CN108768175A - A Multiphase Interleaved Parallel DC-DC Converter Device - Google Patents
A Multiphase Interleaved Parallel DC-DC Converter Device Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M3/00—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output
- H02M3/02—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC
- H02M3/04—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters
- H02M3/10—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M3/145—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M3/155—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
- H02M3/156—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
- H02M3/158—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load
- H02M3/1584—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load with a plurality of power processing stages connected in parallel
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M3/00—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output
- H02M3/22—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC
- H02M3/24—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC by static converters
- H02M3/28—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate AC
- H02M3/285—Single converters with a plurality of output stages connected in parallel
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M3/00—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output
- H02M3/22—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC
- H02M3/24—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC by static converters
- H02M3/28—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate AC
- H02M3/325—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate AC using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M3/335—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate AC using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
- H02M3/33569—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate AC using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M3/00—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output
- H02M3/02—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC
- H02M3/04—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters
- H02M3/10—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M3/145—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M3/155—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
- H02M3/156—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
- H02M3/158—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load
- H02M3/1584—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load with a plurality of power processing stages connected in parallel
- H02M3/1586—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load with a plurality of power processing stages connected in parallel switched with a phase shift, i.e. interleaved
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- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Dc-Dc Converters (AREA)
Abstract
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及电力电子技术领域，尤其涉及一种多相交错并联DC-DC变换器装置。The invention relates to the technical field of power electronics, in particular to a multi-phase interleaved parallel DC-DC converter device.
背景技术Background technique
随着风能发电、太阳能发电、燃料电池等新能源的发展，DC-DC变换器的应用越来越广泛，而且对变换器提出了新的要求，即需要更大的功率、更高的可靠性、更高的开关频率。With the development of new energy sources such as wind power generation, solar power generation, and fuel cells, the application of DC-DC converters is becoming more and more extensive, and new requirements are put forward for the converter, that is, greater power and higher reliability , Higher switching frequency.
提升单相DC-DC变换器的容量，则大功率开关价格昂贵，电感和变压器设计复杂；而多台DC-DC变换器并联工作需要考虑变换器间的均流问题，系统可靠性降低，产品辅助用料增加，增大成本。DC-DC变换器的并联技术大致可分为电力电子器件的并联和多台变换器的并联两种方式，多台变换器的并联需要各台变换器协调控制，算法复杂不易推广，增加故障点，还可能存在环流的问题。所以目前多相交错并联DC-DC变换器成为提升变换器功率的理想方案，减少多台变换器并联的复杂性，提高可靠性。但目前多相交错并联DC-DC变换器要求各相支路的参数严格一致，在参数不一致时无法实现各相均流。同时Buck和Boost存在电感电流连续和电感电流断续两种模式，数学模型分别为二阶系统和一阶系统，控制算法迥异，不能实现全负载范围内的电流调节。To increase the capacity of single-phase DC-DC converters, high-power switches are expensive, and the design of inductors and transformers is complicated; while multiple DC-DC converters work in parallel, the problem of current sharing between converters needs to be considered, and system reliability is reduced. Auxiliary materials increase, increasing costs. The parallel connection technology of DC-DC converters can be roughly divided into two methods: the parallel connection of power electronic devices and the parallel connection of multiple converters. The parallel connection of multiple converters requires the coordinated control of each converter. , there may also be a circulation problem. Therefore, the current multi-phase interleaved parallel DC-DC converter has become an ideal solution to increase the power of the converter, reduce the complexity of parallel connection of multiple converters, and improve reliability. However, the current multi-phase interleaved parallel DC-DC converter requires the parameters of each phase branch to be strictly consistent, and current sharing of each phase cannot be achieved when the parameters are inconsistent. At the same time, Buck and Boost have two modes of continuous inductor current and intermittent inductor current. The mathematical models are second-order system and first-order system respectively. The control algorithms are very different, and the current regulation within the full load range cannot be realized.
发明内容Contents of the invention
根据现有技术存在的问题，本发明公开了一种多相交错并联DC-DC变换器装置，包括互相连接的多相交错并联变换器主电路和控制电路，所述控制电路包括电压控制器、多个并联设置的全负载范围调节器、多个并联设置的均流控制器以及PWM调制电路，所述电压控制器的输出端与全负载范围调节器的输入端相连接，所述全负载范围调节器的输出端与均流控制器的输入端相连接，所述均流控制器通过PWM调制电路与多相交错并联变换器主电路中的各支路相连接；According to the problems existing in the prior art, the present invention discloses a multi-phase interleaved parallel DC-DC converter device, which includes a multi-phase interleaved parallel converter main circuit and a control circuit connected to each other, and the control circuit includes a voltage controller, A plurality of full-load range regulators arranged in parallel, a plurality of parallel-connected current sharing controllers and PWM modulation circuits, the output terminals of the voltage controllers are connected to the input terminals of the full-load range regulators, and the full-load range The output terminal of the regulator is connected to the input terminal of the current sharing controller, and the current sharing controller is connected to each branch in the main circuit of the multi-phase interleaved parallel converter through a PWM modulation circuit;
所述电压控制器用于接收所述多相交错并联变换器主电路的输出电压反馈信号对输出电压进行调节；所述均流控制器用于接收所述多相交错并联变换器主电路中各支路的电流反馈信号对电流进行按比例分配。The voltage controller is used to receive the output voltage feedback signal of the main circuit of the multi-phase interleaved parallel converter to adjust the output voltage; the current sharing controller is used to receive The current feedback signal is used to distribute the current proportionally.
所述电压控制器的输出值经过全负载范围调节器处理作为各支路均流控制器的给定值；所述多相交错并联变换器主电路的各支路电流的比例由各支路电流反馈系数K1、K2……Kn确定，即系数K1:K2:……Kn＝I1max:I2max:……Inmax The output value of the voltage controller is processed by the full load range regulator as the given value of each branch current sharing controller; the ratio of each branch current of the main circuit of the multi-phase interleaved parallel converter is determined by each branch current Feedback coefficients K 1 , K 2 ... K n are determined, that is, coefficients K 1 : K 2 : ... K n = I 1max : I 2max : ... Inmax
所述全负载范围调节器按照电流切换值Ir1、Ir2……Irn控制工作支路数量，其中全负载范围调节器的电流切换值Iimin为第i支路的临界电感电流。当实际电流值小于切换值时，滞环与符号函数输出-1，使得该支路电流给定值为负数，使得该支路退出工作；否则该支路与其他支路并联运行。The full load range regulator controls the number of working branches according to the current switching value I r1 , I r2 ... I rn , wherein the current switching value of the full load range regulator is I imin is the critical inductor current of the i branch. When the actual current value is less than the switching value, the hysteresis and sign function output -1, so that the given value of the branch current is negative, making the branch out of work; otherwise, the branch runs in parallel with other branches.
当各支路电感临界电流为各支路最大电流的10％，则多相交错并联变换器主电路的最小电流为变换器最大电流的 When the critical current of each branch inductor is 10% of the maximum current of each branch, the minimum current of the main circuit of the multi-phase interleaved parallel converter is 10% of the maximum current of the converter
所述PWM调制电路中每个支路的驱动波形相位依次相差360°/n。The phases of the driving waveforms of each branch in the PWM modulation circuit are sequentially different by 360°/n.
所述多相交错并联变换器主电路中的控制电路为Buck变换器、Boost变换器或反激式变换器。The control circuit in the main circuit of the multi-phase interleaved parallel converter is a Buck converter, a Boost converter or a flyback converter.
所述Buck变换器、Boost变换器或反激式变换器的各个支路中有源功率开关管、二极管、电感或变压器的参数相同或者不同设置。The parameters of the active power switch tube, diode, inductor or transformer in each branch of the Buck converter, Boost converter or flyback converter are the same or set differently.
所述电压控制器和均流控制器为比例控制器、PI控制器、PD控制器、PID控制器、模糊控制器、鲁棒控制器、滑模控制器或自适应控制器。The voltage controller and current sharing controller are proportional controllers, PI controllers, PD controllers, PID controllers, fuzzy controllers, robust controllers, sliding mode controllers or adaptive controllers.
由于采用了上述技术方案，本发明提供的一种多相交错并联DC-DC变换器装置，本装置拓展了多相交错并联DC-DC变换器的应用范围，对各相器件参数不同的情况依然适用。在全负载范围内，实现了变换器电感电流连续模式的稳定运行，解决了变换器在连续模式和断续模式切换引起的震荡和不稳定问题；根据负载大小，无缝切换工作支路数量，空载时仅单支路工作，极大的提高了空载效率。Due to the adoption of the above-mentioned technical scheme, the present invention provides a multi-phase interleaved parallel DC-DC converter device, which expands the application range of multi-phase interleaved parallel DC-DC converters, and is still suitable for the situation where the device parameters of each phase are different. Be applicable. In the full load range, the stable operation of the continuous mode of the inductor current of the converter is realized, and the problem of oscillation and instability caused by the switching between the continuous mode and the discontinuous mode of the converter is solved; according to the load size, the number of working branches is seamlessly switched, Only a single branch works at no-load, which greatly improves the no-load efficiency.
附图说明Description of drawings
为了更清楚地说明本申请实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本申请中记载的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings that need to be used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the accompanying drawings in the following description are only These are some embodiments described in this application, and those skilled in the art can also obtain other drawings based on these drawings without creative work.
图1为本发明多相交错并联Buck变换器装置的总体框图；Fig. 1 is the overall block diagram of multi-phase interleaved parallel Buck converter device of the present invention;
图2是本发明的多相交错并联Buck变换器装置的原理图；Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of multi-phase interleaved parallel Buck converter device of the present invention;
图3是本发明的多相交错并联Boost变换器装置的原理图；Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram of multi-phase interleaved parallel Boost converter device of the present invention;
图4是本发明的多相交错并联反激式变换器装置的原理图。Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the multi-phase interleaved parallel flyback converter device of the present invention.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
为使本发明的技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚完整的描述：In order to make the technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clear, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention:
如图1所示的一种多相交错并联DC-DC变换器装置，具体包括：彼此之间互相连接的多相交错并联变换器主电路1和控制电路2，控制电路2包括电压控制器21、多个并联设置的全负载范围调节器4、多个并联设置的均流控制器3以及PWM调制电路5。其中电压控制器21的输出端与全负载范围调节器4的输入端相连接，所述全负载范围调节器4的输出端与均流控制器3的输入端相连接，所述均流控制器3通过PWM调制电路5与多相交错并联变换器主电路1中的各支路相连接。其中电压控制器21用于接收所述多相交错并联变换器主电路1的输出电压反馈信号对输出电压进行调节；所述均流控制器3用于接收所述多相交错并联变换器主电路1中各支路的电流反馈信号对电流进行按比例分配。A multi-phase interleaved parallel DC-DC converter device as shown in Figure 1 specifically includes: a multi-phase interleaved parallel converter main circuit 1 and a control circuit 2 connected to each other, and the control circuit 2 includes a voltage controller 21 , a plurality of full-load range regulators 4 arranged in parallel, a plurality of current sharing controllers 3 arranged in parallel, and a PWM modulation circuit 5 . Wherein the output end of the voltage controller 21 is connected with the input end of the full load range regulator 4, and the output end of the full load range regulator 4 is connected with the input end of the current equalizing controller 3, and the current equalizing controller 3. Connect with each branch in the main circuit 1 of the multi-phase interleaved parallel converter through the PWM modulation circuit 5. The voltage controller 21 is used to receive the output voltage feedback signal of the multi-phase interleaved parallel converter main circuit 1 to adjust the output voltage; the current sharing controller 3 is used to receive the multi-phase interleaved parallel converter main circuit The current feedback signal of each branch in 1 distributes the current proportionally.
进一步的，其中均流控制器3包括分多个支路并联设置的电流控制器。不论多相交错并联DC-DC变换器各支路的参数和容量是否相同，均可实现各支路电流按比例分配。电压控制器21的输出作为各支路电流控制器的给定值，各支路电流的比例由各支路电流反馈系数K1、K2……Kn确定，系数K1:K2:……Kn＝I1max:I2max:……Inmax。通过全负载范围调节器按照电流切换值Ir1、Ir2……Irn来控制工作支路数量，使得多相交错并联DC-DC变换器在全负载范围内实现电感电流连续模式运行，全负载范围调节器的电流切换值其中Iimin为第i支路的临界电感电流。各支路电感临界电流设计为各支路最大电流的10％，则多相交错并联DC-DC变换器的最小电流仅为变换器最大电流的当实际电流值小于切换值时，滞环与符号函数输出-1，该支路电流给定值为负数，使得该支路退出工作；否则该支路与其他支路并联运行。Further, the current sharing controller 3 includes a current controller which is divided into multiple branches and arranged in parallel. Regardless of whether the parameters and capacity of each branch of the multi-phase interleaved parallel DC-DC converter are the same, the current distribution of each branch can be realized in proportion. The output of voltage controller 21 is used as the given value of each branch current controller, and the ratio of each branch current is determined by each branch current feedback coefficient K 1 , K 2 ... K n , coefficient K 1 : K 2 : ... ...K n =I 1max :I 2max :... Inmax . The number of working branches is controlled by the full load range regulator according to the current switching value I r1 , I r2 ... I rn , so that the multi-phase interleaved parallel DC-DC converter can realize the continuous mode operation of the inductor current in the full load range, and the full load Range regulator current switching value Among them, I imin is the critical inductor current of the i branch. The critical current of each branch inductor is designed to be 10% of the maximum current of each branch, then the minimum current of the multi-phase interleaved parallel DC-DC converter is only 10% of the maximum current of the converter When the actual current value is less than the switching value, the hysteresis and sign function output -1, and the given value of the branch current is negative, making the branch quit working; otherwise, the branch runs in parallel with other branches.
进一步的，所述PWM调制电路5中每个支路的驱动波形相位依次相差360°/n。Further, the phases of the driving waveforms of each branch in the PWM modulation circuit 5 are sequentially different by 360°/n.
进一步的，如图2、图3和图4所示，所述多相交错并联变换器主电路1中的控制电路为Buck变换器、Boost变换器或反激式变换器。Further, as shown in FIG. 2 , FIG. 3 and FIG. 4 , the control circuit in the main circuit 1 of the multi-phase interleaved parallel converter is a Buck converter, a Boost converter or a flyback converter.
进一步的，所述Buck变换器、Boost变换器或反激式变换器的各个支路中有源功率开关管、二极管、电感或变压器的参数相同或者不同设置。当设计变换器要求各支路电流相等时，只需将各支路采用同参数的有源功率开关管、二极管和电感。当各支路容量依次增大，整个变换器的最小电流取决于容量最小的支路，变换器加一个很小的假负载，变换器实现全负载范围内的调节，变换器空载效率得到极大提高。Further, the parameters of the active power switch tube, diode, inductor or transformer in each branch of the Buck converter, Boost converter or flyback converter are set the same or different. When the design of the converter requires the current of each branch to be equal, it is only necessary to use active power switches, diodes and inductors with the same parameters for each branch. When the capacity of each branch increases sequentially, the minimum current of the entire converter depends on the branch with the smallest capacity, and a small dummy load is added to the converter to realize regulation within the full load range, and the no-load efficiency of the converter is extremely high. Great improvement.
进一步的，所述电压控制器21和均流控制器3为比例控制器、PI控制器、PD控制器、PID控制器、模糊控制器、鲁棒控制器、滑模控制器或自适应控制器。Further, the voltage controller 21 and the current sharing controller 3 are proportional controllers, PI controllers, PD controllers, PID controllers, fuzzy controllers, robust controllers, sliding mode controllers or adaptive controllers .
实施例：Example:
如图2所示为本发明实施例多相交错并联Buck变换器装置的原理图，Buck变换器的包括输入电源Uin、输入电容Cin、输出电容CO和n条支路；各支路由有源开关管S、电感L和二极管构成，各支路均为Buck拓扑。该变换器n条支路开关管的驱动依次相差360°/n，因此各支路的电感电流也相差360°/n。由于各相电感电流相互交错，总得电感电流纹波减小。As shown in Figure 2, it is a schematic diagram of a multi-phase interleaved parallel Buck converter device according to an embodiment of the present invention, the Buck converter includes an input power supply U in , an input capacitor C in , an output capacitor C O and n branches; each branch is routed The active switching tube S, the inductor L and the diode are composed, and each branch is Buck topology. The drive of the switching tubes of the n branches of the converter differs by 360°/n sequentially, so the inductor current of each branch also differs by 360°/n. Since the inductor currents of each phase are interleaved with each other, the total inductor current ripple is reduced.
在图2中将变换器的输出电压作为反馈，与电压给定值比较，两者的差值作为电压控制器21的输入信号，采用PI等方法控制输出电压稳定在给定值。电压控制器21的输出Iref作为各支路电流环的给定值，即各支路电流给定值相等；改变各支路电流反馈系数K1、K2……Kn即可确定各支路电流分配比例。对于第i条支路，将电流Ii乘以反馈系数Ki后与电流给定值Iref比较，经过电流控制器控制该支路占空比调节电感电流大小。In Fig. 2, the output voltage of the converter is used as feedback, compared with the given voltage value, the difference between the two is used as the input signal of the voltage controller 21, and PI and other methods are used to control the output voltage to stabilize at the given value. The output I ref of the voltage controller 21 is used as the given value of the current loop of each branch, that is, the given value of the current of each branch is equal; changing the current feedback coefficients K 1 , K 2 ... K n of each branch can determine the circuit current distribution ratio. For the i-th branch, the current I i is multiplied by the feedback coefficient K i and compared with the current given value I ref , and the duty ratio of the branch is controlled by the current controller to adjust the inductor current.
第i条支路的电流大小为：The current magnitude of the i-th branch is:
Ii＝Iref/Ki I i =I ref /K i
各支路电流分配比例为：The current distribution ratio of each branch is:
I1:I2:…In＝1/K1:1/K2:…1/Kn I 1 :I 2 :...I n =1/K 1 :1/K 2 :...1/K n
即调节反馈系数Ki即可改变第i条支路的电流分配比例。That is, adjusting the feedback coefficient K i can change the current distribution ratio of the i-th branch.
由于Buck变换器具有电感电流连续和断续两种模式，所谓电感电流连续(CCM)是指电感L中的电流保持连续，最小值大于零；电感电流断续(DCM)是指电感L中的电流存在等于零的时刻，电流在一个周期内出现断续。在电感连续模式下，Buck变换器的数学模型是二阶模型；在电感断续模式下，Buck变换器的数学模型是一阶模型。因为两种模式下的数学模型不同，因此控制器差异较大，在整个负载范围内难以实现统一的控制策略。Since the Buck converter has two modes of continuous and discontinuous inductor current, the so-called continuous inductor current (CCM) means that the current in the inductor L remains continuous, and the minimum value is greater than zero; the discontinuous inductor current (DCM) means that the current in the inductor L There is a moment when the current is equal to zero, and the current is intermittent within a cycle. In the inductive continuous mode, the mathematical model of the Buck converter is a second-order model; in the inductive discontinuous mode, the mathematical model of the Buck converter is a first-order model. Because the mathematical models in the two modes are different, the controllers are quite different, and it is difficult to achieve a unified control strategy in the entire load range.
传统的设计方式是将变换器设计为单一工作模式，电流连续的Buck变换器将临界电流取为额定值的10％；同时为了防止变换器进入断续模式，在电感电流低于临界电流时加入固定的假负载。由于需要维持变换器电流始终连续，空载时必须计入假负载，因此空载效率低于90％，实际上由于开关损耗等效率往往更低。The traditional design method is to design the converter as a single working mode, and the Buck converter with continuous current takes the critical current as 10% of the rated value; at the same time, in order to prevent the converter from entering the discontinuous mode, when the inductor current is lower than the critical current, add Fixed dummy load. Due to the need to maintain the continuous current of the converter, the no-load must be included in the dummy load, so the no-load efficiency is lower than 90%, and in fact, the efficiency is often lower due to switching losses.
本发明根据电感电流大小，设定n级不同的电流切换值，来控制工作的支路数量。每条支路的电流切换值：According to the magnitude of the inductor current, the present invention sets n levels of different current switching values to control the number of working branches. Current switching value for each branch:
第i条支路的电流环给定值：The given value of the current loop of the i branch:
Iri＝Iref·sgn(Ici-IL)I ri =I ref ·sgn(I ci -I L )
当电感电流IL>0.1ILmax时，各支路电流环的给定值均为Iref，n条支路按照比例1/K1:1/K2:…1/Kn均匀分配电流。当电感电流时，第n条支路的切换值Icn大于IL，差值经过符号函数sgn(x)后输出-1，第n条支路的电流环给定值Irn<0，则第n条支路停止工作，其余支路仍工作在连续模式。为了防止频繁切换，在符号函数前加入滞环进行调节。When the inductor current I L >0.1I Lmax , the given value of the current loop of each branch is I ref , and the n branches distribute the current evenly according to the ratio 1/K 1 :1/K 2 :...1/K n . When the inductor current , the switching value I cn of the nth branch is greater than I L , the difference will output -1 after the sign function sgn(x), and the given value of the current loop of the nth branch I rn <0, then the nth branch The branch stops working, and the rest of the branches still work in continuous mode. In order to prevent frequent switching, a hysteresis is added before the sign function for adjustment.
以上所述，仅为本发明较佳的具体实施方式，但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此，任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明揭露的技术范围内，根据本发明的技术方案及其发明构思加以等同替换或改变，都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto, any person familiar with the technical field within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention, according to the technical solution of the present invention Any equivalent replacement or change of the inventive concepts thereof shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
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