CN108802417B - Method and system for measuring flow speed and flow direction of water flow in multi-borehole aquifer - Google Patents
Method and system for measuring flow speed and flow direction of water flow in multi-borehole aquifer Download PDFInfo
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- CN108802417B CN108802417B CN201810689709.5A CN201810689709A CN108802417B CN 108802417 B CN108802417 B CN 108802417B CN 201810689709 A CN201810689709 A CN 201810689709A CN 108802417 B CN108802417 B CN 108802417B
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- G01P—MEASURING LINEAR OR ANGULAR SPEED, ACCELERATION, DECELERATION, OR SHOCK; INDICATING PRESENCE, ABSENCE, OR DIRECTION, OF MOVEMENT
- G01P5/00—Measuring speed of fluids, e.g. of air stream; Measuring speed of bodies relative to fluids, e.g. of ship, of aircraft
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- G01P—MEASURING LINEAR OR ANGULAR SPEED, ACCELERATION, DECELERATION, OR SHOCK; INDICATING PRESENCE, ABSENCE, OR DIRECTION, OF MOVEMENT
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Abstract
The invention relates to a hydrogeological parameter determination technical system, in particular to a method and a system for determining the flow speed and the flow direction of water flow of a multi-borehole aquifer, wherein the determination method comprises the following steps: disposing an electrode in a plurality of boreholes; powering an electrode in one of the boreholes; electrolyte is put into the drilling holes of the power supply electrode, and the putting time is recorded; measuring the electrode potential in the rest of the drill holes, and recording the potential measurement time; the flow rate and direction of the aquifer water flow are determined. The technical scheme provided by the invention is that based on the condition of multiple drilling holes, a testing system is arranged in the multiple drilling holes by using a charging method, and the flow velocity and the flow direction of deep hole underground water can be measured efficiently, rapidly, accurately and without radioactive pollution by measuring the equipotential points.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a hydrogeological parameter measurement technical system, in particular to a method and a system for measuring the flow speed and the flow direction of water flow of a multi-borehole aquifer.
Background
In engineering practice, many engineering projects need to construct a plurality of boreholes at an engineering site to perform hydrogeology and engineering geological parameter acquisition and measurement so as to accurately evaluate the hydrogeology conditions during engineering construction, such as mine shaft engineering, and a series of shaft inspection holes can be constructed before shaft construction; in the process that the shaft passes through the thick loose layer, the construction of a plurality of external freezing holes is needed to freeze the stratum, and parameters such as the flow speed and the flow direction of water flow of the underground water-bearing layer are needed to be mastered during the process, so that the engineering construction such as grouting of the shaft is effectively guided.
A deep underground water aquifer is disclosed in the drilling construction process, and the flow speed, the flow direction and the like of water flow of the aquifer are important hydrogeological parameters. The mastering of the parameters has important guiding significance for knowing the engineering construction such as groundwater flow, drilling grouting and the like.
At present, methods for measuring the flow rate and the flow direction of underground water mainly comprise an indirect pumping experiment method and a direct tracing method. The indirect pumping experiment method is characterized in that an equal water level line diagram is drawn through a triangle drilling method, the flow speed and the flow direction are indirectly calculated, the pumping experiment can disturb the natural flow field, the reliability and the representativeness of the result are poor, the operation of the method is complex, and the method is more difficult to implement especially when the water-bearing layer is buried deeply. The direct tracing method is mainly a single well isotope dilution technology, and radioactive isotopes are used as tracers. In 1957, the german scientist Moser first proposed measuring groundwater flow speed and direction in a single well using a radioisotope as an indicator, and so far this method has been very successful in measuring groundwater flow speed and direction in an aquifer. However, the method has the non-negligible disadvantage that the isotope single-hole dilution test is carried with radioactive operation in the process of tracer delivery, radioactive accidents are easy to occur in the processes of storage, on-site delivery, protection, testing and auxiliary personnel cooperation, and the personnel health and the environment of the staff are extremely seriously damaged. And there are certain limitations to the type of radiotracer being rare and re-checking it for suitability before each use.
Direct tracer methods generally include a multi-well tracer assay and a single Kong Shizong assay:
the multi-hole tracing test generally comprises a source feeding hole and a plurality of monitoring holes, wherein the tracer is fed into the source feeding hole, the concentration change of the tracer is monitored in the monitoring holes, and the number of the holes is large, so that the test cost is high, and the test period is long;
the single-hole tracing test is a flow speed and direction detection method based on a single-hole dilution theory, and has wide application in the current underground water flow speed and direction detection, but in the detection process, a probe is required to be positioned in the center of a drilling hole to accurately measure the flow speed and direction, and because the size of the probe and the size of the drilling hole have a certain gap, the eccentric condition generally occurs in the measurement process, so that the measurement distortion is caused. In addition, in the conventional detection device, the probe of the device is generally large to place the required module, and the groundwater is disturbed by the existence of the probe due to the action of the probe, so that errors occur in the detected result. Whereas the aquifer of deep boreholes is generally buried to a greater depth, the associated methods are not suitable for making measurements in wells,
therefore, a safer, faster and more accurate method and system for measuring the flow rate and direction of deep-hole groundwater are needed.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention provides a method and a system for measuring the flow velocity and the flow direction of water flow in a multi-borehole aquifer, which are capable of measuring the flow velocity and the flow direction of deep-hole groundwater efficiently, rapidly, accurately and without radioactive pollution by arranging a test system in a plurality of boreholes and measuring through equipotential points based on multi-borehole conditions and by using a charging method.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
the invention provides a method for measuring the flow velocity and the flow direction of water flow in a multi-borehole aquifer, which comprises the following steps:
disposing an electrode in a plurality of boreholes;
powering an electrode in one of the boreholes;
electrolyte is put into the drilling holes of the power supply electrode, and the putting time is recorded;
measuring the electrode potential in the rest of the drill holes, and recording the potential measurement time;
the flow rate and direction of the aquifer water flow are determined.
In the method for measuring the flow rate and the flow direction of the water flow in the multi-borehole aquifer, preferably, before the electrodes are arranged in the plurality of boreholes, the method further comprises:
arranging a plurality of drilling holes on the ground of a target area, wherein the drilling holes are distributed according to a certain rule;
position data for each borehole is measured and recorded.
In the above method for measuring the flow rate and the flow direction of water flow in a multi-borehole aquifer, preferably, the plurality of boreholes are distributed according to a certain rule, including:
the plurality of drilling holes are distributed in a shape of a Chinese character 'mi' or a cross;
preferably, powering the electrode in one of the boreholes comprises: the electrodes in the boreholes at the center of the zig-zag or cross-shaped distribution are powered.
In the above method for measuring the flow rate and direction of the water flow in the multi-borehole aquifer, preferably, the measuring the electrode potential in the remaining boreholes includes:
before electrolyte is put in, measuring the potential of the rest drilling electrodes to obtain a normal equipotential line;
after electrolyte is put in for a certain time, measuring electrode potential in other drilling holes to obtain abnormal equipotential lines;
and repeatedly measuring the electrode potential in the rest of the drilling holes to obtain a plurality of abnormal equipotential lines.
In the above method for measuring flow rate and flow direction of water flow in multiple boreholes, preferably, the determining flow rate and flow direction of water flow in the aquifer includes:
comparing the abnormal equipotential lines with the normal equipotential lines to obtain the flow direction of water flow of the aquifer;
preferably, the method specifically comprises the following steps:
taking the maximum displacement direction of the abnormal equipotential line relative to the normal equipotential line as the flow direction of water flow of the aquifer;
and selecting the intermediate positions of different flow directions obtained by the abnormal equipotential lines as final flow directions.
In the above method for measuring flow rate and flow direction of water flow in multiple boreholes, preferably, the determining flow rate and flow direction of water flow in the aquifer includes:
carrying out equipotential point monitoring on the electrodes in the plurality of boreholes along the same direction, and respectively recording monitoring time;
and calculating the flow rate of the water flow of the aquifer according to the measured position of the isostatic point and the monitoring time.
The invention also provides a system for measuring the flow velocity and the flow direction of water flow in the multi-borehole aquifer, which comprises the following steps:
the drilling holes are formed in a plurality of mode and are arranged on the ground of the target area, and the depth of the drilling holes is not lower than the depth of a soil aquifer of the target area;
the electrodes are respectively arranged in the drill holes, and the end parts of the electrodes are contacted with water flow of the aquifer and used for conducting electricity;
the power supply device is connected with one of the electrodes and is used for supplying power to water flow in the water-containing layer through the electrode;
and the measuring device is connected with the rest of the electrodes and is used for measuring the potential of the water-bearing layer at the tail end of the electrodes through the electrodes.
In the above multi-borehole aquifer water flow rate and direction measurement system, preferably, the system further comprises:
a timing device for recording the time of operation of the electrode or borehole;
preferably, the timing means is used to record the time of electrolyte delivery to the borehole and the time of each measurement of potential.
In the above system for measuring the flow rate and the flow direction of water flow in a multi-borehole aquifer, preferably, the boreholes are distributed according to a certain rule;
preferably, the drill holes are arranged in a shape of a Chinese character 'mi' or a cross;
still preferably, the electrodes comprise power supply electrodes and measuring electrodes, wherein the power supply electrodes are arranged in the holes in the center of the cross shape or the rice shape, and a plurality of measuring electrodes are respectively arranged in the rest holes;
still preferably, the power supply electrode is connected with a power supply device, and the measurement electrode is connected with a measurement device;
still preferably, the power supply electrode and the measuring electrode tip are both at the same depth of the aquifer.
In the above system for measuring the flow rate and the flow direction of the water flow in the multi-borehole aquifer, preferably, the measuring device comprises a measuring instrument, a measuring cable and a pulley, wherein the measuring instrument is arranged on the ground outside the borehole, the pulley is fixedly arranged above the hole opening of the borehole, one end of the measuring cable is connected with the measuring instrument, and the other end of the measuring cable vertically extends into the borehole after bypassing the pulley and is connected with a measuring electrode inside the borehole;
preferably, the power supply device comprises a power supply, a power supply cable and a pulley, wherein the power supply is arranged on the ground outside the drilling hole, the pulley is fixedly arranged above the drilling hole, one end of the power supply cable is connected with the testing instrument, and the other end of the power supply cable vertically extends into the drilling hole after bypassing the pulley and is connected with a power supply electrode inside the drilling hole.
Compared with the closest prior art, the technical scheme provided by the invention has the following excellent effects:
the invention provides a method for measuring the flow velocity and the flow direction of water flow in a multi-borehole aquifer, which has the following beneficial effects:
1. the measuring method has the advantages of clear working principle, simple and convenient measuring process, high production efficiency, accurate and reliable result and wide applicability;
2. the components used in the determination method are common, special treatment is not needed, the cost is low, and the method is easy to realize;
3. the larger the scale of the charged body adopted by the measuring method is, the shallower the buried layer is, and the more ideal the effect of the charging method is applied;
4. the electrolyte is put in the measuring method, so that the radioactive accident can not happen, and the personal health and the environment of the staff can not be seriously damaged.
The invention also provides a system for measuring the flow speed and the flow direction of the water flow of the multi-borehole aquifer, which has the advantages similar to the method for measuring the flow speed and the flow direction of the water flow of the multi-borehole aquifer, and is not repeated.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention. Wherein:
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for measuring the flow rate and direction of a multi-borehole aquifer water flow according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of a method for measuring the flow rate and direction of a multi-borehole aquifer water flow according to another embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a flow chart of a method for measuring the flow rate and direction of a multi-borehole aquifer water flow according to another embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the principle of determining flow direction between normal equipotential lines and abnormal equipotential lines;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a system for measuring the flow rate and direction of water flow in a multi-borehole aquifer according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a measuring device of a multi-borehole aquifer water flow velocity and direction measuring system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a power supply device for a multi-borehole aquifer water flow velocity and direction measurement system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Reference numerals illustrate:
1-center drilling; 2-normal equipotential lines; 3-a first abnormal equipotential line; 4-a first flow direction; 5-a second abnormal equipotential line; 6-a second flow direction; 7-final flow direction; 8-measuring the drilling; 9-a power supply cable; 10-pulleys; 11-an aquifer; 12-a power supply electrode; 13-a power supply; 14-a test instrument; 15-measuring cable; 16-measuring electrode.
Detailed Description
The invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings in connection with embodiments. It should be noted that, in the case of no conflict, the embodiments and features in the embodiments may be combined with each other.
In the description of the present invention, the terms "longitudinal", "transverse", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", etc. refer to the orientation or positional relationship based on that shown in the drawings, merely for convenience of description of the present invention and do not require that the present invention must be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention. The terms "coupled" and "connected" as used herein are to be construed broadly and may be, for example, fixedly coupled or detachably coupled; either directly or indirectly through intermediate components, the specific meaning of the terms being understood by those of ordinary skill in the art as the case may be.
As shown in fig. 1, according to an embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a method for measuring the flow rate and direction of a water flow in a multi-borehole aquifer, comprising the steps of:
step S101, setting electrodes in a plurality of drill holes; the electrode is arranged in the center of a target aquifer in the drill hole, and the target aquifer is the aquifer needing to measure the flow direction and the flow speed of groundwater.
Step S102, supplying power to the electrode in one of the drill holes; and selecting a drill hole at a proper position according to the predicted groundwater flow direction, and supplying power to an electrode in the drill hole. For example, predicting the groundwater flow direction from west to east, selecting a drill hole near the west side, and supplying power to an electrode therein; in cases where, for example, groundwater flow is not predicted, a borehole is selected from a plurality of boreholes at a central location, and electrodes therein are powered.
Step S103, electrolyte is put into the holes of the power supply electrode, and the put-in time is recorded.
Step S104, measuring the electrode potential in the rest of the drilling holes, and recording potential measurement time.
Step S105, determining the flow rate and the flow direction of the aquifer water flow. Electrolyte is put in the position of a target aquifer studied in the drilling hole to serve as an indicator, the aquifer is revealed in the drilling hole, the electrolyte is put in the drilling hole and is continuously dissolved by underground water to be brought into the aquifer, and an electrolyte low stop band extending along the water flow direction is formed in the aquifer around the drilling hole, and the low stop band is an equipotential body in an electric field. The groundwater flow direction and groundwater flow speed are determined by the displacement of the equipotential lines generated in the electric field with time of the electrolyte low stop band in the aquifer. The method for measuring the flow speed and the flow direction of the water flow of the multi-borehole aquifer can finish the measurement of hydrogeological parameters such as the flow speed and the flow direction of the aquifer of a deep hole of a mine.
As shown in fig. 2, according to an embodiment of the present invention, there is provided another specific method for measuring the flow rate and direction of a multi-borehole aquifer water flow, comprising the steps of:
step S201, arranging a plurality of drilling holes on the ground of a target area, wherein the drilling holes are distributed according to a certain rule; the drilling holes are distributed according to a certain geometric rule, different drilling hole distribution rules are selected for terrains of different conditions, recording and measuring of drilling hole position information are facilitated, existing drilling holes on an engineering site can be utilized, and some drilling holes can be regularly selected.
Step S202, measuring and recording position data of each drilling hole; borehole position information is recorded to provide more intuitive hydrogeologic parameters when mapping equipotential lines or calculating flow rates.
Step S203, setting electrodes in the plurality of drill holes.
Step S204, supplying power to the electrode in one of the drill holes; the power supply electrode is supplied with power by a direct current power supply, and a high potential is obtained at and near the power supply electrode.
Step S205, measuring the potential of the rest drilling electrodes to obtain a normal equipotential line; measuring and searching equipotential points in a drill hole aiming at a potential with a certain preset value by taking infinity as a zero potential point, obtaining a plurality of equipotential points for drill holes and electrodes distributed according to a certain geometric rule, taking a power supply electrode drill hole as a center by using the drill hole positions of the equipotential points, and drawing equipotential lines of the potential with the preset value as normal equipotential lines, wherein the theoretical normal equipotential lines are circular.
Step S206, electrolyte is put into the holes of the power supply electrode, and the put-in time is recorded; and (3) adding electrolyte to salify the underground water of the target water-bearing layer, and forming an electrolyte low stop band extending along the water flow direction in the water-bearing layer around the drill hole, wherein the low stop band presents an equipotential body in an electric field.
Step S207, after electrolyte is put in for a certain time (generally 2-3 h according to the flow rate of groundwater; 5-6 h is sometimes needed in areas with very slow flow rate), electrode potential in other drilling holes is measured, and abnormal equipotential lines are obtained. The invention is not limited to this, and the time for starting to measure the electrode potential in the borehole after the electrolyte is put in for a certain time is set according to the geological profile in the actual production application.
And step S208, repeatedly measuring the electrode potential in the rest of the drilling holes to obtain a plurality of abnormal equipotential lines.
Step S209, comparing the abnormal equipotential lines with the normal equipotential lines to obtain the flow direction of the aquifer water flow; the plurality of abnormal equipotential lines are all elliptic, the major axis of the ellipse points to the flowing direction of groundwater, and due to the influence of measurement and geological environment, a plurality of misaligned major axes appear, and the major axes are selected to be dense or the major axes at the middle position are used as the final flowing direction of the groundwater flow of the aquifer; the selection can improve the accuracy of underground water flow direction measurement, and neglect the fine errors caused by measurement and geological environment.
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the principle of determining flow direction between normal equipotential lines and abnormal equipotential lines in FIG. 4; the theoretical normal equipotential line 2 is circular, two abnormal equipotential lines are obtained through two batches of equipotential point measurement, the two abnormal equipotential lines are respectively a first abnormal equipotential line 3 and a second abnormal equipotential line 5, a first flow direction 4 and a second flow direction 6 are respectively obtained through the first abnormal equipotential line 3 and the second abnormal equipotential line 5, and a final flow direction 7 is determined at the middle position of the first flow direction 4 and the second flow direction 6.
Step S210, carrying out equipotential point monitoring on the electrodes in the plurality of boreholes along the same direction, and respectively recording monitoring time.
Step S211, calculating the flow velocity of water flow of the aquifer according to the measured position and monitoring time of the isostatic points; and selecting a drilling hole on a ray closest to the direction of the groundwater to measure the isostatic points, recording the time for measuring the isostatic points respectively, calculating the flowing speed of the groundwater on the ray according to the measured time and the equipotential displacement, and finally calculating the final flow velocity of the groundwater in the aquifer according to the included angle between the direction of the ray and the direction of the groundwater and combining with a trigonometric function.
In this embodiment, after salinization of groundwater, three isoelectric point observations are performed for a borehole in a certain direction, so that the distance between the measured isoelectric point borehole and the center borehole and the time for measuring the isoelectric point three times can be obtained, and the groundwater flow speed is calculated by using the following formula:
wherein t is 1 ，t 2 ，t 3 The time for the isoelectric point was determined three times; s is S 1 ，S 2 ，S 3 The displacement of the equipotential point from the center point was measured three times.
The angle between this direction and the final flow direction is noted as θ, and the final flow velocity v=v/cos θ according to the trigonometric function velocity splitting method.
And finally, calculating the groundwater flow direction and the groundwater flow speed of the aquifer in the target area.
As shown in fig. 3, according to an embodiment of the present invention, there is provided another specific method for measuring the flow rate and direction of a multi-borehole aquifer water flow, comprising the steps of:
step S301, arranging a plurality of drill holes in a target area in a Chinese character 'mi' shape; the construction site is constructed with a plurality of drilling holes, the drilling holes are distributed in a shape like a Chinese character 'mi', the center of the Chinese character 'mi' is a center drilling hole, the east, west, south and north directions of the center drilling holes are respectively marked as E, W, S, N, so that the drilling directions of the Chinese character 'mi' distribution are respectively marked as N, NE, E, SE, S, SW, W, NW, and the drilling holes are respectively arranged at equal intervals along 8 directions.
Step S302, measuring and recording the distance between each drilling hole and the central drilling hole; the N, NE, E, SE, S, SW, W, NW direction boreholes were numbered and the distance of each borehole from the center borehole was measured and recorded.
Step S303, setting electrodes in a plurality of drill holes; setting a power supply electrode in a central drilling hole, setting measuring electrodes in other drilling holes, setting the power supply electrode at the center of a target aquifer in the central drilling hole, taking infinity as a zero-potential point, gradually lowering the aquifer electrode from the central drilling hole to infinity after the power supply electrode supplies power, and setting the infinity electrode distance to be about 10 times of the aquifer depth; the measurement electrode is placed in the center of the target aquifer in the remaining borehole.
Step S304, supplying power to the electrode in the center drilling hole; the power supply electrode is powered by a direct current power supply, and the electrode of the central drilling hole and the vicinity of the electrode obtain high potential.
Step S305, measuring the potential of the rest drilling electrodes, and drawing normal equipotential lines; the method comprises the steps of taking infinity as a zero potential point, measuring and searching equipotential points in drilling holes aiming at potential with a certain preset value, obtaining 8 equipotential points for the drilling holes and electrodes distributed in a Chinese character 'mi', and drawing equipotential lines of the potential with the preset value by taking a central drilling hole as a center from the drilling positions of the 8 equipotential points to serve as normal equipotential lines, wherein the theoretical normal equipotential lines are circular.
Step S306, salt is added into the center drilling hole, and the adding time is recorded; salt as electrolyte with better conductivity can realize the center drilling electrode
Step S307, after a certain time of salt feeding, measuring the electrode potential in the rest of the drill holes to obtain abnormal equipotential lines; taking infinity as a zero potential point, measuring and searching equipotential points in a borehole aiming at the potential with the preset value, obtaining 8 equipotential points for the borehole and the electrode distributed in a Chinese character 'mi', and drawing equipotential lines of the potential with the preset value by taking a central borehole as the center from the borehole positions of the 8 equipotential points to serve as abnormal equipotential lines, wherein the theoretical abnormal equipotential lines are elliptic, and the major axis direction of the ellipse, namely the maximum displacement direction of the abnormal equipotential lines relative to the normal equipotential lines is regarded as the groundwater flow direction of the aquifer as shown in fig. 4.
Step S308, repeatedly measuring electrode potential in other drilling holes to obtain a plurality of abnormal equipotential lines; after a certain time interval, searching the distribution position of the potential with the preset value in the rest of the drill holes, and obtaining another different abnormal equipotential line along with the flowing and diffusion of the groundwater salt solution of the aquifer; repeatedly searching equipotential points with the preset value at certain intervals to obtain a plurality of different abnormal equipotential lines.
Step S309, comparing the abnormal equipotential lines with the normal equipotential lines to obtain the flow direction of the aquifer water flow; the abnormal equipotential lines are elliptical, and due to the influence of measurement and geological environment, a plurality of misaligned long axes appear, and the dense long axes or the long axes in the middle position are selected as the final flow direction of the groundwater flow of the aquifer; the selection can improve the accuracy of underground water flow direction measurement, and neglect the fine errors caused by measurement and geological environment.
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the principle of determining flow direction between normal equipotential lines and abnormal equipotential lines in FIG. 4; the theoretical normal equipotential line 2 is a circle, the normal equipotential line 2 is a circle with the center drilling 1 as the center of a circle, two abnormal equipotential lines are obtained through two batches of equipotential point measurement, the two abnormal equipotential lines are respectively a first abnormal equipotential line 3 and a second abnormal equipotential line 5, a first flow direction 4 and a second flow direction 6 are respectively obtained through the first abnormal equipotential line 3 and the second abnormal equipotential line 5, and a final flow direction 7 is determined at the middle position of the first flow direction 4 and the second flow direction 6.
In other embodiments of the invention, more batches of measurement isocenters wait to more abnormal alleles to more accurately determine the final flow direction.
Step S310, carrying out equipotential point monitoring on the electrodes in a plurality of boreholes along the same direction, and respectively recording monitoring time; the drilling holes distributed in the shape of the Chinese character mi can obtain 8 drilling hole distribution directions, the 8 directions are regarded as 8 rays, and the ray closest to the final flow direction is selected as the direction for carrying out equipotential point monitoring.
Step S311, calculating the flow velocity of water flow of the aquifer according to the measured position and monitoring time of the isostatic points; the drilling holes distributed in the shape of a Chinese character mi are distributed on 8 rays, the drilling holes and the electrodes are distributed on the 8 rays, a common origin is a central drilling hole, and as the measured groundwater flow direction is not coincident with the 8 rays, the drilling holes on the ray closest to the groundwater flow direction are selected for carrying out isostatic point measurement, the time of measuring the isostatic points is recorded respectively, the flowing speed of the groundwater on the ray can be calculated according to the measured time and the displacement of the equipotential, and finally, the final flow velocity of the groundwater of the aquifer is calculated according to the included angle between the direction of the ray and the flow direction of the groundwater by combining a trigonometric function.
In this embodiment, after salinization of groundwater, three isoelectric point observations are performed for a borehole in a certain radial direction, so that the distance between the measured isoelectric point borehole and the center borehole and the time for measuring the isoelectric point three times can be obtained, and the groundwater flow speed is calculated by using the following formula:
wherein t is 1 ，t 2 ，t 3 The time for the isoelectric point was determined three times; s is S 1 ，S 2 ，S 3 The displacement of the equipotential point from the center point was measured three times.
The angle between the ray and the final flow direction is noted as θ, and the final flow velocity v=v/cos θ is based on the trigonometric function velocity splitting method.
And finally, calculating the groundwater flow direction and the groundwater flow speed of the aquifer in the target area.
In other embodiments of the invention, the boreholes may be in a crisscross arrangement.
In the practice of the multi-borehole aquifer water flow rate and direction determination method of the present invention, the various components may be selected as follows:
1. electrode selection:
the power supply electrode can adopt an iron or aluminum alloy electrode, and the measuring electrode should use a red copper electrode rod, a stainless steel electrode rod and the like.
2. Instrument apparatus:
the potential measuring device used in the method has no specific requirement, and can adopt a commonly applicable electric method instrument for measuring potential difference, such as a DWD-2A micro-electro-mechanical tester, a high-density electric method instrument, a parallel electric method instrument and the like.
3. Line arrangement (line, i.e. ray in the direction of borehole distribution):
the measurement of the flow rate and direction of groundwater flow using a plurality of boreholes will be described by taking a multi-borehole wellbore grouting borehole for a given construction as an example. The multiple drilling holes of the shaft grouting holes are distributed in a radial mode, drilling holes at the central position of the shaft are used as central holes, survey lines are arranged at intervals according to a certain direction, the directions of the survey lines adopt plane coordinate directions and are divided into N (north), E (east), S (south) and W (west) directions (the survey lines can be arranged in NE, SE, SW, NW directions or N, NE, E, SE, S, SW, W, NW directions according to the construction condition of on-site drilling). The measuring point of each measuring line selects the drilling hole at the position as a measuring point hole.
The field survey line arrangement is specific to the condition of the engineering field construction drilling, a drilling is selected as a central drilling, the selected survey point holes are required to be uniformly distributed around the central drilling, and the measurement electrode distances (survey point distances) of each survey line are equal and consistent.
According to the method for measuring the flow rate and the flow direction of the water flow of the multi-borehole aquifer, a testing system is arranged in a plurality of boreholes by using a charging method, electrolyte is put in the positions of the target aquifer studied in the boreholes as an indicator, the aquifer is revealed in the boreholes, the electrolyte is put in the boreholes and is continuously dissolved by underground water to be brought into the aquifer, and an electrolyte low stop band extending along the water flow direction is formed in the aquifer around the boreholes and is an equipotential body in an electric field. The method can be used for measuring the flow velocity and the flow velocity of underground water of the deep-hole aquifer of the mine by measuring the time-dependent displacement of the equipotential line generated by the electrolyte low-stop band in the aquifer in the electric field.
As shown in fig. 5, there is also provided a multi-borehole aquifer water flow rate and direction measurement system, comprising: and a plurality of holes are drilled and are arranged on the ground of the target area, and the depth of the holes is not lower than the depth of the soil aquifer of the target area. The electrodes are arranged in the drill holes respectively, and the end parts of the electrodes are in contact with aquifer water flow and are used for conducting electricity. And the power supply device is connected with one of the electrodes and is used for supplying power to water flow in the water-containing layer through the electrode. And the measuring device is connected with the rest of the electrodes and is used for measuring the potential of the water-bearing layer 11 at the tail end of the electrodes through the electrodes. Further comprises: and the timing device is used for recording the operation time of the electrode or the drilling hole. The timing device is used for recording the time of putting electrolyte into the drilling hole and the time of measuring the potential each time. The drill holes are distributed in a cross shape.
In this embodiment, the boreholes include a central borehole 1 and a measurement borehole 8, the central borehole 1 being the borehole for powering its internal electrodes, and the remaining boreholes being the measurement borehole 8. The multiple drilling holes are distributed in a cross radial mode, the drilling holes at the central position are used as central drilling holes, the measuring lines are arranged at intervals according to a certain direction, the directions of the measuring lines adopt plane coordinate directions and are divided into N (north), E (east), S (south) and W (west) directions (the measuring lines can be arranged in NE, SE, SW, NW directions or N, NE, E, SE, S, SW, W, NW directions according to the construction condition of on-site drilling holes). The measurement point for each survey line selects the borehole at that location as the measurement borehole. The timing device may be a stopwatch or a cured timing applet on a computer connected to the test instrument.
The electrodes comprise a power supply electrode 12 and a measuring electrode 16, wherein the power supply electrode 12 is arranged in a drilling hole in the cross-shaped central position, and the measuring electrodes 16 are respectively arranged in the measuring drilling hole 8; the power supply electrode 12 is connected with a power supply device, and the measuring electrode 16 is connected with a measuring device; the ends of the power supply electrode 12 and the measuring electrode 16 are both positioned at the same depth of the aquifer 11.
In this embodiment, the power supply electrode 12 may be an iron or aluminum alloy electrode, and the measuring electrode 16 should be a red copper electrode bar, a stainless steel electrode bar, or the like.
In other embodiments of the present invention, as a preferred solution, the plurality of boreholes are distributed in a zig-zag or X-shape, and no matter how the boreholes are distributed, the steps and principles of the present invention for calculating the flow direction and flow rate of groundwater in a aquifer in a target area are not affected.
In other embodiments of the present invention, as a preferred solution, a rapid conductivity test control head may be added to the central borehole 1 and the measurement borehole 8, respectively, to perform an aquifer conductivity test, and data collected to make a comprehensive determination.
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a measuring device of a multi-borehole aquifer water flow velocity and direction measuring system according to an embodiment of the present invention; the measuring device comprises a testing instrument 14, a measuring cable 15 and a pulley 10, wherein the testing instrument 14 is arranged on the ground outside a drilling hole, the pulley 10 is fixedly arranged above the orifice of the measuring drilling hole 8, one end of the measuring cable 15 is connected with the testing instrument 14, and the other end of the measuring cable is vertically stretched into the measuring drilling hole 8 after bypassing the pulley and is connected with a measuring electrode 16 inside the measuring drilling hole 8.
In this embodiment, the test instrument may be a commonly used electrical instrument for measuring potential differences, such as a DWD-2A microelectromechanical instrument, a high density electrical instrument, a parallel electrical instrument, or the like.
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a power supply device of a multi-borehole aquifer water flow velocity and direction measurement system according to an embodiment of the present invention; the power supply device comprises a power supply 13, a power supply cable 9 and a pulley 10, wherein the power supply 13 is arranged on the ground outside a drilling hole, the pulley 10 is fixedly arranged above a hole opening of the central drilling hole 1, one end of the power supply cable 9 is connected with the power supply 13, and the other end of the power supply cable bypasses the pulley 10 and then vertically stretches into the central drilling hole 1 and is connected with a power supply electrode 12 inside the central drilling hole 1.
In the present embodiment, the power supply 13 employs a direct current power supply.
In another embodiment of the present invention, as a preferred embodiment, there are two power supply electrodes 12, power supply electrode A is connected to the positive electrode of power supply 13, power supply electrode B is grounded or connected to the negative electrode of power supply 13, power supply electrode A is placed at the center of the target aquifer 11 in the central borehole 1, power supply electrode B is placed at infinity, and the distance between infinity electrodes is about 10 times the depth of the aquifer.
In another embodiment of the invention, each set of measuring electrodes 16 comprises preferably two electrodes, the measuring electrode M being placed in the aperture of the central borehole 1, the electrode penetration depth being greater than 20cm, ensuring close contact with the soil layer, the measuring electrode N being placed in the centre of the target aquifer 11 in the measuring borehole 8, the measuring electrode N being used for measuring the potential of the target aquifer 11.
The system for measuring the flow rate and the flow direction of the water flow of the multi-borehole aquifer is based on the multi-borehole condition, the system is used for implementing a charging method, a test system is arranged in a plurality of boreholes, electrolyte is put in the positions of the target aquifer studied in the boreholes as an indicator, the aquifer is revealed by the boreholes, the electrolyte is put in the boreholes and is continuously dissolved by underground water to be brought into the aquifer, and an electrolyte low stop band extending along the water flow direction is formed in the aquifer around the boreholes and is an equipotential body in an electric field. The method can be used for measuring the flow velocity and the flow velocity of underground water of the deep-hole aquifer of the mine by measuring the time-dependent displacement of the equipotential line generated by the electrolyte low-stop band in the aquifer in the electric field.
The above description is only of the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, but various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (11)
1. A method for measuring the flow rate and direction of water flow in a multi-borehole aquifer, the method comprising:
step S101, arranging a plurality of drill holes in a shape of a Chinese character 'mi' or a cross in a target area;
step S102, measuring and recording the distance between each drilling hole and the central drilling hole;
step S103, setting electrodes in a plurality of drill holes;
step S104, supplying power to the electrode in the center drilling hole; supplying power to the power supply electrode through a direct current power supply, and obtaining high potential at the electrode of the central drilling hole and the vicinity of the electrode;
step S105, measuring the potential of the rest drilling electrodes, and drawing normal equipotential lines;
step S106, adding salt into the center drill hole, and recording the adding time;
step S107, after a certain time of adding salt, measuring the electrode potential in the rest of the drill holes to obtain abnormal equipotential lines;
step S108, repeatedly measuring electrode potential in the rest of the drilling holes to obtain a plurality of abnormal equipotential lines;
step S109, comparing the abnormal equipotential lines with the normal equipotential lines to obtain the flow direction of the aquifer water flow;
step S110, carrying out equipotential point monitoring on electrodes in a plurality of boreholes along the same direction, and respectively recording monitoring time;
and step S111, calculating the flow rate of the water flow of the aquifer according to the measured position of the isostatic point and the monitoring time.
2. A multi-borehole aquifer water flow rate and direction measurement system, applied to the measurement method of claim 1, comprising:
the drilling holes are formed in a plurality of mode and are arranged on the ground of the target area, and the depth of the drilling holes is not lower than the depth of a soil aquifer of the target area;
the electrodes are respectively arranged in the drill holes, and the end parts of the electrodes are contacted with water flow of the aquifer and used for conducting electricity;
the power supply device is connected with one of the electrodes and is used for supplying power to water flow in the water-containing layer through the electrode;
and the measuring device is connected with the rest of the electrodes and is used for measuring the potential of the water-bearing layer at the tail end of the electrodes through the electrodes.
3. The multi-borehole aquifer water flow rate and direction measurement system of claim 2 further comprising:
and the timing device is used for recording the operation time of the electrode or the drilling hole.
4. A multi-borehole aquifer water flow rate and direction measurement system as set forth in claim 3 wherein said timing means is adapted to record the time of electrolyte delivery to the borehole and the time of each measurement of potential.
5. A multi-borehole aquifer water flow rate and direction measurement system as set forth in claim 2 wherein said boreholes are regularly distributed.
6. The multi-borehole aquifer water flow rate and direction measurement system of claim 5 wherein the boreholes are arranged in a zig-zag or cross-like configuration.
7. The multi-borehole aquifer water flow rate and direction measurement system of claim 5 wherein the electrodes comprise a power electrode and a measurement electrode, the power electrode being disposed within a borehole in a cross or zig-zag central position, a plurality of the measurement electrodes being disposed within the remaining boreholes, respectively.
8. A multi-borehole aquifer water flow rate and direction measurement system as set forth in claim 5 wherein said power supply electrode is connected to a power supply device and said measurement electrode is connected to a measurement device.
9. The multi-borehole aquifer water flow rate and direction measurement system of claim 5 wherein the powered electrode and the measurement electrode tip are at the same depth in the aquifer.
10. The system for measuring the flow rate and the flow direction of water flow in a multi-borehole aquifer according to claim 2, wherein the measuring device comprises a measuring instrument, a measuring cable and a pulley, the measuring instrument is arranged on the ground outside the borehole, the pulley is fixedly arranged above the hole opening of the borehole, one end of the measuring cable is connected with the measuring instrument, and the other end of the measuring cable vertically extends into the borehole after bypassing the pulley and is connected with a measuring electrode inside the borehole.
11. The system for measuring the flow rate and the flow direction of water flow in a multi-borehole aquifer according to claim 10, wherein the power supply device comprises a power supply, a power supply cable and a pulley, the power supply is arranged on the ground outside the borehole, the pulley is fixedly arranged above the hole opening of the borehole, one end of the power supply cable is connected with the testing instrument, and the other end of the power supply cable vertically extends into the borehole after bypassing the pulley and is connected with a power supply electrode inside the borehole.
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| CN109613066A (en) * | 2018-11-26 | 2019-04-12 | 四川省环科院科技咨询有限责任公司 | A method of groundwater velocity is measured using DC charging method and advantage flows to |
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| CN111679096A (en) * | 2020-06-18 | 2020-09-18 | 中国电建集团贵阳勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Device and method for testing flow velocity and flow direction of underground water based on conductivity |
| CN113009177B (en) * | 2021-02-09 | 2022-07-05 | 中国农业大学 | Method for measuring flow velocity of slope surface by electrolyte centroid method |
| CN113655235A (en) * | 2021-07-29 | 2021-11-16 | 中国地质大学（武汉） | Groundwater velocity of flow direction monitoring devices based on vertical downthehole monitoring |
| CN114859074B (en) * | 2022-04-25 | 2024-04-16 | 无锡水文工程地质勘察院有限责任公司 | Underground water flow direction measuring method |
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