CN108811983A - A kind of method of orchard control grass - Google Patents
A kind of method of orchard control grass Download PDFInfo
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- CN108811983A CN108811983A CN201810796661.8A CN201810796661A CN108811983A CN 108811983 A CN108811983 A CN 108811983A CN 201810796661 A CN201810796661 A CN 201810796661A CN 108811983 A CN108811983 A CN 108811983A
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- bitter buckwheat
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protection of plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/15—Leaf crops, e.g. lettuce or spinach
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
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Abstract
The method of a kind of orchard control grass, when spring and summer, using bitter buckwheat as interfering crop-planting：（1）It in early and middle ten days in April, ploughs shallowly, basks seeds, dress seed, broadcast sowing；（2）It reseeds；Except malignant weed；It does not apply fertilizer before sowing, when bitter buckwheat grows to 20~25cm, fertilising；Prevent and treat bitter buckwheat root rot and damping-off and cabbage caterpillar and loxostege sticticalis；After bitter buckwheat is mature, does not have to harvesting, be allowed to blossom and have seeds；Remaining bitter buckwheat straw harvesting is made into green manure.When autumn and winter, using rape as interference crop-planting：（1）It in early and middle ten days in October, ploughs shallowly, basks seeds, dress seed, broadcast sowing；（2）It reseeds, sprays water or pour water；Except malignant weed；It does not apply fertilizer before sowing, 30~35 days after rape emergence, fertilising；Pre- preventing disease and pest；Green manure is made into rape harvesting.The careless effect of the method for the present invention suppression is good, and the organic matter level of orchard soil significantly improves, fertilizing soil, reduces soil erosion, nutrient quality is high, at low cost, high-efficient, no herbicide residue.
Description
Technical field
Present invention relates particularly to a kind of methods of orchard control grass.
Background technique
Southern climates are warm, and rainwater is abundant, and suitable growth conditions is provided for weed growth.And due to orchard weed kind
Class is more, vitality is strong, biomass is big, consumes a large amount of nutritional ingredient and fruit-tree orchard in soil and strives water and strives fertilizer, random growth,
Ventilation and penetrating light worsening condition in garden is caused, pest and disease damage is induced or aggravate, to Growth status development, flower_bud formation and fruit product
Matter has different degrees of influence.Scientific technological advance is to today, although weeding technique has significant progress, agricultural production is begun
Fail to get rid of the harm of weeds eventually, weeding be still in agricultural production recruitment at most, one of most arduous work.Whole world crop
The year amount of labour used of weed control needs 150~30,000,000,000 workdays, and crop failure caused by weeds is up to 10~25%, wherein cereal
The class underproduction is more than 1,500,000,000 tons.Counted according to United States Department of Agriculture, U.S. crops every year because caused by crop smothering production loss up to 12,000,000,000 beauty
Member, annual chemical control expense are up to 3,600,000,000 dollars, and other weeding expenses are 2,600,000,000 dollars, add up to loss per year over 182
Hundred million dollars.China farmland and orchard weed hazard area are up to 41,640,000 hm2, wherein the serious cultivated area of crop smothering is up to 9,270,000
hm2, 17,500,000,000 kg of production loss, 13.4 % of loss late average out to.It is national to be used for the workday of weeding every year up to 20~3,000,000,000.
Meanwhile it is also weeding that the main purpose of plough intertillage is turned in farmland, the amount of labour actually expended is with regard to more.
In very long arable farming history, the mankind struggle with weeds always, make a general survey of the mankind and control careless history, various methods
There is certain limitation.Orchard weed control method has artificial weeding, weeding by machine and chemical agent weeding at this stage, but logical
Cross the method that artificial weeding, weeding by machine and various agriculture cultivation technologies carry out controlling weeds（That is physical control）A large amount of people
Power is strapped on soil, has aggravated the manual labor of people instead, is runed counter to modern agricultural development direction.Orchard mini-tiller
Weeding is cheap, cost is relatively low for weeding, but mini-tiller weeding is that the grass weeding system that even root is rooted out can be stirred soil.If
Plough too shallow, weeding is not clean, the grass roots not removed, and understands fast-growth again；If ploughing too deep, the earth's surface of fruit tree can be cut off
Root system influences fruit tree development, and a growth cycle domestic demand number of operations is more, can aggravate the loss of water and soil fertilizer.This century 50 years
It since generation, the appearance of chemical herbicide and has been widely used, has developed to the weeding technique of the mankind newly from craft and weeding by machine
Stage, many people believe that the mankind obtain from this and thoroughly defeat the magic weapons of weeds, " can make desperate struggle until disappearing with weeds
Go out last plant of weeds in the world ", however, facts proved that this struggle never terminates.The use of herbicide leads to weeds
Group's composition variation, being driven into other than field to the weeds of herbicide sensitive has the place protected safely, and resistance is miscellaneous
Grass seeds then expands their distribution using the competitive pressure alleviated, fills up the left ecology of weeds institute being destroyed
Blank.Meanwhile some bypass side ruderal species of residence in the past also take advantage of the occasion to invade farmland, become new weeds in field, this i.e. so-called weeds
" compensating effect ".Although in addition, at low cost using chemical agent weeding, quick, weeding is thorough, herbicide development cost
Increasingly increase, price rises steadily, and herbicide has residual in the soil, and long-time service can damage fruit tree root system, cause leaflet
The generation of disease, pollutes the environment, is detrimental to health.And the phytophagous animal or plant for utilizing host range more single-minded
The biological control method of pathogenic microorganism, degrass spectrum is narrow, produces effects slow, the Effects of Factors such as climate are larger.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome drawbacks described above existing for existing weeding technique, provide a kind of utilization
Crop interference technology prevention and control orchard weed, the careless effect of suppression is good, and the organic matter that can improve orchard soil is horizontal, and fertilizing soil is reduced
Soil erosion improves nutrient quality, at low cost, high-efficient, the method for the orchard control grass of no herbicide residue.
The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the technical problems is as follows：A kind of method of orchard control grass, when spring and summer,
It is planted using bitter buckwheat as interference crop, concrete operations are as follows：
（1）Interfere the plantation of crop bitter buckwheat：
It in early and middle ten days in April, ploughs shallowly around fruit tree, then, shines bitter buckwheat seed processed, plantation is broadcasted sowing in mixing seed dressing in time after mixing；
（2）Interfere the management of crop bitter buckwheat：
After bitter buckwheat is sowed 4~5 days, emergence is checked, be short of seedling to block or place that young plant is excessively dilute, reseed in time；
In bitter buckwheat Seedling Stage, when bitter buckwheat does not cover with orchard also, human assistance removes the malignant weed of perennial root；
It does not apply fertilizer before sowing, when bitter buckwheat grows to 20~25cm high, fertilising；
In bitter buckwheat seedling stage, when soil moisture content >=90%, bitter buckwheat root rot and damping-off and cabbage caterpillar and loxostege sticticalis are prevented and treated；
After bitter buckwheat is mature, does not have to harvesting, be allowed to blossom and have seeds in orchard, bitter buckwheat stalk of leaving voluntarily rots to make green manure, seed
It falls into soil and interference crop can be grown to immediately；
15~20 days before plantation autumn and winter interference crop, by remaining bitter buckwheat straw harvesting, uniformly it is sprinkling upon orchard and makees green manure.
Preferably, step（1）In, the kind of the bitter buckwheat seed is Jiujiang bitter buckwheat and/or flat buckwheat six etc..
Preferably, step（1）In, the region of the shallow plowing is the area centered on trunk, except 0.5~1.5m of radius
Domain.The selection of the planting area will not damage sapling, convenient for the management of fruit tree.It is preferred that being ploughed shallowly with mini-tiller, plough shallowly secondary
Number is 1~2 time.
Preferably, step（1）In, the time for shining bitter buckwheat seed processed is 1~2 day.
Preferably, step（1）In, the mixing seed dressing is every 100kg bitter buckwheat seed, with 40% pentachloronitrobenzene pulvis
20~50g of 0.25~0.50kg and zinc sulfate is watered 0.5~1.0kg mixing seed dressing.The seed dressing can effectively prevent seedling stage disease
Evil, it is ensured that seedlings are uniform and strong.
Preferably, step（1）In, broadcasting sowing plantation, sowing quantity is 3.0~4.0kg per acre.Bitter buckwheat broadcasts sowing plantation in shallow plowing
Orchard vacant lot reserves orchard management passageway.The sowing quantity, which can ensure per acre, 8~100,000 seedlings, to reach optimal interference
Effect.The time of plantation is broadcasted sowing as 3~6 days after shallow plowing.
Step（2）In, the place of being short of seedling is reseeded in time, can avoid block occur being short of seedling, and spring and summer soil moisture is sufficient, can protect
Card emergence is fast.
Step（2）In, all there is the malignant weeds of some perennial roots in orchard, although plantation spring and summer interference
Crop can control its fast-growth, but cannot be fully erased, and human assistance is removed more thorough.The malignant weed includes
Herba eleusines indicae, herba digitariae grass, humulus grass, Siberian cocklebur, Horseweed Herb, argy wormwood etc..By interfering the plantation of crop to reduce the frequency of artificial weeding
And intensity, solve more artificial weeding recruitment, large labor intensity and weeding by machine's cutting fruit tree earth's surface root system, a growth week
Multi-pass operation is wanted in phase, aggravates the technical problems such as soil erosion.The bitter buckwheat Seedling Stage, the time that bitter buckwheat does not cover with orchard also is
Late April to May.
Step（2）In, it does not apply fertilizer before sowing, can avoid fertilizer and absorbed by weeds, initiation weed growth is too fast, influences to interfere
The growth of crop.
Preferably, step（2）In, the fertilising refers to：Mu 6~8kg of nitrogen fertilizer application, mu apply 4~6kg of phosphate fertilizer, mu potassium application 8
~10kg.The selection of the Application Ratio is according to bitter buckwheat N:P:K is 4:3:5 regulation of fertilizer requirement, and by the dry of 1000kg per acre
Biomass fertilizer.
Preferably, step（2）In, the method for preventing and treating bitter buckwheat root rot and damping-off is：Per acre with 50% Tuzet 50~
75g or 75% 120~150g of Bravo, is watered 50~70kg and sprays, and sprays every 7~10 days 1 time, even spray 2~3 times.It is described to kill
Microbial inoculum is broad-spectrum germicide, there is good osmosis, still has lethal effect to the germ for having penetrated into plant surface layer, to a variety of
Germ on crop has very strong bactericidal effect.The bitter buckwheat seedling stage is May to early June.
Preferably, step（2）In, the method for preventing and treating cabbage caterpillar and loxostege sticticalis is：Per acre with 5% 8~12g of emamectin benzoate or 2%
20~30mL of abamectin emulsifiable concentrate is watered 50~70kg and sprays.The insecticide is environmental-pollution insecticide, and a drug can be simultaneously
It is effective to various pests.Orchard bitter buckwheat seedling finds every square metre when having >=2 cabbage caterpillars or loxostege sticticalis larva, it is necessary to prevent and treat dish
Green worm and loxostege sticticalis.
Preferably, step（2）In, by bitter buckwheat straw harvesting at 10~15cm long.It is preferred that being carried out using shoulder carrying mower
Harvesting.
Spring and summer controls careless method and is suitable for south and does not go into operation young age or to have a larger thin planting orchard idly.
It is as follows that the present invention solves another technical solution used by its technical problem：A kind of method of orchard control grass, autumn
When winter, planted using rape as interference crop, concrete operations are as follows：
（1）Interfere the plantation of crop rape：
It in early and middle ten days in October, ploughs shallowly around fruit tree, then, shines rape seed processed, plantation is broadcasted sowing in mixing seed dressing in time after mixing；
（2）Interfere the management of crop rape：
After rape seed 4~8 days, emergence is checked, be short of seedling to block or place that young plant is excessively dilute, reseed, spray water in time
Or rush emergence of pouring water；
In the Brassica Napus Seedling phase, when rape does not cover with orchard also, human assistance removes the malignant weed of perennial root；
It does not apply fertilizer before sowing, 28~35 days after rape emergence, fertilising；
In rape seedling, rainy, moist, warm weather, pre- preventing disease and pest are met；
Mid-March next year to early April, rape is gathered in, is uniformly sprinkling upon orchard and makees green manure.
Preferably, step（1）In, the kind of the rape seed is oil fertilizer 1 and/or oil fertilizer 2 etc..
Preferably, step（1）In, the region of the shallow plowing is the area centered on trunk, except 0.5~1.5m of radius
Domain.The selection of the planting area will not damage sapling, convenient for the management of fruit tree.It is preferred that being ploughed shallowly with mini-tiller, plough shallowly secondary
Number is 1~2 time.
Preferably, step（1）In, the time for shining rape seed processed is 1~2 day.
Preferably, step（1）In, mixing seed dressing is every 100kg rape seed, with 50% thiophanate methyl 0.25~
0.50kg is watered 0.5~1.0kg mixing seed dressing.The seed dressing can prevent sclerotinia sclerotiorum.
Preferably, step（1）In, broadcasting sowing plantation, sowing quantity is 0.4~0.6kg per acre.Rape broadcasts sowing plantation in shallow plowing
Orchard vacant lot.The sowing quantity is limited to ensure 3~40,000 seedling per acre, to reach optimal interference effect.Broadcast sowing the time of plantation
It is 3~6 days after shallow plowing.
Step（2）In, the place of being short of seedling is reseeded in time, can avoid block occur being short of seedling, and autumn and winter sprays water, can promote out
Seedling.
Step（2）In, all there is the malignant weeds of some perennial roots in orchard, although plantation interference crop,
Its fast-growth can be controlled, but cannot be fully erased, human assistance is removed more thorough.The malignant weed includes Cowhells
Grass, herba digitariae grass, humulus grass, Siberian cocklebur, Horseweed Herb, argy wormwood etc..By interfere crop plantation reduce artificial weeding frequency and by force
Degree solves more artificial weeding recruitment, large labor intensity and weeding by machine's cutting fruit tree earth's surface root system, in a growth cycle
It wants multi-pass operation, aggravate the technical problems such as soil erosion.The Brassica Napus Seedling phase, the time that rape does not cover with orchard also is October
The last ten-days period to November.
Step（2）In, it does not apply fertilizer before sowing, can avoid fertilizer and absorbed by weeds, initiation weed growth is too fast, influences to interfere
The growth of crop.
Preferably, step（2）In, the fertilising refers to：Mu 10~14kg of nitrogen fertilizer application, mu apply 6~7kg of phosphate fertilizer, and mu applies potassium
Fertilizer 8~10kg, 10~12% 0.4~0.5kg of boron fertilizer.The selection of the Application Ratio is according to rape N:P:K is 6:3:4
Regulation of fertilizer requirement, and by the dry biomass of 1000kg per acre fertilizer.
Preferably, step（2）In, the method for pre- preventing disease and pest is：Per acre with 50% 50~100g of carbendazim or 40,%00 bacterium
Clear 50~100g is watered 40~60kg and sprays.The fungicide carbendazim and Bravo are broad-spectrum germicides, to the bacterium of rape
Core disease and downy mildew significant effect.The rape seedling is late November to early December.
Preferably, step（2）In, per acre with 50% 15~25g of Aphox, it is watered 40~60kg and prevents eliminating aphis by spraying.It is described
Insecticide Aphox has special efficacy to anti-eliminate aphis.
Preferably, step（2）In, rape is gathered in into 10~15cm long.
Autumn and winter controls careless method and is suitable for south and does not go into operation young age or to have a larger thin planting orchard idly.
It is bitter buckwheat that the present invention, which selects the suppression grass interference crop of spring and summer, and the suppression grass interference crop of autumn and winter is rape, is selected
Principle be：Select that annual resistance to dense planting, seedling-growing time is short, growth of seedling is fast, leaf area index is high, fast, plant height of planting hat closing
It is moderate, biomass is moderate, breeding coefficient is high, being of moderate size of root system, to be distributed native surface layer, absorbability moderate, drought-resistant, shade tolerant
Property it is good, cauline leaf is perishable, does not generate secondary hazards to soil and fruit tree, and be suitable for spring and summer or autumn and winter sowing plantation, and want
Asking has the characteristics that moderate growth duration, sowing time elastic big, impoverishment tolerant, resistance to dense planting.
The technical principle of the method for the present invention is：The plantation that spring and summer and autumn and winter interference crop are carried out in orchard, utilizes
The negative effect that crop applies the growth and breeding of neighbouring weeds, to inhibit the growth of various weeds, indirect labor pulls out evil
Property weeds, realize effective prevention and control to orchard weed；Simultaneously using the stalk of interference crop as organic green manure, it is converted into soil
Organic matter, can increase fertilizer orchard soil, and orchard soil organic matter is the important indicator of orchard soil fertility, and the soil organism can be direct
A considerable amount of nutrients and physiological activator are provided for fruit tree growth, it is closely related with output of the fruit tree, fruit quality, be
Orchard can high yield, stable yields and high-quality fruit production primary condition.By using plantation interference crop control grass, increasing soil has
The use of herbicide is reduced or avoided in machine matter, reduces Herbicidal agent residual, reduces soil erosion, effectively improve fruit
Product quality.
The method of the present invention has the beneficial effect that：The method of the present invention utilizes Crop interference technology prevention and control orchard weed, is a kind of
Non-chemical herbicidal methods, the careless effect of suppression is good, and the organic matter that can significantly improve orchard soil is horizontal, and fertilizing soil reduces water and soil stream
It loses, improves nutrient quality, at low cost, high-efficient, no herbicide residue.
Specific embodiment
Below with reference to embodiment, the invention will be further described.
No. six Jiujiang bitter buckwheat used in the embodiment of the present invention, flat buckwheat bitter buckwheat seeds, fertile No. 2 rape seeds of oil fertilizer 1, oil
It is purchased from seed sale shops；Raw material or chemical reagent used in the embodiment of the present invention pass through routine unless otherwise specified
Commercial sources obtain.
Embodiment 1
The operation land used of the present embodiment is：The crystal sugar orange orchard of Chenzhou City Yongxing County Cheng Xin crystal sugar orange Specialty Co-operative Organization.
When spring and summer, planted using Jiujiang bitter buckwheat as interference crop, concrete operations are as follows：
（1）Interfere the plantation of crop bitter buckwheat：
In on 04 05th, 2016, around fruit tree centered on trunk, region except radius 1.2m ploughed shallowly 1 with mini-tiller
It is secondary, then, shine Jiujiang bitter buckwheat seed 1.5 days processed, on 04 09th, 2016, the every Jiujiang 100kg bitter buckwheat seed, with 40% five
Chloronitrobenzene pulvis 0.35kg and zinc sulfate 30g is watered 0.6kg mixing seed dressing, is broadcasted sowing after mixing with sowing quantity per acre for 3.2kg
It plants in the orchard vacant lot of shallow plowing, reserves orchard management passageway；
（2）Interfere the management of crop bitter buckwheat：
In on 04 14th, 2016, emergence is checked, be short of seedling to block or place that young plant is excessively dilute, reseed in time；
In on 04 29th, 2016, in bitter buckwheat Seedling Stage, when bitter buckwheat does not cover with orchard also, human assistance removed perennial root
Malignant weed；
It does not apply fertilizer before sowing, on May 03rd, 2016, when bitter buckwheat grows to 22cm high, mu nitrogen fertilizer application 7kg, mu applied phosphate fertilizer
5kg, mu potassium application 9kg；
In bitter buckwheat seedling stage, soil moisture content >=92When %, respectively on May 07th, 2016 and on May 16th, 2016, use per acre
50% Tuzet 70g, is watered 60kg and sprays, for preventing and treating bitter buckwheat root rot and damping-off；In on May 18th, 2016, orchard was bitter
Buckwheat seedling finds that every square metre has 4~5 cabbage caterpillars or loxostege sticticalis larva, per acre with 5% emamectin benzoate 10g, is watered 60kg and sprays,
Prevent and treat cabbage caterpillar and loxostege sticticalis；
After bitter buckwheat is mature, does not have to harvesting, be allowed to blossom and have seeds in orchard, bitter buckwheat stalk of leaving voluntarily rots to make green manure, seed
It falls into soil and interference crop can be grown to immediately；
In on 09 25th, 2016, remaining bitter buckwheat straw harvesting is uniformly spread at 12~14cm long section with shoulder carrying mower
Make green manure in orchard.
When autumn and winter, planted using oily fertile No. 1 rape as interference crop, concrete operations are as follows：
（1）Interfere the plantation of crop rape：
On October 07th, 2016, around fruit tree centered on trunk, region except radius 1.2m ploughed shallowly 1 with mini-tiller
It is secondary, then, shine liquefaction fertilizer 1 rape seed 1.5 days, on October 12nd, 2016, every fertile No. 1 rape seed of 100kg oil was used
50% thiophanate methyl 0.35kg is watered 0.5kg mixing seed dressing, broadcasts sowing plantation in shallow for 0.45kg with sowing quantity per acre after mixing
Cultivated orchard vacant lot；
（2）Interfere the management of crop rape：
On October 17th, 2016, emergence is checked, be short of seedling to block or place that young plant is excessively dilute, reseed, pour water in time
Promote emergence；
On October 29th, 2016, in the Brassica Napus Seedling phase, when rape does not cover with orchard also, human assistance removed perennial root
Malignant weed；
It does not apply fertilizer before sowing, on November 14th, 2016,28 days after rape emergence, mu nitrogen fertilizer application 11kg, mu applied phosphate fertilizer 6kg,
Mu potassium application 9kg, 12% boron fertilizer 0.4kg；
In rape seedling, meets rainy, moist, warm weather and, per acre with 50% carbendazim 70g, converted on November 27th, 2016
Water 50kg is sprayed, pre- preventing disease and pest, on November 29th, 2016, per acre with 50% Aphox 20g, is watered 50kg and is prevented and treated aphid by spraying
Worm；
In on 03 18th, 2017, rape is gathered in into 11~13cm long section, orchard is uniformly sprinkling upon and makees green manure.
While the embodiment of the present invention carries out, in neighbouring another two pieces of crystal sugar orange orchards land used, at the age of tree etc. other
In the identical situation of part, one piece is not planted interference crop, does not also use herbicide, only with micro- weeding, another piece is not planted
Crop is interfered, only with herbicide weeding.
In on 04 04th, 2016, the land used of the embodiment of the present invention of 20cm depth and neighbouring another two pieces of crystal sugar orange orchards is taken to use
The upper soll layer soil sample on ground is chemically examined, and measuring the soil organism is 2.26%；In on 04 10th, 2017,20cm was taken respectively
The upper soll layer soil sample of deep orchard of embodiment of the present invention land used and neighbouring another two pieces of crystal sugar orange orchards land used is chemically examined, and is surveyed
Obtaining the soil organism is respectively 2.35%, 2.28% and 2.24%, is illustrated organic using the crystal sugar orange orchard soil of interference crop control grass
Matter content significantly improves, and is higher than the crystal sugar orange orchard soil using other method control grass.
On November 30th, 2017, orchard of embodiment of the present invention land used and neighbouring another two pieces of crystal sugar orange orchards land used are investigated
Practical per mu yield be respectively 1439kg, 1325kg and 1378kg, illustrate to increase production using the crystal sugar orange garden of interference crop control grass bright
It is aobvious.
On December 1st, 2017, to orchard of embodiment of the present invention land used and neighbouring another two pieces of crystal sugar orange orchards land used institute
The crystal sugar orange of production is sampled chemical examination respectively, and sugared part content is 12.47g/100mL, 12.41g/100mL and 12.38g/ respectively
100mL illustrates to be apparently higher than using the produced crystal sugar orange sugar part content in crystal sugar orange garden of interference crop control grass using other methods
Control the produced crystal sugar orange in crystal sugar orange garden of grass.
Embodiment 2
The operation land used of the present embodiment is：The county Huaihua City Jing Zhou Red Star red bayberry garden.
When spring and summer, planted using flat buckwheat six as interference crop, concrete operations are as follows：
（1）Interfere the plantation of crop bitter buckwheat：
In on 04 18th, 2016, around fruit tree centered on trunk, region except radius 0.9m ploughed shallowly 1 with mini-tiller
It is secondary, then, shines and make the flat seed 2 days of buckwheat six, on 04 23rd, 2016, every flat No. six seeds of buckwheat of 100kg, with 40% pentachloro-
Nitrobenzene pulvis 0.4kg and zinc sulfate 40g is watered 0.8kg mixing seed dressing, broadcasts sowing kind with sowing quantity per acre after mixing for 3.6kg
It plants in the orchard vacant lot of shallow plowing, reserves orchard management passageway；
（2）Interfere the management of crop bitter buckwheat：
In on 04 28th, 2016, emergence is checked, be short of seedling to block or place that young plant is excessively dilute, reseed in time；
In on May 15th, 2016, in bitter buckwheat Seedling Stage, when bitter buckwheat does not cover with orchard also, human assistance removed perennial root
Malignant weed；
It does not apply fertilizer before sowing, on May 19th, 2016, when bitter buckwheat grows to 20cm high, mu nitrogen fertilizer application 8kg, mu applied phosphate fertilizer
6kg, mu potassium application 10kg；
In bitter buckwheat seedling stage, when soil moisture content >=90%, respectively on May 22nd, 2016 and on 06 01st, 2016, use per acre
75% Bravo 130g, is watered 50kg and sprays, and prevents and treats bitter buckwheat root rot and damping-off, and on 06 04th, 2016, orchard bitter buckwheat was young
Seedling finds that every square metre has 3~4 cabbage caterpillars or loxostege sticticalis larva, per acre with 2% abamectin emulsifiable concentrate 25mL, is watered 60kg spray
It applies, prevents and treats cabbage caterpillar and loxostege sticticalis；
After bitter buckwheat is mature, does not have to harvesting, be allowed to blossom and have seeds in orchard, bitter buckwheat stalk of leaving voluntarily rots to make green manure, seed
It falls into soil and interference crop can be grown to immediately；
In on 09 23rd, 2016, remaining bitter buckwheat straw harvesting is uniformly spread at 11~13cm long section with shoulder carrying mower
Make green manure in orchard.
When autumn and winter, planted using oily fertile No. 2 rapes as interference crop, concrete operations are as follows：
（1）Interfere the plantation of crop rape：
On October 05th, 2016, around fruit tree centered on trunk, region except radius 1.0m ploughed shallowly 1 with mini-tiller
It is secondary, then, shine liquefaction fertilizer 2 rape seed 1 day, on October 08th, 2016, every fertile No. 2 rape seeds of 100kg oil, with 50%
Thiophanate methyl 0.4kg is watered 0.7kg mixing seed dressing, broadcasts sowing plantation in the fruit of shallow plowing for 0.5kg with sowing quantity per acre after mixing
Garden vacant lot；
（2）Interfere the management of crop rape：
On October 15th, 2016, emergence is checked, be short of seedling to block or place that young plant is excessively dilute, reseed, spray water in time
Promote emergence；
On October 26th, 2016, in the Brassica Napus Seedling phase, when rape does not cover with orchard also, human assistance removed perennial root
Malignant weed；
It does not apply fertilizer before sowing, on November 16th, 2016,32 days after rape emergence, mu nitrogen fertilizer application 13kg, mu applied phosphate fertilizer 7kg,
Mu potassium application 10kg, 10% boron fertilizer 0.45kg；
In rape seedling, meets rainy, moist, warm weather and be watered per acre with 40% Bravo 60g on December 02nd, 2016
60kg is sprayed, pre- preventing disease and pest, on December 04th, 2016, per acre with 50% Aphox 25g, is watered 45kg and is prevented eliminating aphis by spraying；
In on 04 03rd, 2017, rape is gathered in into 12~14cm long section, orchard is uniformly sprinkling upon and makees green manure.
While the embodiment of the present invention carries out, in neighbouring another two pieces of red bayberries orchard land used, in other conditions such as the age of tree
In identical situation, one piece is not planted interference crop, does not also use herbicide, only with mini-tiller weeding, another piece is not planted
Crop is interfered, only with herbicide weeding.
In on 04 17th, 2016, the land used of the embodiment of the present invention and neighbouring another two pieces of red bayberries orchard land used of 20cm depth are taken
Upper soll layer soil sample chemically examined, measuring the soil organism is 2.14%；In on 04 18th, 2017, take 20cm deep respectively
Orchard of embodiment of the present invention land used and the upper soll layer soil sample of neighbouring another two pieces of red bayberries orchard land used chemically examined, measure soil
Earth organic matter is respectively 2.18%, 2.09% and 1.96%, illustrates have using the red bayberry Orchard Soil content of organic matter of interference crop control grass
It is improved, and is apparently higher than the red bayberry orchard soil using other method control grass.
In on 06 22nd, 2017, the reality of orchard of embodiment of the present invention land used and neighbouring another two pieces of orchard lands used is investigated
Per mu yield is respectively 667kg, 623kg and 659kg, is illustrated obvious using the red bayberry garden volume increase of interference crop control grass.
For carrying out the careless management of autumn and winter control with larger orchard idly after harvest, be conducive to bud differentiation, simultaneously
Fertilizing soil.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of method of orchard control grass, it is characterised in that：
When spring and summer, planted using bitter buckwheat as interference crop, concrete operations are as follows：
（1）Interfere the plantation of crop bitter buckwheat：
It in early and middle ten days in April, ploughs shallowly around fruit tree, then, shines bitter buckwheat seed processed, plantation is broadcasted sowing in mixing seed dressing in time after mixing；
（2）Interfere the management of crop bitter buckwheat：
After bitter buckwheat is sowed 4~5 days, emergence is checked, be short of seedling to block or place that young plant is excessively dilute, reseed in time；
In bitter buckwheat Seedling Stage, when bitter buckwheat does not cover with orchard also, human assistance removes the malignant weed of perennial root；
It does not apply fertilizer before sowing, when bitter buckwheat grows to 20~25cm high, fertilising；
In bitter buckwheat seedling stage, when soil moisture content >=90%, bitter buckwheat root rot and damping-off and cabbage caterpillar and loxostege sticticalis are prevented and treated；
After bitter buckwheat is mature, does not have to harvesting, be allowed to blossom and have seeds in orchard, bitter buckwheat stalk of leaving voluntarily rots to make green manure, seed
It falls into soil and interference crop can be grown to immediately；
15~20 days before plantation autumn and winter interference crop, by remaining bitter buckwheat straw harvesting, uniformly it is sprinkling upon orchard and makees green manure.
2. the method for orchard control grass according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Step（1）In, the kind of the bitter buckwheat seed
For Jiujiang bitter buckwheat and/or flat buckwheat six；The region of the shallow plowing is the region centered on trunk, except 0.5~1.5m of radius；
The time for shining bitter buckwheat seed processed is 1~2 day；The mixing seed dressing is every 100kg bitter buckwheat seed, with 40% pentachloronitrobenzene pulvis
20~50g of 0.25~0.50kg and zinc sulfate is watered 0.5~1.0kg mixing seed dressing；Broadcast sowing plantation per acre sowing quantity be 3.0~
4.0kg。
3. the method for control grass in orchard according to claim 1 or claim 2, it is characterised in that：Step（2）In, the fertilising refers to：Mu
6~8kg of nitrogen fertilizer application, mu apply 4~6kg of phosphate fertilizer, 8~10kg of mu potassium application；Prevention and treatment bitter buckwheat root rot and the method for damping-off are：Often
Mu 50% 50~75g of Tuzet or 75% 120~150g of Bravo, is watered 50~70kg and sprays, sprayed every 7~10 days 1 time,
Even spray 2~3 times；Prevention and treatment cabbage caterpillar and the method for loxostege sticticalis are：Per acre with 5% 8~12g of emamectin benzoate or 2% abamectin emulsifiable concentrate 20
~30mL is watered 50~70kg and sprays；By bitter buckwheat straw harvesting at 10~15cm long.
4. a kind of method of orchard control grass, it is characterised in that：
When autumn and winter, planted using rape as interference crop, concrete operations are as follows：
（1）Interfere the plantation of crop rape：
It in early and middle ten days in October, ploughs shallowly around fruit tree, then, shines rape seed processed, plantation is broadcasted sowing in mixing seed dressing in time after mixing；
（2）Interfere the management of crop rape：
After rape seed 4~8 days, emergence is checked, be short of seedling to block or place that young plant is excessively dilute, reseed, spray water in time
Or rush emergence of pouring water；
In the Brassica Napus Seedling phase, when rape does not cover with orchard also, human assistance removes the malignant weed of perennial root；
It does not apply fertilizer before sowing, 28~35 days after rape emergence, fertilising；
In rape seedling, rainy, moist, warm weather, pre- preventing disease and pest are met；
Mid-March next year to early April, rape is gathered in, is uniformly sprinkling upon orchard and makees green manure.
5. the method for orchard control grass according to claim 4, it is characterised in that：Step（1）In, the kind of the rape seed
For oily fertilizer 1 and/or oil fertilizer 2；The region of the shallow plowing is the region centered on trunk, except 0.5~1.5m of radius；It shines
The time of rape seed processed is 1~2 day；Mixing seed dressing is every 100kg rape seed, with 50% thiophanate methyl 0.25~
0.50kg is watered 0.5~1.0kg mixing seed dressing；Broadcasting sowing plantation, sowing quantity is 0.4~0.6kg per acre.
6. the method for control grass in orchard according to claim 4 or 5, it is characterised in that：Step（2）In, the fertilising refers to：Mu
10~14kg of nitrogen fertilizer application, mu apply 6~7kg of phosphate fertilizer, mu potassium application 8~10kg, 10~12% 0.4~0.5kg of boron fertilizer；Pre- diseases prevention
The method of insect pest is：Per acre with 50% 50~100g of carbendazim or 40% 50~100g of Bravo, it is watered 40~60kg and sprays；Per acre
With 50% 15~25g of Aphox, it is watered 40~60kg and prevents eliminating aphis by spraying；Rape is gathered in into 10~15cm long.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN111011113A (en) * | 2019-12-24 | 2020-04-17 | 中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所 | Application of coptidis rhizoma and bermudagrass in ecological control of orchard |
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