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CN108783283A - A method of calcium dissolves out in enhancing bighead processing - Google Patents

A method of calcium dissolves out in enhancing bighead processing Download PDF

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CN108783283A
CN108783283A CN201810365549.9A CN201810365549A CN108783283A CN 108783283 A CN108783283 A CN 108783283A CN 201810365549 A CN201810365549 A CN 201810365549A CN 108783283 A CN108783283 A CN 108783283A
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chili
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钟业俊
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Nanchang University
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23LFOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; PREPARATION OR TREATMENT THEREOF
    • A23L17/00Food-from-the-sea products; Fish products; Fish meal; Fish-egg substitutes; Preparation or treatment thereof
    • A23L17/10Fish meal or powder; Granules, agglomerates or flakes
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23LFOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; PREPARATION OR TREATMENT THEREOF
    • A23L5/00Preparation or treatment of foods or foodstuffs, in general; Food or foodstuffs obtained thereby; Materials therefor
    • A23L5/10General methods of cooking foods, e.g. by roasting or frying
    • A23L5/13General methods of cooking foods, e.g. by roasting or frying using water or steam
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23LFOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; PREPARATION OR TREATMENT THEREOF
    • A23L5/00Preparation or treatment of foods or foodstuffs, in general; Food or foodstuffs obtained thereby; Materials therefor
    • A23L5/10General methods of cooking foods, e.g. by roasting or frying
    • A23L5/17General methods of cooking foods, e.g. by roasting or frying in a gaseous atmosphere with forced air or gas circulation, in vacuum or under pressure
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23PSHAPING OR WORKING OF FOODSTUFFS, NOT FULLY COVERED BY A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS
    • A23P30/00Shaping or working of foodstuffs characterised by the process or apparatus
    • A23P30/30Puffing or expanding
    • A23P30/32Puffing or expanding by pressure release, e.g. explosion puffing; by vacuum treatment

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract

一种增强鳙鱼加工中钙溶出的方法,以鱼和植物油为主要原料,经鱼体处理、热压膨化、辣油配制、油鱼调味、产品装罐和杀菌冷却,得到高钙溶出的鳙鱼产品。本发明的独特之处在于,采用热压膨化处理鱼体、鱼体的油炸在杀菌过程中完成,可以减少鱼体中不饱和脂肪酸在油炸过程中的损失、同时增加鱼骨的钙溶出;另外,辣油的配制过程中采用过热蒸汽瞬时膨化技术和高效提取技术,提升了香辛料的利用率、同时功效成分的保留率大大增加。经本发明制得的风味鱼香味浓郁,鱼体不饱和脂肪酸含量高、钙溶出率高,且香辛料提取效率更高、功效成分的保留率也更高。A method for enhancing calcium dissolution in bighead carp processing, using fish and vegetable oil as main raw materials, processing fish body, hot-pressing puffing, preparing spicy oil, oily fish seasoning, product canning, sterilization and cooling, to obtain bighead carp with high calcium dissolution product. The unique feature of the present invention is that the fish body is processed by hot pressing and the frying of the fish body is completed in the sterilization process, which can reduce the loss of unsaturated fatty acids in the fish body during the frying process and increase the calcium dissolution of the fish bone at the same time. In addition, superheated steam instant puffing technology and high-efficiency extraction technology are used in the preparation process of spicy oil, which improves the utilization rate of spices and greatly increases the retention rate of functional ingredients. The flavored fish prepared by the invention has strong fragrance, high content of unsaturated fatty acid in the fish body, high calcium dissolution rate, higher extraction efficiency of spices, and higher retention rate of functional components.

Description

一种增强鳙鱼加工中钙溶出的方法A method for enhancing calcium dissolution in processing of bighead carp

技术领域technical field

本发明涉及一种增强鳙鱼加工中钙溶出的方法,属于农产品加工领域。The invention relates to a method for enhancing calcium dissolution in bighead carp processing, belonging to the field of agricultural product processing.

背景技术Background technique

鱼肉营养丰富,不仅因为蛋白质含量高、容易消化,含有B族维生素和钙、锌、硒、碘等矿物质,更因为富含不饱和脂肪酸,有益于预防心脑血管疾病和促进智力发育。然而,传统鱼罐头经过传统的油炸容易破坏不饱和脂肪酸,且有可能产生苯并芘等有害物质,影响产品的营养价值。Fish meat is rich in nutrition, not only because of its high protein content, easy digestion, B vitamins, calcium, zinc, selenium, iodine and other minerals, but also because it is rich in unsaturated fatty acids, which is beneficial to prevent cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and promote mental development. However, traditional canned fish can easily destroy unsaturated fatty acids through traditional frying, and may produce harmful substances such as benzopyrene, which will affect the nutritional value of the product.

发明内容Contents of the invention

针对现有技术生产的鱼罐头存在不饱和脂肪酸容易被破坏、香辛料功效成分保留率不高的缺陷,现提供一种可提升产品中不饱和脂肪酸保留率、增强钙溶出率,且香辛料提取效率更高、功效成分保留也更好的方法。Aiming at the defects that the unsaturated fatty acids are easily destroyed and the retention rate of the functional components of the spices is not high in the canned fish produced by the prior art, we now provide a product that can improve the retention rate of the unsaturated fatty acids in the product, enhance the calcium dissolution rate, and the extraction efficiency of the spices is higher. A method with high efficiency and better retention of functional ingredients.

一种增强鳙鱼加工中钙溶出的方法,其特征在于包括以下步骤:A method for enhancing calcium dissolution in bighead carp processing, characterized in that it comprises the following steps:

(1)鱼体处理:用流动水将鳙鱼鱼体清洗干净,切块,采用乙醇水溶液浸泡3-4分钟,取出;乙醇水溶液中乙醇和水的质量比为3:2,乙醇水溶液和鱼的质量比为3:2;(1) Fish body treatment: Clean the bighead carp with running water, cut into pieces, soak in ethanol water solution for 3-4 minutes, and take it out; the mass ratio of ethanol and water in the ethanol water solution is 3:2, The mass ratio is 3:2;

(2)热压膨化:采用2.0-2.3MPa、125-130℃的加压过热蒸汽对鳙鱼处理8-9分钟,然后在0.5秒内释放压力至0.1MPa,随后放入38-40℃的低压环境下干燥至含水率为14-16%,其中低压环境的压力为6-7kPa;(2) Hot-pressed puffing: use 2.0-2.3MPa, 125-130°C pressurized superheated steam to treat bighead carp for 8-9 minutes, then release the pressure to 0.1MPa within 0.5 seconds, and then put it in a 38-40°C Dried to a moisture content of 14-16% in a low-pressure environment, where the pressure in the low-pressure environment is 6-7kPa;

(3)辣油配制:采用辣椒、菜籽油和香辛料,配制辣椒油;(3) Preparation of chili oil: adopt capsicum, rapeseed oil and spices to prepare chili oil;

(4)油鱼调味:将热压膨化的鳙鱼与辣椒油混合,拌料均匀,鳙鱼和辣椒油的质量比为3:1;(4) Oily fish seasoning: mix the hot-pressed and expanded bighead carp with chili oil, mix the ingredients evenly, and the mass ratio of bighead carp and chili oil is 3:1;

(5)产品装罐:将调味好的鳙鱼装入马口铁罐中,传送至真空封罐机抽气和密封;(5) Product canning: put the seasoned bighead carp into tinplate cans, and send them to the vacuum seamer for pumping and sealing;

(6)杀菌冷却:密封好的鱼罐头在138-140℃杀菌48-50分钟,冷却至室温,打包入库。(6) Sterilization and cooling: The sealed canned fish is sterilized at 138-140°C for 48-50 minutes, cooled to room temperature, and packed into storage.

2、根据权利要求1所述的生产方法,其特征在于步骤(3)所述辣油的配制方法如下:2. The production method according to claim 1, characterized in that the preparation method of chili oil in step (3) is as follows:

1)、皮籽分离:挑选完好、颜色红亮的干辣椒,洗净晾干,在65-68℃烘7-8分钟,然后将干辣椒切成0.7-0.8cm的辣椒段,使辣椒皮和辣椒籽分开,分别放入75-78℃的炒锅中炒制7-8分钟;1) Separation of skin and seeds: select dry chili peppers that are intact and red and bright, wash and dry, and bake at 65-68°C for 7-8 minutes, then cut the dried chili peppers into 0.7-0.8cm pepper segments to make the pepper skin Separate from the chili seeds, put them into a frying pan at 75-78°C and fry for 7-8 minutes;

2)、椒籽处理:取辣椒籽1千克、芝麻170克、茴香70克和花椒60克,均匀喷洒40度清香型白酒60-62克于香料中,然后采用3.5-3.7MPa、150-152℃加压过热蒸汽处理9-10分钟,然后在0.3秒内释放压力至0.1MPa,接着倒入160-161℃菜籽油5千克,煎炸8-9秒,期间不停翻炒,得到料液A;2) Pepper seed treatment: Take 1 kg of chili seeds, 170 grams of sesame seeds, 70 grams of fennel and 60 grams of Chinese prickly ash, evenly spray 60-62 grams of 40-degree Fen-flavor liquor on the spices, and then use 3.5-3.7MPa, 150-152 ℃ pressurized superheated steam for 9-10 minutes, and then release the pressure to 0.1MPa within 0.3 seconds, then pour 5 kg of rapeseed oil at 160-161 ℃, fry for 8-9 seconds, and stir fry continuously during the period to obtain the material Liquid A;

3)、椒皮处理:取辣椒皮1千克、桂皮80克、八角40克、三奈40克、香叶30克和白芷30克,均匀喷洒无水乙醇75-78克于香料中,放置10-12分钟;采用6.0-6.3MPa、165-168℃加压过热蒸汽处理7-8分钟,处理过程中用高压匀速喷入156-158℃菜籽油5千克,然后在0.3秒内释放压力至0.1MPa,得到料液B;3) Pepper peel treatment: Take 1 kg of pepper peel, 80 grams of cinnamon bark, 40 grams of star anise, 40 grams of three Nye, 30 grams of fragrant leaves and 30 grams of Angelica dahurica, evenly spray 75-78 grams of absolute ethanol in the spices, place 10- 12 minutes; use 6.0-6.3MPa, 165-168 ℃ pressurized superheated steam for 7-8 minutes, spray 5 kg of 156-158 ℃ rapeseed oil with high pressure and uniform speed during the treatment, and then release the pressure to 0.1 within 0.3 seconds MPa, to obtain feed liquid B;

4)、混合过滤:料液A和料液B混合,静置8-9小时,用100目不锈钢筛网过滤,得辣椒油;本发明工艺与现有技术的不同点在于:4), mixed filtration: feed liquid A and feed liquid B mix, leave standstill 8-9 hour, filter with 100 mesh stainless steel screens, get chili oil; The difference between the process of the present invention and prior art is:

1、采用加压过热蒸汽瞬时膨化和变压处理鱼体,且鱼体的油炸在杀菌过程中一次性完成,可以减少鱼体中不饱和脂肪酸在加工过程中的损失、同时鱼骨的钙溶出率大大增加。1. Use pressurized superheated steam to instantly expand and change pressure to treat the fish body, and the frying of the fish body is completed at one time during the sterilization process, which can reduce the loss of unsaturated fatty acids in the fish body during the processing process, and at the same time the calcium content of the fish bone The dissolution rate is greatly increased.

2、辣椒油的配制过程中采用过热蒸汽瞬时膨化技术和高效提取技术,提升了香辛料的利用率、同时功效成分的保留率大大增加。2. Superheated steam instantaneous expansion technology and high-efficiency extraction technology are used in the preparation process of chili oil, which improves the utilization rate of spices and greatly increases the retention rate of functional components.

3、经本发明制得的风味鱼香味浓郁,鱼体不饱和脂肪酸含量高、钙溶出率高,且香辛料提取效率更高、功效成分的保留率也更高。3. The flavored fish prepared by the invention has strong fragrance, high content of unsaturated fatty acid in the fish body, high calcium dissolution rate, higher extraction efficiency of spices, and higher retention rate of functional components.

具体实施方式Detailed ways

下面结合实施例对本发明做进一步说明。The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with embodiment.

实施例1:Example 1:

(1)鱼体处理:用流动水将鳙鱼鱼体清洗干净,切块,采用乙醇水溶液浸泡4分钟,取出;乙醇水溶液中乙醇和水的质量比为3:2,乙醇水溶液和鱼的质量比为3:2;(1) Fish body treatment: clean the body of bighead carp with running water, cut into pieces, soak in ethanol water solution for 4 minutes, and take it out; The ratio is 3:2;

(2)热压膨化:采用2.3MPa、130℃的加压过热蒸汽对鳙鱼处理9分钟,然后在0.5秒内释放压力至0.1MPa,随后放入40℃的低压环境下干燥至含水率为16%,其中低压环境的压力为7kPa;(2) Hot-pressed puffing: Treat bighead carp with pressurized superheated steam at 2.3MPa and 130°C for 9 minutes, then release the pressure to 0.1MPa within 0.5 seconds, and then dry it in a low-pressure environment at 40°C until the water content is 16%, where the pressure of the low-pressure environment is 7kPa;

(3)辣油配制:采用辣椒、菜籽油和香辛料,配制辣椒油,具体为:(3) Preparation of chili oil: adopt capsicum, rapeseed oil and spices to prepare chili oil, specifically:

1)、皮籽分离:挑选完好、颜色红亮的干辣椒,洗净晾干,在68℃烘8分钟,然后将干辣椒切成0.8cm的辣椒段,使辣椒皮和辣椒籽分开,分别放入78℃的炒锅中炒制8分钟;1) Separation of skin and seeds: select dry chili peppers that are intact and red in color, wash and dry them, and bake them at 68°C for 8 minutes, then cut the dried chili peppers into 0.8cm chili sections to separate the chili skin and chili seeds, separate Put it in a frying pan at 78°C and fry for 8 minutes;

2)、椒籽处理:取辣椒籽1千克、芝麻170克、茴香70克和花椒60克,均匀喷洒40度清香型白酒62克于香料中,然后采用3.7MPa、152℃加压过热蒸汽处理10分钟,然后在0.3秒内释放压力至0.1MPa,接着倒入161℃菜籽油5千克,煎炸9秒,期间不停翻炒,得到料液A;2) Pepper seed treatment: Take 1 kg of pepper seeds, 170 grams of sesame seeds, 70 grams of fennel and 60 grams of peppercorns, evenly spray 62 grams of 40-degree Fen-flavor liquor in the spices, and then use 3.7MPa, 152°C pressurized superheated steam to treat 10 minutes, then release the pressure to 0.1MPa within 0.3 seconds, then pour 5 kg of rapeseed oil at 161°C, fry for 9 seconds, and stir fry continuously during this period to obtain material liquid A;

3)、椒皮处理:取辣椒皮1千克、桂皮80克、八角40克、三奈40克、香叶30克和白芷30克,均匀喷洒无水乙醇78克于香料中,放置12分钟;采用6.3MPa、168℃加压过热蒸汽处理8分钟,处理过程中用高压匀速喷入158℃菜籽油5千克,然后在0.3秒内释放压力至0.1MPa,得到料液B;3), pepper skin treatment: take 1 kg of pepper skin, 80 grams of cinnamon bark, 40 grams of star anise, 40 grams of three Nye, 30 grams of fragrant leaves and 30 grams of Angelica dahurica, evenly spray 78 grams of absolute ethanol in the spices, and place it for 12 minutes; 6.3MPa, 168°C pressurized superheated steam treatment for 8 minutes, spray 5 kg of 158°C rapeseed oil with high pressure at a constant speed during the treatment, and then release the pressure to 0.1MPa within 0.3 seconds to obtain material liquid B;

4)、混合过滤:料液A和料液B混合,静置9小时,用100目不锈钢筛网过滤,得辣椒油;4), mixing and filtering: feed liquid A and feed liquid B are mixed, leave standstill for 9 hours, filter with 100 mesh stainless steel sieves, get chili oil;

(4)油鱼调味:将热压膨化的鳙鱼与辣椒油混合,拌料均匀,鳙鱼和辣椒油的质量比为3:1;(4) Oily fish seasoning: mix the hot-pressed and expanded bighead carp with chili oil, mix the ingredients evenly, and the mass ratio of bighead carp and chili oil is 3:1;

(5)产品装罐:将调味好的鳙鱼装入马口铁罐中,传送至真空封罐机抽气和密封;(5) Product canning: put the seasoned bighead carp into tinplate cans, and send them to the vacuum seamer for pumping and sealing;

(6)杀菌冷却:密封好的鱼罐头在140℃杀菌50分钟,冷却至室温,打包入库。(6) Sterilization and cooling: The sealed canned fish is sterilized at 140°C for 50 minutes, cooled to room temperature, and packed into storage.

实施例2:Example 2:

(1)鱼体处理:用流动水将鳙鱼鱼体清洗干净,切块,采用饮用水浸泡4分钟,取出;饮用水和鱼的质量比为3:2;(1) Fish body treatment: clean the bighead carp body with running water, cut into pieces, soak in drinking water for 4 minutes, and take it out; the mass ratio of drinking water to fish is 3:2;

(2)热压膨化:采用2.3MPa、130℃的加压过热蒸汽对鳙鱼处理9分钟,然后在0.5秒内释放压力至0.1MPa,随后放入40℃的低压环境下干燥至含水率为16%,其中低压环境的压力为7kPa;(2) Hot-pressed puffing: Treat bighead carp with pressurized superheated steam at 2.3MPa and 130°C for 9 minutes, then release the pressure to 0.1MPa within 0.5 seconds, and then dry it in a low-pressure environment at 40°C until the water content is 16%, where the pressure of the low-pressure environment is 7kPa;

(3)辣油配制:采用辣椒、菜籽油和香辛料,配制辣椒油,具体为:(3) Preparation of chili oil: adopt capsicum, rapeseed oil and spices to prepare chili oil, specifically:

1)、皮籽分离:挑选完好、颜色红亮的干辣椒,洗净晾干,在68℃烘8分钟,然后将干辣椒切成0.8cm的辣椒段,使辣椒皮和辣椒籽分开,分别放入78℃的炒锅中炒制8分钟;1) Separation of skin and seeds: select dry chili peppers that are intact and red in color, wash and dry them, and bake them at 68°C for 8 minutes, then cut the dried chili peppers into 0.8cm chili sections to separate the chili skin and chili seeds, separate Put it in a frying pan at 78°C and fry for 8 minutes;

2)、椒籽处理:取辣椒籽1千克、芝麻170克、茴香70克和花椒60克,均匀喷洒40度清香型白酒62克于香料中,然后采用3.7MPa、152℃加压过热蒸汽处理10分钟,然后在0.3秒内释放压力至0.1MPa,接着倒入161℃菜籽油5千克,煎炸9秒,期间不停翻炒,得到料液A;2) Pepper seed treatment: Take 1 kg of pepper seeds, 170 grams of sesame seeds, 70 grams of fennel and 60 grams of peppercorns, evenly spray 62 grams of 40-degree Fen-flavor liquor in the spices, and then use 3.7MPa, 152°C pressurized superheated steam to treat 10 minutes, then release the pressure to 0.1MPa within 0.3 seconds, then pour 5 kg of rapeseed oil at 161°C, fry for 9 seconds, and stir fry continuously during this period to obtain material liquid A;

3)、椒皮处理:取辣椒皮1千克、桂皮80克、八角40克、三奈40克、香叶30克和白芷30克,均匀喷洒无水乙醇78克于香料中,放置12分钟;采用6.3MPa、168℃加压过热蒸汽处理8分钟,处理过程中用高压匀速喷入158℃菜籽油5千克,然后在0.3秒内释放压力至0.1MPa,得到料液B;3), pepper skin treatment: take 1 kg of pepper skin, 80 grams of cinnamon bark, 40 grams of star anise, 40 grams of three Nye, 30 grams of fragrant leaves and 30 grams of Angelica dahurica, evenly spray 78 grams of absolute ethanol in the spices, and place it for 12 minutes; 6.3MPa, 168°C pressurized superheated steam treatment for 8 minutes, spray 5 kg of 158°C rapeseed oil with high pressure at a constant speed during the treatment, and then release the pressure to 0.1MPa within 0.3 seconds to obtain material liquid B;

4)、混合过滤:料液A和料液B混合,静置9小时,用100目不锈钢筛网过滤,得辣椒油;4), mixing and filtering: feed liquid A and feed liquid B are mixed, leave standstill for 9 hours, filter with 100 mesh stainless steel sieves, get chili oil;

(4)油鱼调味:将热压膨化的鳙鱼与辣椒油混合,拌料均匀,鳙鱼和辣椒油的质量比为3:1;(4) Oily fish seasoning: mix the hot-pressed and expanded bighead carp with chili oil, mix the ingredients evenly, and the mass ratio of bighead carp and chili oil is 3:1;

(5)产品装罐:将调味好的鳙鱼装入马口铁罐中,传送至真空封罐机抽气和密封;(5) Product canning: put the seasoned bighead carp into tinplate cans, and send them to the vacuum seamer for pumping and sealing;

(6)杀菌冷却:密封好的鱼罐头在140℃杀菌50分钟,冷却至室温,打包入库。(6) Sterilization and cooling: The sealed canned fish is sterilized at 140°C for 50 minutes, cooled to room temperature, and packed into storage.

实施例3:Example 3:

(1)鱼体处理:用流动水将鳙鱼鱼体清洗干净,切块,采用饮用水浸泡4分钟,取出;饮用水和鱼的质量比为3:2;(1) Fish body treatment: clean the bighead carp body with running water, cut into pieces, soak in drinking water for 4 minutes, and take it out; the mass ratio of drinking water to fish is 3:2;

(2)热压膨化:采用2.3MPa、130℃的加压过热蒸汽对鳙鱼处理9分钟,然后在0.5秒内释放压力至0.1MPa,随后放入40℃环境下干燥至含水率为16%;(2) Hot-pressed puffing: Treat bighead carp with pressurized superheated steam at 2.3MPa and 130°C for 9 minutes, then release the pressure to 0.1MPa within 0.5 seconds, and then dry it at 40°C until the moisture content is 16% ;

(3)辣油配制:采用辣椒、菜籽油和香辛料,配制辣椒油,具体为:(3) Preparation of chili oil: adopt capsicum, rapeseed oil and spices to prepare chili oil, specifically:

1)、皮籽分离:挑选完好、颜色红亮的干辣椒,洗净晾干,在68℃烘8分钟,然后将干辣椒切成0.8cm的辣椒段,使辣椒皮和辣椒籽分开,分别放入78℃的炒锅中炒制8分钟;1) Separation of skin and seeds: select dry chili peppers that are intact and red in color, wash and dry them, and bake them at 68°C for 8 minutes, then cut the dried chili peppers into 0.8cm chili sections to separate the chili skin and chili seeds, separate Put it in a frying pan at 78°C and fry for 8 minutes;

2)、椒籽处理:取辣椒籽1千克、芝麻170克、茴香70克和花椒60克,均匀喷洒40度清香型白酒62克于香料中,然后采用3.7MPa、152℃加压过热蒸汽处理10分钟,然后在0.3秒内释放压力至0.1MPa,接着倒入161℃菜籽油5千克,煎炸9秒,期间不停翻炒,得到料液A;2) Pepper seed treatment: Take 1 kg of pepper seeds, 170 grams of sesame seeds, 70 grams of fennel and 60 grams of peppercorns, evenly spray 62 grams of 40-degree Fen-flavor liquor in the spices, and then use 3.7MPa, 152°C pressurized superheated steam to treat 10 minutes, then release the pressure to 0.1MPa within 0.3 seconds, then pour 5 kg of rapeseed oil at 161°C, fry for 9 seconds, and stir fry continuously during this period to obtain material liquid A;

3)、椒皮处理:取辣椒皮1千克、桂皮80克、八角40克、三奈40克、香叶30克和白芷30克,均匀喷洒无水乙醇78克于香料中,放置12分钟;采用6.3MPa、168℃加压过热蒸汽处理8分钟,处理过程中用高压匀速喷入158℃菜籽油5千克,然后在0.3秒内释放压力至0.1MPa,得到料液B;3), pepper skin treatment: take 1 kg of pepper skin, 80 grams of cinnamon bark, 40 grams of star anise, 40 grams of three Nye, 30 grams of fragrant leaves and 30 grams of Angelica dahurica, evenly spray 78 grams of absolute ethanol in the spices, and place it for 12 minutes; 6.3MPa, 168°C pressurized superheated steam treatment for 8 minutes, spray 5 kg of 158°C rapeseed oil with high pressure at a constant speed during the treatment, and then release the pressure to 0.1MPa within 0.3 seconds to obtain material liquid B;

4)、混合过滤:料液A和料液B混合,静置9小时,用100目不锈钢筛网过滤,得辣椒油;4), mixing and filtering: feed liquid A and feed liquid B are mixed, leave standstill for 9 hours, filter with 100 mesh stainless steel sieves, get chili oil;

(4)油鱼调味:将热压膨化的鳙鱼与辣椒油混合,拌料均匀,鳙鱼和辣椒油的质量比为3:1;(4) Oily fish seasoning: mix the hot-pressed and expanded bighead carp with chili oil, mix the ingredients evenly, and the mass ratio of bighead carp and chili oil is 3:1;

(5)产品装罐:将调味好的鳙鱼装入马口铁罐中,传送至真空封罐机抽气和密封;(5) Product canning: put the seasoned bighead carp into tinplate cans, and send them to the vacuum seamer for pumping and sealing;

(6)杀菌冷却:密封好的鱼罐头在140℃杀菌50分钟,冷却至室温,打包入库。(6) Sterilization and cooling: The sealed canned fish is sterilized at 140°C for 50 minutes, cooled to room temperature, and packed into storage.

实施例4:Example 4:

(1)鱼体处理:用流动水将鳙鱼鱼体清洗干净,切块,采用饮用水浸泡4分钟,取出;饮用水和鱼的质量比为3:2;(1) Fish body treatment: clean the bighead carp body with running water, cut into pieces, soak in drinking water for 4 minutes, and take it out; the mass ratio of drinking water to fish is 3:2;

(2)热压膨化:采用饱和蒸汽对鳙鱼处理9分钟,随后放入40℃环境下干燥至含水率为16%;(2) Hot-pressed puffing: the bighead carp was treated with saturated steam for 9 minutes, and then dried at 40°C until the water content was 16%;

(3)辣油配制:采用辣椒、菜籽油和香辛料,配制辣椒油,具体为:(3) Preparation of chili oil: adopt capsicum, rapeseed oil and spices to prepare chili oil, specifically:

1)、皮籽分离:挑选完好、颜色红亮的干辣椒,洗净晾干,在68℃烘8分钟,然后将干辣椒切成0.8cm的辣椒段,使辣椒皮和辣椒籽分开,分别放入78℃的炒锅中炒制8分钟;1) Separation of skin and seeds: select dry chili peppers that are intact and red in color, wash and dry them, and bake them at 68°C for 8 minutes, then cut the dried chili peppers into 0.8cm chili sections to separate the chili skin and chili seeds, separate Put it in a frying pan at 78°C and fry for 8 minutes;

2)、椒籽处理:取辣椒籽1千克、芝麻170克、茴香70克和花椒60克,均匀喷洒40度清香型白酒62克于香料中,然后采用3.7MPa、152℃加压过热蒸汽处理10分钟,然后在0.3秒内释放压力至0.1MPa,接着倒入161℃菜籽油5千克,煎炸9秒,期间不停翻炒,得到料液A;2) Pepper seed treatment: Take 1 kg of pepper seeds, 170 grams of sesame seeds, 70 grams of fennel and 60 grams of peppercorns, evenly spray 62 grams of 40-degree Fen-flavor liquor in the spices, and then use 3.7MPa, 152°C pressurized superheated steam to treat 10 minutes, then release the pressure to 0.1MPa within 0.3 seconds, then pour 5 kg of rapeseed oil at 161°C, fry for 9 seconds, and stir fry continuously during this period to obtain material liquid A;

3)、椒皮处理:取辣椒皮1千克、桂皮80克、八角40克、三奈40克、香叶30克和白芷30克,均匀喷洒无水乙醇78克于香料中,放置12分钟;采用6.3MPa、168℃加压过热蒸汽处理8分钟,处理过程中用高压匀速喷入158℃菜籽油5千克,然后在0.3秒内释放压力至0.1MPa,得到料液B;3), pepper skin treatment: take 1 kg of pepper skin, 80 grams of cinnamon bark, 40 grams of star anise, 40 grams of three Nye, 30 grams of fragrant leaves and 30 grams of Angelica dahurica, evenly spray 78 grams of absolute ethanol in the spices, and place it for 12 minutes; 6.3MPa, 168°C pressurized superheated steam treatment for 8 minutes, spray 5 kg of 158°C rapeseed oil with high pressure at a constant speed during the treatment, and then release the pressure to 0.1MPa within 0.3 seconds to obtain material liquid B;

4)、混合过滤:料液A和料液B混合,静置9小时,用100目不锈钢筛网过滤,得辣椒油;4), mixing and filtering: feed liquid A and feed liquid B are mixed, leave standstill for 9 hours, filter with 100 mesh stainless steel sieves, get chili oil;

(4)油鱼调味:将热压膨化的鳙鱼与辣椒油混合,拌料均匀,鳙鱼和辣椒油的质量比为3:1;(4) Oily fish seasoning: mix the hot-pressed and expanded bighead carp with chili oil, mix the ingredients evenly, and the mass ratio of bighead carp and chili oil is 3:1;

(5)产品装罐:将调味好的鳙鱼装入马口铁罐中,传送至真空封罐机抽气和密封;(5) Product canning: put the seasoned bighead carp into tinplate cans, and send them to the vacuum seamer for pumping and sealing;

(6)杀菌冷却:密封好的鱼罐头在140℃杀菌50分钟,冷却至室温,打包入库。(6) Sterilization and cooling: The sealed canned fish is sterilized at 140°C for 50 minutes, cooled to room temperature, and packed into storage.

实施例5:Example 5:

(1)鱼体处理:用流动水将鳙鱼鱼体清洗干净,切块,采用乙醇水溶液浸泡4分钟,取出;乙醇水溶液中乙醇和水的质量比为3:2,乙醇水溶液和鱼的质量比为3:2;(1) Fish body treatment: clean the body of bighead carp with running water, cut into pieces, soak in ethanol water solution for 4 minutes, and take it out; The ratio is 3:2;

(2)热压膨化:采用2.3MPa、130℃的加压过热蒸汽对鳙鱼处理9分钟,然后在0.5秒内释放压力至0.1MPa,随后放入40℃的低压环境下干燥至含水率为16%,其中低压环境的压力为7kPa;(2) Hot-pressed puffing: Treat bighead carp with pressurized superheated steam at 2.3MPa and 130°C for 9 minutes, then release the pressure to 0.1MPa within 0.5 seconds, and then dry it in a low-pressure environment at 40°C until the water content is 16%, where the pressure of the low-pressure environment is 7kPa;

(3)辣油配制:采用辣椒、菜籽油和香辛料,配制辣椒油,具体为:(3) Preparation of chili oil: adopt capsicum, rapeseed oil and spices to prepare chili oil, specifically:

1)、皮籽分离:挑选完好、颜色红亮的干辣椒,洗净晾干,在68℃烘8分钟,然后将干辣椒切成0.8cm的辣椒段,使辣椒皮和辣椒籽分开,分别放入78℃的炒锅中炒制8分钟;1) Separation of skin and seeds: select dry chili peppers that are intact and red in color, wash and dry them, and bake them at 68°C for 8 minutes, then cut the dried chili peppers into 0.8cm chili sections to separate the chili skin and chili seeds, separate Put it in a frying pan at 78°C and fry for 8 minutes;

2)、椒籽处理:取辣椒籽1千克、芝麻170克、茴香70克和花椒60克,均匀喷洒40度清香型白酒62克于香料中,然后采用3.7MPa、152℃加压过热蒸汽处理10分钟,然后在0.3秒内释放压力至0.1MPa,接着倒入161℃菜籽油5千克,煎炸9秒,期间不停翻炒,得到料液A;2) Pepper seed treatment: Take 1 kg of pepper seeds, 170 grams of sesame seeds, 70 grams of fennel and 60 grams of peppercorns, evenly spray 62 grams of 40-degree Fen-flavor liquor in the spices, and then use 3.7MPa, 152°C pressurized superheated steam to treat 10 minutes, then release the pressure to 0.1MPa within 0.3 seconds, then pour 5 kg of rapeseed oil at 161°C, fry for 9 seconds, and stir fry continuously during this period to obtain material liquid A;

3)、椒皮处理:取辣椒皮1千克、桂皮80克、八角40克、三奈40克、香叶30克和白芷30克,均匀喷洒饮用水78克于香料中,放置12分钟;采用6.3MPa、168℃加压过热蒸汽处理8分钟,处理过程中用高压匀速喷入158℃菜籽油5千克,然后在0.3秒内释放压力至0.1MPa,得到料液B;3) Pepper skin treatment: Take 1 kg of pepper skin, 80 grams of cinnamon bark, 40 grams of star anise, 40 grams of three Nye, 30 grams of fragrant leaves and 30 grams of Angelica dahurica, evenly spray 78 grams of drinking water in the spices, and place it for 12 minutes; use 6.3 MPa, pressurized superheated steam at 168°C for 8 minutes, during the process, spray 5 kg of rapeseed oil at 158°C at a constant speed with high pressure, and then release the pressure to 0.1MPa within 0.3 seconds to obtain material liquid B;

4)、混合过滤:料液A和料液B混合,静置9小时,用100目不锈钢筛网过滤,得辣椒油;4), mixing and filtering: feed liquid A and feed liquid B are mixed, leave standstill for 9 hours, filter with 100 mesh stainless steel sieves, get chili oil;

(4)油鱼调味:将热压膨化的鳙鱼与辣椒油混合,拌料均匀,鳙鱼和辣椒油的质量比为3:1;(4) Oily fish seasoning: mix the hot-pressed and expanded bighead carp with chili oil, mix the ingredients evenly, and the mass ratio of bighead carp and chili oil is 3:1;

(5)产品装罐:将调味好的鳙鱼装入马口铁罐中,传送至真空封罐机抽气和密封;(5) Product canning: put the seasoned bighead carp into tinplate cans, and send them to the vacuum seamer for pumping and sealing;

(6)杀菌冷却:密封好的鱼罐头在140℃杀菌50分钟,冷却至室温,打包入库。(6) Sterilization and cooling: The sealed canned fish is sterilized at 140°C for 50 minutes, cooled to room temperature, and packed into storage.

实施例6:Embodiment 6:

(1)鱼体处理:用流动水将鳙鱼鱼体清洗干净,切块,采用乙醇水溶液浸泡4分钟,取出;乙醇水溶液中乙醇和水的质量比为3:2,乙醇水溶液和鱼的质量比为3:2;(1) Fish body treatment: clean the body of bighead carp with running water, cut into pieces, soak in ethanol water solution for 4 minutes, and take it out; The ratio is 3:2;

(2)热压膨化:采用2.3MPa、130℃的加压过热蒸汽对鳙鱼处理9分钟,然后在0.5秒内释放压力至0.1MPa,随后放入40℃的低压环境下干燥至含水率为16%,其中低压环境的压力为7kPa;(2) Hot-pressed puffing: Treat bighead carp with pressurized superheated steam at 2.3MPa and 130°C for 9 minutes, then release the pressure to 0.1MPa within 0.5 seconds, and then dry it in a low-pressure environment at 40°C until the water content is 16%, where the pressure of the low-pressure environment is 7kPa;

(3)辣油配制:采用辣椒、菜籽油和香辛料,配制辣椒油,具体为:(3) Preparation of chili oil: adopt capsicum, rapeseed oil and spices to prepare chili oil, specifically:

1)、皮籽分离:挑选完好、颜色红亮的干辣椒,洗净晾干,在68℃烘8分钟,然后将干辣椒切成0.8cm的辣椒段,使辣椒皮和辣椒籽分开,分别放入78℃的炒锅中炒制8分钟;1) Separation of skin and seeds: select dry chili peppers that are intact and red in color, wash and dry them, and bake them at 68°C for 8 minutes, then cut the dried chili peppers into 0.8cm chili sections to separate the chili skin and chili seeds, separate Put it in a frying pan at 78°C and fry for 8 minutes;

2)、椒籽处理:取辣椒籽1千克、芝麻170克、茴香70克和花椒60克,均匀喷洒40度清香型白酒62克于香料中,然后采用3.7MPa、152℃加压过热蒸汽处理10分钟,然后在0.3秒内释放压力至0.1MPa,接着倒入161℃菜籽油5千克,煎炸9秒,期间不停翻炒,得到料液A;2) Pepper seed treatment: Take 1 kg of pepper seeds, 170 grams of sesame seeds, 70 grams of fennel and 60 grams of peppercorns, evenly spray 62 grams of 40-degree Fen-flavor liquor in the spices, and then use 3.7MPa, 152°C pressurized superheated steam to treat 10 minutes, then release the pressure to 0.1MPa within 0.3 seconds, then pour 5 kg of rapeseed oil at 161°C, fry for 9 seconds, and stir fry continuously during this period to obtain material liquid A;

3)、椒皮处理:取辣椒皮1千克、桂皮80克、八角40克、三奈40克、香叶30克和白芷30克,均匀喷洒饮用水78克于香料中,放置12分钟;采用6.3MPa、168℃加压过热蒸汽处理8分钟,在0.3秒内释放压力至0.1MPa,然后加入158℃菜籽油5千克,搅拌均匀,得到料液B;3) Pepper skin treatment: Take 1 kg of pepper skin, 80 grams of cinnamon bark, 40 grams of star anise, 40 grams of three Nye, 30 grams of fragrant leaves and 30 grams of Angelica dahurica, evenly spray 78 grams of drinking water in the spices, and place it for 12 minutes; use 6.3 MPa, pressurized superheated steam at 168°C for 8 minutes, release the pressure to 0.1MPa within 0.3 seconds, then add 5 kg of rapeseed oil at 158°C, stir evenly, and obtain material liquid B;

4)、混合过滤:料液A和料液B混合,静置9小时,用100目不锈钢筛网过滤,得辣椒油;4), mixing and filtering: feed liquid A and feed liquid B are mixed, leave standstill for 9 hours, filter with 100 mesh stainless steel sieves, get chili oil;

(4)油鱼调味:将热压膨化的鳙鱼与辣椒油混合,拌料均匀,鳙鱼和辣椒油的质量比为3:1;(4) Oily fish seasoning: mix the hot-pressed and expanded bighead carp with chili oil, mix the ingredients evenly, and the mass ratio of bighead carp and chili oil is 3:1;

(5)产品装罐:将调味好的鳙鱼装入马口铁罐中,传送至真空封罐机抽气和密封;(5) Product canning: put the seasoned bighead carp into tinplate cans, and send them to the vacuum seamer for pumping and sealing;

(6)杀菌冷却:密封好的鱼罐头在140℃杀菌50分钟,冷却至室温,打包入库。(6) Sterilization and cooling: The sealed canned fish is sterilized at 140°C for 50 minutes, cooled to room temperature, and packed into storage.

实施例7:Embodiment 7:

(1)鱼体处理:用流动水将鳙鱼鱼体清洗干净,切块,采用乙醇水溶液浸泡4分钟,取出;乙醇水溶液中乙醇和水的质量比为3:2,乙醇水溶液和鱼的质量比为3:2;(1) Fish body treatment: clean the body of bighead carp with running water, cut into pieces, soak in ethanol water solution for 4 minutes, and take it out; The ratio is 3:2;

(2)热压膨化:采用2.3MPa、130℃的加压过热蒸汽对鳙鱼处理9分钟,然后在0.5秒内释放压力至0.1MPa,随后放入40℃的低压环境下干燥至含水率为16%,其中低压环境的压力为7kPa;(2) Hot-pressed puffing: Treat bighead carp with pressurized superheated steam at 2.3MPa and 130°C for 9 minutes, then release the pressure to 0.1MPa within 0.5 seconds, and then dry it in a low-pressure environment at 40°C until the water content is 16%, where the pressure of the low-pressure environment is 7kPa;

(3)辣油配制:采用辣椒、菜籽油和香辛料,配制辣椒油,具体为:(3) Preparation of chili oil: adopt capsicum, rapeseed oil and spices to prepare chili oil, specifically:

1)、皮籽分离:挑选完好、颜色红亮的干辣椒,洗净晾干,在68℃烘8分钟,然后将干辣椒切成0.8cm的辣椒段,使辣椒皮和辣椒籽分开,分别放入78℃的炒锅中炒制8分钟;1) Separation of skin and seeds: select dry chili peppers that are intact and red in color, wash and dry them, and bake them at 68°C for 8 minutes, then cut the dried chili peppers into 0.8cm chili sections to separate the chili skin and chili seeds, separate Put it in a frying pan at 78°C and fry for 8 minutes;

2)、椒籽处理:取辣椒籽1千克、芝麻170克、茴香70克和花椒60克,均匀喷洒40度清香型白酒62克于香料中,然后采用3.7MPa、152℃加压过热蒸汽处理10分钟,然后在0.3秒内释放压力至0.1MPa,接着倒入161℃菜籽油5千克,煎炸9秒,期间不停翻炒,得到料液A;2) Pepper seed treatment: Take 1 kg of pepper seeds, 170 grams of sesame seeds, 70 grams of fennel and 60 grams of peppercorns, evenly spray 62 grams of 40-degree Fen-flavor liquor in the spices, and then use 3.7MPa, 152°C pressurized superheated steam to treat 10 minutes, then release the pressure to 0.1MPa within 0.3 seconds, then pour 5 kg of rapeseed oil at 161°C, fry for 9 seconds, and stir fry continuously during this period to obtain material liquid A;

3)、椒皮处理:取辣椒皮1千克、桂皮80克、八角40克、三奈40克、香叶30克和白芷30克,均匀喷洒饮用水78克于香料中,放置12分钟;采用饱和蒸汽处理8分钟,然后加入158℃菜籽油5千克,搅拌均匀,得到料液B;3) Pepper skin treatment: Take 1 kg of pepper skin, 80 grams of cinnamon bark, 40 grams of star anise, 40 grams of three Nye, 30 grams of fragrant leaves and 30 grams of Angelica dahurica, evenly spray 78 grams of drinking water on the spices, and let it stand for 12 minutes; Steam treatment for 8 minutes, then add 5 kg of rapeseed oil at 158°C, stir evenly, and obtain material liquid B;

4)、混合过滤:料液A和料液B混合,静置9小时,用100目不锈钢筛网过滤,得辣椒油;4), mixing and filtering: feed liquid A and feed liquid B are mixed, leave standstill for 9 hours, filter with 100 mesh stainless steel sieves, get chili oil;

(4)油鱼调味:将热压膨化的鳙鱼与辣椒油混合,拌料均匀,鳙鱼和辣椒油的质量比为3:1;(4) Oily fish seasoning: mix the hot-pressed and expanded bighead carp with chili oil, mix the ingredients evenly, and the mass ratio of bighead carp and chili oil is 3:1;

(5)产品装罐:将调味好的鳙鱼装入马口铁罐中,传送至真空封罐机抽气和密封;(5) Product canning: put the seasoned bighead carp into tinplate cans, and send them to the vacuum seamer for pumping and sealing;

(6)杀菌冷却:密封好的鱼罐头在140℃杀菌50分钟,冷却至室温,打包入库。(6) Sterilization and cooling: The sealed canned fish is sterilized at 140°C for 50 minutes, cooled to room temperature, and packed into storage.

实施例效果分析:Embodiment effect analysis:

产品理化指标Product physical and chemical indicators

将实施例1和实施例2~4进行对比,可以表明,经过乙醇水溶液浸泡的鱼体,进行加压过热蒸汽处理、瞬时膨化和低压干燥联合处理,可以减少鱼体中不饱和脂肪酸在加工过程中的损失、同时增加钙的溶出率,且鱼体的油炸可以在杀菌过程中完成。Comparing Example 1 with Examples 2 to 4, it can be shown that the combination of pressurized superheated steam treatment, instant puffing and low-pressure drying can reduce the unsaturated fatty acids in the fish body during processing. Loss in the medium, increase the dissolution rate of calcium at the same time, and the frying of the fish body can be completed in the sterilization process.

将实施例1和实施例5~7对比分析表明,采用乙醇均匀喷洒于香辛料,联合加压过热蒸汽处理、高压喷入植物油处理和瞬时膨化处理,可以增加辣椒素提取率,提升产品的感官评分和保质期。The comparative analysis of Example 1 and Examples 5-7 shows that the use of ethanol to evenly spray spices, combined with pressurized superheated steam treatment, high-pressure injection of vegetable oil treatment and instantaneous puffing treatment can increase the extraction rate of capsaicin and improve the sensory score of the product and shelf life.

Claims (2)

1. a kind of method that calcium dissolves out in enhancing bighead processing, it is characterised in that include the following steps:
(1)Fish body processing:Bighead fish body is cleaned up with circulating water, stripping and slicing, is impregnated 3-4 minutes, taken using ethanol water Go out;The mass ratio of second alcohol and water is 3 in ethanol water:2, the mass ratio of ethanol water and fish is 3:2;
(2)Hot pressing is puffing:Using 2.0-2.3 MPa, 125-130 °C of pressurized superheated steam to bighead processing 8-9 minutes, so It is 14-16% to be released stress in 0.5 second afterwards and be subsequently placed into drying to moisture content under 38-40 °C of environment under low pressure to 0.1 MPa, Wherein the pressure of environment under low pressure is 6-7 kPa;
(3)Chili oil is prepared:Using capsicum, rapeseed oil and spice, chilli oil is prepared;
(4)Oily fish seasoning:The puffing bighead of hot pressing is mixed with chilli oil, spice is uniform, and the mass ratio of bighead and chilli oil is 3:1;
(5)Product tinning:The bighead seasoned is fitted into can, vacuum seamer pumping and sealing are sent to;
(6)Sterilization cooling:The canned fish being sealed is sterilized 48-50 minutes at 138-140 DEG C, is cooled to room temperature, packaging and warehousing.
2. production method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that step(3)The preparation method of the chili oil is as follows:
1), skin seed separation:The chilli of intact color glow is selected, cleans and dries, dries at 65-68 °C 7-8 minutes, then will Chilli is cut into the capsicum section of 0.7-0.8 cm, so that capsicum skin and chilli seed is separated, is respectively put into frying in 75-78 DEG C of frying pan 7-8 minutes;
2), green pepper seed processing:60 grams of 1 kilogram of chilli seed, 170 grams of sesame, 70 grams of fennel and Chinese prickly ash are taken, 40 degree of delicate fragrance types are uniformly sprayed Then 60-62 grams of white wine uses 3.5-3.7 MPa, 150-152 °C of pressurized superheated steam to handle 9-10 minutes, so in fragrance It is released stress in 0.3 second afterwards to 0.1 MPa, then pours into 160-161 DEG C of 5 kilograms of rapeseed oil, fried 8-9 seconds, during which do not stop Stir-frying, obtains feed liquid A;
3), green pepper skin processing:30 grams of 1 kilogram of capsicum skin, 80 grams of cassia bark, 40 grams octagonal, 40 grams of zingiber kawagoii, 30 grams of spiceleaf and the root of Dahurain angelica are taken, Uniformly 75-78 grams of absolute ethyl alcohol of sprinkling is placed 10-12 minutes in fragrance;It was pressurizeed using 6.0-6.3 MPa, 165-168 °C Hot steam is handled 7-8 minutes, 156-158 °C of 5 kilograms of rapeseed oil is at the uniform velocity sprayed into processing procedure with high pressure, then in 0.3 second It releases stress to 0.1 MPa, obtains feed liquid B;
4), hybrid filtering:Feed liquid A and feed liquid B mixing, stand 8-9 hours, are filtered with 100 mesh stainless steel mesh, obtain chilli oil.
CN201810365549.9A 2018-04-23 2018-04-23 A method of calcium dissolves out in enhancing bighead processing Withdrawn CN108783283A (en)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN110269176A (en) * 2019-07-17 2019-09-24 重庆两江生态渔业发展有限公司 Enhance the method for calcium dissolution in bighead processing

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN110269176A (en) * 2019-07-17 2019-09-24 重庆两江生态渔业发展有限公司 Enhance the method for calcium dissolution in bighead processing

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