CN108790681B

CN108790681B - Water circulation type heat management and air conditioning system for electric automobile

Info

Publication number: CN108790681B
Application number: CN201810445718.XA
Authority: CN
Inventors: 贾宏涛
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2018-05-09
Filing date: 2018-05-09
Publication date: 2022-01-04
Anticipated expiration: 2038-05-09
Also published as: CN108790681A

Abstract

The invention relates to a water circulation type heat management and air conditioning system for an electric automobile, the automobile comprising the heat management and air conditioning system and an operation method of the heat management and air conditioning system, wherein the water circulation type heat management and air conditioning system for the electric automobile comprises a refrigerant circulation loop and a water circulation loop; the method is characterized in that: the refrigerant circulation loop comprises an electronic compressor, a water-cooled condenser, a water-cooled heat exchanger electronic expansion valve and a water-cooled heat exchanger; the water circulation loop comprises a water circulation main line and at least two water circulation branches, wherein the circulating water of one water circulation branch exchanges heat with the water-cooled heat exchanger and is used for cooling the passenger compartment and/or the battery pack, and the circulating water of the other water circulation branch exchanges heat with the water-cooled condenser and is used for heating the passenger compartment; the part for cooling the passenger compartment is a refrigerator, the part for heating the passenger compartment is a heater, and the refrigerator and the heater form a water-cooled air conditioning system. Different from the traditional automobile air conditioner, the invention adopts the water-cooled air conditioning system, and utilizes the refrigerator and the heater which are arranged in series to refrigerate and/or heat the passenger compartment, thereby fully playing the advantage of high refrigeration efficiency of the air conditioner, fully utilizing the heat energy generated by other parts of the automobile and saving energy.

Description

Water circulation type heat management and air conditioning system for electric automobile

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of new energy automobiles, in particular to thermal management of a new energy automobile, and particularly relates to a water circulation type thermal management and air conditioning system for an electric automobile.

Background

With the increasingly prominent current environmental problems, the rise of new energy automobiles is a necessary trend of social development, and the new energy automobiles not only can reduce the dependence of people on fossil fuels, but also can reduce the emission of automobile exhaust and effectively improve the environmental quality. At present, electric automobiles are more and more accepted by people, the sales volume is also more and more high, the automobile power battery technology is one of key technologies in new energy automobiles, and the performance of the automobile power battery directly influences the performance of the new energy automobiles. In the development process of new energy automobiles, the endurance becomes one of the most important factors restricting the development of new energy automobiles, although the energy density of a power battery is continuously improved, the battery technology of the power battery is still in a bottleneck period, and the endurance mileage of the electric automobiles is still the biggest pain point used by users.

When the electric vehicle is used in environments with high temperature in summer and low temperature in winter, the endurance mileage of the electric vehicle is greatly reduced due to the need of additional power for cooling and heating. Particularly in low-temperature environments in winter, most of electric automobiles adopt a PTC auxiliary electric heating system for carrying out the process, the consumed electric power of the electric automobiles can reach 5KW or even more to ensure the comfortable temperature in the automobile, and the endurance mileage of the automobile can be greatly reduced. If the battery capacity is increased, not only is the weight of the vehicle greatly increased to lower the energy utilization efficiency, but also the manufacturing and use costs are greatly increased. Although the heat pump system can be relieved to a certain extent, the structure and control of the existing heat pump system are too complex and high in cost, and the improvement effect at a lower temperature is not very obvious.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention provides a water circulation type thermal management and air conditioning system for an electric automobile, which is different from the traditional automobile air conditioner and is additionally provided with a water-cooled air conditioning system, the water-cooled air conditioning system is matched with a water circulation loop through the heat exchange between a refrigerant and circulating water, and the heat generated in the using process of the automobile can be fully utilized only by controlling the switching of a plurality of valves, and the advantage of high refrigerating efficiency of the air conditioner is fully exerted, so that the extra power required by the temperature regulation of the automobile in the using process is greatly reduced, the heating and refrigerating efficiency is greatly improved, and the purposes of saving energy and reducing cost are achieved.

In order to realize the purpose of the invention, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:

the water circulation type heat management and air conditioning system for the electric automobile comprises a refrigerant circulation loop and a water circulation loop; the method is characterized in that: the refrigerant circulation loop comprises an electronic compressor, a water-cooled condenser, a water-cooled heat exchanger electronic expansion valve and a water-cooled heat exchanger; the water circulation loop comprises a water circulation main line and at least two water circulation branches, wherein the circulating water of one water circulation branch exchanges heat with the water-cooled heat exchanger and is used for cooling the passenger compartment and/or the battery pack, and the circulating water of the other water circulation branch exchanges heat with the water-cooled condenser and is used for heating the passenger compartment; the part for cooling the passenger compartment is a refrigerator, the part for heating the passenger compartment is a heater, and the refrigerator and the heater form a water-cooled air conditioning system. Through the heat exchange of the refrigerant and the circulating water, the circulating water can be used for cooling or heating the passenger compartment or cooling the battery pack, the advantage of high refrigeration efficiency of the air conditioner can be fully played, the heat energy generated by other parts of the automobile is fully utilized, and the energy is saved.

Preferably, the water circulation trunk line sequentially comprises a main expansion kettle, a main water pump, a radiator three-way valve, a radiator, a bypass pipeline and a main pipeline; the radiator is connected with the bypass pipeline in parallel and is positioned between the radiator three-way valve and the main pipeline, and the radiator is also provided with a cooling fan; the radiator three-way valve may control water circulation to the radiator and/or the bypass line. Through setting up radiator and the bypass line that connects in parallel for can be according to the refrigerating output of demand control circulating water.

Preferably, the water circulation branch for exchanging heat with the water-cooled heat exchanger comprises: the system comprises a loop conversion one-way valve, a water-cooled heat exchanger, a refrigeration loop conversion three-way valve, a battery pack, a battery water pump, a battery expansion kettle, a battery loop conversion three-way valve, a refrigerator, an air-conditioning expansion kettle, an air-conditioning water pump and an internal heat exchanger.

Preferably, in the water circulation branch for heat exchange with the water-cooled condenser, the circulating water flows through the water-cooled condenser and the heating circuit switching three-way valve in sequence from the water circulation trunk, and the circulating water can directly circulate back to the main expansion tank and/or return to the main expansion tank through the heater of the water-cooled air conditioning system by switching of the heating circuit switching three-way valve. The water circulation branch is mainly used for absorbing heat of the refrigerant and heating the passenger compartment.

Preferably, a circuit switching one-way valve is provided between the water circulation trunk and the water-cooled heat exchanger, a refrigerating circuit switching three-way valve is provided between the water-cooled heat exchanger and the battery pack, another passage of the refrigerating circuit switching three-way valve is communicated with the internal heat exchanger, a battery circuit switching three-way valve is provided between the battery expansion kettle and the main expansion kettle, another passage of the battery circuit switching three-way valve is communicated with the internal heat exchanger, a heating circuit switching three-way valve is provided between the water-cooled condenser and the main expansion kettle, and another passage of the heating circuit switching three-way valve is communicated with the heater.

Preferably, the water circulation branch for exchanging heat with the water-cooled heat exchanger may form one water circulation branch communicated with the water circulation trunk or form two water circulation loops independent of the water circulation trunk by switching the loop switching one-way valve, the refrigeration loop switching three-way valve and the battery loop switching three-way valve. Through the switching, the control system can control the circulating mode of circulating water according to the external environment temperature, the refrigerating capacity of the automobile air conditioner is more fully utilized, and the passenger compartment and/or the battery pack are reasonably cooled.

Preferably, in the water circulation branch communicated with the water circulation trunk, the circulating water sequentially flows through the main pipeline, the loop conversion one-way valve, the water-cooled heat exchanger, the refrigeration loop conversion three-way valve, the battery pack, the battery water pump, the battery expansion kettle, the battery loop conversion three-way valve and the main expansion kettle; in the two water circulation loops independent from the water circulation main loop, in one independent water circulation loop, circulating water sequentially flows through the battery pack, the battery water pump, the battery expansion kettle, the battery loop conversion three-way valve and the internal heat exchanger and circularly flows back to the battery pack to form an independent water circulation loop, and in the other independent water circulation loop, the circulating water sequentially flows through the water-cooled heat exchanger, the refrigerator, the air-conditioning expansion kettle, the air-conditioning water pump, the internal heat exchanger and the refrigeration loop conversion three-way valve and circularly flows back to the water-cooled heat exchanger to form another independent water circulation loop. In two independent water circulation loops, cooled circulating water cools down passenger cabin earlier, cools down the group battery again, has improved the refrigeration efficiency of system.

Preferably, the water expansion kettle is also provided with a water circulation branch, and circulating water flows through the charging module, the auxiliary electric module and the motor from the main pipeline in sequence and returns to the main expansion kettle. The charging module, the auxiliary electric module and the motor are cooled by circulating water.

Preferably, the refrigerator and the heater of the water-cooled air conditioning system are arranged in series along the air duct. Through the arrangement, the refrigerator and the heater which have the same size are adopted, and an air mixing air door and a corresponding air mixing structure are omitted, so that the volume of the air conditioning box is smaller, the arrangement is more facilitated, and more space is saved.

Preferably, a battery pack auxiliary electric heater and an air conditioner auxiliary electric heater are provided for the battery pack and the heater, respectively. The electric auxiliary heater may perform additional heating as needed.

Preferably, the electronic compressor and the water-cooled condenser form a refrigerant circulation trunk line, the electronic expansion valve of the water-cooled heat exchanger and the water-cooled heat exchanger form a first refrigerant circulation branch, the thermal management and air conditioning system further comprises a second refrigerant circulation branch, and the second refrigerant circulation branch is provided with a heat pump electronic expansion valve and a heat pump evaporator; the second refrigerant circulation branch is connected in parallel with the first refrigerant circulation branch. Through the second refrigerant circulation branch circuit, heat can be absorbed from the external environment by utilizing the phase change of the heat pump evaporator.

Preferably, an expansion valve conversion three-way valve is arranged between the water-cooled condenser and the first refrigerant circulation branch and between the water-cooled condenser and the second refrigerant circulation branch, and the expansion valve conversion three-way valve is respectively communicated with the water-cooled heat exchanger electronic expansion valve and the heat pump electronic expansion valve and is used for controlling the on-off of the two refrigerant circulation branches. The setting of the three-way valve is switched by the expansion valve, so that the three refrigerant circulation branches can be started according to requirements.

The electric automobile comprises the water circulation type heat management and air conditioning system for the electric automobile.

The control system controls the heat management and air conditioning system to switch among a high-temperature refrigeration mode, a medium-temperature heat dissipation mode, a medium-low temperature heating and dehumidifying mode and a low-temperature heating mode according to the external temperature.

Preferably, when the heat management and air conditioning system is switched to a high-temperature refrigeration mode, the radiator three-way valve is switched to enable the main water pump to be communicated with the radiator and disconnected with the bypass pipeline, the loop conversion one-way valve is cut off, the refrigeration loop conversion three-way valve is switched to the internal heat exchanger to be communicated with the water-cooled heat exchanger and disconnected with the battery pack, the battery loop conversion three-way valve is switched to the battery expansion kettle to be communicated with the internal heat exchanger and disconnected with the main expansion kettle, and the heating loop conversion three-way valve is switched to the water-cooled condenser to be directly communicated with the main expansion kettle and disconnected with the refrigerator; at the moment, the main water pump, the battery water pump, the air conditioner water pump and the electronic compressor are all started, the refrigerant circularly flows in the refrigerant circulating pipeline, the circulating water in the main pipeline circularly flows, and the circulating water independently circularly flows in the two independent water circulating loops to cool the passenger compartment, the battery pack and the motor.

Preferably, when the thermal management and air conditioning system is switched to a medium-temperature heating mode, the radiator three-way valve is switched to enable the main water pump to be communicated with the radiator and disconnected with the bypass pipeline, the loop conversion single-way valve is communicated, the refrigeration loop conversion three-way valve is switched to the water-cooled heat exchanger to be communicated with the battery pack and disconnected with the internal heat exchanger, the battery loop conversion three-way valve is switched to the battery expansion kettle to be communicated with the main expansion kettle and disconnected with the internal heat exchanger, and the heating loop conversion three-way valve is switched to the water-cooled condenser to be directly communicated with the main expansion kettle and disconnected with the refrigerator; at the moment, the main water pump is started, the electronic compressor is not started, and circulating water circularly flows through each branch to cool the battery pack and the motor.

Preferably, when the heat management and air conditioning system is switched to a medium-low temperature heating and dehumidifying mode, the radiator three-way valve is switched to enable the main water pump to be simultaneously communicated with the radiator and the bypass pipeline, the loop conversion one-way valve is cut off, the refrigeration loop conversion three-way valve is switched to the internal heat exchanger to be communicated with the water-cooled heat exchanger and to be disconnected with the battery pack, the battery loop conversion three-way valve is switched to the battery expansion kettle to be communicated with the internal heat exchanger and to be disconnected with the main expansion kettle, and the heating loop conversion three-way valve is switched to the water-cooled condenser to be simultaneously communicated with the main expansion kettle and the refrigerator; at the moment, the main water pump, the battery water pump, the air conditioner water pump and the electronic compressor are all started, the refrigerant circularly flows in the refrigerant circulating pipeline, the circulating water circularly flows in the main pipeline, the circulating water independently circularly flows in the two independent water circulating loops, the passenger compartment is dehumidified and heated, and the battery pack and the motor are cooled.

Preferably, when the thermal management and air conditioning system is switched to a low-temperature heating mode, the radiator three-way valve is switched to enable the main water pump to be communicated with the bypass pipeline and disconnected with the radiator, the loop conversion single-way valve is communicated, the refrigeration loop conversion three-way valve is switched to the water-cooled heat exchanger to be communicated with the battery pack and disconnected with the internal heat exchanger, the battery loop conversion three-way valve is switched to the battery expansion kettle to be communicated with the main expansion kettle and disconnected with the internal heat exchanger, and the heating loop conversion three-way valve is switched to the water-cooled condenser to be communicated with the refrigerator and disconnected with the main expansion kettle; at this time, the main water pump is started, the electronic compressor is started, the refrigerant and the circulating water circularly flow to heat the passenger compartment and cool the battery pack and the motor.

The control system controls the heat management and air conditioning system to switch among a high-temperature refrigeration mode, a medium-temperature heat dissipation mode, a medium-low temperature heating and dehumidification mode, a low-temperature heating mode and a pure heat pump heating mode according to the external temperature.

Preferably, when the heat management and air conditioning system is switched to a high-temperature refrigeration mode, the radiator three-way valve is switched to enable the main water pump to be communicated with the radiator and disconnected with the bypass pipeline, the loop conversion one-way valve is cut off, the refrigeration loop conversion three-way valve is switched to be communicated with the water-cooled heat exchanger and disconnected with the battery pack, the battery loop conversion three-way valve is switched to be communicated with the internal heat exchanger and disconnected with the main expansion kettle, the heating loop conversion three-way valve is switched to be directly communicated with the main expansion kettle by the water-cooled condenser and disconnected with the refrigerator, the expansion valve conversion three-way valve is switched to be communicated with the electronic expansion valve of the water-cooled heat exchanger by the refrigerant circulation main circuit and disconnected with the electronic expansion valve of the heat pump; at the moment, the main water pump, the battery water pump, the air conditioner water pump and the electronic compressor are all started, the refrigerant circularly flows in the refrigerant circulating main line and the first refrigerant circulating branch line, circulating water circularly flows in the main line, and the circulating water independently circularly flows in the two independent water circulating loops to cool the passenger compartment, the battery pack and the motor.

Preferably, when the heat management and air conditioning system is switched to a medium-low temperature heating and dehumidification mode, the radiator three-way valve is switched to enable the main water pump to be simultaneously communicated with the radiator and the bypass pipeline, the loop conversion single-way valve is cut off, the refrigeration loop conversion three-way valve is switched to the internal heat exchanger to be communicated with the water-cooled heat exchanger and to be disconnected with the battery pack, the battery loop conversion three-way valve is switched to the battery expansion kettle to be communicated with the internal heat exchanger and to be disconnected with the main expansion kettle, the heating loop conversion three-way valve is switched to the water-cooled condenser to be simultaneously communicated with the main expansion kettle and the refrigerator, the expansion valve conversion three-way valve is switched to the refrigerant circulation trunk to be communicated with the electronic expansion valve of the water-cooled heat exchanger, and the refrigerant circulation trunk is disconnected with the heat pump electronic expansion valve; at the moment, the main water pump, the battery water pump, the air conditioner water pump and the electronic compressor are all started, the refrigerant circularly flows in the refrigerant circulation main line and the first refrigerant circulation branch line, the circulating water circularly flows in the main line, the circulating water independently circularly flows in the two independent water circulation loops, the passenger compartment is dehumidified and heated, and the battery pack and the motor are cooled.

Preferably, when the thermal management and air conditioning system is switched to a low-temperature heating mode, the radiator three-way valve is switched to enable the main water pump to be communicated with the bypass pipeline and disconnected with the radiator, the loop conversion single-way valve is communicated, the refrigeration loop conversion three-way valve is switched to be communicated with the water-cooled heat exchanger and the battery pack and disconnected with the internal heat exchanger, the battery loop conversion three-way valve is switched to be communicated with the main expansion kettle and disconnected with the internal heat exchanger through the battery expansion kettle, the heating loop conversion three-way valve is switched to be communicated with the water-cooled condenser and the refrigerator and disconnected with the main expansion kettle, and the expansion valve conversion three-way valve is switched to be communicated with the refrigerant circulation main pipeline, the water-cooled heat exchanger electronic expansion valve and the heat pump electronic expansion valve; at this time, the main water pump is started, the electronic compressor is started, the refrigerant and the circulating water circularly flow to heat the passenger compartment and cool the battery pack and the motor.

Preferably, when the heat management and air conditioning system is switched to a pure heat pump heating mode, the radiator three-way valve is switched to enable the main water pump to be communicated with the radiator and disconnected with the bypass pipeline, the loop conversion one-way valve is communicated, the refrigeration loop conversion three-way valve is switched to be communicated with the water-cooled heat exchanger and the battery pack and disconnected with the internal heat exchanger, the battery loop conversion three-way valve is switched to be communicated with the battery expansion kettle and the main expansion kettle and disconnected with the internal heat exchanger, the heating loop conversion three-way valve is switched to be communicated with the refrigerator through the water-cooled condenser and disconnected with the main expansion kettle, the expansion valve conversion three-way valve is switched to be communicated with the refrigerant circulation trunk and the heat pump electronic expansion valve, and the refrigerant circulation trunk is disconnected with the water-cooled heat exchanger electronic expansion valve; at the moment, the main water pump is started, the electronic compressor is started, the refrigerant circularly flows in the refrigerant circulation main circuit and the second refrigerant circulation branch circuit, the circulating water circularly flows to heat the passenger compartment, and the battery pack and the motor are cooled.

Compared with the prior art, the water circulation type heat management and air conditioning system for the electric automobile, the automobile comprising the heat management and air conditioning system and the operation method of the heat management and air conditioning system have the following advantages:

1. in winter low temperature environment, the heat that motor, supplementary electronic module, the module of charging and group battery produced in the use is heated passenger cabin through hydrologic cycle make full use of, greatly reduced the extra power that needs the passenger cabin heating. The air conditioner auxiliary heater and the battery pack auxiliary heater both adopt low-power PTC, and only need work in the initial system temperature rise, thus reducing the cost.

2. The air conditioning box adopts a water-cooled air conditioning system different from the traditional automobile air conditioner, adopts the refrigerator and the heater with the same size, and cancels an air mixing air door and a corresponding air mixing structure, so that the volume of the air conditioning box is smaller, and the air conditioning box is more favorable for arrangement and saves more space.

3. Because the water-cooled air conditioning system is adopted, only one water-cooled heat exchanger for evaporating the refrigerant is arranged in the refrigerant circulation, the cooling liquid firstly cools the air entering the passenger compartment and then cools the battery pack, the refrigeration efficiency of the system is improved, the influence of the currently adopted double-evaporation heat exchanger on the performance of the air conditioner when the battery pack is cooled is avoided, the difficulty in debugging and matching of system development is greatly reduced, and the development cost is reduced.

4. In high temperature environment in summer, the traditional front end air-cooled condenser is eliminated in the refrigerant circulation, only the front end radiator is used, and the front end air inlet resistance is lower. When the front end opening with the same area is adopted, the air inflow is larger, the cooling effect is better, and the service efficiency of the system is higher; when the air input is the same, the front end air inlet opening can be further reduced, so that the aerodynamic resistance of the vehicle is reduced, and the endurance mileage and the energy utilization rate are improved.

5. The working modes can be flexibly switched according to different use environments, so that the working temperature of the battery pack can be controlled to be optimal in a wider range, the actual endurance mileage is increased, and the service life of the battery is prolonged.

6. Because the front end air-cooled condenser is cancelled and the water-cooled condenser is adopted, the volume of refrigerant circulation can be smaller and more compact. Not only occupies small space, is easier and more flexible to arrange, but also effectively reduces the cost.

7. The traditional complex heat pump structure is abandoned, and a heat pump loop formed by a heat pump evaporator is added in a heat management and air conditioning system, so that the application range of the whole system is wider, the arranged heat pump evaporator is specially used for low-temperature evaporation, and the heat pump evaporator is arranged behind a radiator, so that the heat exchange efficiency can be greatly improved.

Drawings

FIG. 1 illustrates a schematic diagram of the mode control and switching of an electric vehicle according to the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of an air path of the water-cooled air conditioning system according to the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the high temperature cooling mode of the electric vehicle according to the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram illustrating a moderate temperature heat dissipation mode of an electric vehicle according to the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a low temperature heating and dehumidification mode of the electric vehicle according to the present invention;

fig. 6 shows a schematic diagram of a low-temperature heating mode of an electric vehicle according to the present invention.

FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a high-temperature cooling mode of an electric vehicle according to another embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram illustrating a medium-temperature heat dissipation mode of an electric vehicle according to another embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of a low temperature heating and dehumidifying mode in an electric vehicle according to another embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 10 is a schematic view illustrating a low-temperature heating mode of an electric vehicle according to another embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 11 shows a schematic diagram of a pure heat pump heating mode of an electric vehicle according to another embodiment of the invention.

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments in the present application may be arbitrarily combined with each other without conflict.

Example one

A water circulation type heat management and air conditioning system for an electric automobile is applied to the electric automobile, and comprehensively utilizes heat generated by each part of the automobile in a circulating way of circulating water in a circulating loop according to heat dissipation and refrigeration requirements of the electric automobile under various using conditions. The working mode of the heat management and air conditioning system mainly comprises four modes, namely a high-temperature refrigeration mode, a medium-temperature heat dissipation mode, a medium-low temperature heating and dehumidifying mode and a low-temperature heating mode, namely when the external temperature is higher, the heat management and air conditioning system can work in the high-temperature refrigeration mode to cool a passenger cabin, a battery system and the like; when the external temperature is moderate, the thermal management and air conditioning system can work in a medium-temperature heat dissipation mode; when the external temperature is low and the humidity is high, the heat management and air conditioning system can work in a medium-low temperature heating and dehumidifying mode; when the external temperature is lower, the heat management and air conditioning system can work in a low-temperature heating mode.

As shown in fig. 1, the electric vehicle further includes a control system, a power system, an air conditioning system, and a battery system in addition to the thermal management and air conditioning system, the thermal management and air conditioning system works in cooperation with the control system, the power system, the air conditioning system, and the battery system, and makes full use of components in the existing air conditioning system, and heat generated in the power system and the battery system of the existing electric vehicle, and the control system can automatically implement switching between the above operation modes by controlling a control unit in the electric vehicle through the control system according to external environment information of the vehicle and a vehicle use condition.

Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of an air path of the water-cooled air conditioning system according to the present invention, wherein air can enter an automobile air duct through an external circulation air inlet 101 or an internal circulation air inlet, and the air entering the automobile air duct sequentially passes through an air filter 103, a blower 104, a refrigerator 105, and a heater 106, and then can be subjected to a defrosting and demisting air duct 107, a foot blowing air duct 108, and a face blowing air duct 109, respectively; among them, the refrigerator 105 and the heater 106 constitute a water-cooled air conditioning system. The opening and closing of the external circulation air inlet 101 and the internal circulation air inlet 102 are controlled by an internal and external circulation air door 110, and the opening and closing of the defrosting and demisting air duct 107, the foot blowing air duct 108 and the face blowing air duct 109 are controlled by a defrosting and demisting air door 111, a foot blowing air door 112 and a face blowing air door 113 respectively. Different from the traditional automobile air conditioner, the invention utilizes the heat exchange between circulating water and air to regulate the temperature of the passenger cabin, but not utilizes the heat exchange between refrigerant and air to regulate the temperature of the passenger cabin, adopts the refrigerator and the heater with the same size in the air duct, and uses the serial arrangement of the front refrigerator and the rear heater to cancel the air mixing air door and the corresponding air mixing mechanism of the traditional automobile air conditioner.

As shown in fig. 3, the thermal management and air conditioning system makes full use of existing components in a power system, an air conditioning system and a battery system of an electric vehicle, and mainly includes: the system comprises a main expansion kettle 1, a main water pump 2, a radiator three-way valve 3, a radiator 4 at the front end of a vehicle, a cooling fan 5, a bypass pipeline 6, a main pipeline 7, a battery pack auxiliary heater 8, a battery pack 9, a battery water pump 10, a battery expansion kettle 11, a battery loop conversion three-way valve 12, an internal heat exchanger 13, a loop conversion one-way valve 14, a refrigerator 15, an air conditioner expansion kettle 16, an air conditioner water pump 17, a refrigeration loop conversion three-way valve 18, a heating loop conversion three-way valve 19, an air conditioner auxiliary heater 20, a heater 21, a charging module 22, an auxiliary electric module 23, a motor 24, an electronic compressor 31, a water-cooled condenser 32, a dryer and liquid storage tank 33, a water-cooled heat exchanger electronic expansion valve 34 and a water-cooled heat exchanger 35; in which the refrigerator 15 and the heater 21 constitute a water-cooled air conditioning system 25.

The thermal management and air conditioning system forms two thermal management circuits, namely a refrigerant circulation circuit and a water circulation circuit. Wherein, the refrigerant circulating loop is composed of an electronic compressor 31, a water-cooled condenser 32, a dryer and a liquid storage tank 33, a water-cooled heat exchanger electronic expansion valve 34 and a water-cooled heat exchanger 35. The water circulation loop is composed of a main expansion water kettle 1, a main water pump 2, a radiator three-way valve 3, a radiator 4 at the front end of the vehicle, a cooling fan 5, a bypass pipeline 6, a main pipeline 7, a battery pack auxiliary heater 8, a battery pack 9, a battery water pump 10, a battery expansion water kettle 11, a battery loop conversion three-way valve 12, an internal heat exchanger 13, a loop conversion one-way valve 14, a refrigerator 15, an air conditioner expansion water kettle 16, an air conditioner water pump 17, a water-cooled heat exchanger 35, a refrigeration loop conversion three-way valve 18, a water-cooled condenser 32, a heating loop conversion three-way valve 19, an air conditioner auxiliary heater 20, a heater 21, a charging module 22, an auxiliary electric module 23 and a motor 24.

Referring to fig. 3, the refrigerant in the refrigerant circulation circuit flows through an electronic compressor 31, a water-cooled condenser 32, a dryer and receiver 33, a water-cooled heat exchanger electronic expansion valve 34, and a water-cooled heat exchanger 35 in this order.

The water circulation loop comprises a main line and four branches, and circulating water can circulate in the loop formed by the main line and at least one branch. Circulating water in the main line flows to a main line 7 through a main expansion kettle 1, a main water pump 2, a radiator three-way valve 3, a radiator 4 and/or a bypass pipeline 6; wherein, for radiator 4 is equipped with cooling fan 5 for carry out the forced air cooling heat dissipation to radiator 4, radiator 4 and bypass 6 are parallelly connected, control circulating water through radiator 4 and/or bypass 6 through radiator three-way valve 3. The first branch comprises a battery pack auxiliary heater 8, a battery pack 9, a battery water pump 10, a battery expansion kettle 11, a battery loop conversion three-way valve 12 and an internal heat exchanger 13; the second branch comprises a loop conversion one-way valve 14, a refrigerator 15, an air-conditioning expansion kettle 16, an air-conditioning water pump 17, an internal heat exchanger 13, a refrigeration loop conversion three-way valve 18 and a water-cooled heat exchanger 35. The third branch comprises a water-cooled condenser 32, a heating loop conversion three-way valve 19, an air-conditioning auxiliary heater 20 and a heater 21; the water in the fourth branch returns to the main expansion tank 1 from the main pipeline 7 through the charging module 22, the auxiliary electric module 23 and the motor 24.

In the main road, the radiator three-way valve 3 is provided with three passages, the first passage is communicated with the main water pump 2, the second passage is communicated with the radiator 4, the third passage is communicated with the bypass pipeline 6, and the on-off of the main water pump 2 and the radiator 4 and/or the bypass pipeline 6 is controlled by controlling the on-off of the passages of the radiator three-way valve 3. In the first branch, the battery circuit conversion three-way valve 12 has three passages, the first passage is connected with the battery expansion kettle 11, the second passage is connected with the main expansion kettle 1, the third passage is connected with the internal heat exchanger 13, and the battery circuit conversion three-way valve 12 can control the connection or disconnection of the passages. In the second branch, the loop switching one-way valve 1 controls the connection and disconnection between the main pipeline 7 and the refrigerator 15 or the water-cooled heat exchanger 35; the three-way valve 18 for switching the refrigeration circuit has three passages, a first passage is connected to the water-cooled heat exchanger 35, a second passage is connected to the battery pack auxiliary heater 8, and a third passage is connected to the internal heat exchanger 13, and the three-way valve for switching the refrigeration circuit can control the communication or disconnection between the passages. In the third branch, the heating loop conversion three-way valve 19 has three passages, the first passage is connected with the water-cooled condenser 32, the second passage is connected with the main expansion kettle 1, and the third passage is connected with the air-conditioning auxiliary heater 20.

When the control circuit switching one-way valve 14 is connected, the first passage of the switching battery circuit switching three-way valve 12 is connected with the second passage and is disconnected from the third passage, and the first passage of the switching refrigeration circuit switching three-way valve 18 is connected with the second passage and is disconnected from the third passage, at this time, the second passage does not participate in circulation except for the water-cooled heat exchanger 35, and the first passage, the water-cooled heat exchanger 35 and the trunk form a circulation circuit. When the control circuit switching one-way valve 14 is disconnected, the first passage and the third passage of the switching battery circuit switching three-way valve 12 are communicated, the second passage is disconnected, the first passage and the third passage of the switching refrigeration circuit switching three-way valve 18 are communicated, the second passage is disconnected, and at the moment, the first branch and the second branch form a circulation circuit independent of the main circuit respectively.

The automobile (not shown) comprises the heat management and air conditioning system, and by means of the heat management and air conditioning system, energy can be greatly saved, and performance of the automobile is improved.

Fig. 3 to 6 specifically show the circulation processes of the refrigerant and the circulating water in four modes, namely, a high-temperature refrigeration mode, a medium-temperature heat dissipation mode, a medium-low temperature heating and dehumidification mode, and a low-temperature heating mode, and the working processes in the various modes are described in detail below with reference to the drawings.

Referring to fig. 3, when it is detected that the external temperature is high, the control system controls the thermal management and air conditioning system to operate in a high-temperature cooling mode to cool the passenger compartment, the battery system, and the like. Because the external temperature is higher, the control system starts the refrigerant circulation, and simultaneously, the control system controls the main water pump 2, the battery water pump 10 and the air-conditioning water pump 17 to be started, so that more circulating water is used for refrigeration.

For this purpose, the control system issues a command to disconnect the third path of the radiator three-way valve 3, and to connect the first path and the second path; the circuit switching one-way valve 14 is opened; the second passage of the battery circuit switching three-way valve 12 is disconnected, and the first passage and the third passage are communicated; the first passage of the refrigeration circuit conversion three-way valve 18 is communicated with the third passage, and the second passage is disconnected; the first path and the second path of the heating circuit switching three-way valve 19 are connected, and the third path is disconnected. At this time, the refrigerant circulation circuit operates, the trunk circuit, the third branch circuit and the fourth branch circuit of the water circulation circuit form a circulation circuit, and the first branch circuit and the second branch circuit of the water circulation circuit form independent circulation circuits.

Specifically, the electronic compressor 31 is in an operating state, the refrigerant is compressed by the electronic compressor 31 and then pressurized into high-pressure steam, the high-pressure steam is cooled into high-pressure liquid after flowing through the water-cooled condenser 22, and in the process, the high-pressure steam exchanges heat with the circulating water flowing through the water-cooled condenser 32 to heat the circulating water in the third branch of the water circulation loop; the high-pressure liquid passes through the dryer liquid storage tank 23, is dried and then reaches the electronic expansion valve 34 of the water-cooled heat exchanger, then enters the water-cooled heat exchanger 35 to exchange heat with circulating water flowing through the water-cooled heat exchanger 35, circulating water in a second branch in the water circulation loop is cooled, and the cooled circulating water is used for refrigerating the passenger compartment. The refrigerant flowing through the water-cooled heat exchanger 35 enters the electronic compressor 31, and a refrigerant cycle is formed.

The main water pump 2 works to pump circulating water from the main expansion kettle 1 to the radiator tee joint 3, a larger refrigerating capacity is needed due to higher outside air temperature, the first passage and the second passage of the radiator tee joint 3 are communicated, the third passage is disconnected, at the moment, the circulating water flows through the radiator 4 completely, and the cooling fan 5 is started to cool the radiator 4 in an air cooling mode. Since the circuit switching one-way valve 14 is turned off, the circulating water cooled by the radiator 4 enters the third branch and the fourth branch, and does not enter the first branch and the second branch. In the third branch, the part of the circulating water cooled by the radiator 4 enters the water-cooled condenser 32, and exchanges heat with the refrigerant high-pressure steam flowing through the water-cooled condenser 32, so that the high-pressure steam flowing through the water-cooled condenser 32 is condensed into high-pressure liquid, while the circulating water flowing through the water-cooled condenser 32 is heated, because the passenger compartment does not need to be heated, the first passage and the second passage of the heating loop conversion three-way valve 19 are communicated, the third passage is disconnected, and the circulating water flowing through the water-cooled condenser 32 directly circulates back to the main expansion tank 1. In the fourth branch, the part of the circulating water cooled by the radiator 4 flows through the charging module 16, the auxiliary electric module 17 and the motor 18 and then returns to the main expansion tank 1 to cool the charging module 16, the auxiliary electric module 17 and the motor 18.

The circuit switching one-way valve 14 is disconnected, the second passage of the battery circuit switching three-way valve 12 is disconnected, and the first passage is communicated with the third passage; the first path of the refrigeration circuit conversion three-way valve 18 is communicated with the third path, the second path is disconnected, and at the moment, the first branch and the second branch of the water circulation circuit form independent circulation circuits.

In the first branch, the battery water pump 10 works, circulating water reaches the internal heat exchanger 13 from the battery expansion kettle 11 through the battery loop switching tee 12, and exchanges heat with circulating water flowing through the internal heat exchanger 13 in the second branch, and the cooled circulating water flows through the battery pack 9 to cool the battery pack 9 and circulates back to the battery expansion kettle 11.

In the second branch, the air-conditioning water pump 17 is operated, circulating water flows out from the air-conditioning expansion tank 16 to the internal heat exchanger 13, heat exchange is carried out with the circulating water flowing through the internal heat exchanger 13 in the first branch, the heated circulating water flows through the water-cooled heat exchanger 35, heat exchange is carried out with refrigerant flowing through the water-cooled heat exchanger 35, the heated circulating water is cooled by the refrigerant in the refrigerant circulating circuit, and then the heated circulating water reaches the refrigerator 15, the refrigerator 15 is used for cooling the passenger compartment, and the circulating water flowing through the refrigerator 15 circulates back to the air-conditioning expansion tank 16.

In the mode, through the design of the refrigerant circulation loop and the water circulation loop, the battery pack has a large refrigerating capacity requirement due to high external temperature, at the moment, the passenger compartment is refrigerated by using the automobile air conditioner, and the battery pack is refrigerated by using the automobile air conditioner, so that the requirement of passengers is met, and meanwhile, the battery pack is effectively cooled under the high-temperature condition; and the motor system with lower refrigeration requirement adopts circulating water for cooling.

Referring to fig. 4, when the external temperature is detected to be moderate, the control system controls the thermal management and air conditioning system to work in a moderate-temperature heat dissipation mode to cool the battery system, the motor system and the like. Because the external temperature is moderate, the control system does not start the automobile air conditioner, only starts the water circulation loop, controls the main water pump 2 to participate in circulation, cools the passenger cabin, the battery system and the like, and if necessary, the battery water pump 10 can also participate in circulation to play an auxiliary role. For this purpose, the control system issues a command to bring the first and second paths of the radiator three-way valve 3 into communication, and the third path is disconnected; the loop switching one-way valve 14 is communicated; the first path and the second path of the battery circuit conversion three-way valve 12 are communicated, and the third path is disconnected; the first passage and the second passage of the refrigeration circuit conversion three-way valve 18 are communicated, and the third passage is disconnected; the first path and the second path of the heating circuit switching three-way valve 19 are connected, and the third path is disconnected. At this time, the refrigerant circulation circuit does not operate, and the trunk line of the water circulation circuit and the first, second, third, and fourth branch lines form a circulation circuit.

Specifically, the main water pump 2 works to pump circulating water from the main expansion kettle 1 to the radiator tee joint 3, when a large refrigerating capacity is needed, the first passage and the second passage of the radiator tee joint 3 are communicated, the third passage is disconnected, at the moment, the circulating water flows through the radiator 4 completely, and meanwhile, the cooling fan 5 is started to perform air cooling on the radiator 4. The circulating water cooled by the radiator 4 simultaneously enters the first branch, the second branch, the third branch and the fourth branch. Part of cooled circulating water flows through the loop conversion one-way valve 14 and the water-cooled heat exchanger 35 (without heat exchange), then flows through the battery pack 9 to cool the battery pack 9, and then flows through the battery expansion kettle 11 and the battery loop conversion three-way valve 12 and then returns to the main expansion kettle 1; part of cooled circulating water returns to the main expansion kettle 1 after passing through a water-cooled condenser 22 (without heat exchange) and a heating loop conversion three-way valve 19; part of cooled circulating water flows through the charging module 16, the auxiliary electric module 17 and the motor 18 and then returns to the main expansion kettle 1 to cool the charging module 16, the auxiliary electric module 17 and the motor 18. When a large refrigerating capacity is not needed, the radiator three-way valve 3 can also adjust the first passage, the second passage and the third passage to be communicated, so that part of circulating water flows through the bypass pipeline 6, and the optimal temperature and efficiency control is realized.

In the mode, as the refrigerating requirement is not high, the refrigerant circulating loop does not work through the design of the refrigerant circulating loop and the water circulating loop, and the circulating water is cooled only by the radiator 4 of the water circulating loop, so that the battery pack, the motor and the like are refrigerated according to the requirement, the cooling requirement of the battery pack and the motor is met, and meanwhile, the electric energy can be saved.

Referring to fig. 5, when the external temperature is detected to be low and the humidity is detected to be high, the control system controls the thermal management and air conditioning system to work in a medium-low temperature heating and dehumidifying mode, so as to dehumidify and heat the passenger compartment and cool the battery system and the like. Because the outside temperature is lower and humidity is great, control system starts vehicle air conditioner, and simultaneously, control system control main water pump 2 participates in the circulation. For this purpose, the control system issues a command to cause the radiator three-way valve 3 to communicate the first, second and third passages; the loop switching one-way valve 14 is communicated; the first passage of the battery circuit conversion three-way valve 13 is communicated with the third passage, and the second passage is disconnected; the first passage of the refrigeration circuit conversion three-way valve 18 is communicated with the third passage, and the second passage is disconnected; the first passage, the second passage, and the third passage of the heating circuit switching three-way valve 19 are all communicated. At this time, the refrigerant circulation circuit operates, the trunk circuit, the third branch circuit and the fourth branch circuit of the water circulation circuit form a circulation circuit, and the first branch circuit and the second branch circuit of the water circulation circuit form independent circulation circuits.

Specifically, the electronic compressor 31 is in an operating state, the refrigerant is compressed by the electronic compressor 31 and then pressurized into high-pressure steam, the high-pressure steam is cooled into high-pressure liquid after flowing through the water-cooled condenser 32, and in the process, the high-pressure steam exchanges heat with circulating water flowing through the water-cooled condenser 32 to heat circulating water in a third branch in the water circulation loop; the high-pressure liquid passes through the dryer liquid storage tank 23, is dried and then reaches the electronic expansion valve 34 of the water-cooled heat exchanger, then enters the water-cooled heat exchanger 35 to exchange heat with circulating water flowing through the water-cooled heat exchanger 35, so as to cool the circulating water in the second branch in the water circulation loop, and then the refrigerant flowing through the water-cooled heat exchanger 35 enters the electronic compressor 31, so that refrigerant circulation is formed.

The main water pump 2 works, circulating water is pumped to the radiator tee joint 3 from the main expansion kettle 1, the first passage, the second passage and the third passage of the radiator tee joint 3 can be selected to be communicated without too large refrigerating capacity due to low outside air temperature, the radiator 4 is cooled by air cooling by opening the cooling fan 5, and in the mode, the radiator tee joint 3 can also be adjusted according to actual needs to realize optimal temperature and efficiency control. The circulating water cooled by the radiator 4 enters the third branch and the fourth branch. Because the first passage, the second passage and the third passage of the heating loop conversion three-way valve 19 are communicated, the circulating water entering the third branch passes through the water-cooled condenser 32 to exchange heat with the refrigerant flowing through the water-cooled condenser 32, and reaches the heating loop conversion three-way valve 19 after being heated by the refrigerant, a part of the circulating water directly returns to the main expansion kettle 1, and the other part of the circulating water reaches the heater 21 of the water-cooled air conditioning system 25 to heat the air entering the passenger compartment so as to keep the passenger compartment comfortable. In the fourth branch, the circulating water cooled by the radiator 4 flows through the charging module 16, the auxiliary electric module 17 and the motor 18 and then returns to the main expansion tank 1 to cool the charging module 16, the auxiliary electric module 17 and the motor 18.

In the second branch, the air-conditioning water pump 17 is operated, the circulating water flows out from the air-conditioning expansion tank 16 to the internal heat exchanger 13, and exchanges heat with the circulating water flowing through the internal heat exchanger 13 in the first branch, the heated circulating water exchanges heat with the refrigerant flowing through the water-cooled heat exchanger 35 when flowing through the water-cooled heat exchanger 35, and is cooled by the refrigerant in the refrigerant circulation circuit, and then reaches the refrigerator 15 of the water-cooled air-conditioning system 25, the refrigerator 15 is used for cooling and dehumidifying the passenger compartment, and the circulating water flowing through the refrigerator 15 circulates back to the air-conditioning expansion tank 16.

In the mode, through the design of the refrigerant circulation loop and the water circulation loop, the dehumidification and heating of the passenger compartment are realized by the cooperation of the automobile air conditioner and the second branch and the third branch of the water circulation loop, and meanwhile, the battery pack, the motor and the like are refrigerated by the first branch and the fourth branch of the water circulation loop.

Referring to fig. 6, when it is detected that the external temperature is low, the control system controls the thermal management and air conditioning system to operate in a low-temperature heating mode, so as to heat the passenger compartment and cool the battery system, the motor system, and the like. Because the external temperature is lower, the refrigerating capacity requirements of the battery system and the motor system are not large, at the moment, the control system starts the automobile air conditioner and controls the main water pump 2 to participate in circulation, the passenger compartment is heated by utilizing the heat emitted by the condensation of the refrigerant, and meanwhile, the circulating water supplied to the battery system is further cooled by utilizing the heat absorption of the refrigerant. For this purpose, the control system sends out an instruction to enable the first passage and the third passage of the radiator three-way valve 3 to be communicated, and the second passage is disconnected; the loop switching one-way valve 14 is communicated; the first passage of the battery circuit conversion three-way valve 12 is communicated with the second passage, and the third passage is disconnected; the first passage of the refrigeration circuit conversion three-way valve 18 is communicated with the second passage, and the third passage is disconnected; the first path and the third path of the heating circuit switching three-way valve 19 are connected, and the second path is disconnected. At this time, the refrigerant circulation circuit operates, the trunk circuit of the water circulation circuit and the first, third and fourth branches all form a circulation circuit, and the second branch does not operate.

Specifically, the electronic compressor 31 is in an operating state, the refrigerant is compressed by the electronic compressor 31 and then pressurized into high-pressure steam, the high-pressure steam is cooled into high-pressure liquid after flowing through the water-cooled condenser 32, and in the process, the high-pressure steam exchanges heat with circulating water flowing through the water-cooled condenser 32 to heat circulating water in a third branch in the water circulation loop; the high-pressure liquid passes through the dryer liquid storage tank 23, is dried and then reaches the electronic expansion valve 34 of the water-cooled heat exchanger, then enters the water-cooled heat exchanger 35 to exchange heat with circulating water flowing through the water-cooled heat exchanger 35, so as to cool the circulating water in the first branch in the water circulation loop, and then the refrigerant flowing through the water-cooled heat exchanger 35 enters the electronic compressor 31, so that refrigerant circulation is formed.

The main water pump 2 works to pump circulating water from the main expansion kettle 1 to the radiator tee joint 3, the requirement on the refrigerating capacity is low due to low outside air temperature, the first passage and the third passage of the radiator tee joint 3 are communicated, the second passage is disconnected, and the circulating water reaches the main pipeline through the bypass pipeline 6. In this mode, the radiator three-way valve 3 can also be adjusted according to actual needs to achieve optimal temperature and efficiency control.

In the first branch, the circulating water reaches the water-cooled heat exchanger 35 from the main pipeline 7 through the loop switching one-way valve 14, exchanges heat with the refrigerant flowing through the water-cooled heat exchanger 35, reaches the battery pack 9 through the refrigeration loop switching three-way valve 18 after being cooled, is used for cooling the battery pack 9, and then sequentially flows through the battery expansion kettle 11 and the battery loop switching three-way valve 12 to circulate back to the main expansion kettle. If the temperature of the circulating water in the first branch is too low to meet the requirement, the auxiliary heater 8 of the battery pack can perform auxiliary heating as required to meet the performance requirement of the system.

In the third branch, the circulating water cooled by the radiator 4 enters the third branch and the fourth branch. Because the first path and the third path of the heating circuit switching three-way valve 19 are communicated, the second path is disconnected, the circulating water entering the third branch passes through the water-cooled condenser 32 to exchange heat with the refrigerant passing through the water-cooled condenser 32, and after being heated by the refrigerant, the circulating water passes through the heating circuit switching three-way valve 19 to reach the heater 21 of the water-cooled air conditioning system 25, so that the air entering the passenger compartment is heated to keep the comfort of the passenger compartment. If the temperature of the circulating water in the third branch is not high enough to meet the requirement, the auxiliary air-conditioning heater 20 can perform auxiliary heating as required to meet the requirement of the passenger.

In the fourth branch, the circulating water cooled by the radiator 4 flows through the charging module 16, the auxiliary electric module 17 and the motor 18 and then returns to the main expansion tank 1 to cool the charging module 16, the auxiliary electric module 17 and the motor 18.

In the mode, through the design of the refrigerant circulation loop and the water circulation loop, the heating of the passenger compartment and the cooling of the battery pack are realized by the cooperation of the automobile air conditioner and the first branch and the third branch of the water circulation loop, and meanwhile, the supplementary heating is performed by the electric auxiliary heater, so that the heating efficiency is greatly improved.

According to the difference of external temperatures, the control system automatically controls the heat management and air conditioning system to work in a high-temperature refrigeration mode, a medium-temperature heat dissipation mode, a medium-low temperature heating and dehumidifying mode or a low-temperature heating mode, so that heat generated in the using process of the vehicle can be fully utilized, and the advantage of high air conditioning refrigeration efficiency is fully exerted, thereby greatly reducing extra power required by temperature adjustment of the vehicle in the using process, greatly improving heating and refrigerating efficiency, and achieving the purposes of saving energy and reducing cost.

Example two

In this embodiment, a refrigerant circulation branch, i.e. a second refrigerant circulation branch, is further added on the basis of the first embodiment, and an expansion valve conversion three-way valve 36 is additionally arranged between the dryer liquid storage tank 33 and the electronic expansion valve 34 of the water-cooling heat exchanger, so that the rest of the structure of the thermal management and air conditioning system is kept unchanged. The electronic compressor 31, the water-cooled condenser 32, and the dryer receiver 33 constitute a refrigerant circulation trunk line, the water-cooled heat exchanger electronic expansion valve 34 and the water-cooled heat exchanger 35 constitute a first refrigerant circulation branch line, the refrigerant in the second refrigerant circulation branch line returns to the electronic compressor 31 from the expansion valve switching three-way valve 36 via the heat pump electronic expansion valve 29 and the heat pump evaporator 30, and the heat pump evaporator 38 is disposed in parallel with the radiator 4 and is cooled by the cooling fan 5. The expansion valve conversion three-way valve 36 has three passages, the first passage is communicated with the dryer liquid storage tank 23, the second passage is communicated with the electronic expansion valve 34 of the water-cooling heat exchanger, the third passage is communicated with the electronic expansion valve 29 of the heat pump, and the on-off of the first refrigerant circulation branch and/or the second refrigerant circulation branch is controlled by controlling the on-off of the passages of the expansion valve conversion three-way valve 36.

In the second embodiment, the operation mode of the thermal management and air conditioning system mainly comprises five modes, namely a high-temperature refrigeration mode, a medium-temperature heat dissipation mode, a medium-low temperature heating and dehumidification mode, a low-temperature heating mode and a pure heat pump heating mode, namely when the external temperature is higher, the thermal management and air conditioning system can work in the high-temperature refrigeration mode to cool the passenger compartment, the battery system and the like; when the external temperature is moderate, the thermal management and air conditioning system can work in a medium-temperature heat dissipation mode; when the external temperature is low and the humidity is high, the heat management and air conditioning system can work in a medium-low temperature heating and dehumidifying mode; when the external temperature is lower, the heat management and air conditioning system can work in a low-temperature heating mode or a pure heat pump mode.

Fig. 7 to 11 specifically show the circulation processes of the refrigerant and the circulating water in the five modes, i.e., the high-temperature cooling mode, the medium-temperature heat dissipation mode, the medium-low temperature heating and dehumidification mode, the low-temperature heating mode, and the pure heat pump heating mode, and the working processes in the various modes are described in detail below with reference to the drawings.

Referring to fig. 7 to 9, in the high-temperature refrigeration mode, the medium-temperature heat dissipation mode, and the medium-and-low-temperature heating and dehumidifying mode, the second refrigerant circulation branch is always in the off state and does not participate in the circulation work of the refrigerant. The working principle of the thermal management and air conditioning system in the three modes is completely the same as that of the thermal management and air conditioning system in the corresponding mode in the first embodiment, and details are not repeated here.

When the detected external temperature is lower, the heat management and air conditioning system can be selected to work in a low-temperature heating mode or a pure heat pump heating mode to heat the passenger compartment and cool the battery system, the motor system and the like.

Fig. 10 illustrates an operation of the low temperature heating mode. Because the external temperature is lower, the refrigerating capacity requirements of the battery system and the motor system are not large, at the moment, the control system starts the automobile air conditioner and controls the main water pump 2 to participate in circulation, the passenger compartment is heated by utilizing the heat emitted by the condensation of the refrigerant, and meanwhile, the circulating water supplied to the battery system is further cooled by utilizing the heat absorption of the refrigerant. For this purpose, the control system sends out an instruction to enable the first passage and the third passage of the radiator three-way valve 3 to be communicated, and the second passage is disconnected; the loop switching one-way valve 14 is communicated; the first passage of the battery circuit conversion three-way valve 12 is communicated with the second passage, and the third passage is disconnected; the first passage of the refrigeration circuit conversion three-way valve 18 is communicated with the second passage, and the third passage is disconnected; the first passage of the heating loop conversion three-way valve 19 is communicated with the third passage, and the second passage is disconnected; the first passage of the expansion valve switching three-way valve 36 communicates with the second passage and the third passage at the same time. At this time, the refrigerant circulation main line, the first refrigerant circulation branch line and the second refrigerant circulation branch line form a circulation loop, the main line of the water circulation loop, the first branch line, the third branch line and the fourth branch line form a circulation loop, and the second branch line does not work.

Specifically, the electronic compressor 31 is in an operating state, the refrigerant is compressed by the electronic compressor 31 and then pressurized into high-pressure steam, the high-pressure steam is cooled into high-pressure liquid after flowing through the water-cooled condenser 32, and in the process, the high-pressure steam exchanges heat with circulating water flowing through the water-cooled condenser 32 to heat circulating water in a third branch in the water circulation loop; the high-pressure liquid flows through the dryer liquid storage tank 23 and is dried, and then partially reaches the electronic expansion valve 34 of the water-cooled heat exchanger, and then enters the water-cooled heat exchanger 35 to exchange heat with circulating water flowing through the water-cooled heat exchanger 35, so that the circulating water in a first branch in a water circulation loop is cooled, and the refrigerant flowing through the water-cooled heat exchanger 35 then enters the electronic compressor 31 to form refrigerant circulation; the part of the refrigerant dried by the dryer receiver 23 reaches the heat pump electronic expansion valve 37, and then enters the heat pump evaporator 38 to exchange heat with the external environment, so as to form a refrigerant cycle.

The main water pump 2 works to pump circulating water from the main expansion kettle 1 to the radiator tee joint 3, the requirement on the refrigerating capacity is low due to low outside air temperature, the first passage and the third passage of the radiator tee joint 3 are communicated, the second passage is disconnected, and the circulating water reaches the main pipeline 7 through the bypass pipeline 6. In this mode, the radiator three-way valve 3 can also be adjusted according to actual needs to achieve optimal temperature and efficiency control.

In the first branch, the circulating water reaches the water-cooled heat exchanger 35 from the main pipeline 7 through the loop switching one-way valve 14, exchanges heat with the refrigerant flowing through the water-cooled heat exchanger 35, is cooled and then reaches the battery pack 9 through the refrigeration loop switching three-way valve 18 for cooling the battery pack 9, and then sequentially flows through the battery expansion tank 11 and the battery loop switching three-way valve 12 to circulate back to the main expansion tank. If the temperature of the circulating water in the first branch is too low to meet the requirement, the auxiliary heater 8 of the battery pack can perform auxiliary heating as required to meet the performance requirement of the system.

In the mode, through the design of the refrigerant circulation loop and the water circulation loop, the cooperation of the automobile air conditioner and the first branch and the third branch of the water circulation loop is utilized, the heat pump evaporator is combined, the heating of the passenger compartment and the cooling of the battery pack are realized, meanwhile, the electric auxiliary heater is utilized for heating in a supplementing manner, and the heating efficiency is greatly improved.

Figure 11 illustrates the operation of the pure heat pump heating mode. Because the external temperature is low, the refrigerating capacity requirements of the battery system and the motor system are not large, at the moment, the control system starts the automobile air conditioner and controls the main water pump 2 to participate in circulation, the passenger compartment is heated by utilizing the heat dissipated by the condensation of the refrigerant, and meanwhile, the refrigerant is utilized to absorb the heat from the external environment in the heat pump evaporator 30. For this purpose, the control system sends out an instruction to enable the first passage and the second passage of the radiator three-way valve 3 to be communicated, and the third passage to be disconnected; the loop switching one-way valve 14 is communicated; the first passage of the battery circuit conversion three-way valve 12 is communicated with the second passage, and the third passage is disconnected; the first passage of the refrigeration circuit conversion three-way valve 18 is communicated with the second passage, and the third passage is disconnected; the first passage of the heating loop conversion three-way valve 19 is communicated with the third passage, and the second passage is disconnected; the expansion valve switching three-way valve 36 has a first passage communicating with the third passage and a second passage being disconnected. At this time, the refrigerant circulation main line and the second refrigerant circulation branch line form a circulation circuit, the main line of the water circulation circuit and the first, third and fourth branch lines form a circulation circuit, and the second branch line does not work.

Specifically, the electronic compressor 31 is in an operating state, the refrigerant is compressed by the electronic compressor 31 and then pressurized into high-pressure steam, the high-pressure steam is cooled into high-pressure liquid after flowing through the water-cooled condenser 32, and in the process, the high-pressure steam exchanges heat with circulating water flowing through the water-cooled condenser 32 to heat circulating water in a third branch in the water circulation loop; the high pressure liquid passes through the dryer receiver 23, is dried, then reaches the heat pump electronic expansion valve 37, and then enters the heat pump evaporator 38 to exchange heat with the external environment, thereby forming a refrigerant cycle.

The main water pump 2 works to pump circulating water from the main expansion kettle 1 to the radiator tee joint 3, the requirement on the refrigerating capacity is low due to low outside air temperature, the first passage and the second passage of the radiator tee joint 3 are communicated, the third passage is disconnected, and the circulating water reaches the main pipeline 7 through the radiator 4. In this mode, the radiator three-way valve 3 can also be adjusted according to actual needs to achieve optimal temperature and efficiency control.

In the first branch, the circulating water from the main pipeline 7 reaches the battery pack 9 through the circuit switching one-way valve 14 for cooling the battery pack 9, and then flows through the battery expansion tank 11 and the battery circuit switching three-way valve 12 in sequence to circulate back to the main expansion tank. If the temperature of the circulating water in the first branch is too low to meet the requirement, the auxiliary heater 8 of the battery pack can perform auxiliary heating as required to meet the performance requirement of the system.

EXAMPLE III

The embodiment has substantially the same structure as the first embodiment and the second embodiment, except that the electronic expansion valve 34 of the water-cooling heat exchanger and the electronic expansion valve 37 of the heat pump are both electronic expansion valves with a cut-off function, so that the expansion valve switching three-way valve 36 can be omitted, and the cost can be further saved.

At this time, when the control system controls the heat management and air conditioning system to switch among the high-temperature refrigeration mode, the medium-temperature heat dissipation mode, the medium-low temperature heating and dehumidification mode, the low-temperature heating mode, the pure heat pump heating mode and other modes, the expansion valve conversion three-way valve 36 does not control the pipeline communication between the refrigerant and each electronic expansion valve, and the control system directly controls the on-off of each electronic expansion valve. The working processes of the various modes are not described in detail herein.

It is noted that the foregoing shows and describes the general principles and features of the present invention, together with the advantages thereof. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, which are merely illustrative of the principles of the present invention, but that various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A water circulation type heat management and air conditioning system for an electric automobile comprises a refrigerant circulation loop and a water circulation loop; the method is characterized in that: the refrigerant circulation loop comprises an electronic compressor (31), a water-cooled condenser (32), a water-cooled heat exchanger electronic expansion valve (34) and a water-cooled heat exchanger (35); the water circulation loop comprises a water circulation main line and at least two water circulation branches, wherein the circulating water of one water circulation branch exchanges heat with the water-cooled heat exchanger (35) and is used for cooling the passenger compartment and/or the battery pack (9), and the circulating water of the other water circulation branch exchanges heat with the water-cooled condenser (32) and is used for heating the passenger compartment; the part for cooling the passenger compartment is a refrigerator (15), the part for heating the passenger compartment is a heater (21), and the refrigerator (15) and the heater (21) form a water-cooled air conditioning system (25);

a loop switching one-way valve (14) is arranged between a water circulation main path and a water-cooled heat exchanger (35), a refrigerating loop switching three-way valve (18) is arranged between the water-cooled heat exchanger (35) and a battery pack (9), the other path of the refrigerating loop switching three-way valve (18) is communicated with an internal heat exchanger (13), a battery loop switching three-way valve (12) is arranged between a battery expansion kettle (11) and a main expansion kettle (1), the other path of the battery loop switching three-way valve (12) is communicated with the internal heat exchanger (13), a heating loop switching three-way valve (19) is arranged between a water-cooled condenser (32) and the main expansion kettle (1), and the other path of the heating loop switching three-way valve (19) is communicated with a heater (21); a radiator three-way valve (3) is arranged between the main water pump (2) and the radiator (4), and the other passage of the radiator three-way valve (3) is communicated with a bypass pipeline (6) which is connected with the radiator (4) in parallel.

2. The water circulation type heat management and air conditioning system for the electric automobile according to claim 1, wherein the water circulation trunk line comprises a main expansion kettle (1), a main water pump (2), a radiator three-way valve (3), a radiator (4), a bypass pipeline (6) and a main pipeline (7) in sequence; the radiator (4) is connected with the bypass pipeline (6) in parallel and is positioned between the radiator three-way valve (3) and the main pipeline (7), and the radiator (4) is also provided with a cooling fan (5); the radiator three-way valve (3) can control the circulation of the circulating water to the radiator (4) and/or the bypass pipeline (6).

3. The water-circulating type thermal management and air conditioning system for electric vehicles according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the water circulating branch exchanging heat with the water-cooled heat exchanger (35) comprises: the system comprises a loop conversion one-way valve (14), a water-cooled heat exchanger (35), a refrigeration loop conversion three-way valve (18), a battery pack (9), a battery water pump (10), a battery expansion kettle (11), a battery loop conversion three-way valve (12), a refrigerator (15), an air-conditioning expansion kettle (16), an air-conditioning water pump (17) and an internal heat exchanger (13).

4. The water-circulating heat management and air conditioning system for electric vehicles as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the water circulation branch exchanging heat with the water-cooled condenser (32), the circulating water flows from the water circulation main through the water-cooled condenser (32), the heating circuit switching three-way valve (19) in sequence, and the circulating water can be directly circulated back to the main expansion tank (1) and/or the main expansion tank (1) through the heater (21) of the water-cooled air conditioning system (25) by switching the heating circuit switching three-way valve (19).

5. The water-circulating heat management and air conditioning system for electric vehicles as recited in claim 3, wherein the water circulating branch for heat exchange with the water-cooled heat exchanger (35) is switched by the circuit switching one-way valve (14), the refrigerating circuit switching three-way valve (18) and the battery circuit switching three-way valve (12) to form one water circulating branch communicating with the water circulating main or two water circulating loops independent of the water circulating main.

6. The water circulation type heat management and air conditioning system for the electric automobile according to claim 5, wherein in the water circulation branch communicated with the water circulation trunk, the circulating water sequentially flows through a main pipeline (7), a loop conversion one-way valve (14), a water-cooled heat exchanger (35), a refrigeration loop conversion three-way valve (18), a battery pack (9), a battery water pump (10), a battery expansion kettle (11), a battery loop conversion three-way valve (12) and the main expansion kettle (1); in two water circulation loops independent with the water circulation main road, in one of them independent water circulation loop, the circulating water flows through group battery (9) in proper order, battery water pump (10), battery expansion kettle (11), battery loop conversion three-way valve (12), inside heat exchanger (13), circulating water returns group battery (9), constitute an independent water circulation loop, in another independent water circulation loop, the circulating water flows through water-cooled heat exchanger (35) in proper order, refrigerator (15), air conditioner expansion kettle (16), air conditioner water pump (17), inside heat exchanger (13), refrigeration loop conversion three-way valve (18), circulating water returns cold type heat exchanger (35), constitute another independent water circulation loop.

7. The water circulation type heat management and air conditioning system for the electric automobile as claimed in claim 1, further comprising a water circulation branch, wherein the circulating water flows from the main pipeline (7) to the main expansion tank (1) through the charging module (22), the auxiliary electric module (23) and the motor (24) in sequence.

8. The water-circulating type thermal management and air conditioning system for electric vehicles according to claim 1, wherein the refrigerator (15) and the heater (21) of the water-cooled type air conditioning system (25) are arranged in series along the air duct.

9. The water-circulating type thermal management and air conditioning system for electric vehicles according to claim 1, wherein a battery pack auxiliary electric heater (8) and an air conditioning auxiliary electric heater (20) are provided for the battery pack (9) and the heater (21), respectively.

10. The water-circulating type thermal management and air conditioning system for electric vehicles according to claim 1, wherein the electronic compressor (31) and the water-cooled condenser (32) constitute a refrigerant circulation trunk, the water-cooled heat exchanger electronic expansion valve (34) and the water-cooled heat exchanger (35) constitute a first refrigerant circulation branch, the thermal management and air conditioning system further comprises a second refrigerant circulation branch provided with a heat pump electronic expansion valve (37) and a heat pump evaporator (38); the second refrigerant circulation branch is connected in parallel with the first refrigerant circulation branch.

11. The water-circulating thermal management and air conditioning system for electric vehicles according to claim 10, wherein an expansion valve switching three-way valve (36) is disposed between the water-cooled condenser (32) and the first refrigerant circulation branch and between the water-cooled condenser and the second refrigerant circulation branch, and the expansion valve switching three-way valve (36) is respectively communicated with the water-cooled heat exchanger electronic expansion valve (34) and the heat pump electronic expansion valve (37) for controlling the on-off of the two refrigerant circulation branches.

12. The water-circulating type thermal management and air conditioning system for electric vehicles according to claim 11, wherein the water-cooled heat exchanger electronic expansion valve (34) and the heat pump electronic expansion valve (37) are both electronic expansion valves with cut-off function, thereby omitting the expansion valve switching three-way valve (36).

13. An electric vehicle comprising the water-circulating thermal management and air conditioning system for an electric vehicle of any of claims 1-12.

14. A method of operating a water circulating thermal management and air conditioning system for electric vehicles according to any of claims 1 to 9, the method comprising: according to the external temperature, the control system controls the heat management and air conditioning system to switch among a high-temperature refrigeration mode, a medium-temperature heat dissipation mode, a medium-low temperature heating and dehumidifying mode and a low-temperature heating mode.

15. The operating method according to claim 14, wherein when the thermal management and air conditioning system is switched to the high temperature refrigeration mode, the radiator three-way valve (3) is switched such that the main water pump (2) is in communication with the radiator (4) and disconnected from the bypass line (6), the circuit switching one-way valve (14) is cut off, the refrigeration circuit switching three-way valve (18) is switched to the internal heat exchanger (13) to be in communication with the water-cooled heat exchanger (35) and disconnected from the battery pack (9), the battery circuit switching three-way valve (12) is switched to the battery expansion tank (11) to be in communication with the internal heat exchanger (13) and disconnected from the main expansion tank (1), and the heating circuit switching three-way valve (19) is switched to the water-cooled condenser (32) to be directly in communication with the main expansion tank (1) and disconnected from the refrigerator (15); at the moment, the main water pump (2), the battery water pump (10), the air-conditioning water pump (17) and the electronic compressor (31) are all started, refrigerant circulates in a refrigerant circulation pipeline, circulating water circulates in the main pipeline, the circulating water independently circulates in two independent water circulation loops, and the passenger compartment, the battery pack (9) and the motor (24) are cooled.

16. The operating method according to claim 15, wherein when the thermal management and air conditioning system is switched to the medium-temperature heating mode, the radiator three-way valve (3) is switched such that the main water pump (2) is in communication with the radiator (4) and disconnected from the bypass line (6), the circuit-switching one-way valve (14) is in communication, the refrigeration circuit-switching three-way valve (18) is switched to the water-cooled heat exchanger (35) to be in communication with the battery pack (9) and disconnected from the internal heat exchanger (13), the battery circuit-switching three-way valve (12) is switched to the battery expansion tank (11) to be in communication with the main expansion tank (1) and disconnected from the internal heat exchanger (13), and the heating circuit-switching three-way valve (19) is switched to the water-cooled condenser (32) to be in direct communication with the main expansion tank (1) and disconnected from the refrigerator (15); at the moment, the main water pump (2) is started, the electronic compressor (31) is not started, and circulating water circularly flows through each branch to cool the battery pack (9) and the motor (24).

17. The operating method according to claim 15, wherein when the thermal management and air conditioning system is switched to the medium-low temperature heating and dehumidifying mode, the radiator three-way valve (3) is switched such that the main water pump (2) is simultaneously communicated with the radiator (4) and the bypass line (6), the circuit switching one-way valve (14) is cut off, the refrigeration circuit switching three-way valve (18) is switched to communicate the internal heat exchanger (13) with the water-cooled heat exchanger (35) and to disconnect the battery pack (9), the battery circuit switching three-way valve (12) is switched to communicate the battery expansion tank (11) with the internal heat exchanger (13) and to disconnect the main expansion tank (1), and the heating circuit switching three-way valve (19) is switched to communicate the water-cooled condenser (32) with the main expansion tank (1) and the refrigerator (15) simultaneously; at the moment, the main water pump (2), the battery water pump (10), the air-conditioning water pump (17) and the electronic compressor (31) are all started, the refrigerant circularly flows in the refrigerant circulating pipeline, the circulating water circularly flows in the main pipeline (7), the circulating water independently circularly flows in the two independent water circulating loops, the passenger compartment is dehumidified and heated, and the battery pack (9) and the motor (24) are cooled.

18. The operating method according to claim 15, wherein when the thermal management and air conditioning system is switched to the low-temperature heating mode, the radiator three-way valve (3) is switched such that the main water pump (2) is communicated with the bypass line (6) and disconnected from the radiator (4), the circuit switching one-way valve (14) is communicated, the refrigeration circuit switching three-way valve (18) is switched to the water-cooled heat exchanger (35) to be communicated with the battery pack (9) and disconnected from the internal heat exchanger (13), the battery circuit switching three-way valve (12) is switched to the battery expansion tank (11) to be communicated with the main expansion tank (1) and disconnected from the internal heat exchanger (13), and the heating circuit switching three-way valve (19) is switched to the water-cooled condenser (32) to be communicated with the refrigerator (15) and disconnected from the main expansion tank (1); at this time, the main water pump (2) is started, the electronic compressor (31) is started, the refrigerant and the circulating water circulate to heat the passenger compartment, and the battery pack (9) and the motor (24) are cooled.

19. An operation method of the water circulation type thermal management and air conditioning system for the electric vehicle according to claim 10 or 11, wherein the operation method specifically comprises: according to the external temperature, the control system controls the heat management and air conditioning system to switch among a high-temperature refrigeration mode, a medium-temperature heat dissipation mode, a medium-low temperature heating and dehumidifying mode, a low-temperature heating mode and a pure heat pump heating mode.

20. The operating method according to claim 19, wherein when the thermal management and air conditioning system is switched to the high temperature cooling mode, the radiator three-way valve (3) is switched such that the main water pump (2) is communicated with the radiator (4) and disconnected from the bypass line (6), the circuit switching one-way valve (14) is cut off, the cooling circuit switching three-way valve (18) is switched to the internal heat exchanger (13) to be communicated with the water-cooled heat exchanger (35) and disconnected from the battery pack (9), the battery circuit switching three-way valve (12) is switched to the battery expansion tank (11) to be communicated with the internal heat exchanger (13) and disconnected from the main expansion tank (1), the heating circuit switching three-way valve (19) is switched to the water-cooled condenser (32) to be directly communicated with the main expansion tank (1) and disconnected from the refrigerator (15), and the expansion valve (36) is switched to the refrigerant circulation main circuit to be communicated with the water-cooled heat exchanger electronic expansion valve (34), The refrigerant circulation main circuit is disconnected with the heat pump electronic expansion valve (37); at the moment, the main water pump (2), the battery water pump (10), the air-conditioning water pump (17) and the electronic compressor (31) are all started, the refrigerant circularly flows in the refrigerant circulation main line and the first refrigerant circulation branch line, the circulating water in the main line circularly flows, the circulating water independently circularly flows in two independent water circulation loops, and the passenger compartment, the battery pack (9) and the motor (24) are cooled.

21. The operating method according to claim 19 or 20, wherein when the thermal management and air conditioning system is switched to the medium-temperature heating mode, the radiator three-way valve (3) is switched such that the main water pump (2) is in communication with the radiator (4) and disconnected from the bypass line (6), the circuit-switching one-way valve (14) is in communication, the refrigeration circuit-switching three-way valve (18) is switched to the water-cooled heat exchanger (35) to be in communication with the battery pack (9) and disconnected from the internal heat exchanger (13), the battery circuit-switching three-way valve (12) is switched to the battery expansion tank (11) to be in communication with the main expansion tank (1) and disconnected from the internal heat exchanger (13), and the heating circuit-switching three-way valve (19) is switched to the water-cooled condenser (32) to be in direct communication with the main expansion tank (1) and disconnected from the refrigerator (15); at the moment, the main water pump (2) is started, the electronic compressor (31) is not started, and circulating water circularly flows through each branch to cool the battery pack (9) and the motor (24).

22. The operation method according to claim 19, wherein when the thermal management and air conditioning system is switched to the middle-low temperature heating and dehumidifying mode, the radiator three-way valve (3) is switched such that the main water pump (2) is simultaneously communicated with the radiator (4) and the bypass line (6), the circuit switching one-way valve (14) is cut off, the refrigeration circuit switching three-way valve (18) is switched to the internal heat exchanger (13) to be communicated with the water-cooled heat exchanger (35) and to be disconnected from the battery pack (9), the battery circuit switching three-way valve (12) is switched to the battery expansion tank (11) to be communicated with the internal heat exchanger (13) and to be disconnected from the main expansion tank (1), the heating circuit switching three-way valve (19) is switched to the water-cooled condenser (32) to be simultaneously communicated with the main expansion tank (1) and the refrigerator (15), and the expansion valve (36) is switched to the refrigerant circulation main circuit to be communicated with the water-cooled heat exchanger electronic expansion valve (34), The refrigerant circulation main circuit is disconnected with the heat pump electronic expansion valve (37); at the moment, the main water pump (2), the battery water pump (10), the air-conditioning water pump (17) and the electronic compressor (31) are all started, the refrigerant circularly flows in the refrigerant circulation main line and the first refrigerant circulation branch line, the circulating water circularly flows in the main line (7), the circulating water independently circularly flows in the two independent water circulation loops, the passenger compartment is dehumidified and heated, and the battery pack (9) and the motor (24) are cooled.

23. The operating method as claimed in claim 19, wherein when the thermal management and air conditioning system is switched to the low-temperature heating mode, the radiator three-way valve (3) is switched such that the main water pump (2) is communicated with the bypass line (6) and disconnected from the radiator (4), the circuit switching one-way valve (14) is communicated, the refrigeration circuit switching three-way valve (18) is switched to the water-cooled heat exchanger (35) to be communicated with the battery pack (9) and disconnected from the internal heat exchanger (13), the battery circuit switching three-way valve (12) is switched to the battery expansion tank (11) to be communicated with the main expansion tank (1) and disconnected from the internal heat exchanger (13), the heating circuit switching three-way valve (19) is switched to the water-cooled condenser (32) to be communicated with the refrigerator (15) and disconnected from the main expansion tank (1), and the expansion valve (36) is switched to the refrigerant circulation main and water-cooled heat exchanger electronic expansion valve (34), The heat pump electronic expansion valve (37) is communicated; at this time, the main water pump (2) is started, the electronic compressor (31) is started, the refrigerant and the circulating water circulate to heat the passenger compartment, and the battery pack (9) and the motor (24) are cooled.

24. The operating method according to claim 19, wherein when the thermal management and air conditioning system is switched to the pure heat pump heating mode, the radiator three-way valve (3) is switched such that the main water pump (2) is in communication with the radiator (4) and disconnected from the bypass line (6), the circuit switching one-way valve (14) is in communication, the refrigeration circuit switching three-way valve (18) is switched such that the water-cooled heat exchanger (35) is in communication with the battery pack (9) and disconnected from the internal heat exchanger (13), the battery circuit switching three-way valve (12) is switched such that the battery expansion tank (11) is in communication with the main expansion tank (1) and disconnected from the internal heat exchanger (13), the heating circuit switching three-way valve (19) is switched such that the water-cooled condenser (32) is in communication with the refrigerator (15) and disconnected from the main expansion tank (1), and the expansion valve (36) is switched such that the refrigerant circulation main is in communication with the heat pump electronic expansion valve (37), The refrigerant circulation main line is disconnected with an electronic expansion valve (34) of the water-cooling heat exchanger; at this time, the main water pump (2) is started, the electronic compressor (31) is started, the refrigerant circulates in the refrigerant circulation main line and the second refrigerant circulation branch line, the circulating water circulates to heat the passenger compartment, and the battery pack (9) and the motor (24) are cooled.