CN108808180A - The phase shifter structure and mixer architecture of suspended substrate stripline are integrated based on medium - Google Patents
The phase shifter structure and mixer architecture of suspended substrate stripline are integrated based on medium Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及射频微波电路技术领域，具体涉及基于介质集成悬置线的移相器结构及混频 器结构。The invention relates to the technical field of radio frequency microwave circuits, in particular to a phase shifter structure and a mixer structure based on dielectric integrated suspension lines.
背景技术Background technique
射频微波电路中对电路的性能在低损耗、小型化、高集成度方面提出了越来越高的要求。 移相器是射频微波电路中常用的一种无源电路结构，能够应用于天线馈电网络、波束扫描网 络以及其他移相电路中。常用的无源移相器种类有Schiffman移相器、加载开路短路枝节移相 器等。其中比较常用的Schiffman移相器，一般由耦合线枝节以及传输线构成。由于通常采用 窄边耦合，在强耦合度的情况下，对耦合缝隙的要求较高，增大了加工难度。此外，对于微 带结构而言，辐射损耗相对较大，因此通常金属壳体进行封装，也会导致加工成本和体积重 量增大。In RF microwave circuits, higher and higher requirements are put forward for circuit performance in terms of low loss, miniaturization, and high integration. A phase shifter is a passive circuit structure commonly used in radio frequency microwave circuits, and can be applied to antenna feed networks, beam scanning networks, and other phase shifting circuits. Commonly used passive phase shifters include Schiffman phase shifters, loaded open-circuit short-circuit stub phase shifters, and so on. Among them, the more commonly used Schiffman phase shifter is generally composed of coupling line stubs and transmission lines. Since narrow-side coupling is usually used, in the case of strong coupling, the requirements for coupling gaps are higher, which increases the difficulty of processing. In addition, for the microstrip structure, the radiation loss is relatively large, so it is usually packaged in a metal case, which will also increase the processing cost and volume weight.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明所要解决的技术问题是提供基于介质集成悬置线的移相器结构，解决当前的常用 移相器插入损耗较大的问题，并利用该移相器结构设计了一种低变频损耗的混频器结构。The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a phase shifter structure based on dielectric integrated suspension lines, to solve the problem of large insertion loss of the current commonly used phase shifter, and to design a low frequency conversion loss by using the phase shifter structure mixer structure.
本发明通过下述技术方案实现：The present invention realizes through following technical scheme:
基于介质集成悬置线的移相器结构，包括贴片移相器和介质集成悬置线平台；所述贴片 移相器的两条路径均为三角贴片结构，将三角贴片结构封装固定在介质集成悬置线平台的空 气腔体中，所述三角贴片结构与介质集成悬置线平台的空气腔体对应。The phase shifter structure based on the dielectric integrated suspension line includes a patch phase shifter and a dielectric integrated suspension line platform; the two paths of the patch phase shifter are both triangular patch structures, and the triangular patch structure is packaged It is fixed in the air cavity of the medium-integrated suspension line platform, and the triangular patch structure corresponds to the air cavity of the medium-integrated suspension line platform.
具体的，所述移相器包括两个三角贴片结构，直角接地的三角贴片为移相器的主要路径， 直角开路的三角贴片为移相器的参考相位路径，两个三角贴片的输入输出端口的馈电位置均 设置在其直角边上，且两个三角贴片的斜边上均设置有一个长条槽结构；两条路径的相位差 为该移相器的相移量。Specifically, the phase shifter includes two triangular patch structures, the right-angled grounded triangular patch is the main path of the phase shifter, the right-angled open-circuited triangular patch is the reference phase path of the phase shifter, and the two triangular patches The feed positions of the input and output ports of the TS are all set on the right-angled sides, and a long slot structure is set on the hypotenuses of the two triangular patches; the phase difference between the two paths is the phase shift amount of the phase shifter .
具体的，所述移相器的两个三角贴片的工作带宽均覆盖该移相器所要求的宽带范围。Specifically, the working bandwidths of the two triangular patches of the phase shifter both cover the required broadband range of the phase shifter.
具体的，所述移相器的两个三角贴片各自的传输相位随频率变化的斜率相等，且在中心 工作频率处，相位差为所需要的移相量。Specifically, the slopes of the transmission phases of the two triangular patches of the phase shifter as a function of frequency are equal, and at the central operating frequency, the phase difference is the required phase shift amount.
具体的，通过调节槽的长度、三角贴片的边长、接地位置的尺寸，来改变该移相器的工 作频率和相位特性。Specifically, the operating frequency and phase characteristics of the phase shifter are changed by adjusting the length of the slot, the side length of the triangular patch, and the size of the grounding position.
具体的，所述介质集成悬置线平台包括自上而下的第一层至第五层介质基板；每层介质 基板的正面和背面均设有金属层；其中，第一层和第五层介质基板分别为介质集成悬置线的 上下盖板，第二层和第四层介质基板进行镂空处理形成空气腔体，所述空气腔体与三角贴片 结构对应，所述三角贴片结构置于第三层介质基板上，且第三层介质基板的非电路部分进行 镂空处理。Specifically, the dielectric integrated suspension line platform includes first to fifth layers of dielectric substrates from top to bottom; each layer of dielectric substrate is provided with a metal layer on the front and back; wherein, the first layer and the fifth layer The dielectric substrates are the upper and lower cover plates of the dielectric integrated suspension line, and the second and fourth layer dielectric substrates are hollowed out to form air cavities. The air cavities correspond to the triangular patch structure, and the triangular patch structure is placed On the third-layer dielectric substrate, the non-circuit part of the third-layer dielectric substrate is hollowed out.
具体的，将五层介质基板按照顺序进行压合连接在一起，形成两个与三角贴片结构对应 的空气腔体结构，该空气腔体结构外周设置了多个金属化通孔，配合介质基板正面和背面的 金属层，实现电磁屏蔽。Specifically, the five-layer dielectric substrates are pressed and connected together in order to form two air cavity structures corresponding to the triangular patch structure. A plurality of metallized through holes are arranged on the outer periphery of the air cavity structure to match the dielectric substrate. Metal layers on the front and back for electromagnetic shielding.
另一方面，本发明还基于上述移相器结构，提出了基于介质集成悬置线的贴片混频器结 构，包括上述的三角贴片结构移相器、贴片耦合器和两个反向的肖特基二极管。On the other hand, based on the above-mentioned phase shifter structure, the present invention proposes a patch mixer structure based on dielectric integrated suspension lines, including the above-mentioned triangular patch structure phase shifter, patch coupler and two reverse Schottky diodes.
本发明具有如下的优点和有益效果：The present invention has following advantage and beneficial effect:
1、本发明通过在第三层介质板的上下金属层同时进行信号走线，同时利用金属化通孔进 行连接，可以减小电路的导体损耗。其次，除了第二层介质板和第四层介质板进行镂空操作 形成空气腔体结构外，主要电路所位于的第三层介质基板的非电路部分也进行介质挖除，可 以进一步减小介质损耗。最后，利用的介质集成悬置线的对内部电路的电磁屏蔽特性，可以 减小内部贴片的辐射损耗。1. The present invention can reduce the conductor loss of the circuit by simultaneously performing signal wiring on the upper and lower metal layers of the third layer dielectric board, and using metallized through holes for connection at the same time. Secondly, in addition to hollowing out the second-layer dielectric board and the fourth-layer dielectric board to form an air cavity structure, the non-circuit part of the third-layer dielectric substrate where the main circuit is located is also excavated, which can further reduce the dielectric loss . Finally, using the electromagnetic shielding characteristics of the dielectric integrated suspension line to the internal circuit can reduce the radiation loss of the internal patch.
2、本发明与传统的波导悬置线电路结构相比，不需要额外的金属壳体以及后期装配，能 够减小电路成本，减小电路重量，并利用多层印制介质基板的加工工艺，实现自封装的优势。 同时，由于传统的贴片结构的电路具有很强的辐射损耗，一般都要额外的金属壳体进行屏蔽 才可以减小电路的辐射损耗。而基于自封装的介质集成悬置线平台，辐射损耗可以减小到最 小。2. Compared with the traditional waveguide suspension line circuit structure, the present invention does not require additional metal shells and post-assembly, can reduce circuit cost and circuit weight, and utilizes the processing technology of multi-layer printed medium substrates, Realize the advantages of self-encapsulation. At the same time, due to the strong radiation loss of the traditional patch structure circuit, an additional metal shell is usually required for shielding to reduce the radiation loss of the circuit. However, based on the self-encapsulated dielectric integrated suspension line platform, the radiation loss can be reduced to a minimum.
3、对于传统的移相器结构，通常参考线为均匀的传输线结构。本发明的贴片移相器的两 条路径均采用的贴片结构。由于贴片结构的平面面积相对于较窄的传输线具有更大的金属面 积，损耗也比较小。通过固定参考贴片，调整主要贴片的尺寸参数，可以实现不同移相量的 移相器结构，进而实现多路多相位的优势。3. For the traditional phase shifter structure, usually the reference line is a uniform transmission line structure. Both paths of the patch phase shifter of the present invention adopt patch structures. Since the planar area of the patch structure has a larger metal area than a narrower transmission line, the loss is also relatively small. By fixing the reference patch and adjusting the size parameters of the main patch, phase shifter structures with different phase shift amounts can be realized, thereby realizing the advantages of multi-channel and multi-phase.
附图说明Description of drawings
此处所说明的附图用来提供对本发明实施例的进一步理解，构成本申请的一部分，并不 构成对本发明实施例的限定。在附图中：The accompanying drawings described here are used to provide a further understanding of the embodiments of the present invention, constitute a part of the application, and do not constitute a limitation to the embodiments of the present invention. In the attached picture:
图1为本发明的移相器结构原理图。Fig. 1 is a structural principle diagram of the phase shifter of the present invention.
图2为本发明的三角贴片结构移相器在介质集成悬置线平台上实现的示意图。Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the triangular patch structure phase shifter of the present invention implemented on a medium-integrated suspension line platform.
图2中：(a)-参考贴片，(b)-主要贴片。In Fig. 2: (a) - reference patch, (b) - main patch.
图3为本发明的三角贴片结构移相器在介质集成悬置线平台上的平面示意图。FIG. 3 is a schematic plan view of a triangular patch structure phase shifter of the present invention on a medium-integrated suspension line platform.
图3中：(a)-参考贴片，(b)-主要贴片。In Fig. 3: (a) - reference patch, (b) - main patch.
图4为本发明的基于介质集成悬置线的移相器仿真和测试结果图。Fig. 4 is a diagram of the simulation and test results of the phase shifter based on the dielectric integrated suspension line of the present invention.
图4中：(a)-参考线，(b)-45度贴片，(c)-60度贴片，(d)-90度贴片。In Fig. 4: (a)-reference line, (b)-45 degree patch, (c)-60 degree patch, (d)-90 degree patch.
图5为本发明的混频器结构原理图。Fig. 5 is a structural principle diagram of the mixer of the present invention.
图6为帮忙的混频器结构在介质集成悬置线平台上实现的示意图。Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the helper mixer structure realized on the medium-integrated suspension line platform.
图6中：(a)-第三层介质基板示意图，(b)-五层介质基板压合成的整体实物图。In Fig. 6: (a) - the schematic diagram of the third layer of dielectric substrate, (b) - the overall physical picture of the five layers of dielectric substrate laminated.
图7为本发明的混频器的测试图。Fig. 7 is a test chart of the mixer of the present invention.
图7中：(a)-变频损耗随本振功率的变化，(b)-变频损耗随中频带宽的变化，(c)-本 振到射频以及本振到中频的隔离。In Fig. 7: (a)-variation of frequency conversion loss with LO power, (b)-variation of frequency conversion loss with IF bandwidth, (c)-isolation from LO to RF and from LO to IF.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
为使本发明的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚明白，下面结合实施例和附图，对本发明 作进一步的详细说明，本发明的示意性实施方式及其说明仅用于解释本发明，并不作为对本 发明的限定。In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the examples and accompanying drawings. As a limitation of the present invention.
实施例1Example 1
本实施例通过使用三角贴片结构，较大的表面面积能够减小电路的导体损耗。另外基于 介质集成悬置线的加工平台，将贴片结构置于多层介质板空气腔体内部，外周采用金属化孔 和金属层，形成屏蔽环境，能够三角贴片的辐射损耗。另外，将电路部分的多余介质进行挖 除，进一步减小电路的介质损耗。In this embodiment, by using a triangular patch structure, the larger surface area can reduce the conductor loss of the circuit. In addition, based on the processing platform of the dielectric integrated suspension line, the patch structure is placed inside the air cavity of the multi-layer dielectric board, and the outer periphery adopts metallized holes and metal layers to form a shielding environment, which can triangulate the radiation loss of the patch. In addition, the redundant dielectric of the circuit part is excavated to further reduce the dielectric loss of the circuit.
如图1所示，三角贴片移相器包含两个三角贴片结构，在斜边上均有一个长条槽结构。 其中，直角接地的贴片可以作为该移相器的主要路径，直角开路的贴片作为该移相器的参考 相位路径。输入输出端口的馈电的位置都放置在移相器的直角边上。这两条路径的相位差为 该移相器的相移量。另外，为了保证该移相器在一个比较宽的频带范围内能够有比较恒定的 移相，一方面要求这两个三角贴片各自的工作带宽均覆盖该移相器所要求的带宽范围，另外 一方面，要求这两个三角贴片的各自传输相位随着随频率变化的斜率相等，并且同时，在中 心工作频率处，相位差为所需要的移相量。As shown in Figure 1, the triangular patch phase shifter includes two triangular patch structures, each of which has a long groove structure on the hypotenuse. Among them, the right-angle ground patch can be used as the main path of the phase shifter, and the right-angle open patch is used as the reference phase path of the phase shifter. The feed positions of the input and output ports are placed on the right-angle sides of the phase shifter. The phase difference of these two paths is the phase shift amount of the phase shifter. In addition, in order to ensure that the phase shifter can have a relatively constant phase shift in a relatively wide frequency range, on the one hand, the respective working bandwidths of the two triangular patches are required to cover the bandwidth range required by the phase shifter. On the one hand, it is required that the respective transmission phases of the two triangular patches have the same slope as the frequency varies, and at the same time, at the central operating frequency, the phase difference is the required phase shift amount.
如图2所示，该三角贴片移相器在介质集成悬置线的平台上实现。所述介质集成悬置线 平台包括自上而下的第一层至第五层介质基板；每层介质基板的正面和背面均设有金属层； 其中，第一层和第五层介质基板分别为介质集成悬置线的上下盖板，第二层和第四层介质基 板进行镂空处理形成空气腔体，所述空气腔体与三角贴片结构对应，所述三角贴片结构置于 第三层介质基板上，且第三层介质基板的非电路部分进行镂空处理。将该三角贴片结构主要 置于介质集成悬置线的第三层介质基板上，第二层和第四层介质基板进行镂空操作，当这五 层介质基板按照顺序进行压合连接在一起后，将自然地形成悬置线电路所需要的两个空气腔 体结构。As shown in Figure 2, the triangular patch phase shifter is implemented on a medium-integrated suspension line platform. The dielectric integrated suspension line platform includes the first to fifth layers of dielectric substrates from top to bottom; the front and back of each layer of dielectric substrates are provided with metal layers; wherein, the first layer and the fifth layer of dielectric substrates are respectively The upper and lower cover plates of the medium integrated suspension line, the second layer and the fourth layer of the dielectric substrate are hollowed out to form an air cavity, the air cavity corresponds to the triangular patch structure, and the triangular patch structure is placed on the third On the first layer of dielectric substrate, and the non-circuit part of the third layer of dielectric substrate is hollowed out. The triangular patch structure is mainly placed on the third dielectric substrate of the dielectric integrated suspension line, and the second and fourth dielectric substrates are hollowed out. When the five dielectric substrates are pressed and connected in sequence , will naturally form the two air cavity structures required by the suspension line circuit.
从平面示意图3可以看到，在空气腔体周围设置了大量金属化通孔，一方面可以配合上 下的金属地层实现电磁屏蔽的功能，另一方面能够连接空气腔体外围的接地层实现更好的接 地效果。对于参考贴片，直角处处于开路状态；对于主要贴片，直角处连接到边缘的接地位 置。As can be seen from the schematic diagram 3, a large number of metallized through holes are set around the air cavity. On the one hand, it can cooperate with the upper and lower metal formations to realize the electromagnetic shielding function. On the other hand, it can connect the grounding layer around the air cavity to achieve better grounding effect. For the reference patch, the right corners are open; for the main patch, the right corners are connected to ground at the edge.
通过调节槽的长度，三角贴片的边长，接地位置的尺寸等，去改变该移相位的工作频率 和相位特性。最终实现了45度、60度、90度这三种不同相位的移相器件结构，他们共用了 一个参考贴片结构。他们的参数尺寸如下表所示：By adjusting the length of the slot, the side length of the triangular patch, the size of the grounding position, etc., the operating frequency and phase characteristics of the phase shifter can be changed. Finally, three phase-shifting device structures with different phases of 45 degrees, 60 degrees and 90 degrees were realized, and they shared a reference patch structure. Their parameter sizes are shown in the table below:
对上述实现的45度、60度、90度这三种不同相位的移相器件结构进行仿真测试，得到 仿真和测试结果如图4所示，且根据仿真和测试图可知，本实施例的基于介质集成悬置线的 移相器结构工作于23GHz到28GHz，测试的损耗约为0.3dB，相较于现有的移相器性能具有显 著的提升，且移相误差小。The phase-shifting device structures of the three different phases of 45 degrees, 60 degrees, and 90 degrees realized above are simulated and tested, and the simulation and test results are shown in Figure 4, and according to the simulation and test diagrams, the present embodiment is based on The phase shifter structure of the dielectric integrated suspension line works from 23GHz to 28GHz, and the test loss is about 0.3dB. Compared with the existing phase shifter, the performance is significantly improved, and the phase shift error is small.
实施例2Example 2
本实施例基于实施例1实现的移相器结构，提出了一种低变频损耗的混频器结构。本实 施例的一种混频器结构，如图5所示，该混频器由90度的耦合器，90度的移相器(主要贴 片和参考贴片构成)，匹配网络，一对肖特基二极管，以及低筒滤波器构成。本振信号LO与 射频信号RF分别从耦合器的2个端口输出(该两端口是隔离的)，分别于90度移相器的两个路径连接，再与匹配网络相连(匹配网络的作用是实现不同阻抗终端之间的匹配，实现较好的传输性能)。匹配网络均与肖特基二极管连接，2个二极管是方向相反。最后，两个二极管合成一路，通过低通滤波器LPF输出，得到需要的中频信号IF，实现了变频混频功能。This embodiment proposes a mixer structure with low frequency conversion loss based on the phase shifter structure implemented in Embodiment 1. A kind of mixer structure of this embodiment, as shown in Figure 5, this mixer is made up of 90 degree coupler, 90 degree phase shifter (main patch and reference patch), matching network, a pair of Schottky diodes, and a low barrel filter constitute. The local oscillator signal LO and the radio frequency signal RF are output from the two ports of the coupler (the two ports are isolated), respectively connected to the two paths of the 90-degree phase shifter, and then connected to the matching network (the role of the matching network is To achieve matching between different impedance terminals, to achieve better transmission performance). Both matching networks are connected to Schottky diodes, and the two diodes are in opposite directions. Finally, the two diodes are synthesized into one circuit, and output through the low-pass filter LPF to obtain the required intermediate frequency signal IF, realizing the function of frequency conversion and mixing.
本实施例通过采用上述实施例1中实现的90度三角贴片移相器与一个90度贴片耦合器 结合，构成一个180度的耦合器，同时利用两个反向的肖特基二极管实现混频特性，输出的 中频信号通过低通滤波器输出，并将上述混频器结构在介质集成悬置线平台上实现，如图6 所示；对本实施例的基于介质集成悬置线的混频器结构进行测试，得到如图7所示的测试图， 由测试图可知，本实施例的混频器具有较低的变频损耗。In this embodiment, a 180-degree coupler is formed by combining the 90-degree triangular patch phase shifter realized in the above-mentioned embodiment 1 with a 90-degree patch coupler. At the same time, two reverse Schottky diodes are used to realize Mixing characteristics, the output intermediate frequency signal is output through a low-pass filter, and the above-mentioned mixer structure is realized on a medium-integrated suspension line platform, as shown in Figure 6; the mixer based on the medium-integrated suspension line of this embodiment The frequency converter structure is tested, and the test chart shown in FIG. 7 is obtained. It can be seen from the test chart that the mixer of this embodiment has relatively low frequency conversion loss.
以上所述的具体实施方式，对本发明的目的、技术方案和有益效果进行了进一步详细说 明，所应理解的是，以上所述仅为本发明的具体实施方式而已，并不用于限定本发明的保护 范围，凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所做的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本 发明的保护范围之内。The specific embodiments described above have further described the purpose, technical solutions and beneficial effects of the present invention in detail. It should be understood that the above descriptions are only specific embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Protection scope, within the spirit and principles of the present invention, any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc., shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
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