CN108754203A - A kind of Alar fining agent of degeneration and its preparation method and application - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses an anti-degeneration aluminum-silicon alloy refiner, its preparation method and its application as an aluminum-silicon alloy refiner. The refiner is formed of three elements: aluminum, vanadium and boron The master alloy, wherein the mass percentage of each component is: aluminum 20-99.8%, vanadium 0.1-40%, boron 0.1-40%. The preparation method is prepared by melting and solidifying two or three components of aluminum, vanadium, boron, aluminum vanadium alloy, aluminum boron alloy, boron salt and vanadium salt. The aluminum-silicon alloy refiner prepared by the present invention will not degenerate within three hours, significantly delaying the degeneration time, and can be applied in industry. It has very important theoretical significance and practical application value, especially suitable for silicon content An aluminum-silicon-based alloy with Si greater than 4wt.%; the preparation method of the aluminum-silicon-based alloy refiner of the invention has a simple process and easy access to raw materials; the aluminum-silicon-based alloy refiner prepared by the invention has a good refiner effect.

Description

A kind of anti-degeneration aluminum-silicon alloy refiner and its preparation method and application

technical field

The invention discloses an anti-degeneration aluminum-silicon alloy refiner, a preparation method and application thereof, and belongs to the technical field of alloy refiners.

Background technique

Grain refinement is currently the only strengthening method that can guarantee an increase in strength without reducing plastic properties. Since the preparation of almost all metals undergoes at least one solidification process, and the solidification process, as the front-end process of metal processing, plays a very important role in the structure and properties of metals. After research, it is found that solidification fine grain can not only improve the mechanical properties, but also reduce solidification defects. Therefore, it is of great practical significance to achieve grain refinement during the solidification of metals. Adding a refiner to molten metal has been extensively researched and paid attention to because of its simple operation and remarkable refinement effect, especially in aluminum alloys and magnesium alloys. For example, Al-Ti-B grain refiner has been widely used in some aluminum alloys.

As the cast aluminum alloy with the largest amount, aluminum-silicon series alloy has been widely used in aerospace, automobile and other fields due to its low density, easy recycling, good mechanical properties and physical and chemical properties, such as for the manufacture of automobile hubs , Engine pistons, etc. However, there is currently no very effective grain refiner for Al-Si alloys, especially for Al-Si alloys with a silicon content higher than 4%. The traditionally used Al-Ti-B refiner will cause serious degradation when casting aluminum-silicon alloys. The root cause is that the Al-Ti-B refiner will react with silicon, resulting in the loss of the added refiner. refinement. Subsequently, refiners such as Al-B and Al-Nb-B were developed. However, it has been found through practice that these refiners are severely degraded after being in the melt for more than 1 hour. However, if a refiner is to be applied in industry, its effective time is generally required to be more than 2 hours.

Contents of the invention

Purpose of the invention: In order to solve the above technical problems, the purpose of the present invention is to provide an anti-degeneration aluminum-silicon alloy refiner and its preparation method and application. The obtained refiner can significantly improve the comprehensive performance of the aluminum-silicon alloy.

Technical solution: In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

An anti-degeneration aluminum-silicon alloy refiner, which is an intermediate alloy formed of three elements: aluminum, vanadium and boron, wherein the weight percentage of each component is: aluminum 20-99.8%, vanadium 0.1-40%, Boron 0.1-40%.

The preparation method of the anti-degeneration aluminum-silicon alloy refiner, the refiner is composed of two or three components of aluminum, vanadium, boron, aluminum-vanadium alloy, aluminum-boron alloy, boron salt and vanadium salt Prepared by smelting and solidification.

As preferred:

The aluminum is rod-shaped, flake-shaped, massive or granular industrially pure aluminum; the vanadium is 99.9% granular industrially pure vanadium with a particle size of 50-1000 mesh; the boron is 99.9% granular industrially pure boron, The particle size is 50-1000 mesh; the aluminum-vanadium alloy is a rod-shaped, block-shaped, flake-shaped or granular industrial aluminum-vanadium master alloy, which can be produced by thermite method, two-step method, vacuum method, electric thermite method, molten salt method, etc. The aluminum-boron alloy is produced by a common industrial method; the aluminum-boron alloy is an industrial aluminum-boron master alloy in the form of a rod, a block, a sheet or a particle, and can be produced by a common industrial method such as a molten salt method.

The boron salt can be selected from potassium fluoroborate, and the vanadium salt can be selected from one or more of ammonium metavanadate, sodium fluoroaluminate, potassium fluoroaluminate, vanadium pentoxide, and vanadium trioxide. .

The aluminum-silicon alloy refining agent can be made by heating and melting industrial pure aluminum, pure vanadium and pure boron; it can also be made by heating and melting aluminum-vanadium alloy and industrial pure boron; it can also be made by heating and melting aluminum-boron alloy and industrial pure vanadium It can also be made by heating and melting aluminum vanadium alloy and aluminum boron alloy; it can also be made by heating and melting industrial pure aluminum, aluminum vanadium alloy and aluminum boron alloy; it can also be made by heating and melting reaction of aluminum vanadium alloy and boron salt; it can also be made by It can also be made by heating and melting reaction of industrial pure aluminum, aluminum-vanadium alloy and boron salt; it can also be made by heating and melting reaction of industrial pure aluminum, aluminum-boron alloy and vanadium salt; it can also be made by heating and melting of aluminum-boron alloy and vanadium salt; it can also be made by industrial It can be made by heating and melting pure aluminum, boron salt and vanadium salt; it can also be made by heating and melting industrial pure aluminum, pure vanadium and boron salt; it can also be made by heating and melting industrial pure aluminum, pure boron and vanadium salt.

The preparation method of the anti-degeneration aluminum-silicon alloy refiner comprises the following steps:

(1) Ingredients: calculate and weigh the raw materials according to the mass ratio;

(2) Smelting: heat and keep the raw materials prepared in step (1) together, or add them successively, and heat and keep them at different temperatures;

(3) Solidification: After the master alloy obtained by smelting in step (2) is cooled to room temperature, an anti-degeneration aluminum-silicon alloy refiner is obtained.

The heating temperature range in step (2) is 600° C. to 3000° C., and the holding time is 0.1 h to 24 h.

Preferably, the preparation method of the anti-degeneration aluminum-silicon alloy refiner comprises the following steps (the first):

(1) Batching: calculate and weigh the raw materials aluminum, vanadium and boron according to the mass ratio;

(2) Melting: Evenly mix the aluminum, vanadium, and boron prepared in step (1), then wrap the evenly mixed raw materials in aluminum foil, and smelt under vacuum conditions. The smelting temperature is 1500°C to 2000°C. It is melted and then cooled in the furnace.

(3) Solidification: After the master alloy obtained by smelting in step (2) is cooled to room temperature, an anti-degeneration aluminum-silicon alloy refiner is obtained.

The preparation method of the anti-degeneration aluminum-silicon alloy refiner comprises the following steps (the second):

(1) Batching: calculate and weigh the raw material aluminum-vanadium alloy and boron salt according to the mass ratio;

(2) Smelting: Heat the aluminum-vanadium alloy prepared in step (1), keep it warm for 1-2 hours after the temperature rises to 700-900°C, then add the prepared boron salt, and raise the temperature to 1000-1200°C Keep warm at ℃ for 2-5 hours and stir evenly;

(3) Casting and solidification: casting the alloy liquid obtained in the step (2) into an ingot, and removing the oxide skin after cooling to room temperature to obtain an anti-degeneration aluminum-silicon alloy refiner.

The preparation method of the anti-degeneration aluminum-silicon alloy refiner comprises the following steps (the third):

(1) Ingredients: calculate and weigh the raw material aluminum-boron alloy and vanadium salt according to the mass ratio;

(2) Smelting: Heat the aluminum-boron alloy prepared in step (1), keep it warm for 1-2 hours after the temperature rises to 700-900°C, then add the prepared vanadium salt, and raise the temperature to 1000-1200°C Keep warm at ℃ for 2-5 hours and stir evenly;

(3) Casting and solidification: casting the alloy liquid obtained in the step (2) into an ingot, and removing the oxide skin after cooling to room temperature to obtain an anti-degeneration aluminum-silicon alloy refiner.

The preparation method of the anti-degeneration aluminum-silicon alloy refiner comprises the following steps (the fourth):

(1) Ingredients: calculate and weigh the raw material aluminum-vanadium alloy and aluminum-boron alloy according to the mass ratio;

(2) Smelting: heat-treat the aluminum-vanadium alloy and aluminum-boron alloy prepared in step (1), keep warm for 1-3 hours after the temperature rises to 700-900°C, and stir evenly;

(3) Casting and solidification: casting the alloy liquid obtained in the step (2) into an ingot, and removing the oxide skin after cooling to room temperature to obtain an anti-degeneration aluminum-silicon alloy refiner.

The preparation method of the anti-degeneration aluminum-silicon alloy refiner comprises the following steps (the fifth):

(1) Batching: calculate and weigh the raw material aluminum, boron salt and vanadium salt according to the mass ratio;

(2) Smelting: Heat the industrial pure aluminum prepared in step (1), keep it warm for 1-3 hours after the temperature rises to 700-900°C, then add the prepared boron salt and vanadium salt, and then lower the furnace temperature Rise to 1000-1200°C and keep warm for 2-5 hours, stirring evenly;

(3) Casting and solidification: casting the alloy liquid obtained in the step (2) into an ingot, and removing the oxide skin after cooling to room temperature to obtain an anti-degeneration aluminum-silicon alloy refiner.

The raw material selection and preparation process of above-mentioned five kinds of preparation methods, more specifically are as follows:

1. The process steps of the first preparation method:

(1) Ingredients

The raw materials are industrial pure aluminum, industrial pure vanadium and industrial pure boron, and the raw materials are calculated and weighed according to the mass percentages of aluminum, vanadium and boron described in the aluminum-silicon alloy refiner;

(2) Melting

The aluminum, vanadium and boron prepared in step (1) are uniformly mixed, and then the uniformly mixed raw materials are wrapped in aluminum foil. Then put the packaged raw materials in the crucible of the electric arc melting furnace, and melt them under vacuum condition at a melting temperature of 1500°C to 2000°C. Repeat the sample melting for 3 to 5 times, and the melting time for each time is 5 to 10 minutes. Then cool down with the furnace.

(3) Solidification

After the master alloy obtained by smelting in step (2) is cooled to room temperature, an anti-degeneration aluminum-silicon alloy refiner is obtained.

In the above preparation steps, the aluminum used to prepare the aluminum-silicon alloy refiner is 99.99% flaky industrial pure aluminum. The thickness is 0.1-50mm, the length is 50-300mm, and the width is 50-300mm. The preferred thickness is 1 mm, the length is 150 mm, and the width is 150 mm.

The vanadium used to prepare the aluminum-silicon alloy refiner is 99.9% granular industrial pure vanadium. The particle size is 50-1000 mesh, preferably 300 mesh.

The boron used to prepare the aluminum-silicon alloy refiner is 99.9% granular industrial pure boron. The particle size is 50-1000 mesh, preferably 300 mesh.

2. The process steps of the second preparation method:

(1) Ingredients

The raw materials are aluminum-vanadium alloy and boron salt, and the raw materials are calculated and weighed according to the mass percentages of aluminum, vanadium and boron described in the above-mentioned aluminum-silicon alloy refiner;

(2) Melting

Put the aluminum-vanadium alloy prepared in step (1) in a corundum crucible, then put the corundum crucible in a heat treatment furnace to heat, wait for the temperature of the furnace to rise to 700-900°C, keep it warm for 1-2 hours, and then add the prepared boron salt , and then raise the temperature of the furnace to 1000-1200°C for 2-5 hours, and stir evenly.

(3) casting and solidification

Deslagging the alloy liquid obtained in step (2) and casting it into an ingot, and removing the scale after cooling to room temperature to obtain an anti-degeneration aluminum-silicon alloy refiner.

In the above preparation steps, the aluminum-vanadium alloy used to prepare the aluminum-silicon alloy refiner is a rod-shaped, block-shaped, flake-shaped or granular industrial aluminum-vanadium master alloy, which can be prepared by the aluminothermic method, two-step method, or vacuum method. , Electric thermite method, molten salt method and other common industrial methods.

The boron salt used to prepare the aluminum-silicon alloy refiner is preferably potassium fluoroborate.

3. The process steps of the third preparation method:

(1) Ingredients

The raw materials are aluminum-boron alloy and vanadium salt, and the raw materials are calculated and weighed according to the mass percentages of aluminum, vanadium and boron described in the above-mentioned aluminum-silicon alloy refiner;

(2) Melting

Put the aluminum-boron alloy prepared in step (1) into a corundum crucible, then put the corundum crucible into a heat treatment furnace to heat, wait for the temperature of the furnace to rise to 700-900°C, keep it warm for 1-2 hours, and then add the prepared vanadium salt, raise the temperature to 1000-1200°C for 2-5 hours, and stir evenly;

(3) casting and solidification

Deslagging the alloy liquid obtained in step (2) and casting it into an ingot, and removing the scale after cooling to room temperature to obtain an anti-degeneration aluminum-silicon alloy refiner.

In the above preparation steps, the aluminum-boron alloy used to prepare the aluminum-silicon alloy refiner is an industrial aluminum-boron master alloy in the form of rods, blocks, flakes or granules.

The vanadium salt used to prepare the aluminum-silicon alloy refiner can be selected from one or more mixtures of ammonium metavanadate, sodium fluoroaluminate, potassium fluoroaluminate, vanadium pentoxide and vanadium trioxide, Ammonium metavanadate is preferred.

4. The process steps of the fourth preparation method:

(1) Ingredients

The raw materials are aluminum-vanadium alloy and aluminum-boron alloy, and the raw materials are calculated and weighed according to the mass percentages of aluminum, vanadium and boron described in the above-mentioned aluminum-silicon alloy refiner;

(2) Melting

Put the aluminum-boron alloy and aluminum-vanadium alloy prepared in step (1) in a corundum crucible, then put the corundum crucible into a heat treatment furnace for heating, and keep it warm for 1-3 hours after the furnace temperature rises to 700-900°C, and stir evenly ;

(3) casting and solidification

Deslagging the alloy liquid obtained in step (2) and casting it into an ingot, and removing the scale after cooling to room temperature to obtain an anti-degeneration aluminum-silicon alloy refiner.

In the above preparation steps, the aluminum-boron alloy used to prepare the aluminum-silicon alloy refiner is an industrial aluminum-boron master alloy in the form of rods, blocks, flakes or granules.

The aluminum-vanadium alloy used to prepare the aluminum-silicon alloy refiner is a rod-shaped, block-shaped, flake-shaped or granular industrial aluminum-vanadium master alloy, which can be prepared by the aluminothermic method, two-step method, vacuum method, electric aluminothermic method , Molten salt method and other common industrial methods.

5. Process steps of the fifth preparation method:

(1) Ingredients

The raw materials are industrial pure aluminum, boron salt and vanadium salt, and the raw materials are calculated and weighed according to the weight percentages of aluminum, vanadium and boron described in the above-mentioned aluminum-silicon alloy refiner;

(2) Melting

Put the industrially pure aluminum prepared in step (1) in a corundum crucible, keep it warm for 1-3 hours after the temperature rises to 700-900°C, then add the prepared boron salt and vanadium salt, and then raise the furnace temperature to 1000 ～1200℃ heat preservation for 2～5 hours, stirring evenly;

(3) casting and solidification

Deslagging the alloy liquid obtained in step (2) and casting it into an ingot, and removing the scale after cooling to room temperature to obtain an anti-degeneration aluminum-silicon alloy refiner.

In the above preparation steps, the industrially pure aluminum used to prepare the aluminum-silicon alloy refiner is in the form of rods, blocks, flakes or granules.

The boron salt used to prepare the aluminum-silicon alloy refiner is preferably potassium fluoroborate.

The vanadium salt used to prepare the aluminum-silicon alloy refiner can be selected from one or more mixtures of ammonium metavanadate, sodium fluoroaluminate, potassium fluoroaluminate, vanadium pentoxide and vanadium trioxide, Ammonium metavanadate is preferred.

The application of the refiner (may be referred to as Al-V-B refiner) as an aluminum-silicon alloy refiner can be used to refine aluminum-silicon alloy ingots, castings, etc.

In application, the refiner can be added after the finished aluminum-silicon alloy is melted, or can also be added during the preparation of the aluminum-silicon alloy.

The adding method is: adding the prepared refining agent in the form of finished product or in the form of raw material.

The content of vanadium in the aluminum-silicon alloy is controlled at 10-2000 ppm, and the content of boron in the aluminum-silicon alloy is controlled at 10-2000 ppm.

Preferably, the application methods include the following four types:

The first application method includes the following steps:

(1) Ingredients: take industrial pure aluminum, industrial pure silicon and the aluminum-silicon alloy refiner according to the mass ratio, wherein industrial pure silicon: 1% to 25%, aluminum-silicon alloy refiner: 0.001% to 5% %, the balance is industrial pure aluminum;

(2) Smelting: heat the prepared pure aluminum, keep it warm for 0.5-1 hour after the temperature rises to 700-800°C, then add the prepared industrial pure silicon, keep it at 700-800°C for 1-2 hours, and finally add the Aluminum-silicon alloy refiner, heat preservation for 1 to 4 hours;

(3) Casting and solidification: casting the alloy liquid obtained in step (2) into an ingot, and cooling to room temperature to obtain a refined ingot of the aluminum-silicon alloy.

The second application method includes the following steps:

(1) Ingredients: take the prepared aluminum-silicon alloy and the aluminum-silicon alloy refiner according to the mass ratio, wherein the percentage content of the aluminum-silicon alloy is: 90% to 99.999%, and the aluminum-silicon alloy refiner The percentage content of the agent is: 0.001% ~ 10%;

(2) Melting: heat the industrial aluminum-silicon alloy, and keep it warm for 0.5-1 hour after the temperature rises to 700-800°C, then add the aluminum-silicon alloy refiner and keep it warm for 1-4 hours;

(3) Casting and solidification: casting or die-casting the alloy solution obtained in step (2) into a casting, and cooling to room temperature to obtain a refined aluminum-silicon alloy casting.

The third application method includes the following steps:

(1) Ingredients: Industrial pure aluminum, industrial pure silicon, aluminum vanadium alloy and aluminum boron alloy are taken according to the mass ratio, of which industrial pure silicon: 1% ~ 25%, aluminum vanadium alloy: 0.001% ~ 5%, aluminum boron alloy: 0.001%～5%, the balance is industrial pure aluminum;

(2) Smelting: heat the prepared pure aluminum, keep it warm for 0.5-1 hour after the temperature rises to 700-800°C, then add the prepared industrial pure silicon, keep it at 700-800°C for 1-2 hours, and finally add the A certain proportion of aluminum-vanadium alloy and aluminum-boron alloy, heat preservation for 1 to 4 hours;

(3) Casting and solidification: casting or die-casting the alloy solution obtained in step (2) into a casting, and cooling to room temperature to obtain a refined aluminum-silicon alloy casting.

The fourth application method includes the following steps:

(1) Ingredients: take industrial pure aluminum, industrial pure silicon, and the aluminum-silicon alloy refiner according to the mass ratio, wherein industrial pure silicon: 1% to 25%, aluminum vanadium boron alloy refiner: 0.001% to 5% %, the balance is industrial pure aluminum;

(2) Smelting: heat the prepared pure aluminum, keep it warm for 0.5-1 hour after the temperature rises to 700-800°C, then add a certain proportion of the aluminum-silicon alloy refiner, keep it at 700-800°C for 1-2 hours 2 hours, finally add the prepared industrial pure silicon, keep warm for 1 to 4 hours;

(3) Casting and solidification: casting or die-casting the alloy solution obtained in step (2) into a casting, and cooling to room temperature to obtain a refined aluminum-silicon alloy casting.

The raw material selection and preparation process of the above four application methods are more specifically as follows:

1. The first application method:

(1) Ingredients

The raw materials are industrial pure aluminum, industrial pure silicon and prepared Al-V-B refiner, and the raw materials are calculated and weighed according to a certain ratio, among which industrial pure silicon: 1% to 25%, Al-V-B refiner: 0.001 % to 5%, and the balance is industrial pure aluminum.

(2) Melting

Put the prepared pure aluminum in the crucible, then place the crucible in a muffle furnace to heat, wait for the temperature in the furnace to rise to 700-800°C and keep it warm for 0.5-1 hour, then add the prepared industrial pure silicon into the crucible , 700 ~ 800 ℃ small heat preservation for 1 to 2 hours, and finally add a certain proportion of refiner into the crucible heat preservation for 1 to 4 hours.

(3) casting and solidification

The alloy liquid obtained in step (2) is cast into an ingot, and cooled to room temperature to obtain an aluminum-silicon alloy refined ingot.

In the above steps, the aluminum used to prepare the aluminum-silicon alloy is industrially pure aluminum in the form of rods, blocks, flakes or granules.

The silicon used to prepare the aluminum-silicon alloy is industrial pure silicon.

The vanadium source and boron source used to prepare the aluminum-silicon alloy are the above-mentioned Al-V-B refiner containing vanadium and boron.

The crucible for containing the alloy liquid is a graphite crucible or a corundum crucible.

The percentage content of each component of the finally obtained aluminum-silicon alloy is controlled as follows: silicon: 1%-25%, vanadium: 0.001%-0.2% (10-2000ppm), boron: 0.001%-0.2% (10-2000ppm).

2. The second application method:

(1) Ingredients

The raw materials are prepared industrial aluminum-silicon alloys and Al-V-B refiner, and the raw materials are calculated and weighed according to a certain ratio. The percentage content is: 0.001% to 10%.

(2) Melting

Put the prepared aluminum-silicon alloy in the crucible, and then place the crucible in the muffle furnace to heat it. After the temperature in the furnace rises to 700-800°C, keep it warm for 0.5-1 hour, and then refine it with a certain proportion of Al-V-B Add the agent to the crucible and keep it warm for 1 to 4 hours.

(3) casting and solidification

Casting or die-casting the alloy solution obtained in step (2) into a casting, and cooling to room temperature to obtain a refined aluminum-silicon alloy casting.

In the above steps, the industrial aluminum-silicon alloy is in the shape of rods, blocks, flakes or granules.

The vanadium source and boron source used to prepare the aluminum-silicon alloy are the above-mentioned Al-V-B refiner containing vanadium and boron.

The crucible for containing the alloy liquid is a graphite crucible or a corundum crucible.

The percentage content of each component of the finally obtained aluminum-silicon alloy is controlled as follows: silicon: 1%-25%, vanadium: 0.001%-0.2% (10-2000ppm), boron: 0.001%-0.2% (10-2000ppm).

3. The third application method:

(1) Ingredients

The raw materials are industrial pure aluminum, industrial pure silicon, aluminum-vanadium alloy and aluminum-boron alloy. The raw materials are calculated and weighed according to a certain ratio, of which industrial pure silicon: 1%-25%, aluminum-vanadium alloy: 0.001%-5%, Aluminum-boron alloy: 0.001% to 5%, and the balance is industrial pure aluminum.

(2) Melting

Put the prepared pure aluminum in the crucible, then place the crucible in a muffle furnace to heat, wait for the temperature in the furnace to rise to 700-800°C and keep it warm for 0.5-1 hour, then add the prepared industrial pure silicon into the crucible , 700-800 ℃ small heat preservation for 1-2 hours, and finally a certain proportion of aluminum-vanadium alloy and aluminum-boron alloy are added to the crucible at the same time and heat preservation for 1-4 hours.

(3) casting and solidification

Casting or die-casting the alloy solution obtained in step (2) into a casting, and cooling to room temperature to obtain a refined aluminum-silicon alloy casting.

In the above steps, the aluminum used to prepare the aluminum-silicon alloy is industrially pure aluminum in the form of rods, blocks, flakes or granules.

The silicon used to prepare the aluminum-silicon alloy is industrial pure silicon.

The crucible for containing the alloy liquid is a graphite crucible or a corundum crucible.

The percentage content of each component of the final aluminum-silicon alloy is controlled as follows: silicon: 1% to 25%, vanadium: 0.001% to 0.2%

(10-2000ppm), boron: 0.001%-0.2% (10-2000ppm).

4. The fourth application method:

(1) Ingredients

The raw materials are industrial pure aluminum, industrial pure silicon and prepared Al-V-B refiner, and the raw materials are calculated and weighed according to a certain ratio, among which industrial pure silicon: 1% to 25%, Al-V-B refiner: 0.001 % to 5%, and the balance is industrial pure aluminum.

(2) Melting

Put the prepared pure aluminum in the crucible, then place the crucible in a muffle furnace to heat, wait for the temperature in the furnace to rise to 700-800°C and keep it warm for 0.5-1 hour, then add a certain proportion of refiner into the crucible , 700 ~ 800 ℃ small heat preservation for 1 to 2 hours, and finally put the prepared industrial pure silicon into the crucible and heat preservation for 1 to 4 hours.

(3) casting and solidification

The alloy liquid obtained in step (2) is cast into an ingot, and cooled to room temperature to obtain an aluminum-silicon alloy refined ingot.

In the above steps, the aluminum used to prepare the aluminum-silicon alloy is industrially pure aluminum in the form of rods, blocks, flakes or granules.

The silicon used to prepare the aluminum-silicon alloy is industrial pure silicon.

The vanadium source and boron source used to prepare the aluminum-silicon alloy are the above-mentioned Al-V-B refiner containing vanadium and boron.

The crucible for containing the alloy liquid is a graphite crucible or a corundum crucible.

The percentage content of each component of the finally obtained aluminum-silicon alloy is controlled as follows: silicon: 1%-25%, vanadium: 0.001%-0.2% (10-2000ppm), boron: 0.001%-0.2% (10-2000ppm).

Technical effect: Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following technical advantages:

(1) Compared with other aluminum-silicon alloy refiners, degradation will occur within one hour, the aluminum-silicon alloy refiner prepared by the present invention will not degrade within three hours (see Figure 2), significantly delaying It can be applied in industry and has very important theoretical significance and practical application value, especially suitable for aluminum-silicon alloys with a silicon content greater than 4wt.% Si;

(2) The preparation method of the aluminum-silicon alloy refiner of the present invention has a simple process and easy access to raw materials;

(3) The aluminum-silicon alloy refiner prepared by the present invention has a good refinement effect.

Description of drawings

Figure 1 is a macroscopic corrosion picture of the solidified structure of Al-7wt.% Si alloy without refiner.

Fig. 2 is a macroscopic corrosion picture of the Al-7wt.% Si alloy solidified structure added with the Al-V-B refiner of the present invention and kept for 1 hour.

Fig. 3 is a macroscopic corrosion picture of the Al-7wt.% Si alloy solidified structure added with the Al-V-B refiner of the present invention and kept for 3 hours.

Detailed ways

The present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with specific embodiments, and the described embodiments are helpful to the understanding and implementation of the present invention, but are not intended to limit the present invention.

Example 1

(1) An Al-V-B refiner for aluminum-silicon alloy, prepared from 99.99% industrial pure aluminum, 99.9% industrial pure vanadium and 99.9% industrial pure boron, wherein the weight of pure vanadium The percentage is 2%, the percentage by weight of pure boron is 2%, and the balance is industrial pure aluminum. First, calculate and weigh the raw materials according to the weight percentages of aluminum, vanadium and boron described in the aluminum-silicon alloy refiner. Next, the prepared aluminum, vanadium and boron are evenly mixed, and then the evenly mixed raw materials are wrapped in aluminum foil. Then the mixed and packaged raw materials are placed in the crucible of the arc melting furnace, and melted under vacuum conditions at a melting temperature of 1800°C. The sample was repeatedly smelted 3 times, and the smelting time was 5 minutes each time. After the melted Al-2%V-2%B alloy is cooled, it is taken out and put into a corundum crucible, and the corundum crucible is placed in a resistance furnace for heating and melting. When the temperature of the resistance furnace rises to 800°C, it is kept warm for two hours, and the temperature of the resistance furnace is raised to 900°C, and then kept for two hours. Finally, the corundum crucible was taken out and cooled to room temperature in air. Take out the Al-2%V-2%B alloy in the corundum crucible, remove the surface scale, and prepare the aluminum-silicon alloy refiner.

(2) Take out two corundum crucibles numbered 1 and 2 and place them in a drying oven for one hour to dry, then place the two corundum crucibles in a resistance furnace, and add 184g of industrial corundum with a purity of 99.9% to the two corundum crucibles respectively. For pure aluminum, heat it to 800°C for one hour, then add 14g of industrial pure silicon with a purity of 99.9999% to two corundum crucibles, and then add the above-prepared Al to No. 2 corundum crucible after another hour -2% V-2% B refiner 2g, after another hour of heat preservation at 800°C, take out two corundum crucibles and place them in air to cool to room temperature.

(3) After the sample is solidified, cut, polish, corrode, and take pictures of the sample. The results of sample 1 are shown in Figure 1, and the results of sample 2 are shown in Figure 2. It can be seen that the solidification structure of the aluminum-silicon alloy added with the Al-V-B refiner has obvious differences, and the solidification structure of the latter is finer. After statistics using IPP software, it is found that the grain size of sample 1 without adding refiner is 3200 μm, and the grain size of sample 2 with Al-V-B aluminum-silicon alloy refiner is 450 μm, and the refinement effect is significantly improved.

Example 2

(1) Ingredients

The raw materials are industrial pure aluminum, industrial pure vanadium and industrial pure boron. According to the mass percentages of aluminum, vanadium and boron described in the aluminum-silicon alloy refiner, the raw materials are calculated and weighed, wherein aluminum is 20%, vanadium is 40%, Boron 40%;

(2) Melting

The aluminum, vanadium and boron prepared in step (1) are uniformly mixed, and then the uniformly mixed raw materials are wrapped in aluminum foil. Then put the packaged raw materials in the crucible of the electric arc melting furnace, and melt them under vacuum conditions at a melting temperature of 1800°C. The sample was repeatedly smelted 3 times, and the smelting time was 5 minutes each time. Then cool down with the furnace.

(3) Solidification

After the master alloy obtained in the step (2) is cooled to room temperature, the oxide skin on the surface is removed, and an anti-degeneration aluminum-silicon alloy refiner is obtained.

In the above preparation steps, the aluminum used to prepare the aluminum-silicon alloy refiner is 99.99% flaky industrial pure aluminum with a thickness of 0.3 mm, a length of 150 mm, and a width of 150 mm.

The vanadium used to prepare the aluminum-silicon alloy refiner is 99.9% granular industrial pure vanadium with a particle size of 300 mesh.

The boron used to prepare the aluminum-silicon alloy refiner is 99.9% granular industrial pure boron with a particle size of 300 mesh.

Example 3

(1) Ingredients

The raw materials are industrial pure aluminum, industrial pure vanadium and industrial pure boron. According to the mass percentages of aluminum, vanadium and boron described in the aluminum-silicon alloy refiner, the raw materials are calculated and weighed, wherein aluminum is 99.8%, vanadium is 0.1%, Boron 0.1%;

(2) Melting

The aluminum, vanadium and boron prepared in step (1) are uniformly mixed, and then the uniformly mixed raw materials are wrapped in aluminum foil. Then put the packaged raw materials in the crucible of the electric arc melting furnace, and melt them under vacuum conditions at a melting temperature of 1500°C. The sample was repeatedly smelted 3 times, and the smelting time was 5 minutes each time. Then cool down with the furnace.

(3) Solidification

After the master alloy obtained in the step (2) is cooled to room temperature, the oxide skin on the surface is removed, and an anti-degeneration aluminum-silicon alloy refiner is obtained.

In the above preparation steps, the aluminum used to prepare the aluminum-silicon alloy refiner is 99.99% flaky industrial pure aluminum with a thickness of 0.3 mm, a length of 150 mm, and a width of 150 mm.

The vanadium used to prepare the aluminum-silicon alloy refiner is 99.9% granular industrial pure vanadium with a particle size of 200 mesh.

The boron used to prepare the aluminum-silicon alloy refiner is 99.9% granular industrial pure boron with a particle size of 200 mesh.

Example 4

(1) Ingredients

The raw materials are industrial pure aluminum, industrial pure vanadium and industrial pure boron. According to the mass percentages of aluminum, vanadium and boron described in the aluminum-silicon alloy refiner, the raw materials are calculated and weighed, wherein aluminum is 60%, vanadium is 20%, Boron 20%;

(2) Melting

The aluminum, vanadium and boron prepared in step (1) are uniformly mixed, and then the uniformly mixed raw materials are wrapped in aluminum foil. Then put the packaged raw materials in the crucible of the electric arc melting furnace, and melt them under vacuum conditions at a melting temperature of 2000°C. The sample was repeatedly smelted 3 times, and the smelting time was 5 minutes each time. Then cool down with the furnace.

(3) Solidification

After the master alloy obtained in the step (2) is cooled to room temperature, the oxide skin on the surface is removed, and an anti-degeneration aluminum-silicon alloy refiner is obtained.

In the above preparation steps, the aluminum used to prepare the aluminum-silicon alloy refiner is 99.99% flaky industrial pure aluminum with a thickness of 0.3 mm, a length of 150 mm, and a width of 150 mm.

The vanadium used to prepare the aluminum-silicon alloy refiner is 99.9% granular industrial pure vanadium with a particle size of 500 mesh.

The boron used to prepare the aluminum-silicon alloy refiner is 99.9% granular industrial pure boron with a particle size of 500 mesh.

Example 5

(1) Ingredients

The raw materials are aluminum-vanadium alloy and potassium fluoroborate. Calculate and weigh the raw materials according to the mass percentages of aluminum, vanadium, and boron described in the aluminum-silicon alloy refiner, wherein aluminum is 99.8%, vanadium is 0.1%, and boron is 0.1%. ;

(2) Melting

Put the aluminum-vanadium alloy prepared in step (1) in a corundum crucible, then put the corundum crucible in a heat treatment furnace to heat, wait for the temperature of the furnace to rise to 700°C and keep it warm for 2 hours, then add the prepared potassium fluoroborate, and then put The temperature of the furnace was raised to 1000° C. for 5 hours, and the mixture was evenly stirred.

(3) casting and solidification

Deslagging the alloy liquid obtained in step (2) and casting it into an ingot, and removing the scale after cooling to room temperature to obtain an anti-degeneration aluminum-silicon alloy refiner.

In the above preparation steps, the aluminum-vanadium alloy used to prepare the aluminum-silicon alloy refiner is in block shape.

The molecular formula of the potassium fluoroborate used to prepare the aluminum-silicon alloy refiner is KBF ₄ .

Example 6

(1) Ingredients

The raw materials are aluminum-vanadium alloy and potassium fluoroborate. Calculate and weigh the raw materials according to the mass percentages of aluminum, vanadium, and boron described in the aluminum-silicon alloy refiner, including 20% aluminum, 40% vanadium, and 40% boron ;

(2) Melting

Put the aluminum vanadium alloy prepared in step (1) in a corundum crucible, then put the corundum crucible in a heat treatment furnace to heat, wait for the temperature of the furnace to rise to 900°C and keep it warm for 1 hour, then add the prepared potassium fluoroborate, and then put The temperature of the furnace was raised to 1200° C. for 2 hours, and the mixture was evenly stirred.

(3) casting and solidification

Deslagging the alloy liquid obtained in step (2) and casting it into an ingot, and removing the scale after cooling to room temperature to obtain an anti-degeneration aluminum-silicon alloy refiner.

In the above preparation steps, the aluminum-vanadium alloy used for preparing the aluminum-silicon alloy refiner is in block shape.

The molecular formula of the potassium fluoroborate used to prepare the aluminum-silicon alloy refiner is KBF ₄ .

Example 7

(1) Ingredients

The raw materials are aluminum-vanadium alloy and potassium fluoroborate, and the raw materials are calculated and weighed according to the mass percentages of aluminum, vanadium and boron described in the aluminum-silicon alloy refiner, wherein aluminum is 60%, vanadium is 20%, and boron is 20%;

(2) Melting

Put the aluminum-vanadium alloy prepared in step (1) in a corundum crucible, then put the corundum crucible in a heat treatment furnace to heat, wait for the temperature of the furnace to rise to 800°C and keep it warm for 1.5h, then add the prepared potassium fluoroborate, and then The temperature of the furnace was raised to 1100°C for 3.5 hours, and the mixture was evenly stirred.

(3) casting and solidification

Deslagging the alloy liquid obtained in step (2) and casting it into an ingot, and removing the scale after cooling to room temperature to obtain an anti-degeneration aluminum-silicon alloy refiner.

In the above preparation steps, the aluminum-vanadium alloy used to prepare the aluminum-silicon alloy refiner is in block shape.

The molecular formula of the potassium fluoroborate used to prepare the aluminum-silicon alloy refiner is KBF ₄ .

Example 8

(1) Ingredients

The raw materials are aluminum-boron alloy and ammonium metavanadate. According to the weight percentages of aluminum, vanadium and boron described in the above-mentioned aluminum-silicon alloy refiner, calculate and weigh the raw materials, wherein aluminum is 99.8%, vanadium is 0.1%, and boron is 0.1%. %;

(2) Melting

Put the aluminum-boron alloy prepared in step (1) in a corundum crucible, then put the corundum crucible in a heat treatment furnace to heat, wait for the temperature of the furnace to rise to 700°C and keep it warm for 2 hours, then add the prepared ammonium metavanadate, Raise the temperature to 1000°C and keep it warm for 5 hours, stirring evenly;

(3) casting and solidification

Deslagging the alloy liquid obtained in step (2) and casting it into an ingot, and removing scale after cooling to room temperature to obtain an anti-degeneration aluminum-silicon alloy refiner.

In the above preparation steps, the aluminum-boron alloy used to prepare the aluminum-silicon alloy refiner is in block shape.

The molecular formula of the ammonium metavanadate used for preparing the aluminum-silicon alloy refiner is NH ₄ VO ₃ .

Example 9

(1) Ingredients

The raw materials are aluminum-boron alloy and ammonium metavanadate. Calculate and weigh the raw materials according to the mass percentages of aluminum, vanadium and boron described in the above-mentioned aluminum-silicon alloy refiner, wherein aluminum is 20%, vanadium is 40%, boron 40%;

(2) Melting

Put the aluminum-boron alloy prepared in step (1) in a corundum crucible, then put the corundum crucible in a heat treatment furnace to heat, wait for the temperature of the furnace to rise to 900°C and keep it warm for 1 hour, then add the prepared ammonium metavanadate, Raise the temperature to 1200°C for 5 hours and stir evenly;

(3) casting and solidification

Deslagging the alloy liquid obtained in step (2) and casting it into an ingot, and removing scale after cooling to room temperature to obtain an anti-degeneration aluminum-silicon alloy refiner.

In the above preparation steps, the aluminum-boron alloy used to prepare the aluminum-silicon alloy refiner is in block shape.

The molecular formula of the ammonium metavanadate used for preparing the aluminum-silicon alloy refiner is NH ₄ VO ₃ .

Example 10

(1) Ingredients

The raw materials are aluminum-boron alloy and ammonium metavanadate. Calculate and weigh the raw materials according to the mass percentages of aluminum, vanadium and boron described in the above-mentioned aluminum-silicon alloy refiner, wherein aluminum is 60%, vanadium is 20%, boron 20%;

(2) Melting

Put the aluminum-boron alloy prepared in step (1) in a corundum crucible, then put the corundum crucible in a heat treatment furnace to heat, wait for the temperature of the furnace to rise to 900°C and keep it warm for 1 hour, then add the prepared ammonium metavanadate, Raise the temperature to 1200°C for 5 hours and stir evenly;

(3) casting and solidification

Deslagging the alloy liquid obtained in step (2) and casting it into an ingot, and removing scale after cooling to room temperature to obtain an anti-degeneration aluminum-silicon alloy refiner.

In the above preparation steps, the aluminum-boron alloy used to prepare the aluminum-silicon alloy refiner is in block shape.

The molecular formula of the ammonium metavanadate used for preparing the aluminum-silicon alloy refiner is NH ₄ VO ₃ .

Example 11

(1) Ingredients

The raw materials are aluminum-vanadium alloy and aluminum-boron alloy. Calculate and weigh the raw materials according to the mass percentages of aluminum, vanadium and boron described in the above-mentioned aluminum-silicon alloy refiner, wherein aluminum is 20%, vanadium is 40%, and boron is 40%. %;

(2) Melting

Put the aluminum-boron alloy and aluminum-vanadium alloy prepared in step (1) in a corundum crucible, then put the corundum crucible into a heat treatment furnace for heating, keep the temperature for 3 hours after the temperature of the furnace rises to 700°C, and stir evenly;

(3) casting and solidification

Deslagging the alloy liquid obtained in step (2) and casting it into an ingot, and removing the scale after cooling to room temperature to obtain an anti-degeneration aluminum-silicon alloy refiner.

In the above preparation steps, the aluminum-boron alloy used to prepare the aluminum-silicon alloy refiner is in the form of flakes.

The aluminum-vanadium alloy used for preparing the aluminum-silicon alloy refiner is in block shape.

Example 12

(1) Ingredients

The raw materials are aluminum-vanadium alloy and aluminum-boron alloy. According to the mass percentages of aluminum, vanadium and boron described in the above-mentioned aluminum-silicon alloy refiner, calculate and weigh the raw materials, wherein aluminum is 99.8%, vanadium is 0.1%, and boron is 0.1% %;

(2) Melting

Put the aluminum-boron alloy and aluminum-vanadium alloy prepared in step (1) in a corundum crucible, then put the corundum crucible into a heat treatment furnace to heat, keep the temperature for 1 hour after the furnace temperature rises to 900°C, and stir evenly;

(3) casting and solidification

Deslagging the alloy liquid obtained in step (2) and casting it into an ingot, and removing the scale after cooling to room temperature to obtain an anti-degeneration aluminum-silicon alloy refiner.

In the above preparation steps, the aluminum-boron alloy used to prepare the aluminum-silicon alloy refiner is in block shape.

The aluminum-vanadium alloy used for preparing the aluminum-silicon alloy refiner is in the form of flakes.

Example 13

(1) Ingredients

The raw materials are aluminum-vanadium alloy and aluminum-boron alloy. According to the mass percentages of aluminum, vanadium and boron described in the above-mentioned aluminum-silicon alloy refiner, calculate and weigh the raw materials, wherein aluminum is 60%, vanadium is 20%, and boron is 20%. %;

(2) Melting

Put the aluminum-boron alloy and aluminum-vanadium alloy prepared in step (1) in a corundum crucible, then put the corundum crucible into a heat treatment furnace for heating, keep the temperature for 2 hours after the temperature of the furnace rises to 800°C, and stir evenly;

(3) casting and solidification

Deslagging the alloy liquid obtained in step (2) and casting it into an ingot, and removing the scale after cooling to room temperature to obtain an anti-degeneration aluminum-silicon alloy refiner.

In the above preparation steps, the aluminum-boron alloy used to prepare the aluminum-silicon alloy refiner is in granular form.

The aluminum-vanadium alloy used for preparing the aluminum-silicon alloy refiner is in block shape.

Example 14

(1) Ingredients

The raw materials are industrial pure aluminum, potassium fluoroborate and ammonium metavanadate, and the raw materials are calculated and weighed according to the mass percentages of aluminum, vanadium and boron described in the above-mentioned aluminum-silicon alloy refiner, wherein aluminum is 99.8%, vanadium 0.1%, boron 0.1%;

(2) Melting

Put the industrially pure aluminum prepared in step (1) in a corundum crucible, keep it warm for 3 hours after the temperature rises to 700°C, then add a certain proportion of potassium fluoroborate and ammonium metavanadate, and then raise the furnace temperature to 1000°C ℃ for 5 hours, stirring evenly;

(3) casting and solidification

Deslagging the alloy liquid obtained in step (2) and casting it into an ingot, and removing the scale after cooling to room temperature to obtain an anti-degeneration aluminum-silicon alloy refiner.

In the above preparation steps, the industrially pure aluminum used to prepare the aluminum-silicon alloy refiner is in the form of flakes.

The molecular formula of the ammonium metavanadate used for preparing the aluminum-silicon alloy refiner is NH ₄ VO ₃ .

The molecular formula of the potassium fluoroborate used to prepare the aluminum-silicon alloy refiner is KBF ₄ .

Example 15

(1) Ingredients

The raw materials are industrial pure aluminum, potassium fluoroborate and ammonium metavanadate, and the raw materials are calculated and weighed according to the mass percentages of aluminum, vanadium and boron described in the above-mentioned aluminum-silicon alloy refiner, wherein aluminum is 20%, vanadium 40%, boron 40%;

(2) Melting

Put the industrially pure aluminum prepared in step (1) in a corundum crucible, keep it warm for 1 hour after the temperature rises to 900°C, then add a certain proportion of potassium fluoroborate and ammonium metavanadate, and then raise the furnace temperature to 1200°C ℃ for 2 hours, stirring evenly;

(3) casting and solidification

Deslagging the alloy liquid obtained in step (2) and casting it into an ingot, and removing the scale after cooling to room temperature to obtain an anti-degeneration aluminum-silicon alloy refiner.

In the above preparation steps, the industrially pure aluminum used to prepare the aluminum-silicon alloy refiner is in block form.

The molecular formula of the ammonium metavanadate used for preparing the aluminum-silicon alloy refiner is NH ₄ VO ₃ .

The molecular formula of the potassium fluoroborate used to prepare the aluminum-silicon alloy refiner is KBF ₄ .

Example 16

(1) Ingredients

The raw materials are industrial pure aluminum, potassium fluoroborate and ammonium metavanadate, and the raw materials are calculated and weighed according to the mass percentages of aluminum, vanadium and boron described in the above-mentioned aluminum-silicon alloy refiner, wherein aluminum is 60%, vanadium 20%, boron 20%;

(2) Melting

Put the industrially pure aluminum prepared in step (1) in a corundum crucible, keep it warm for 2 hours after the temperature rises to 800°C, then add a certain proportion of potassium fluoroborate and ammonium metavanadate, and then raise the furnace temperature to 1100°C ℃ for 3.5 hours, stirring evenly;

(3) casting and solidification

Deslagging the alloy liquid obtained in step (2) and casting it into an ingot, and removing the scale after cooling to room temperature to obtain an anti-degeneration aluminum-silicon alloy refiner.

In the above preparation steps, the industrially pure aluminum used to prepare the aluminum-silicon alloy refiner is granular, with an industrial purity of 99.99% and a mesh size of 300 mesh.

The molecular formula of the ammonium metavanadate used for preparing the aluminum-silicon alloy refiner is NH ₄ VO ₃ .

The molecular formula of the potassium fluoroborate used to prepare the aluminum-silicon alloy refiner is KBF ₄ .

Example 17

(1) Ingredients

The raw materials are industrial pure aluminum, industrial pure silicon and prepared Al-V-B refiner, and the raw materials are calculated and weighed according to a certain ratio, wherein industrial pure silicon: 13%, Al-V-B refiner: 2.5%, and the rest The quantity is industrial pure aluminum.

(2) Melting

Put the prepared pure aluminum in the crucible, then place the crucible in a muffle furnace to heat, wait for the temperature in the furnace to rise to 750°C and keep it warm for 0.8 hours, then add the prepared industrial pure silicon into the crucible, and heat it at 750°C Keep warm for 1.5 hours, and finally add a certain proportion of refiner into the crucible and keep warm for 2.5 hours.

(3) casting and solidification

The alloy liquid obtained in step (2) is cast into an ingot, and cooled to room temperature to obtain an aluminum-silicon alloy refined ingot.

In the above steps, the aluminum used to prepare the aluminum-silicon alloy is block industrial pure aluminum.

The silicon used to prepare the aluminum-silicon alloy is industrial pure silicon.

The crucible for containing the alloy liquid is a graphite crucible or a corundum crucible.

The Al-V-B refining agents obtained in Examples 2-16 were used to prepare silicon-aluminum alloys by the above method, and the obtained alloys were tested according to the method of Example 1, and the effect was basically the same as that of Example 1.

Example 18

(1) Ingredients

The raw materials are purchased industrial aluminum-silicon alloy (A356), Al-V-B refiner, and the raw materials are calculated and weighed according to a certain ratio, wherein the percentage content of aluminum-silicon alloy is: 95%, Al-V-B refiner The percentage content is: 5%.

(2) Melting

Put the industrial aluminum-silicon alloy in the crucible, then place the crucible in a muffle furnace to heat, wait for the temperature in the furnace to rise to 750°C and keep it warm for 0.8 hours, then add a certain proportion of Al-V-B refiner to the crucible and keep it warm for 2.5 Hour.

(3) casting and solidification

The alloy liquid obtained in step (2) is cast into an ingot or a casting, and cooled to room temperature to obtain a refined aluminum-silicon alloy ingot or casting.

In the above steps, the industrial aluminum-silicon alloy is in block shape.

The crucible for containing the alloy liquid is a graphite crucible or a corundum crucible.

The Al-V-B refining agent obtained in Example 2-16 was used to prepare silicon-aluminum alloys by the above method, and the obtained alloy was tested according to the method of Example 1, and the effect was basically the same as that of Example 1.

Example 19

(1) Ingredients

The raw materials are industrial pure aluminum, industrial pure silicon, aluminum-vanadium alloy and aluminum-boron alloy. The raw materials are calculated and weighed according to a certain proportion, of which industrial pure silicon: 13%, aluminum-vanadium alloy: 2.5%, aluminum-boron alloy: 2.5% , and the balance is industrial pure aluminum.

(2) Melting

Put the prepared pure aluminum in the crucible, then place the crucible in a muffle furnace to heat, wait for the temperature in the furnace to rise to 750°C and keep it warm for 0.8 hours, then add the prepared industrial pure silicon into the crucible, and heat it at 750°C Keep warm for 1.5 hours, and finally add a certain proportion of aluminum-vanadium alloy and aluminum-boron alloy into the crucible and keep warm for 2.5 hours.

(3) casting and solidification

The alloy liquid obtained in step (2) is cast into an ingot or die-cast into a casting, and cooled to room temperature to obtain a refined aluminum-silicon alloy ingot or casting.

In the above steps, the aluminum used to prepare the aluminum-silicon alloy is block industrial pure aluminum.

The crucible for containing the alloy liquid is a graphite crucible or a corundum crucible.

The silicon-aluminum alloy obtained above is tested according to the method of Example 1, and the effect is basically the same as that of Example 1.

Claims (9)

1. An anti-degeneration aluminum-silicon alloy refiner is characterized in that it is an intermediate alloy formed by three elements of aluminum, vanadium and boron, wherein the mass percent of each component is: aluminum 20～99.8%, Vanadium 0.1-40%, boron 0.1-40%. 2. the preparation method of the anti-degeneration aluminum-silicon alloy refining agent of claim 1, is characterized in that, this refining agent is made of aluminum, vanadium, boron, aluminum-vanadium alloy, aluminum-boron alloy, boron salt and vanadium Salt is prepared by melting and solidifying two or three components. 3. The preparation method of the anti-degeneration aluminum-silicon alloy refiner according to claim 2, characterized in that, the aluminum is rod-shaped, flake-shaped, block-shaped or granular industrial pure aluminum; the vanadium is granular Industrial pure vanadium with a particle size of 50-1000 mesh; the boron is granular industrial pure boron with a particle size of 50-1000 mesh; the aluminum-vanadium alloy is a rod-shaped, block-shaped, flake-shaped or granular industrial aluminum-vanadium master alloy, The aluminum-boron alloy is an industrial aluminum-boron master alloy in the form of rods, blocks, flakes or granules. 4. the preparation method of the anti-degeneration aluminum-silicon alloy refiner according to claim 2, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps: (1) Ingredients: calculate and weigh the raw materials according to the weight ratio; (2) Smelting: heat and keep the raw materials prepared in step (1) together, or add them successively, and heat and keep them at different temperatures; (3) Solidification: After the master alloy obtained by smelting in step (2) is cooled to room temperature, an anti-degeneration aluminum-silicon alloy refiner is obtained. 5. The method for preparing an anti-degeneration aluminum-silicon alloy refiner according to claim 4, characterized in that the heating temperature in step (2) ranges from 600°C to 3000°C, and the holding time is 0.1h ~24h. 6. The application of the refiner as claimed in claim 1 as a refiner for aluminum-silicon alloys. 7. The application according to claim 6, characterized in that, during application, the refiner is added after the finished aluminum-silicon alloy is melted, or added during the preparation of the aluminum-silicon alloy. 8. The application according to claim 6, characterized in that the adding method is: adding the prepared refiner in the form of a finished product or in the form of a raw material. 9. The application according to claim 6, characterized in that the content of vanadium in the aluminum-silicon alloy is controlled at 10-2000 ppm, and the content of boron in the aluminum-silicon alloy is controlled at 10-2000 ppm.