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CN108782968B - Large yellow croaker feed and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Large yellow croaker feed and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN108782968B
CN108782968B CN201810848702.3A CN201810848702A CN108782968B CN 108782968 B CN108782968 B CN 108782968B CN 201810848702 A CN201810848702 A CN 201810848702A CN 108782968 B CN108782968 B CN 108782968B
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parts
feed
yellow croaker
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powder
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CN108782968A (en
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张作体
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Xiamen Tongxinrong Feed Technology Co ltd
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Xiamen Tongxinrong Feed Technology Co ltd
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
    • A23K10/16—Addition of microorganisms or extracts thereof, e.g. single-cell proteins, to feeding-stuff compositions
    • A23K10/18—Addition of microorganisms or extracts thereof, e.g. single-cell proteins, to feeding-stuff compositions of live microorganisms
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
    • A23K10/22—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin from fish
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
    • A23K10/26—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin from waste material, e.g. feathers, bones or skin
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
    • A23K10/37—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/10—Organic substances
    • A23K20/142—Amino acids; Derivatives thereof
    • A23K20/147—Polymeric derivatives, e.g. peptides or proteins
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
    • A23K20/26—Compounds containing phosphorus
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K40/00—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K40/30—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs by encapsulating; by coating
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
    • A23K50/80—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for aquatic animals, e.g. fish, crustaceans or molluscs
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
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    • Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
    • Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
    • Y02A40/818—Alternative feeds for fish, e.g. in aquacultures
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
    • Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
    • Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production

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Abstract

本发明涉及新型饲料制造，特别涉及一种大黄鱼饲料及其制备方法，解决了随着膨化料表面的油脂逐渐被水体冲走，膨化料会慢慢吸水化开，造成饲料浪费的问题，其技术方案要点是一种大黄鱼饲料，包括有膨化体以及包覆在膨化体外周的疏水包衣，膨化体由以下质量份数计的原料组成，高筋面粉20~24份；鱼粉48~52份；玉米蛋白粉8‑10份；豆粕13‑15份；磷酸二氢钙2‑3份；鱼油2‑3份；复合维生素0.05‑0.15份；复合矿物质0.25‑0.35份；氨基酸原粉0.25‑0.35份；抗氧化剂0.01‑0.03份；防腐剂0.04‑0.06份；益生菌0.05‑0.15份，达到了延缓饲料的吸水速度，降低了饲料的浪费量的目的，可增强大黄鱼体质，使大黄鱼具有抗病力强，成活率高，生长速度快的特点，使大黄鱼的条形和颜色能够接近野生大黄鱼。The invention relates to the manufacture of novel feed, in particular to a large yellow croaker feed and a preparation method thereof, which solves the problem that as the oil on the surface of the extruded material is gradually washed away by the water body, the extruded material will slowly absorb water and dissolve, resulting in waste of feed. The main point of the technical solution is a large yellow croaker feed, including an extruded body and a hydrophobic coating covering the periphery of the extruded body. The extruded body is composed of the following raw materials in parts by mass, 20-24 parts of high-gluten flour; 8-10 servings of corn gluten meal; 13-15 servings of soybean meal; 2-3 servings of calcium dihydrogen phosphate; 2-3 servings of fish oil; 0.05-0.15 servings of multivitamins; 0.25-0.35 servings of complex minerals; ‑0.35 parts; antioxidants 0.01-0.03 parts; preservatives 0.04-0.06 parts; probiotics 0.05-0.15 parts, which can delay the water absorption rate of the feed and reduce the wastage of the feed. Yellow croaker has the characteristics of strong disease resistance, high survival rate and fast growth rate, so that the shape and color of large yellow croaker can be close to that of wild large yellow croaker.

Description

Large yellow croaker feed and preparation method thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to novel feed manufacturing, in particular to large yellow croaker feed and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Large yellow croaker (larimishthys crocea), teleostomia, Perciformes (Perciformes), Sciedae (Sciaeni-dae), genus Sciavinus, also known as yellow croaker, king fish, Daxian, big yellow croaker, red melon, golden dragon, sweet osmanthus yellow croaker, Dazhong, hongkou, chuhai fish, stone fish and cucumber fish, are one of the traditional four-large marine products (large yellow croaker, small yellow croaker, hairtail and cuttlefish), and are main economic fishes in offshore China.
The large yellow croaker is the marine culture fish with the largest net cage culture yield in China, and the total yield in 2016 years in China reaches 16.55 million tons. At present, the breeding and feeding of large yellow croakers still mainly comprises the feeding of iced fresh fish, but the iced fresh fish has unstable source, large price fluctuation and inconvenient use; and the iced fresh fish is easy to decay and breed germs, which can cause waste of resources and damage to the environment.
With the development of compound feed, the demand of farmers for compound feed is gradually increased. Especially, the nutrition research of the large yellow croaker is systematically advanced in recent years, the special compound feed for the large yellow croaker is successfully developed and is seen in various markets, and the use of the compound feed is more and more accepted by the markets. Because the large yellow croaker is a fish with a shallow water layer, most of the conventional large yellow croaker feed is a puffed material which can float on the water surface, so that the large yellow croaker can conveniently eat the feed, but the puffed material can slowly absorb water and dissolve away along with the oil on the surface of the puffed material washed away by the water body, so that the feed is wasted.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a large yellow croaker feed, which can delay the water absorption speed of the feed and reduce the waste amount of the feed.
The technical purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a feed for large yellow croaker comprises a puffed body and a hydrophobic coating coated on the periphery of the puffed body.
By adopting the technical scheme, the large yellow croaker is a fish with a shallow water layer, and the feed is prepared into the puffed body, so that the feed can float on the water surface, the large yellow croaker can conveniently take the feed, and the feed waste caused by incapability of eating the large yellow croaker due to the fact that the feed sinks to the bottom is avoided; the design of the hydrophobic coating can protect the feed and delay the water absorption speed of the puffed body, thereby not only reducing the loss of nutrient components caused by the puffed body when meeting water, but also prolonging the feed sinking caused by the reasons of the weight increase of the puffed body when meeting water, the flushing of grease and the like, leading the feed to be suspended on the water surface for the large yellow croaker to eat for a long time, and further reducing the nutrient loss and waste of the feed.
Preferably, the puffed body consists of the following raw materials in parts by mass,
Figure GDA0003274169590000011
Figure GDA0003274169590000021
by adopting the technical scheme, the strong flour, the fish meal, the corn protein powder, the soybean meal, the fish oil and the like can provide a nitrogen source and a carbon source which are necessary for the growth of the large yellow croaker, and simultaneously provide enough amino acid, small peptide and protein to meet the growth of the large yellow croaker; meanwhile, the compound vitamins, compound minerals and amino acid raw powder can meet the requirements of substances such as trace elements, essential amino acids and the like which are lacked in the growth process of the large yellow croaker; the feed prepared by the method is healthy and sanitary; after being eaten, the large yellow croaker has excellent digestion and absorption on feed, strong disease resistance, high survival rate, high growth speed and beautiful strip shape and color, so that the appearance of the cultured large yellow croaker is close to that of the wild large yellow croaker, and the frozen fresh fish feed can be replaced in the whole process, thereby preventing the frozen fresh fish feed from polluting water sources and meeting the requirement of environmental protection.
Preferably, the antioxidant is prepared by mixing ethoxyquinoline, tert-butyl hydroxyanisole, tea polyphenol and lecithin according to the mass ratio of 5:1:1: 2.
By adopting the technical scheme, after the antioxidants are compounded, the antioxidant has a good antioxidant effect, and can delay the failure of beneficial components caused by the deterioration of the beneficial components such as protein, amino acid and the like in the fish feed in storage, so that the loss of the beneficial components is small when the fish feed is put into water, and the deterioration time of the fish feed is delayed.
Preferably, the preservative comprises chinaberry leaves, seaweed meal, calcium iodate and calcium propionate which are mixed according to the mass ratio of 20:75:3: 2.
By adopting the technical scheme, the melia azedarach leaves can be used for killing parasites and relieving itching, have better treatment and protection functions on the skin of fishes, and can prevent and treat various parasites; the seaweed powder contains indoleacetic acid, plant growth hormone, seaweed phenol, seaweed polysaccharide, mannitol, amino acid, protein, vitamin, potassium, ferrum, calcium, phosphorus, iodine, selenium, cobalt, etc.; the seaweed meal is added into the feed, so that the seaweed meal is rich in nutrition, has the functions of coagulating feed particles and preventing feed particles from collapsing, can improve meat quality and yield, and can improve survival rate; the flavor is unique, and the food calling rate of the feed can be improved; meanwhile, when the melia azedarach leaves, the seaweed meal, the calcium iodate and the calcium propionate are compounded, a better anti-corrosion effect can be given to the feed.
Preferably, the probiotic is bacillus subtilis.
By adopting the technical scheme, after the bacillus subtilis enters the intestinal tract of the large yellow croaker, digestive enzymes such as protease, amylase, lipase, cellulase, pectinase, glucanase, lecithin enzyme, phytase and the like can be synthesized by the bacillus subtilis, so that some complex carbohydrates in the vegetable feed can be degraded, the degradation of nutrients in the feed can be promoted, and the large yellow croaker can absorb and utilize the feed more fully; oxygen in the intestinal tract is consumed to cause an anaerobic environment through biological oxygen deprivation, most of the intestinal tract original bacteria belong to anaerobic bacteria, and most of the harmful bacteria and the external bacteria belong to aerobic bacteria, so that the ecological balance of the intestinal tract is maintained;
active substances such as subtilin, polymyxin, nystatin, gramicidin and the like generated in the growth process of bacillus subtilis have obvious inhibition effect on pathogenic bacteria or conditional pathogenic bacteria of endogenous infection; ammonia, amine, indole, hydrogen sulfide and other substances have obvious toxic action on cells in intestinal mucosa, inhibit harmful microorganisms such as vibrio, escherichia coli, baculovirus and the like, further reduce the generation of harmful substances, are beneficial to the health and growth of animals, and effectively prevent diseases such as enteritis, gill rot and the like of aquatic animals;
meanwhile, the bacillus subtilis dissolved in water can quickly and effectively reduce the contents of nitrate and nitrite in the water body, effectively reduce the pH value of the water body and purify the water body.
Preferably, the compound mineral comprises egg shell powder, shrimp shell powder and fishbone powder which are mixed according to the mass ratio of 1:1:1: 1.
By adopting the technical scheme, the eggshell powder is a powder product ground by eggshells, calcium carbonate, protein, magnesium carbonate, calcium phosphate, a little sodium carbonate and calcium hydrophosphate; the shell powder is calcium carbonate, chitin, a small amount of amino acid and polysaccharide substances, can supplement the deficiency of calcium, promote the growth and development of the large yellow croaker and avoid softening the large yellow croaker bone; meanwhile, the porous structure of the shell powder can adjust humidity and has an anti-corrosion effect. The chitin of the shell powder has good bacteriostatic and bactericidal effects on escherichia coli, salmonella and yellow glucose bacteria;
the shrimp shell powder is also a mineral raw material mainly containing calcium, and also contains abundant chitin, protein, choline, phospholipid, cholesterol, astaxanthin, phosphorus, calcium, iron, manganese, zinc, copper and other beneficial elements, so that the shrimp shell powder not only has a good food calling effect, but also can increase the disease resistance of large yellow croakers, promote growth and improve the flavor of shrimp meat. The fishbone powder is also a mineral material mainly containing calcium, and can promote the bone growth of the large yellow croaker;
by compounding the egg shell powder, the shrimp shell powder and the fish bone powder, the fish feed is rich in copper, iron, manganese, zinc, iodine, selenium, cobalt and other elements, the growth of the large yellow croaker is promoted, the physique of the large yellow croaker is enhanced, and the disease resistance of the large yellow croaker is improved.
Preferably, the hydrophobic coating comprises a component A and a component B; the component A comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30-40 parts of corn starch, 20-30 parts of propolis, 10-15 parts of guar gum, 5-10 parts of lotus leaf powder and 2-5 parts of sodium carboxymethylcellulose; the component B is edible wax.
By adopting the technical scheme, the hydrophobic coating under the formula has the characteristics of no toxicity and no harm, the growth of the large yellow croaker is not influenced, and meanwhile, the resistance effect of the large yellow croaker to the environment can be improved and the silk screen of the large yellow croaker caused by skin diseases is reduced due to the existence of the lotus leaf powder, the sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and the propolis.
Preferably, the edible wax is beeswax.
By adopting the technical scheme, the beeswax is edible wax, is harmless to the bodies of fishes, also has the functions of active ammonia removal, bacteriostasis and corrosion prevention, can maintain the skins of the fishes, has good biocompatibility of the beeswax, the propolis and other polysaccharides, and can further improve the resistance of the fishes to skin diseases by matching the beeswax with the propolis.
Preferably, the hydrophobic coating is prepared as follows:
step1, dissolving the component A in water and stirring uniformly to obtain a thick liquid;
step2, spraying the thick liquid on the surface of the expanded body, and drying to obtain a rough polysaccharide layer;
step3, drying the edible wax, mixing with water, and uniformly crushing by a superfine crusher to obtain a micron-sized edible wax suspension;
step4, adding part of the micron-sized edible wax suspension into a nano-grinder, and continuously grinding uniformly to obtain a nano-sized edible wax suspension;
and Step5, mixing the nano-scale edible wax suspension and the micron-scale edible wax suspension, and spraying the mixture on the surface of the rough polysaccharide layer to obtain the micro-nano wax layer.
By adopting the technical scheme, the hydrophobic coating can achieve the effect of imitating the lotus leaf surface by matching the rough polysaccharide layer and the micro-nano wax layer, so that the feed has hydrophobic capability.
The second purpose of the invention is to provide a preparation method of the large yellow croaker feed.
The technical purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a preparation method of large yellow croaker feed comprises the following steps:
step1, crushing and uniformly stirring high gluten flour, fish meal, corn protein powder, soybean meal, calcium dihydrogen phosphate, compound vitamins, compound mineral substances, amino acid raw powder and probiotics by using a feed crusher, and sieving by a 100-mesh sieve to obtain a mixture; at the end of the process, Step2,
putting the crushed mixture into a differential pressure puffing machine for pre-puffing to obtain a pre-puffed material;
step3, uniformly mixing the fish oil, the antioxidant and the preservative, adding the mixture into the pre-expanded material, uniformly stirring the mixture, and drying the mixture to obtain a dried material;
step4, putting the dried material into a differential pressure bulking machine again for bulking to obtain a bulked body;
step5, coating a hydrophobic coating on the surface of the puffed body to obtain the fish feed.
By adopting the technical scheme, the preparation method can form the edible hydrophobic coating on the surface of the puffed body, thereby delaying the water absorption speed of the fish feed and improving the feeding rate of the feed.
In conclusion, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the prepared large yellow croaker feed is free of virus bacteria, and after the large yellow croaker is eaten, the large yellow croaker feed is excellent in digestion and absorption, and can enhance the physique of the large yellow croaker, so that the large yellow croaker has the characteristics of strong disease resistance, high survival rate and high growth speed, and the strip shape and the color of the large yellow croaker can be close to those of wild large yellow croakers;
2. the invention reduces the loss of nutrient components caused by the water contact of the expanded body through the design of the hydrophobic coating, and can also prolong the feed sinking caused by the reasons of the weight increase of the expanded body in the water, the flushing of grease and the like, so that the feed can be suspended on the water surface for a long time to be eaten by large yellow croakers, thereby reducing the nutrient loss and waste of the feed.
Detailed Description
Example 1a
A preparation method of large yellow croaker feed comprises the following steps:
step1, crushing 20kg of high gluten flour, 48kg of fish meal, 8kg of corn protein powder, 13kg of soybean meal, 2kg of monocalcium phosphate, 0.05kg of compound vitamin, 0.25kg of compound mineral substance, 0.25kg of amino acid raw powder and 0.05kg of probiotics by using a feed crusher, uniformly stirring, and sieving by a 100-mesh sieve to obtain a mixture;
step2, placing the crushed mixture into a differential pressure expansion machine for pre-expansion to obtain a pre-expanded material;
step3, uniformly mixing 2kg of fish oil, 0.01kg of antioxidant and 0.04kg of preservative, adding the mixture into the pre-expanded material, uniformly stirring and drying to obtain a dried material;
and Step4, putting the dried material into a differential pressure bulking machine again for bulking to obtain the large yellow croaker feed.
The compound vitamin is available from Jinan Hongtian chemical Co., Ltd, vitamin A, vitamin D, vitamin E, vitamin K, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, inositol, choline and calcium carbonate.
The compound mineral is prepared by mixing egg shell powder, shrimp shell powder and fishbone powder according to the mass ratio of 1:1:1: 1.
Raw amino acid powder is available from commercial chemical company Limited, Jinan Honghu, and comprises tryptophan, tyrosine, leucine, alanine, glutamic acid, valine, arginine, lysine, histidine, isoleucine and phenylalanine.
The antioxidant is prepared by mixing ethoxyquinoline, tert-butyl hydroxyanisole, tea polyphenol and lecithin according to the mass ratio of 5:1:1: 2.
The preservative is prepared by mixing melia azedarach leaves, seaweed powder, calcium iodate and calcium propionate according to the mass ratio of 20:75:3: 2.
The probiotic is bacillus subtilis.
Example 1b example 1e
Examples 1 b-1 e were prepared according to the same method as in example 1a, except that the components and the specific amounts of the components were different in examples 1 b-1 e from example 1 a. Specifically, the following table (unit: kg):
Figure GDA0003274169590000051
Figure GDA0003274169590000061
example 2a
A preparation method of large yellow croaker feed comprises the following steps:
step1, dissolving corn starch 0.3kg, propolis 0.2kg, guar gum 0.1kg, folium Nelumbinis powder 0.05kg, and sodium carboxymethylcellulose 0.02kg in water 10kg, and stirring to obtain thick liquid;
step2, taking the feed prepared in the example 1a as an expanded body, spraying the thick liquid on the surface of the expanded body, wherein the diameter of a nozzle is 0.1mm, the pressure of the nozzle is 10Mpa, and the rough polysaccharide layer with the thickness of 0.1mm is obtained after forced air drying at 50 ℃;
step3, drying 0.5kg beeswax by blowing at 50 ℃, mixing with 2L water, and uniformly pulverizing by a superfine pulverizer to obtain micron-sized edible wax suspension;
step4, adding part of the micron-sized edible wax suspension into a nano-grinder, and continuously grinding uniformly to obtain a nano-sized edible wax suspension;
step5, mixing the nano-scale edible wax suspension and the micron-scale edible wax suspension, spraying the mixture on the surface of the rough polysaccharide layer, wherein the diameter of a nozzle is 0.1mm, the pressure of the nozzle is 14Mpa, drying to obtain a micro-nano wax layer with the thickness of 0.01mm, and the rough polysaccharide layer and the micro-nano wax layer are hydrophobic coatings coated on the surface of the puffed body.
Example 2b example 2e
Examples 2 b-2 e were prepared in the same manner as example 2a, except that examples 2 b-2 e differ from example 2a in the specific amounts of component a and component a. Specifically, the following table (unit: kg):
example 2a Example 2b Example 2c Example 2d Example 2e
Corn starch 0.3 0.4 0.35 0.32 0.38
Propolis (propolis) 0.2 0.25 0.27 0.22 0.3
Guar gum 0.1 0.12 0.15 0.14 0.11
Lotus leaf powder 0.05 0.08 0.07 0.06 0.1
Sodium hydroxymethyl cellulose 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.05
Example 3a
A preparation method of large yellow croaker feed comprises the following steps:
step1, utilizing a feed grinder to grind and uniformly stir 20kg of high gluten flour, 48kg of fish meal, 8kg of corn protein powder, 13kg of soybean meal, 2kg of monocalcium phosphate, 0.05kg of compound vitamin, 0.25kg of compound mineral substance, 0.25kg of amino acid raw powder and 0.05kg of probiotics, sieving the mixture with a 100-mesh sieve to obtain a mixture A, sieving the mixture A with an 80-mesh sieve to continue sieving the mixture A to obtain a mixture B1 with the particle size of 80-100 meshes and a mixture B2 with the particle size of below 80 meshes;
step2, placing the crushed mixture B1 into a differential pressure bulking machine for pre-bulking to obtain a pre-bulked material;
step3, uniformly mixing 2kg of fish oil, 0.01kg of antioxidant and 0.04kg of preservative, adding the mixture into the pre-expanded material, uniformly stirring and drying to obtain a dried material;
step4, putting the dried material into a differential pressure bulking machine again for bulking to obtain a bulked body;
step5, dissolving 0.3kg of corn starch, 0.2kg of propolis, 0.1kg of guar gum, 0.05kg of lotus leaf powder, 0.02kg of sodium carboxymethylcellulose and 20.02kg of mixture material B20 in 10kg of water, and uniformly stirring to obtain thick liquid;
step6, spraying the thick liquid on the surface of the expanded body, wherein the diameter of a nozzle is 0.1mm, the pressure of the nozzle is 10Mpa, and the rough polysaccharide layer with the thickness of 0.1mm is obtained after forced air drying at 50 ℃;
step7, drying 0.5kg beeswax by blowing at 50 ℃, mixing with 2L water, and uniformly pulverizing by a superfine pulverizer to obtain micron-sized edible wax suspension;
step8, adding part of the micron-sized edible wax suspension into a nano-grinder, and continuously grinding uniformly to obtain a nano-sized edible wax suspension;
step9, mixing the nano-scale edible wax suspension and the micron-scale edible wax suspension, spraying the mixture on the surface of the rough polysaccharide layer, wherein the diameter of a nozzle is 0.1mm, the pressure of the nozzle is 14Mpa, drying to obtain a micro-nano wax layer with the thickness of 0.01mm, and the rough polysaccharide layer and the micro-nano wax layer are hydrophobic coatings coated on the surface of the puffed body.
The compound vitamin is available from Jinan Hongtian chemical Co., Ltd, vitamin A, vitamin D, vitamin E, vitamin K, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, inositol, choline and calcium carbonate.
The compound mineral is prepared by mixing egg shell powder, shrimp shell powder and fishbone powder according to the mass ratio of 1:1:1: 1.
Raw amino acid powder is available from commercial chemical company Limited, Jinan Honghu, and comprises tryptophan, tyrosine, leucine, alanine, glutamic acid, valine, arginine, lysine, histidine, isoleucine and phenylalanine.
The antioxidant is prepared by mixing ethoxyquinoline, tert-butyl hydroxyanisole, tea polyphenol and lecithin according to the mass ratio of 5:1:1: 2.
The preservative is prepared by mixing melia azedarach leaves, seaweed powder, calcium iodate and calcium propionate according to the mass ratio of 20:75:3: 2.
The probiotic is bacillus subtilis.
Example 3b to example 3e
Examples 3 b-3 e were prepared according to the same method as example 3a, except that examples 3 b-3 e differ from example 3a in the components and the specific amounts of the components. Specifically, the following table (unit: kg):
Figure GDA0003274169590000071
Figure GDA0003274169590000081
the feeds prepared by the above examples are named after the corresponding examples 1 a-3 e, respectively. And handed to farmers for breeding large yellow croaker.
The breeding content comprises the following steps: 1800-tail large yellow croaker larvae are selected, divided into 18 parts in the same water area through a net, each part comprises 100 tails and fed with the feed prepared in the embodiment 1 a-3 e for 600 days, the other three parts comprise 1 part of the feed which is fed with pure iced fresh feed for 600 days, 1 part of the feed which is fed with the market large yellow croaker feed A for 600 days, and the other part of the feed which is mixed by iced fresh feed and the market large yellow croaker feed B according to the mass ratio of 1:1 is fed with the compound feed which is mixed for 600 days. And the total weight of the feed and/or the fresh ice food fed by each part is equal. The mortality (%) of large yellow croakers, the average body length (mm), the average body weight (g), the color and luster, and the feed phagostimulant (%) were recorded, wherein the phagostimulant was calculated by (number of total feed particles-number of uneaten feed particles within 1 day)/number of total feed particles. The feeds prepared in examples 1a to 3e were immersed in a water body, and the time (h) taken for complete digestion of the feeds was recorded.
Mortality rate Average body length Average body weight Rate of food calling Color Time to subside
Example 1a 2.5％ 310.2 517.1 95.2％ Bright yellow 96
Example 1b 2.3％ 311.0 517.2 95.3％ Bright yellow 95
Practice ofExample 1c 2.4％ 310.3 518.1 94.9％ Bright yellow 95
Example 1d 2.7％ 311.2 518.2 95.5％ Bright yellow 96
Example 1e 2.2％ 310.5 517.9 94.8％ Bright yellow 97
Example 2a 2.0％ 310.2 516.8 94.9％ Bright yellow 144
Example 2b 1.8％ 310.6 517.2 94.6％ Bright yellow 145
Example 2c 1.9％ 310.5 517.5 95.1％ Bright yellow 148
Example 2d 1.7％ 309.5 518.2 94.9％ Bright yellow 147
Example 2e 2.0％ 308.4 517.9 95.1％ Bright yellow 144
Example 3a 1.7％ 311.5 517.8 95.8％ Bright yellow 148
Example 3b 1.8％ 311.8 518.7 96.2％ Bright yellow 147
Example 3c 1.5％ 310.8 519.2 96.5％ Bright yellow 152
Example 3d 1.6％ 311.1 518.6 96.4％ Bright yellow 150
Example 3e 1.7％ 310.5 518.3 96.2％ Bright yellow 150
Ice-fresh material 3.5％ 302.4 500.5 93.8％ Dark yellow /
Commercial feed A 4.2％ 297.8 495.3 93.5％ Dark yellow 87
Compound feed 3.8％ 300.5 497.4 94.2％ Dark yellow 68
In conclusion, the feed has good food calling effect on the large yellow croakers, and the large yellow croakers have low death rate, long average body length and large average body weight. And can float on the water surface for a long time without melting.
The present embodiment is only for explaining the present invention, and it is not limited to the present invention, and those skilled in the art can make modifications of the present embodiment without inventive contribution as needed after reading the present specification, but all of them are protected by patent law within the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims (4)

1. The large yellow croaker feed is characterized by comprising a puffed body and a hydrophobic coating coated on the periphery of the puffed body;
wherein the puffed body consists of the following raw materials in parts by mass,
20-24 parts of high gluten flour;
48-52 parts of fish meal;
8-10 parts of corn protein powder;
13-15 parts of soybean meal;
2-3 parts of monocalcium phosphate;
2-3 parts of fish oil;
0.05-0.15 part of compound vitamin;
0.25-0.35 parts of composite mineral;
0.25-0.35 parts of amino acid raw powder;
0.01-0.03 part of antioxidant;
0.04-0.06 part of preservative;
0.05-0.15 part of probiotics;
the preservative is prepared by mixing melia azedarach leaves, seaweed powder, calcium iodate and calcium propionate according to the mass ratio of 20:75:3: 2;
the compound mineral comprises egg shell powder, shrimp shell powder and fishbone powder which are mixed according to the mass ratio of 1:1:1: 1;
the hydrophobic coating comprises a component A and a component B; the component A comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30-40 parts of corn starch, 20-30 parts of propolis, 10-15 parts of guar gum, 5-10 parts of lotus leaf powder and 2-5 parts of sodium carboxymethylcellulose; the component B is edible wax, and the edible wax is beeswax;
the preparation method of the hydrophobic coating comprises the following steps:
step1, dissolving the component A in water and stirring uniformly to obtain a thick liquid;
step2, spraying the thick liquid on the surface of the expanded body, and drying to obtain a rough polysaccharide layer;
step3, drying the edible wax, mixing with water, and uniformly crushing by a superfine crusher to obtain a micron-sized edible wax suspension;
step4, adding part of the micron-sized edible wax suspension into a nano-grinder, and continuously grinding uniformly to obtain a nano-sized edible wax suspension;
and Step5, mixing the nano-scale edible wax suspension and the micron-scale edible wax suspension, and spraying the mixture on the surface of the rough polysaccharide layer to obtain the micro-nano wax layer.
2. The large yellow croaker feed as claimed in claim 1, wherein the antioxidant is a mixture of ethoxyquinoline, t-butyl hydroxyanisole, tea polyphenol and lecithin in a mass ratio of 5:1:1: 2.
3. The large yellow croaker feed according to claim 1, wherein the probiotic is Bacillus subtilis.
4. The preparation method of the large yellow croaker feed according to any one of claims 1 to 3, comprising the steps of:
step1, crushing and uniformly stirring high gluten flour, fish meal, corn protein powder, soybean meal, calcium dihydrogen phosphate, compound vitamins, compound mineral substances, amino acid raw powder and probiotics by using a feed crusher, and sieving by a 100-mesh sieve to obtain a mixture;
step2, placing the crushed mixture into a differential pressure expansion machine for pre-expansion to obtain a pre-expanded material;
step3, uniformly mixing the fish oil, the antioxidant and the preservative, adding the mixture into the pre-expanded material, uniformly stirring the mixture, and drying the mixture to obtain a dried material;
step4, putting the dried material into a differential pressure bulking machine again for bulking to obtain a bulked body;
step5, coating a hydrophobic coating on the surface of the puffed body to obtain the fish feed.
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