-wire control chassis structure of a wheel-drive electric vehicle according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a partial structure of a single wheel assembly in the full-wire control chassis structure of the wheel-driven electric vehicle according to the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a wireless charging carrier device in a full-wire control chassis structure of a wheel-drive electric vehicle according to the present invention.
In the figure, 1, a single wheel assembly, 2, a wheel hub, 3, a driving motor, 4, an electromagnetic brake armature, 5, an electromagnetic brake coil, 6, a ball joint hinge, 7, a steering tie rod, 8, a stand column, 9, a steering knuckle arm, 10, an upper cross arm, 11, an actuator, 12, a steering motor movable piece, 13, a steering motor fixed piece, 14, a motor mounting plate, 15, a wireless charging bearing device, 16, a battery placing area, 17, a chassis frame, 18, a lower cross arm, 19, an upper support, 20, a rod end joint, 21, a lower support, 22, a lifting motor, 23, a steel rope, 24, a frame body, 25, a wireless charging secondary side coil and 26, a winding wheel are arranged.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
The invention discloses a wheel-drive electric vehicle all-wire control chassis structure, which comprises a chassis frame 17, wherein four single-wheel assemblies 1 are arranged at the bottom of the chassis frame 17, the four single-wheel assemblies 1 are respectively positioned at four corners of the chassis frame 17, motor mounting plates 14 matched with the single-wheel assemblies 1 are respectively arranged at two ends of the chassis frame 17, a wireless charging bearing device 15 and a battery placing area 16 are sequentially arranged between the two motor mounting plates 14, and a storage battery is arranged on the battery placing area 16.
As shown in fig. 3, each single wheel assembly 1 includes a wheel hub 2, an upright column 8 is disposed inside the wheel hub 2, and the upright column 8 is connected to a driving mechanism, a braking mechanism, a steering mechanism, and a suspension mechanism.
The driving mechanism comprises a driving motor 3, the driving motor 3 is a single-shaft outer rotor hub motor, an outer rotor of the driving motor 3 is fixed at the center of the inner side of the wheel hub 2, and a through hole is formed in the center of the upright post 8; the central shaft of the driving motor 3 passes through the through hole of the upright post 8, the tail end of the main shaft of the driving motor 3 is processed with an external thread, and the driving motor 3 and the upright post 8 are axially fixed through nuts. And key groove A is arranged on the central shaft of the driving motor 3, key groove B is arranged on the hole wall of the through hole of the upright post 8, the key groove A and the key groove B are connected through keys, relative sliding between the upright post 8 and the driving motor 3 is prevented, the driving motor 3 can accurately and rapidly correspond to a driving torque instruction sent by a controller, and the driving force requirements under various driving working conditions are met.
The brake mechanism is an electromagnetic brake, the electromagnetic brake is a dry type single-chip electromagnetic brake, the electromagnetic brake comprises an annular electromagnetic brake armature 4 arranged on the inner side shell of a rotor of the driving motor 3, the electromagnetic brake armature 4 is coaxial with the central shaft of the driving motor 3, the electromagnetic brake armature 4 is matched with an electromagnetic brake coil 5, the electromagnetic brake coil 5 is fixed on the upright post 8, and the electromagnetic brake coil 5 is positioned between the electromagnetic brake armature 4 and the upright post 8. The electromagnetic brake can adjust the braking force by changing the voltage of the switched-on direct-current power supply, thereby meeting different braking requirements.
The steering mechanism comprises a steering motor, the steering motor is a linear servo motor, the steering motor comprises a steering motor fixed part 13 and a steering motor movable part 12 which are mutually interacted, the steering motor fixed part 13 is installed on a motor installation plate 14, one end of the steering motor movable part 12 is connected with one end of a steering tie rod 7 through a ball head hinge, the other end of the steering tie rod 7 is connected with a steering knuckle arm 9 through a ball head hinge 6, and the steering knuckle arm 9 is fixed on one side of an upright post 8. In order to fix the knuckle arm 9 safely and reliably, a groove which is matched with the knuckle arm 9 in structure is formed in the upright post 8, and meanwhile, the knuckle arm 9 is prevented from interfering with a suspension mechanism during movement. The steering motor receives a control instruction of a driver, a movable part 12 of the steering motor moves for a corresponding distance, the ball joint hinge drives a tie rod 7 to move, the tie rod 7 drives a knuckle arm 9 to move through a ball joint hinge 6, and accordingly the stand column 8 is driven to move, and the stand column 8 is connected with the wheel hub 2 through the driving motor 3, so that the wheel hub 2 is driven to rotate by the movement of the stand column 8, and the steering process is completed. The steering structure can realize the steering of the wheels at any angle and realize various complex steering working conditions.
The suspension mechanism comprises an upper cross arm 10 and a lower cross arm 18 which are respectively arranged at the upper end and the lower end of a stand 8, one end of the upper cross arm 10 is connected to the stand 8 through a C-shaped upper support 19, one end 18 of the lower cross arm is connected to the stand 8 through a C-shaped lower support 21, and rod end joints 20 are arranged at the connecting part of the upper cross arm 10 and the upper support 19 and the connecting part of the lower cross arm 18 and the lower support 21. The spherical hinge end of the rod end joint 20 is fixed in the C-shaped upper support 19 and the C-shaped lower support 21 through hinged hole bolts and is prevented from loosening through slotted nuts. In order to prevent the rod end joint 20 from moving and interfering with the C-shaped upper support 19 and the C-shaped lower support 21 when the wheel hub 2 jumps up and down, a distance is reserved at the joint of the ball bearing of the rod end joint 20 and the C-shaped upper support 19 and the C-shaped lower support 21 respectively, and the reserved distance is filled by a sleeve.
An actuator 11 is arranged between the upper cross arm 10 and the lower cross arm 18, the actuator 11 is a permanent magnet linear motor, the lower end of the actuator 11 is connected to the middle of the lower cross arm 11, the upper end of the actuator 11 is connected to the chassis frame 17, and the other end of the upper cross arm 10 and the other end of the lower cross arm 18 are connected to the chassis frame 17. In the driving process of the automobile, the actuator 11 can adjust the damping force according to different driving conditions, so that the suspension is always in the optimal damping state, and the comfort and the safety of automobile driving are improved. The actuator 11 is a permanent magnet linear motor.
As shown in fig. 4, the wireless charging carrying device 15 includes a frame 24 disposed below the chassis frame 17, a steel cable 23 is disposed at each of four vertices of the frame 24, a lower end of the steel cable 23 is fixed on the frame 24, an upper end of the steel cable 23 is connected to a winding wheel 26, the winding wheel 26 is coaxially sleeved on an output shaft of the lifting motor 22, and the lifting motor 22 is fixed on the chassis frame 17; the elevator motor 22 selects a permanent magnet synchronous servo motor. A wireless charging secondary coil 25 is arranged at the center of the upper surface of the frame body 24, and the output of the wireless charging secondary coil 25 is connected with the storage battery. According to the wireless charging energy efficiency principle, different requirements are imposed on the relative position of the original secondary side, and in order to meet the power and efficiency of wireless charging, the position of the vehicle-mounted side wireless charging secondary side coil 25 needs to be adjusted. When the electric automobile is in a parking state during wireless charging, in order to prevent the frame body 24 of the wireless charging carrying device 15 from shaking in the driving process of the automobile, the carrying device controller controls the four lifting motors 22 to tighten the four steel ropes 23 through the winding wheels 26, the primary coil of the wireless charging is generally placed in a certain area on the ground, when the vehicle is charged wirelessly, the vehicle-mounted sensor can observe the relative position of the wireless charging secondary coil 25 and the primary coil in the frame body 24, in order to meet the maximization of the wireless charging effect, the central controller can send a target instruction to the carrying device controller, the carrying device controller can control the four lifting motors to respectively lift different heights, the relative position of the wireless charging secondary coil 25 and the primary coil is adjusted, therefore, the relative position of the two coils is controlled to be optimal so as to meet the technical requirement of vehicle-mounted wireless charging, and electric energy generated by the secondary coil 25 and the primary coil of the wireless charging is stored in the storage battery to supply power to the electric automobile.
The invention discloses a full-drive-by-wire chassis structure of a wheel-driven electric automobile, which is characterized in that four wheel assemblies 1 can independently complete driving/braking force and accurate and controllable suspension damping force, wheels rotate at any angle, all mechanisms are completely controlled electrically, and response is rapid. The mutual coordination of all structures in the single-wheel assembly and the mutual coordination and matching of the four single-wheel assemblies can finish three driving modes of front driving, rear driving and four driving, and can also finish three steering modes of front wheel steering, rear wheel steering and four-wheel steering. The original steering and the translational steering in the four-wheel steering have great advantages in coping with the urban complex working conditions. The active suspension provides good guarantee for the comfort and the safety of vehicle driving, and the wireless charging bearing device provides great convenience for efficient charging of future electric vehicles.
The driving method of the wheel-drive electric vehicle full-linear control chassis structure comprises the steps of driving, braking and steering four single-wheel assemblies 1;
each single-wheel assembly 1 is driven (forward or reverse) as follows: the driving motor 3 receives the instruction, and as the outer rotor on the driving motor 3 is coaxially fixed with the wheel hub 2, the driving motor 3 drives the wheel hub 2 to rotate in the working process, and the driving process of the wheel hub 2 is completed;
the braking process of each single-wheel assembly 1 is as follows: the electromagnetic brake coil 5 is connected with voltage, so that electromagnetic force is generated to attract the electromagnetic brake armature 4, friction surfaces of the electromagnetic brake armature 4 and the electromagnetic brake coil 5 rub against each other to generate braking force on a rotor of the driving motor 3, and wheels are braked;
the steering process of each single wheel assembly 1 is as follows: after the steering motor receives the instruction, a movable part 12 of the steering motor moves, the transverse pull rod 7 is pulled to move through the ball head hinge, the transverse pull rod 7 drives the knuckle arm 9 to move through the ball head hinge 6, the knuckle arm 9 pulls the upright post 8 to rotate, and the upright post 8 drives the wheel hub 2 to rotate through the driving motor 3, so that the steering of the wheel hub 2 is completed.