CN108820049B - An automobile B-pillar capable of realizing multi-axis concentrated energy absorption - Google Patents
An automobile B-pillar capable of realizing multi-axis concentrated energy absorption Download PDFInfo
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- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 title description 21
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000004626 polylactic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229920000747 poly(lactic acid) Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- 229920002748 Basalt fiber Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000001154 acute effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010146 3D printing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lactic acid Chemical compound CC(O)C(O)=O JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 235000014655 lactic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 239000004310 lactic acid Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 17
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- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 32
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 25
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 20
- 210000005056 cell body Anatomy 0.000 description 14
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 5
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000001413 cellular effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011229 interlayer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 2
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
- B62D—MOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
- B62D25/00—Superstructure or monocoque structure sub-units; Parts or details thereof not otherwise provided for
- B62D25/04—Door pillars ; windshield pillars
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y80/00—Products made by additive manufacturing
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Abstract
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明属于汽车零部件技术领域,具体涉及一种可实现多轴线集中吸能的汽车B柱。The invention belongs to the technical field of automobile parts, and in particular relates to an automobile B-pillar capable of realizing multi-axis concentrated energy absorption.
背景技术Background technique
随着汽车保有量的不断上升,汽车交通事故的发生频率也逐渐增长,汽车主被动安全性变得越来越重要。在美国碰撞事故调查统计中,侧面碰撞的概率占7%,在日本碰撞事故调查统计中,侧面碰撞的概率占12.7%。因为侧碰，是距离驾驶员相对较近的位置，对驾驶员的生命安全具有很大的威胁，所以加强侧面碰撞的安全性显得尤为重要。With the continuous increase of car ownership, the frequency of car accidents is gradually increasing, and the active and passive safety of cars is becoming more and more important. In the survey and statistics of collision accidents in the United States, the probability of side collisions accounts for 7%, and in the statistics of collision accidents in Japan, the probability of side collisions accounts for 12.7%. Because the side collision is relatively close to the driver, it poses a great threat to the driver's life safety, so it is particularly important to strengthen the safety of side collisions.
B柱是侧面碰撞的主要吸能构件，也是众多学者研究侧面碰撞的热点。目前，提高侧面碰撞安全性的一般措施是提高板件厚度和增加加强筋，而这样会导致汽车变重，不满足汽车轻量化的趋势要求。The B-pillar is the main energy-absorbing component of side collisions, and it is also a hot spot for many scholars to study side collisions. At present, the general measures to improve the safety of side collisions are to increase the thickness of the panels and increase the ribs, which will lead to the weight of the car, which does not meet the trend of lightweight cars.
随着碳纤维材料的发展，有不少学者提出了碳纤维B柱的想法。在中国专利CN206231454 U中提出了一种由碳纤维复合材料制成的内部加强板、钢制外板构成的新型B柱结构，利用碳纤维强度高、重量轻的优点，可以在保证耐撞性的条件下，对原B柱外钢板进行局部镂空简化，从而降低重量，但是碳纤维的成型工艺复杂，且质量控制尚不完善，成本较高。With the development of carbon fiber materials, many scholars have proposed the idea of carbon fiber B-pillars. In the Chinese patent CN206231454 U, a new type of B-pillar structure consisting of an internal reinforcement plate made of carbon fiber composite material and a steel outer plate is proposed. Taking advantage of the advantages of high strength and light weight of carbon fiber, it can ensure crashworthiness. Next, the original B-pillar outer steel plate is partially hollowed out to reduce weight, but the carbon fiber molding process is complicated, and the quality control is not perfect, and the cost is high.
近几年，多胞材料在不断发展和应用，多胞材料优越的吸能性能以及本身自带的轻量化的性能已经成为了各行业的研究热点，同样，如果将其合理的应用于汽车B柱上，也会产生积极的效果。中国专利CN 205440545 U公开了一种“一种蜂窝夹层汽车B柱”，该汽车B柱主要利用蜂窝夹层作为吸能部件，从而改善侧面碰撞安全性能，提高侧面撞击的安全系数。但由于蜂窝吸能结构碰撞初始峰值高，吸能过程不稳定，碰撞时会给人体带来很大的冲击力，对人员造成一定伤害，不利于吸能；此外，由于蜂窝吸能结构吸能过程材料利用率低，所以整体吸能效果不理想。In recent years, cellular materials have been continuously developed and applied. The superior energy-absorbing performance of cellular materials and their inherent lightweight performance have become research hotspots in various industries. Similarly, if they are reasonably applied to automobile B On the pillar, it will also have a positive effect. Chinese patent CN 205440545 U discloses "a honeycomb interlayer automobile B-pillar". The automobile B-pillar mainly uses the honeycomb interlayer as an energy-absorbing component, thereby improving the side impact safety performance and increasing the safety factor of the side impact. However, due to the high initial peak value of the collision of the honeycomb energy-absorbing structure, the energy-absorbing process is unstable, and the collision will bring a great impact to the human body, causing certain injuries to personnel, which is not conducive to energy absorption; The utilization rate of process materials is low, so the overall energy absorption effect is not ideal.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的在于提供一种可实现多轴线集中吸能的汽车B柱，以解决现有汽车B柱侧面重量大、生产成本高，以及碰撞时初始峰值高，吸能过程不稳定，吸能效果不好的技术难题。The purpose of the present invention is to provide an automobile B-pillar that can realize multi-axis concentrated energy absorption, so as to solve the problem of the heavy side weight of the existing automobile B-pillar, high production cost, high initial peak value during collision, unstable energy absorption process, and energy absorption. Technical problems that don't work well.
为实现上述目的，本发明是采用如下技术方案实现的：To achieve the above object, the present invention is achieved by adopting the following technical solutions:
一种可实现多轴线集中吸能的汽车B柱，包括：B柱外板、微元胞填充层、B柱内板；所述B柱外板设置在最外侧；所述微元胞填充层设置在B柱外板与B柱内板中间；所述B柱内板设置在最内侧；所做的改进是：所述微元胞填充层是由多个单元胞体在X向和Y向上依次排列组合而成的立体结构；An automobile B-pillar capable of realizing multi-axis concentrated energy absorption, comprising: a B-pillar outer panel, a microcellular filling layer, and a B-pillar inner panel; the B-pillar outer panel is arranged on the outermost side; the microcellular filling layer Set between the B-pillar outer panel and the B-pillar inner panel; the B-pillar inner panel is set on the innermost side; the improvement made is: the micro-cell filling layer is composed of a plurality of unit cells in the X direction and Y direction A three-dimensional structure formed by arrangement and combination;
所述单元胞体是由两个对称的子单元胞连接构成；所述子单元胞包括：传力部、第一竖向吸能部、第二竖向吸能部、第一横向吸能部、第二横向吸能部；所述传力部一端通过第一水平传力板与第一竖向吸能部连接，另一端与第一横向吸能部连接，传力部与第一横向吸能部之间的夹角为锐角；所述第一竖向吸能部与第二竖向吸能部连接，第一竖向吸能部与第二竖向吸能部之间的夹角为135-165°；所述第一横向吸能部与第二横向吸能部通过第二水平传力板连接，第二水平传力板与第一水平传力板的外表面长度一致，第二水平传力板与另一个单元胞体的第一水平传力板连接，使单元胞体在Y向依次连接；所述第一横向吸能部与第二水平传力板之间的夹角为150°-160°；所述第二横向吸能部与第二水平传力板之间的夹角为150°-160°，第二横向吸能部的另一端与第二竖向吸能部连接，两者之间的夹角为锐角；在传力部与第一横向吸能部连接端的外表面加工有连接缓冲台，在第二横向吸能部与第二竖向吸能部连接端的外表面同样加工有连接缓冲台，通过连接缓冲台将对称的两个子单元胞连接，同时将各个单元胞体在X向依次连接。The unit cell body is composed of two symmetrical sub-unit cells; the sub-unit cells include: a force transmission part, a first vertical energy-absorbing part, a second vertical energy-absorbing part, a first horizontal energy-absorbing part, The second horizontal energy-absorbing part; one end of the force-transmitting part is connected to the first vertical energy-absorbing part through the first horizontal force-transmitting plate, the other end is connected to the first horizontal energy-absorbing part, and the force-transmitting part is connected to the first horizontal energy-absorbing part The included angle between the parts is an acute angle; the first vertical energy-absorbing part is connected to the second vertical energy-absorbing part, and the included angle between the first vertical energy-absorbing part and the second vertical energy-absorbing part is 135° -165°; the first transverse energy-absorbing part and the second transverse energy-absorbing part are connected through the second horizontal force-transfer plate, the length of the second horizontal force-transfer plate is the same as the outer surface of the first horizontal force-transfer plate, and the second horizontal force The force transmission plate is connected with the first horizontal force transmission plate of another unit cell, so that the unit cells are sequentially connected in the Y direction; the angle between the first transverse energy-absorbing part and the second horizontal force transmission plate is 150°- 160°; the angle between the second horizontal energy-absorbing part and the second horizontal force-transmitting plate is 150°-160°, and the other end of the second horizontal energy-absorbing part is connected to the second vertical energy-absorbing part. The included angle between them is an acute angle; a connecting buffer platform is processed on the outer surface of the connecting end of the force transmission part and the first transverse energy absorbing part, and the outer surface of the connecting end of the second transverse energy absorbing part and the second vertical energy absorbing part is the same A connection buffer table is processed, through which two symmetrical sub-unit cells are connected, and each unit cell body is sequentially connected in the X direction.
作为本发明的优选，所述的微元胞填充层为3D打印的一体式结构，构成微元胞填充层中单元胞体上的传力部、第一竖向吸能部、第二竖向吸能部、第一横向吸能部、第二横向吸能部、第一水平传力板与第二水平传力板的壁厚相同；且第一横向吸能部、第二横向吸能部、第一竖向吸能部与第二竖向吸能部的长度相同，所述传力部的长度为15-18mm；所述第二水平传力板的长度为2-4mm。As a preference of the present invention, the microcell filling layer is an integrated structure of 3D printing, which constitutes the force transmission part, the first vertical energy-absorbing part, and the second vertical energy-absorbing part on the unit cell body in the microcell filling layer. The energy part, the first transverse energy absorbing part, the second transverse energy absorbing part, the first horizontal force transmission plate and the second horizontal force transmission plate have the same wall thickness; and the first transverse energy absorbing part, the second transverse energy absorbing part, The length of the first vertical energy-absorbing part is the same as that of the second vertical energy-absorbing part, the length of the force-transmitting part is 15-18 mm; the length of the second horizontal force-transmitting plate is 2-4 mm.
作为本发明的进一步优选，所述第一竖向吸能部与第二竖向吸能部之间的夹角为150°，所述第一横向吸能部与第二水平传力板之间的夹角为150°；所述第二横向吸能部与第二水平传力板之间的夹角为150°，传力部与第一横向吸能部之间的夹角为50-70°，最好为60°。As a further preference of the present invention, the included angle between the first vertical energy-absorbing portion and the second vertical energy-absorbing portion is 150°, and the angle between the first horizontal energy-absorbing portion and the second horizontal force-transmitting plate The included angle is 150°; the included angle between the second transverse energy-absorbing part and the second horizontal force-transmitting plate is 150°, and the included angle between the force-transmitting part and the first transverse energy-absorbing part is 50-70° °, preferably 60°.
作为本发明的进一步优选，所述的微元胞填充层采用聚乳酸复合材料经过3D打印的一体式结构，在保证强度要求下，采用聚乳酸复合材料绿色环保，可降解，且取材广泛，来自于农作物，可大大降低生产成本；此外，为保证微元胞填充层的强度，所述微元胞填充层最好采用聚乳酸与玄武岩纤维按各50%混合制备，玄武岩纤维为短纤维，两者混合强度达到最高。As a further preference of the present invention, the microcellular filling layer adopts a polylactic acid composite material that has been 3D printed as an integrated structure. Under the requirement of ensuring strength, the polylactic acid composite material is environmentally friendly, degradable, and has a wide range of materials. In addition, in order to ensure the strength of the microcellular filling layer, the microcellular filling layer is preferably prepared by mixing 50% of polylactic acid and basalt fiber, and the basalt fiber is a short fiber. The mixing intensity is the highest.
本发明的优点和有益效果是：Advantage and beneficial effect of the present invention are:
（1）本发明提供的汽车B柱结构简单，吸能效果好，适应性强，可适应很多车型，该汽车B柱通过在现有汽车B柱内填充微元胞填充层，利用微元胞填充层中各个单元胞体上的吸能空间，增加吸能效果；当受到冲击时，单元胞体会产生负泊松比效应，可以将四周的材料向受力部位集中，具有很高的材料利用率，从而能承担更大的载荷，使得能量得到了更大的吸收，相比蜂窝类填充材料，其侧面碰撞初始峰值降低，与平台应力区相近，同时应力平台区长而稳，吸能过程较稳定，能更好的保护驾驶员生命安全。(1) The automobile B-pillar provided by the present invention has simple structure, good energy-absorbing effect, strong adaptability, and can adapt to many vehicle models. The energy-absorbing space on each unit cell body in the filling layer increases the energy-absorbing effect; when impacted, the unit cell body produces a negative Poisson's ratio effect, which can concentrate the surrounding materials to the stressed part, and has a high material utilization rate , so that it can bear a larger load, so that the energy is absorbed more. Compared with the honeycomb filling material, the initial peak value of the side impact is reduced, which is similar to the platform stress area. At the same time, the stress platform area is long and stable, and the energy absorption process is relatively fast Stable, can better protect the driver's life safety.
（2）本发明汽车B柱通过对单元胞体结构的特殊设计，相比于一般负泊松比材料，即只产生一组集中支撑，四周材料都向最中间靠拢，虽然也能集中抵抗冲击反力，但是形成速度较慢，待中间材料逐渐填满后，靠外侧的材料无法继续靠拢，参与吸能，导致了在外侧材料的承受能力较低，本发明设计的这种结构碰撞吸能过程中在相邻两个单元胞体的连接处会形成多组集中支撑，可以分散冲击反力，在每组集中支撑的附近的材料向各自的集中支撑靠拢，可以最快的速度到达一种高效抵抗冲击的状态，实现及时性、高效性的吸能效果。(2) Through the special design of the unit cell structure of the automobile B-pillar of the present invention, compared with the general negative Poisson's ratio material, only one group of concentrated support is produced, and the surrounding materials are all close to the middle, although it can also concentrate on resisting impact and reaction. force, but the formation speed is slow. After the intermediate material is gradually filled, the outer material cannot continue to move closer and participate in energy absorption, resulting in a lower bearing capacity of the outer material. The collision energy absorption process of this structure designed by the present invention In the connection between two adjacent unit cells, multiple groups of concentrated supports will be formed, which can disperse the impact reaction force, and the materials near each group of concentrated supports will move closer to their respective concentrated supports, which can achieve a high-efficiency resistance at the fastest speed. The state of impact, to achieve timely and efficient energy absorption effect.
（3）本发明提供的汽车B柱，在满足强度的要求下，其耐撞性增强，重量更轻；同时，该汽车B柱内部的微元胞填充层可以直接采用聚乳酸复合材料经过3D打印的一体式结构，大大降低生产成本、提高生产效率。(3) The B-pillar of the automobile provided by the present invention has enhanced crashworthiness and lighter weight under the requirement of strength; at the same time, the microcellular filling layer inside the B-pillar of the automobile can be directly made of polylactic acid composite material through 3D The integrated structure of printing greatly reduces production costs and improves production efficiency.
（4）本发明在B柱内部填充微元胞填充层，因其内部存在大量孔隙，将会对汽车外部传来的噪音产生一定频率内的“声音禁带”，根据“带隙”原理起到降噪的作用，增加行驶舒适性。(4) The present invention fills the microcellular filling layer inside the B-pillar, because there are a large number of pores inside, it will produce a "sound forbidden band" within a certain frequency for the noise from the outside of the car, and it is based on the principle of "band gap". To reduce noise and increase driving comfort.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本发明B柱结构的三维模型图。Fig. 1 is a three-dimensional model diagram of the B-pillar structure of the present invention.
图2为本发明微元胞填充层的结构示意图。Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the microcell filling layer of the present invention.
图3为本发明微元胞填充层的主视图。Fig. 3 is a front view of the microcell filling layer of the present invention.
图4为本发明单元胞体在X向和Y向排列的示意图。Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of unit cells in the X and Y directions of the present invention.
图5为本发明单元胞体的整体结构示意图。Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the unit cell body of the present invention.
图6为本发明单元胞体的主视图。Fig. 6 is a front view of the unit cell body of the present invention.
图7为微元胞填充层在碰撞冲击过程中的二维面内变形过程图。Fig. 7 is a diagram of the two-dimensional in-plane deformation process of the microcellular filling layer during the impact process.
图8为本发明与六边形蜂窝结构吸能件碰撞初始峰值对比图。Fig. 8 is a comparison chart of the initial peak value of the collision between the present invention and the hexagonal honeycomb structure energy absorbing member.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
为使本领域技术人员能够更好的理解本发明的技术方案及其优点，下面结合附图对本申请进行详细描述，但并不用于限定本发明的保护范围。In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solutions and advantages of the present invention, the following describes the application in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, but it is not intended to limit the protection scope of the present invention.
参照图1，本发明提供的一种可实现多轴线集中吸能的汽车B柱，包括：B柱外板1、微元胞填充层2、B柱内板3；其中，所述B柱外板1设置在最外侧；所述微元胞填充层2设置在B柱外板1与B柱内板3中间；所述B柱内板3设置在最内侧，B柱外板1、微元胞填充层2、B柱内板3通过粘接连接，形成三明治结构。Referring to Fig. 1, a kind of automobile B-pillar that can realize multi-axis concentrated energy absorption provided by the present invention comprises: B-pillar outer panel 1, microcell filling layer 2, B-pillar inner panel 3; wherein, the outer panel of B-pillar The plate 1 is arranged on the outermost side; the microcell packing layer 2 is arranged between the B-pillar outer panel 1 and the B-pillar inner panel 3; the B-pillar inner panel 3 is arranged on the innermost side, and the B-pillar outer panel 1 The cell packing layer 2 and the B-pillar inner panel 3 are connected by bonding to form a sandwich structure.
参照图2、图3，所述的微元胞填充层2是是由多个单元胞体在X向和Y向上依次排列组合而成的立体结构；Referring to Fig. 2 and Fig. 3, the microcellular filling layer 2 is a three-dimensional structure formed by arranging and combining a plurality of unit cells sequentially in the X direction and the Y direction;
参照图4至图6，所述单元胞体是由两个对称的子单元胞A连接构成；所述子单元胞A包括：传力部4、第一竖向吸能部5、第二竖向吸能部6、第一横向吸能部7、第二横向吸能部8；所述传力部4一端通过第一水平传力板9与第一竖向吸能部5连接，另一端与第一横向吸能部7连接，传力部4与第一横向吸能部7之间的夹角为50-70°，最好为60°，传力部的长度为15-18mm；所述第一竖向吸能部5与第二竖向吸能部6连接，第一竖向吸能部5与第二竖向吸能部6之间的夹角为135-165°，最好为150°；所述第一横向吸能部7与第二横向吸能部8通过第二水平传力板10连接，第二水平传力板10与第一水平传力板9的外表面长度一致，为2-4mm，第二水平传力板10与另一个单元胞体的第一水平传力板9连接，使单元胞体在Y向依次连接；所述第一横向吸能部7与第二水平传力板10之间的夹角为150°-160°，最好为150°；所述第二横向吸能部8与第二水平传力板10之间的夹角为150°-160°，最好为150°，第二横向吸能部8的另一端与第二竖向吸能部6连接；在传力部4与第一横向吸能部7连接端的外表面加工有连接缓冲台11，在第二横向吸能部8与第二竖向吸能部6连接端的外表面同样加工有连接缓冲台11，通过连接缓冲台11将对称的两个子单元胞连接，同时将各个单元胞体在X向依次连接。Referring to Fig. 4 to Fig. 6, the unit cell body is composed of two symmetrical sub-unit cells A; the sub-unit cells A include: Energy-absorbing part 6, first transverse energy-absorbing part 7, second transverse energy-absorbing part 8; one end of the force-transmitting part 4 is connected to the first vertical energy-absorbing part 5 through the first horizontal force-transmitting plate 9, and the other end is connected to the first vertical energy-absorbing part 5 The first transverse energy-absorbing portion 7 is connected, the angle between the force-transmitting portion 4 and the first transverse energy-absorbing portion 7 is 50-70°, preferably 60°, and the length of the force-transmitting portion is 15-18mm; The first vertical energy-absorbing portion 5 is connected to the second vertical energy-absorbing portion 6, and the angle between the first vertical energy-absorbing portion 5 and the second vertical energy-absorbing portion 6 is 135-165°, preferably 150°; the first transverse energy-absorbing part 7 and the second transverse energy-absorbing part 8 are connected through the second horizontal force-transmitting plate 10, and the length of the outer surface of the second horizontal force-transmitting plate 10 is consistent with that of the first horizontal force-transmitting plate 9 , is 2-4mm, the second horizontal force transmission plate 10 is connected with the first horizontal force transmission plate 9 of another unit cell, so that the unit cells are sequentially connected in the Y direction; the first horizontal energy-absorbing part 7 is connected with the second horizontal The angle between the force transmission plates 10 is 150°-160°, preferably 150°; the angle between the second transverse energy-absorbing portion 8 and the second horizontal force transmission plate 10 is 150°-160° , preferably 150°, the other end of the second transverse energy-absorbing portion 8 is connected to the second vertical energy-absorbing portion 6; a connection buffer table is processed on the outer surface of the connecting end of the force-transmitting portion 4 and the first transverse energy-absorbing portion 7 11. A connection buffer table 11 is also processed on the outer surface of the connecting end of the second horizontal energy-absorbing part 8 and the second vertical energy-absorbing part 6, and the two symmetrical sub-unit cells are connected through the connection buffer table 11, and each unit cell body is connected Connect sequentially in the X direction.
本发明所述的微元胞填充层为采用聚乳酸复合材料经过3D打印的一体式结构，构成微元胞填充层中单元胞体上的传力部、第一竖向吸能部、第二竖向吸能部、第一横向吸能部、第二横向吸能部、第一水平传力板与第二水平传力板的壁厚相同；且第一横向吸能部、第二横向吸能部、第一竖向吸能部与第二竖向吸能部的长度相同。The microcell filling layer of the present invention is an integrated structure that adopts polylactic acid composite material and is 3D printed, and constitutes the force transmission part, the first vertical energy-absorbing part, and the second vertical energy-absorbing part on the unit cell body in the microcell filling layer. The wall thicknesses of the energy-absorbing part, the first transverse energy-absorbing part, the second transverse energy-absorbing part, the first horizontal force-transmitting plate and the second horizontal force-transmitting plate are the same; and the first transverse energy-absorbing part and the second transverse energy-absorbing part The lengths of the first vertical energy-absorbing portion and the second vertical energy-absorbing portion are the same.
本发明的单元胞体设计成上述结构，能够使单元胞体受力变形稳定，传力效果好，而且所述的汽车B柱，中间微元胞填充层2厚度越厚，容纳的层数越多，吸能效果越好，但是层数越多，不仅受空间限制，而且B柱结构越重，这是轻量化与安全性的博弈，因为采用多胞材料的填充，在原来其他条件保持不变的情况下，一定会变轻，因此我们可以在保证原汽车B柱重量的前提下，在内部空间允许的情况下，尽可能地多加层数，提高吸能量。根据现有汽车B柱的内部空间情况来看，一般控制微元胞填充层2中单元胞体在Y向的层数为4-15层，最好为6-10层。The unit cell body of the present invention is designed with the above-mentioned structure, which can make the unit cell body stable under stress and deformation, and has a good force transmission effect, and in the B-pillar of the automobile, the thicker the thickness of the middle micro-cell filling layer 2, the more layers can be accommodated. The better the energy absorption effect, but the more layers, not only limited by the space, but also the heavier the B-pillar structure. This is a game between light weight and safety, because the filling of cellular materials remains unchanged under other conditions Under the circumstances, it will definitely become lighter, so we can add as many layers as possible to improve energy absorption under the premise of ensuring the weight of the original car B-pillar and the internal space permitting. According to the internal space of the existing automobile B-pillar, the number of layers of the unit cells in the Y direction in the microcellular filling layer 2 is generally controlled to be 4-15 layers, preferably 6-10 layers.
本发明所述的汽车B柱，微元胞填充层2为聚乳酸复合材料，在保证强度要求下，绿色环保，可降解，取材广泛，来自于农作物，经实验验证：聚乳酸与玄武岩纤维按各50%混合时，玄武岩纤维为短纤维，强度达到最高。The B-pillar of the automobile according to the present invention, the microcellular filling layer 2 is a polylactic acid composite material, which is green, environmentally friendly, degradable, and widely drawn from crops under the requirement of guaranteed strength. It is verified by experiments: polylactic acid and basalt fiber When 50% of each is mixed, the basalt fiber is a short fiber with the highest strength.
参照图7, 根据微元胞填充层2在碰撞冲击过程中的二维面内变形过程，可以看到单元胞体的胞壁（第一横向吸能部、第二横向吸能部、第一竖向吸能部、第二竖向吸能部）逐渐填充了孔隙部分，孔隙部分就是所谓的吸能空间，为单元胞体结构的变形提供空间条件，从而吸收更多的能量；此外，可以观察到该结构具备分布集中的负泊松比现象，在碰撞冲击过程中，材料不向四周延伸，只在压缩方向变形，相比于一般负泊松比材料，是产生一组集中支撑，即四周材料都向最中间靠拢，虽然也能集中抵抗冲击反力，但是形成速度较慢，待中间材料逐渐填满后，靠外侧的材料无法继续靠拢，参与吸能，导致了在外侧材料的承受能力较低，本发明设计的这种结构形成五组集中支撑，可以分散冲击反力，在每组集中支撑的附近的材料向各自的集中支撑靠拢，可以最快的到达一种高效抵抗冲击的状态，实现及时性、高效性的吸能效果。同时，由于这种分布集中的负泊松比效应，使得在冲击过程中，伴随着一段长而稳的应力平台区，吸能过程更加平稳，吸能量也大大增多，后期呈现越压越硬，这也就保证了汽车B柱的刚度条件，不至于被撞坏。本发明通过合理的设计，将在保证汽车B柱刚度与强度的条件下，尽可能吸收更多的碰撞能量，一方面保护了驾驶员的安全，另一方面也降低了汽车B柱的破坏程度。Referring to Figure 7, according to the two-dimensional in-plane deformation process of the microcellular filling layer 2 during the collision and impact process, it can be seen that the cell walls of the unit cells (the first transverse energy-absorbing part, the second transverse energy-absorbing part, the first vertical energy-absorbing Towards the energy-absorbing part, the second vertical energy-absorbing part), the pore part is gradually filled, the pore part is the so-called energy-absorbing space, which provides space conditions for the deformation of the unit cell structure, thereby absorbing more energy; in addition, it can be observed that The structure has a negative Poisson's ratio phenomenon with concentrated distribution. During the impact process, the material does not extend to the surroundings, but only deforms in the direction of compression. Compared with the general negative Poisson's ratio material, it produces a group of concentrated supports, that is, the surrounding materials They all move closer to the middle. Although they can also concentrate on resisting the impact reaction force, the forming speed is relatively slow. After the middle material is gradually filled, the outer materials cannot continue to move closer and participate in energy absorption, resulting in the lower bearing capacity of the outer materials. Low, the structure designed by the present invention forms five groups of concentrated supports, which can disperse the impact reaction force, and the materials near each group of concentrated supports move closer to their respective concentrated supports, which can quickly reach a state of high-efficiency impact resistance. Realize timely and efficient energy absorption effect. At the same time, due to the negative Poisson's ratio effect of this concentrated distribution, during the impact process, accompanied by a long and stable stress plateau area, the energy absorption process is more stable, and the absorbed energy is also greatly increased. This also ensures the rigidity condition of the B-pillar of the car, so that it will not be damaged. Through reasonable design, the present invention will absorb as much collision energy as possible under the condition of ensuring the rigidity and strength of the B-pillar of the automobile. On the one hand, the safety of the driver is protected, and on the other hand, the degree of damage to the B-pillar of the automobile is reduced. .
工作原理：working principle:
当汽车受到侧碰时，B柱内部的微元胞填充层2将受到压缩，单元胞体上各个吸能部逐渐填充周围的孔隙部分，利用变形对碰撞能量进行吸收损耗；同时，由于单元胞体结构的负泊松比效应，材料不向四周延伸，每组集中支撑的附近的材料向各自的集中支撑靠拢，可以最快的到达一种高效抵抗冲击的状态，实现及时性、高效性的吸能效果；同时，冲击过程中会形成一段稳而长的平台区域，处于该区域应力值基本保持不变，形成一个平台，平台区越长，所包围的面积越大，吸收能量越多，有效保护驾驶员生命安全；平台区波动越小，能量吸收过程越稳定。此外，本发明通过合理设计单元胞体的几何尺寸，使应力应变曲线中的平台区接近限定值，即在保证驾驶员生命安全的前提下，吸收尽可能多的能量，过了平台区之后将进入密实区，材料越压越实，越压越硬，保证B柱刚度,降低对B柱的破坏程度，此时碰撞能量也基本被吸收消耗。When the car is subjected to a side impact, the micro-cell filling layer 2 inside the B-pillar will be compressed, and the energy-absorbing parts on the unit cell body will gradually fill the surrounding pores, and the collision energy will be absorbed and lost by deformation; at the same time, due to the unit cell body structure The negative Poisson's ratio effect, the material does not extend around, and the materials near each group of centralized supports move closer to their respective centralized supports, which can quickly reach a state of high-efficiency impact resistance, and realize timely and efficient energy absorption. effect; at the same time, a stable and long platform area will be formed during the impact process, and the stress value in this area will basically remain unchanged, forming a platform. The longer the platform area, the larger the area surrounded, the more energy absorbed, and effective protection The life of the driver is safe; the smaller the fluctuation in the platform area, the more stable the energy absorption process. In addition, the present invention makes the plateau area in the stress-strain curve close to the limit value by rationally designing the geometric dimensions of the unit cells, that is, absorbing as much energy as possible under the premise of ensuring the safety of the driver, and will enter the In the dense area, the more compact the material, the harder it is to ensure the stiffness of the B-pillar and reduce the damage to the B-pillar. At this time, the collision energy is basically absorbed and consumed.
性能检测：Performance testing:
按照现有碰撞试验，将本申请的汽车B柱与B柱外板与内板与本申请相同，中间设置有与本申请高度和层数相同的正六边形蜂窝吸能结构的汽车B柱进行对比。According to the existing crash test, the automobile B-pillar and B-pillar outer panel and inner panel of the present application are the same as the present application, and the automobile B-pillar with the regular hexagonal honeycomb energy-absorbing structure with the same height and layers as the present application is arranged in the middle. Compared.
结果：从图8可以看出，本发明能够大大降低正六边形蜂窝吸能结构的碰撞初始峰值，并且在平台应力近似相等的情况下使平台区增长，吸能增强，减小给人体带来的冲击力，保护驾驶者的安全。Result: It can be seen from Figure 8 that the invention can greatly reduce the initial peak value of the collision of the regular hexagonal honeycomb energy-absorbing structure, and make the platform area grow under the condition that the platform stress is approximately equal, the energy absorption is enhanced, and the impact on the human body is reduced. The impact force protects the driver's safety.
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