CN108758623B - A dual-purpose burner for oil and gas - Google Patents

Abstract

A kind of oil-gas two-way burner, burner outlet end can be arranged in burner hearth, and burner can be connect with blower.Burner includes spout, air gun component, oil gun component and air duct；The front end in air duct is arranged in as the outlet end of burner for spout, and air duct end can be connected with blower.Notch setting is in burner hearth；The centre in air duct is arranged in oil gun component；Several are arranged in air gun component, and several air gun components are around the inner wall that air duct front end is arranged in；Also around combustion gas header is provided with, combustion gas header is connected to air duct front end outer side with air gun component.Air gun component includes small air gun, air gun interface, big air gun, and overheavy firing pipe is additionally provided between small air gun and big air gun, and overheavy firing pipe includes the combustion tube outer tube that concentric-ring pattern is circular layout and combustion tube inner tube and the swirl vane for connecting the two.Oil gas rifle composite construction of the present invention, can be used in combination, and can also individually put into operation, flexible operation, applicability and practical.

Description

A dual-purpose burner for oil and gas

technical field

The invention relates to an oil-gas dual-purpose burner, which belongs to the technical field of combustion.

Background technique

In the process of oil extraction, high-temperature and high-pressure steam is usually injected into the downhole oil layer to increase the temperature of the crude oil, reduce the viscosity and enhance the fluidity, and then transport it out of the well. The high-temperature and high-pressure steam is provided by the steam injection boiler. Traditional steam injection boilers use finished fuels such as coal, refined oil or natural gas. However, the production cost of using finished fuel is relatively expensive, and the cost burden of enterprises is heavy. At the same time, due to the increasingly stringent national environmental protection standards, especially the stricter requirements for nitrogen oxide emissions, the combustion conditions of most steam injection boilers cannot meet the new environmental protection requirements. On the other hand, a considerable part of the crude oil produced in the oilfield is heavy oil, which has little demand from chemical companies, low prices, and a bleak market prospect. Therefore, the more economical and environmentally friendly technical route is: use this kind of heavy oil as fuel, and at the same time control the formation of nitrogen oxides in the combustion process. When the supply of heavy oil is not enough, flexibly switch to cleaner natural gas as fuel to ensure that the boiler contribution. In this context, the development of high-efficiency and environmental-friendly oil-gas dual-purpose burners suitable for heavy oil combustion is an urgent demand for oil exploration companies.

Currently existing technologies cannot solve the above-mentioned problems at low cost. Taking Liaohe Oilfield as an example, the steam injection boiler in Liaohe Oilfield adopts a horizontal, single-furnace radiation heat exchange, convective heat exchange economizer at the tail, forced ventilation, and oil and gas dual-purpose burners from North American Burner Company. According to the design, burning gas alone and burning oil alone can reach the rated output of the boiler. The designed fuel is the so-called No. 6 oil or marine oil refined by the refinery, but this kind of oil is expensive and the burden on the enterprise is heavy. Many problems arose when the burner was used to burn the heavy oil produced in the Liaohe Oilfield. Because heavy oil contains sand, water, and dissolved gas, the combustible components are unstable, which leads to unstable combustion process and excessive pollutants; and because heavy oil has high viscosity and difficult atomization, in winter, due to the low temperature of the air entering the furnace, the fuel injector outlet A large amount of heavy oil often condenses, resulting in poor oil injection, and needs to be shut down for cleaning; at the same time, a large amount of unburned heavy oil adheres to the heating surface of the tail, and the heat transfer effect becomes poor, resulting in the boiler output being only 70–80% of the rated load %, cannot meet the needs of production. When using German Zack’s oil burner to burn the original heavy oil, although the boiler output can reach 20t/h, its structure is too complicated and the price is extremely expensive. The price of a single burner is more than 1 million, which is currently economical. For enterprises, it is also an unbearable burden, and switching between oil and gas fuels requires replacement of equipment, resulting in unnecessary equipment disassembly.

In view of this engineering background, research and development of combustion technology that can efficiently burn heavy oil has become an urgent technical problem that needs to be solved. Its successful development can save a large amount of high-quality refined oil resources, which can be used for other purposes in the national economy and has huge potential. Economic benefits; at the same time, it is necessary to solve the problem of nitrogen oxide emissions from oil and gas burners, meet the new national and local environmental protection standards, and achieve good social benefits.

Contents of the invention

The present invention aims to provide an oil-gas dual-purpose burner, especially an oil-gas dual-purpose burner for burning low-quality crude oil and natural gas. Under the condition that the boiler can reach the rated output, it can solve the problem of oil gun in the process of burning heavy oil. The problem of fuel oil sticking to ducet and inferior crude oil burnout, and the emission of nitrogen oxides meet the local environmental protection standards.

The present invention is realized through the following technical solutions:

An oil and gas dual-purpose burner, the outlet end of the burner can be arranged in the furnace, and the burner can be connected with a fan, the burner includes a nozzle, an air gun assembly, an oil gun assembly and an air duct; the nozzle serves as The outlet end of the burner is arranged at the front end of the air duct, and the end of the air duct can be connected with the fan; the nozzle is arranged in the furnace; the oil gun assembly is arranged in the air duct; The air gun assembly is arranged on the outer periphery of the front end of the oil gun assembly, and the air gun assembly includes a plurality of air gun assemblies surrounding the inner wall arranged at the front end of the air duct; the outer front end of the air duct also surrounds Next, a gas header is provided, and the gas header communicates with the air gun assembly.

In the above technical solution, the connecting end of the spout and the air duct is used as the end, and the end of the spout is fixedly connected with the furnace; the outside of the spout is laid with a smooth transition from the front end of the spout to the end of the spout. Casting material; the front end of the spout shrinks inward.

In the above technical solution, the inner wall of the front end of the nozzle shrinks inward and forms an included angle α with the central axis, 5°<α<30°.

In the above technical solution, the air gun assembly includes a small air gun, an air gun interface, and an air gun, the air gun interface is connected to the gas header and the air gun, and the small air gun is connected to the rear end of the air gun.

In the above technical solution, the air gun is cylindrical, and its central axis is parallel to the central axis of the air duct; the outlet end of the air gun is provided with several outer ring gas holes.

In the above technical solution, the small air gun is L-shaped, its L-shaped starting end is connected to the rear end of the air gun, and its L-shaped outlet end is provided with several gas holes.

In the above technical solution, an enhanced combustion tube is also provided between the small air gun of the air gun assembly and the large air gun, and the enhanced combustion tube includes an outer tube of the combustion tube and an inner tube of the combustion tube arranged in a concentric circle, and a connecting combustion tube The swirl blades of the outer tube and the inner tube of the combustion tube; the inner tube of the combustion tube is arranged in a ring-shaped sleeve on the outside of the L-shaped transverse section of the small air gun.

As a further improved technical solution, the inner wall surface of the outer tube of the combustion tube shrinks and forms an included angle β with the central axis, 8°<β<20°.

In the above technical solution, the oil gun assembly is arranged in the middle of the air duct, which includes an oil pipe, an atomizing medium pipe surrounding the outside of the oil pipe, and an atomizing chamber arranged at the front ends of the oil pipe and the atomizing medium pipe. The outlet end of the atomization chamber is semicircular, and several atomization holes are evenly arranged on the semicircular outlet end surface of the atomization chamber.

In the above technical solution, the oil pipe and the atomizing medium pipe of the oil gun assembly are arranged in an inverted L shape, the horizontal sections of the oil pipe and the atomizing medium pipe are arranged in the air duct and coaxial with the central axis of the air duct, and the vertical section extends Out of the air duct; the oil gun assembly also includes an oil gun nozzle heating device arranged outside the atomization chamber and an ignition gun arranged obliquely. One end of the ignition gun is close to the atomization chamber, and the other end is fixed on the atomization medium pipe vertical segment.

In the above technical solution, a gas inlet is provided outside the rear end of the gas header.

The invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects: the composite structure of the oil-air gun can be used in combination, and can also be put into operation separately, with flexible operation, strong applicability and practicability.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of an oil-gas dual-purpose burner involved in the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of an air gun assembly of an oil-air dual-purpose burner involved in the present invention.

Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of an enhanced combustion tube arrangement of an oil-gas combustor according to the present invention.

Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of an oil gun assembly of an oil-air dual-purpose burner related to the present invention.

In the figure: 1-furnace; 2-casting material; 3-spout; 4-gas header; 5-air gun assembly; 6-air duct; 7-fan; 8-enhanced combustion pipe; Oil gun assembly; 11-enhanced combustion tube outer tube; 12-swirl blade; 13-atomization chamber; 14-oil gun nozzle heating device; 15-small air gun; 16-atomization medium pipe; 17-oil pipe; 18- Inner tube of enhanced combustion tube; 19-ignition gun; 20-gun barrel snap ring; 21-oil gun fixing flange; 22-power supply cable; 23-fuel oil inlet; 24-atomization medium inlet; 25-air gun interface; 26-atmosphere gun.

Detailed ways

The specific embodiment of the present invention and working process will be further described below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.

The orientation terms such as up, down, left, right, front and rear in this application document are established based on the positional relationship shown in the drawings. If the drawings are different, the corresponding positional relationship may also change accordingly, so this should not be understood as limiting the scope of protection.

The burner described in the present invention can be used in a steam injection boiler, the blower fan and the furnace are field equipment, and the oil-gas burner assembly is matched with it.

As shown in FIG. 1 , an oil and gas dual-purpose burner, the outlet end of the burner is arranged in the furnace 1 , and the burner can be connected with a fan 7 . The burner includes a nozzle 3 , an air gun assembly 5 , an oil gun assembly 10 and an air duct 6 . Take the fuel injection direction as the front and rear. The nozzle 3 is arranged at the front end of the air duct 6 as the outlet end of the burner, and the connection method is flange connection or welding. The end of the air duct 6 can be connected with the fan 7, usually by flange connection.

The spout 3 is arranged in the furnace 1, and the connection between the spout 3 and the air duct 6 is used as the end of the spout. The end of the spout 3 is connected to the air duct 6 and is also fixedly connected to the furnace 1. The connection method is welding or flange connection. In order to avoid the deformation of the spout 3 caused by the high temperature in the furnace 1, a refractory castable 2 is laid on the outside of the spout 3, and the castable 2 transitions smoothly from the front end of the spout 3 to the end of the spout 3. The front end of the spout 3 shrinks inwardly. Preferably, the inner wall of the front end of the spout 3 contracts inwardly and forms an angle α with the central axis, 5°<α<30°. A refractory castable with a certain thickness is also laid on the outer side of the shrinking end of the front end of the spout 3 .

The oil gun assembly 10 is arranged in the middle of the air duct 6 , and the horizontal central axis of the oil gun assembly 10 coincides with the central axis of the air duct 6 . The air gun assembly 5 is arranged on the outer ring of the front end of the oil gun assembly 10 , and several air gun assemblies 5 are provided, and several air gun assemblies surround the inner wall arranged at the front end of the air duct 6 . The outside of the front end of the air duct 6 is also surrounded by a gas header 4 , and the gas header 4 communicates with the air gun assembly 5 . A gas inlet 9 is provided outside the rear end of the gas header 4 .

As shown in Figure 2, air gun assembly 5 comprises small air gun 15, air gun interface 25, air gun 26, and air gun interface 25 connects gas header 4 and air gun 26, and small air gun 15 is connected in air gun 26 rear end. The air gun 26 is cylindrical, and its central axis is parallel to the central axis of the air duct 6 . The air gun 26 outlet end is provided with several outer ring gas holes, preferably, the air gun 26 outlet end is arc-shaped, and the outer ring gas hole is arranged on the inner semicircle arc near the flue center of the air gun 26 outlet end. The gas holes in the outer ring are obliquely sprayed into the gas toward the center of the flue.

The small air gun 15 is L-shaped, and its L-shaped starting end is connected to the rear end of the air gun 26, and its L-shaped outlet end is provided with several inner ring gas holes. Preferably, the outlet end of the small air gun 15 is arc-shaped, and the gas holes in the inner ring are uniformly arranged with the small air gun 15 at the arc-shaped outlet end.

As shown in FIG. 3 , the enhanced combustion tube 8 is arranged between the small air gun 15 and the large air gun 26 of the air gun assembly 5 . The enhanced combustion tube 8 includes an outer combustion tube 11 and an inner combustion tube 18 arranged concentrically, and a swirl vane 12 connecting the outer combustion tube 11 and the inner combustion tube 18 . 18 casings in the combustion tube are provided with the outside of the horizontal section of the small air gun 15L shape. The enhanced combustion pipe 8 is located in the center of the air duct 6, and is fixed to the inner wall of the air duct 6 housing through the supporting ribs. The outer tube 11 of the combustion tube and the inner tube 18 of the combustion tube are connected by the swirl blades 12 to form a swirl air channel, and the inner tube 18 of the combustion tube is a direct air channel.

The contraction of the inner wall surface of the outer tube 11 of the combustion tube forms an included angle β with the central axis, 8°<β<20°.

As shown in FIG. 3 , the oil gun assembly 10 includes an oil pipe 17 , an atomizing medium pipe 16 surrounding the outside of the oil pipe 17 , and an atomizing chamber 13 arranged at the front ends of the oil pipe 17 and the atomizing medium pipe 16 . The outlet end of the atomizing chamber 13 is semicircular, and several atomizing holes are evenly arranged on the semicircular outlet end surface of the atomizing chamber 13, and the atomized oil is sprayed into the inner tube 18 of the combustion tube through the atomizing holes.

As shown in Figure 4, the oil pipe 17 and the atomizing medium pipe 16 of the oil gun assembly 10 are in an L-shaped arrangement, and the transverse section of the L-shaped oil pipe 17 and the atomizing medium pipe 16 is arranged in the center of the air duct 6, and the L-shaped oil pipe 17 and The transverse section of the atomizing medium pipe 16 is fixed in the air channel 6 through the gun barrel snap ring 20 . The oil gun assembly 10 also includes an oil gun nozzle heating device 14 surrounding the spray chamber 13 and an ignition gun 19 obliquely fixed outside the vertical section of the atomizing medium pipe 16 . The ignition gun 19 is also the fire detection sleeve simultaneously. The oil gun assembly 10 is fixed by the oil gun fixing flange 21 . When selecting the voltage heater for use, the oil gun nozzle heating device 14 is connected with a power supply cable 22, and the power supply cable 22 is fixed with the gun shaft snap ring 20 and is drawn out of the air duct 6 with the gun shaft. The tail of the oil gun assembly 10 is provided with a fuel oil inlet 23 and an atomizing medium inlet 24 . The atomization medium is steam or compressed air.

The blower sends an appropriate amount of combustion air into the air duct 6 of the burner, and the enhanced combustion tube 8 installed in the air duct 6 of the burner divides the incoming air into two parts, one part enters the enhanced combustion tube 8, and the other part enters the enhanced combustion tube 8. The annular passage between the combustion pipe 8 and the burner air passage 6.

Pure burning low-quality crude oil working conditions:

First, during the process of sending inferior crude oil through the oil pipe 17, it is heated by the thermal atomization medium sent from the atomization medium inlet 24 through the atomization medium pipe 16, and is further atomized by the nozzle of the oil gun while being atomized in the atomization chamber 14 at the outlet. The heating device 14 heats to form an atomized oil film or oil droplets.

The air entering the enhanced combustion tube 8 is divided into two parts again: a small part enters the straight air channel inside the oil gun assembly 10 and the inner tube 18 of the combustion tube; most enters the swirl air channel formed by the swirl blades. A small amount of direct air impacts the atomized oil film (drops) formed by the oil gun assembly 10 to form a premix, and the swirl wind rotates to form a central negative pressure to ensure that the fuel oil sprayed by the oil gun assembly 10 is ignited stably. The inner side of the outlet of the combustion tube outer tube 11 of the enhanced combustion tube 8 is in the shape of a constriction, so that the air flow is turned to the center to flow and mixed with the flame under pressure to strengthen the combustion.

Then another part enters most of the air in the annular channel between the enhanced combustion pipe 8 and the burner air duct 6 to gradually supplement the combustion air required by the fuel oil, and the combustion is continuously strengthened. Turning to the center flow strengthens the mixing to supplement the combustion air, and injects it into the furnace chamber 1 in the shape of a torch.

The advantages of the working process under this structure: the measure of strengthening the combustion in the combustion tube 8 is first stabilized and then strengthened to ensure that part of the fuel is stably ignited and burned, and the released heat vaporizes the unfueled droplets. The combustion is continuously strengthened. At the outlet of the nozzle 3, the constricted structure makes the air flow bend to the center to flow, strengthen the mixing and supplement the combustion air, and ensure that the fuel oil enters the furnace and burns efficiently in the shape of a torch; the burner nozzle 3 extends into the furnace wall for a certain distance, Make part of the flue gas in the furnace flow back to the burner nozzle 3, mix with the air in the outer layer of the burner jet, and spray with the air jet, so that the oxygen concentration in the excess residual air is reduced, effectively inhibiting the generation of NOx, and reducing the emission of NOx in the exhaust flue gas Concentration, to achieve high-efficiency low-nitrogen fuel oil inferior crude oil, to meet the purpose of national and local environmental protection standards.

Pure natural gas operating conditions:

The gas guns are divided into a plurality of central small air guns arranged in the direct passage of the enhanced combustion tube surrounding the oil gun and a plurality of peripheral air guns surrounding the enhanced combustion tube. The small air guns 15 and the large air guns 26 form an air gun assembly 5 in one-to-one correspondence. And be connected on the gas header 4 with air gun interface 25.

The strengthened combustion tube structure ensures the stable ignition and combustion of the central air gun. The high-temperature flue gas produced by the ignition and combustion, after exiting the combustion tube, mixes with the air near the outside of the combustion tube, and at the same time ignites the gas ejected from the main air gun. The main air gun gradually ignites and burns. jet into the furnace.

The nozzle of the burner extends into the furnace wall for a certain distance, so that part of the flue gas in the furnace flows back to the nozzle of the burner, mixes with the outer layer air of the burner jet, and enters the furnace with the air jet.

The advantages of the working process under this structure: the pitch circle in the enhanced combustion tube is evenly distributed, and multiple central small air guns 15 spray gas evenly in all directions in the space where it is located. Compared with the power of the small air gun 15, the ignition combustion of the gas in the combustion tube 8 under the atmosphere environment with a large excess air ratio is enhanced, effectively suppressing the generation of NOx from the gas combustion in the combustion tube 8. The high-temperature flue gas produced by the combustion of gas in the enhanced combustion tube 8 is affected by the shrinkage of the outlet of the outer tube 11 of the enhanced combustion tube to increase the expansion angle, and accelerates to mix with the air outside the combustion tube, and ignites the gas ejected from the air gun 26 at the same time, and the main air gun gradually Ignition and combustion; the injection direction of the gas holes in the outer ring of the perimeter air gun 26 is towards the center of the air duct 6, so that the gas injected by the air gun is quickly mixed within the diameter of the pitch circle where it is located, which can effectively form a fuel-rich, low-oxygen concentration environment. The local space that suppresses NOx generation; along the length of the nozzle, the gas flame gradually spreads from the center to the periphery and sprays into the furnace; the burner nozzle extends into the furnace wall for a certain distance, so that part of the flue gas in the furnace flows back to the burner nozzle, and the combustion The air in the outer layer of the device jet is mixed and injected with the air jet; when the central flame spreads to the outer air flow, the air flow at this place has been mixed with the external flue gas, the oxygen concentration is reduced, and the formation of NOx is effectively suppressed.

One of the embodiments: through on-site verification, the present invention can achieve the following performance indicators:

1. Conditions of use: oil pressure 0.3-0.6Mpa, air pressure 0.4-0.7MPa, atomizing medium: steam or compressed air;

2. It can realize cold electronic ignition for any oil with viscosity below 80°E;

3. Heavy oil can be directly used as ignition-supporting fuel and main combustion fuel, including heavy residue oil, tar, asphalt oil, aoli oil, etc.;

4. The atomized particle size SMD of heavy oil is less than 80um;

5. The combustion efficiency is 99%;

6. When purely burning natural gas, the NOx emission concentration of exhaust flue gas is lower than 50mg/Nm ³ .

The above descriptions are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention. For those skilled in the art, the present invention may have various modifications and changes. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention shall be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. a kind of oil-gas two-way burner, the burner outlet end can be arranged in burner hearth (1), and the burner can It is connect with blower (7), it is characterised in that: the burner includes spout (3), air gun component (5), oil gun component (10) and air duct (6)；The spout (3) is arranged as the outlet end of the burner in the front end of the air duct (6), air duct (6) end It can be connected with the blower (7)；Spout (3) setting is in the burner hearth (1)；The oil gun component (10) is arranged in institute It states in air duct (6)；Air gun component (5) setting is in the front end periphery of the oil gun component (10), air gun component (5) packet Containing multiple, and inner wall of the multiple air gun component around setting in the air duct (6) front end；Air gun component (5) packet Small air gun (15) and big air gun (26) are included, the small air gun (15) is connected to big air gun (26) rear end；The air duct (6) is outside Side is additionally provided with combustion gas header (4), and the combustion gas header (4) is connected to the air gun component (5)；The air gun component (5) It is additionally provided with overheavy firing pipe (8) between small air gun (15) and the big air gun (26), the overheavy firing pipe (8) is located at described Air duct (6) center.

2. a kind of oil-gas two-way burner according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the spout (3) and the air duct (6) connecting pin is fixedly connected as spout end, spout (3) end with the burner hearth (1)；The outside of the spout (3) It is laid with the castable (2) seamlessly transitted from the spout (3) front end to the spout (3) end；Spout (3) front end to Contract.

3. a kind of oil-gas two-way burner according to claim 2, it is characterised in that: spout (3) front inner wall to Contract and central axis formation angle α, 5 ° < α < 30 °.

4. a kind of oil-gas two-way burner according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the air gun component (5) further includes Air gun interface (25), the air gun interface (25) are attached around the combustion gas header (4) and the institute of the air duct (6) front end setting State big air gun (26).

5. a kind of oil-gas two-way burner according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the big air gun (26) is in cylinder Shape, central shaft are parallel with the central axis of the air duct (6)；Big air gun (26) outlet end is provided with several outer ring combustion gas Hole.

6. a kind of oil-gas two-way burner according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the small air gun (15) is L-shaped, L-shaped starting point is connected to big air gun (26) rear end, and L-shaped outlet end is provided with several fuel gas holes.

7. a kind of oil-gas two-way burner according to claim 6, it is characterised in that: the overheavy firing pipe (8) includes The combustion tube outer tube (11) and combustion tube inner tube (18) and connection combustion tube outer tube (11) and burn that concentric-ring pattern is circular layout The swirl vane (12) of pipe inner tube (18)；The combustion tube inner tube (18) is sleeved to be arranged in the L-shaped cross of the small air gun (15) Section outside.

8. a kind of oil-gas two-way burner according to claim 7, it is characterised in that: on the inside of the combustion tube outer tube (11) Wall surface contraction and central axis formation angle β, 8 ° < β < 20 °.

9. a kind of oil-gas two-way burner according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the oil gun component (10) is set to The centre of the air duct (6) comprising oil pipe (17), the atomizing medium pipe (16) being looped around on the outside of oil pipe (17) and setting exist The spray chamber (13) of the oil pipe (17) and atomizing medium pipe (16) front end, spray chamber (13) outlet end semicircular in shape, institute It states spray chamber (13) semicircular outlet end face and has been evenly arranged several orifices.

10. a kind of oil-gas two-way burner according to claim 9, it is characterised in that: the oil of the oil gun component (10) It manages (17) and atomizing medium pipe (16) to arrange in inverted L shape, and the horizontal segment of oil pipe (17) and atomizing medium pipe (16) and the wind Road (6) is coaxially arranged；The oil gun component (10) further includes around the oil gun nozzle heating being arranged on the outside of spray chamber (13) Device (14) and the burning torch (19) being in tilted layout.