CN108738950A - The biological control method of random tarsonemid - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention provides a kind of biological control method of random tarsonemid, is to discharge the new small peaceful mite of Pasteur on fruit tree to be used as natural enemy, preys on the ovum of random tarsonemid, young mite, quiescent stage mite or at mite, progress control of insect.The present invention has stronger prey ability using the new small peaceful mite of Pasteur to random tarsonemid, biological control is carried out to random tarsonemid using Pasteur new small peaceful mite, Pesticide use amount can be greatly reduced, significantly improve fruit quality, not only meet the policy that national pesticide reduction uses, but also increase the income of orchard worker.

Description

Biological control methods of tarsus mites

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of biological control, in particular to a method for biological control of tarsus mites.

Background technique

Since the popularization of bagging technology, "bagged apple calyx depression black spot disease" has occurred in Gansu, Shaanxi, Liaoning, Shandong, Hebei, Yunnan and other places successively. The incidence rate is 5-6% for mild cases and 60% for severe cases % or even 90%, with an average of more than 20%. Caused great economic loss to fruit production and fruit grower. Tarsonemus confusus Ewing belongs to the subclass Acari, Acariformes, Tarsonemidae, tarsonemidae, genus Tarsonemus, and has been proven to be the causative factor of bagging apple black spot disease, widely distributed. around the world. Because tarsus tarsus mites enter the fruit bag after apple bagging, settle in the calyx of the fruit, and feed on the calyx depression, it has strong concealment and is difficult to control. In order to control the pest, a large number of pesticides have been applied many times , not only increased the cost of prevention and control, but also polluted the environment and brought potential safety hazards to the fruit.

Neoseiulus barkeri Hughes is a polyphagous predator, widely distributed all over the world, including most provinces and cities in my country.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a biological control method for tarsus spp.

Another object of the present invention is to provide the application of Neoseius pasterei in the prevention and treatment of tarsus mites.

In order to realize the object of the present invention, the present invention provides a kind of biological control method of tarsus mite, and it is to release Neoseius pasteurii on fruit trees as a natural enemy, and prey on eggs, larvae, and quiescent mite of tarsus mite or adult mites for pest control.

The present invention finds through experiments that Neoseius pasteruii alone feeds on the eggs, larvae, quiescent mites or adults of the tarsus mite within 24 hours, up to 40 grains, 50 heads, 32 heads and 36 of them showed a strong ability to prey on tarsus mites.

According to the biological control method of the parasitic mite provided by the present invention, the release index of Neoseius pasteurii: when the population base of the parasitic mite is ≤2 heads/louver, the release amount of Neoseius pasteuri is: the diameter of the trunk ≥ When 10cm, release according to release amount (head)=375+62.5×Φ, when trunk diameter＜10cm, release 500-1000 heads according to the crown size of every tree.

Among them, Φ is the diameter of the trunk, the measurement position is 10cm from the base of the trunk to the ground, and the unit is cm.

The fruit trees of the present invention include but not limited to apple trees. Predatory mites were released before apple bagging as described above. It can effectively prevent tarsal mites and reduce the occurrence of black spot disease.

Preferably, before releasing Neoseius pasteruii, according to the insect situation, the fruit trees harmed by the parasitic mite can be sprayed with low-toxic insecticide and acaricide.

The insecticide and acaricide are selected from at least one of mineral oil emulsion, imidacloprid, acetamiprid, mite, hexythiazox, spirodiclofen and the like.

The spraying concentration of the insecticide and acaricide is as follows: the mineral oil emulsion used alone is 200 times of dilution; Liquid or use according to the instructions; when mineral oil emulsion is mixed with imidacloprid or acetamiprid or mite dead net or hexymethoxone or spirofen, the mineral oil emulsion is 400-500 times dilution, and the rest is 1000-2000 times dilution Or use according to the instructions.

The invention also provides the application of Neoseiusi pasterei in preventing and treating the tarsus mite.

By virtue of the above technical solutions, the present invention has at least the following advantages and beneficial effects:

The present invention uses Neoseius pasteruii for the first time to carry out the biological control of the parasitic mite. Before bagging, when the population base of the parasitic mite is ≤2 heads/louver, it is only necessary to release Neoseius pasterii once a year It can effectively reduce the occurrence of black spot disease, and the diseased fruit rate can be controlled below 2%, which avoids the blind use of pesticides by fruit farmers several times, not only significantly improves the quality of fruits, ensures the safety of fruits, and increases the income of fruit farmers. The economic benefits are also in line with the national policy of reducing the use of pesticides and ensuring food safety, and have significant social and ecological benefits.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the selective predation effect of Neoseius pasterei on the parasitoid mite in Example 1 of the present invention.

Detailed ways

The following examples are used to illustrate the present invention, but are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Unless otherwise specified, the technical means used in the examples are conventional means well known to those skilled in the art, and the raw materials used are all commercially available products.

The biological control method (indoor test) of embodiment 1 disorder tarsus mite

1. Test materials

The natural enemy of the test, Neoseius pastereii, was collected from Changli County, Hebei Province, and was subcultured indoors with the acaroid mite as food. The tarsus mites were collected from apple trees in Changli County, Hebei Province.

Test chamber setup: The test chamber is composed of a lower plexiglass plate and an upper slide glass. The length, width and height of the plexiglass plate are 50mm, 25mm and 5mm respectively, and a round hole with a diameter of 16mm and a depth of 4mm is punched in the center of it to form a certain space; The lid prevents escape of the test worms. During the test, a drop of PDA medium was dripped into the small chamber to maintain the humidity in the small chamber, and the test insects were put in, covered with glass slides and clamped with long tail clips.

2. Test method

2.1 Predator selectivity test

In the same small room, 5 eggs, larvae, resting stages, and adults of the tarsus mite were picked, and then 1 adult female of Neoseius pasteruii who had been starved for 24 hours was inserted into the small room, and the observation was recorded after 24 hours The predation amount of Neoseius californica on different stages of Tetranychus cinnabarinus was repeated 20 times.

2.2 The daily predation amount of Neoseius pasteruii on each stage of the tarsus mite

Using a fine brush, 50 eggs, larvae, quiescent and adult females of the tarsus mites were respectively inserted into the test chamber, and then 1 Neoseiusiusis pasteriensis starved for 24 hours was inserted into the chamber. After 24 hours, the number of prey was observed and recorded, and each treatment was repeated 5 times.

3. Results and analysis

3.1 The preference of Neoseius pasteruii to different mite states of the tarsus mite

It can be seen from Figure 1 that in the case of the simultaneous existence of four mite states, Neoseiius pasteruii prefers to eat the larvae of M. tarsus most. It is 0.42a, which is significantly higher than other stages. Others are 0.23b for female adult mite, 0.19bc for resting stage, and 0.16c for egg.

3.2 Predatory functional response of Neoseius pasteruii to the tarsus mite

It can be seen from Table 1 that under non-selective conditions, Neoseiusius mite had a large amount of predation on each mite stage of M. tarsus. Under the conditions of this experiment, Neoseiusius mite alone ingested eggs, larvae, quiescent or adult mites of the tarsus mite within 24 hours, up to 40 grains, 50 heads, 32 heads and 36 heads, respectively. head, showing a strong ability to prey on tarsus mites.

Table 1 The predation amount of Neoseius pasteruii on each stage of P. tarsus mite

The above results indicated that Neoseius pasteruii can prey on various forms of A. tarsus mite, and the predation amount is relatively large, which can effectively control the population of A. tarsus mite.

The biological control method (field test) of embodiment 2 disorder tarsus mite

Select an apple orchard in Changli County where black spot disease often occurs, and 20 days before fruit tree bagging (May 18, 2017), choose to use a mixture of 400 times of mineral oil emulsion and 4000 times of spirodiclofen to spray the whole garden. The number of pest mites is reduced, and the use of pesticides after the release of natural enemies is avoided. Select 10 apple trees (the average diameter of the trunk is about 18cm) in the orchard, and on June 2, 2017, check the number of tarsus mite populations 5 days before bagging. If the number of tarsus mite populations is ≤2 per louver, 5 trees are randomly selected, and 1,500 Neoseius mites are released from each tree, and 5 trees are treated without any treatment. Fruits were checked for the occurrence of black spot disease when they were harvested. The results showed that the diseased fruit rate of fruit trees with black spot disease was 1.5% for the released Neoseius pastereii, while the diseased fruit rate of the unreleased fruit trees was as high as 15.5%. The occurrence of black spot disease.

Table 2 The field control effect of Neoseius pasteruii on the tarsus mite (black spot disease)

Test treatment Fruit rate of black spot disease (%) Release 1500 head/tree 1.5% control 15.5%

Although the present invention has been described in detail with general descriptions and specific embodiments above, it is obvious to those skilled in the art that some modifications or improvements can be made on the basis of the present invention. Therefore, the modifications or improvements made on the basis of not departing from the spirit of the present invention all belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (8)

1. the biological control method of random tarsonemid, which is characterized in that discharge the new small peaceful mite of Pasteur on fruit tree as natural enemy, predation The ovum of random tarsonemid, young mite, quiescent stage mite or at mite, carry out control of insect.

2. according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the release index of the new small peaceful mite of Pasteur：When random tarsonemid worm The burst size of mouthful radix≤2/blinds, the new small peaceful mite of Pasteur is：When trunk diameter >=10cm, according to release head number=375+ 62.5 × Φ is discharged；When trunk diameter < 10cm, according to the tree crown size of each tree, 500-1000 heads are discharged.

Wherein, Φ is trunk diameter, measure position be butt away from ground 10cm at, unit cm.

3. according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the fruit tree is apple tree.

4. according to the method described in claim 3, it is characterized in that, discharging the new small peaceful mite of Pasteur before Apple Bags.

5., can be according to insect pest situation elder generation according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterized in that, before the new small peaceful mite of release Pasteur The fruit tree endangered by random tarsonemid is sprayed with the Insecticidal and acaricidal agent of low toxicity.

6. according to the method described in claim 5, it is characterized in that, the Insecticidal and acaricidal agent is selected from mineral oil emulsion, pyrrole worm At least one of quinoline, Acetamiprid, mite dead net, Hexythiazox, Envidor.

7. according to the method described in claim 6, it is characterized in that, the spraying concentration of the Insecticidal and acaricidal agent is：Mineral oil breast It is 200 times of dilutions that agent, which is used alone,；It is 1000-2000 that imidacloprid, Acetamiprid, mite dead net, Hexythiazox, Envidor, which are used alone, Times dilution or by specification use；Mineral oil emulsion is mixed with imidacloprid or Acetamiprid or the dead net or Hexythiazox of mite or Envidor In use, mineral oil emulsion is 400-500 times of dilution, remaining is used for 1000-2000 times of dilution or by specification.

8. new application of the small peaceful mite in anti-eliminate-disorder tarsonemid of Pasteur.