Steel piston and forming method thereof
Technical Field
The invention mainly relates to the technical field of internal combustion engines, in particular to a steel piston and a forming method thereof.
Background
The piston is a key part when the emission of the diesel engine is upgraded, and the piston with a steel structure replaces the piston with an aluminum structure, so that the diesel engine can meet the emission requirements of the country VI and above. In recent years, all-steel pistons are widely applied to high-speed diesel engines, and are forged and formed, but the forging and forming process of all-steel pistons is difficult and high in cost, and meanwhile, annular internal cooling oil cavities arranged for reducing the temperatures of the piston heads and the ring grooves are poor in processing manufacturability, large in processing difficulty, low in efficiency and high in cost.
The prior art provides good thinking and methods for forming of steel pistons and machining of internal cooling oil ducts, and the technical schemes mainly have the following problems that firstly, the steel pistons are high in machining cost, secondly, the machining difficulty is high, thirdly, the technical reliability is insufficient, and the like, and particularly, the piston blank is high in production cost and has the common defect of various schemes. For example, the integral piston forming method disclosed in patent No. CN200480018072.3 has the disadvantages of high forging cost of blank, high difficulty in machining oil passages and low machining efficiency. The integral piston forming method related to patent number CN103124841A has the defects that the blank forging cost is high, welding flashes exist in an oil passage of a piston after friction welding, and oxide scale particles on the surfaces of the flashes are brought into lubricating oil after being repeatedly oscillated and impacted in the piston moving process, so that great risk is brought to the operation of a diesel engine. The integral piston forming method related to the patent number CN200880122140.9 has the defects that the blank forging cost is high, the thermal stress of the corresponding area of the piston top exhaust valve is large, and the laser welding seam has a larger failure risk than a non-welding area. The patent No. CN1685140A relates to a method for forming an integral piston, the piston is composed of an upper part and a lower part, the upper part of the piston comprises a ring rib, a concave cavity combustion chamber and a cooling channel, and a plurality of radial support ribs are arranged in the cooling channel; the lower part of the piston comprises a bearing rib with an annular and full-circular connecting surface, the bearing rib is connected to a piston pin boss, and after the upper part and the lower part of the piston are processed, the upper ring rib and the bearing rib at the lower part of the piston are connected in a non-detachable mode through welding or brazing; the method has the defects that the upper part and the lower part of the piston are relatively complex in structure and high in comprehensive forging cost, a possible welding method is friction welding according to a legend, welding flashes exist after the friction welding, and oxide scale particles on the surfaces of the flashes are likely to be peeled off in the piston moving process and fall into lubricating oil, so that great risk is brought to the operation of a diesel engine; if laser, electron beam welding, brazing and the like are adopted, the length of the piston can be increased and the weight of the piston can be increased under the influence of the arrangement of the welding seam.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide a steel piston which is low in manufacturing cost, easy to form and capable of improving the use reliability of a diesel engine and a forming method thereof.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the steel piston comprises a piston upper portion and a piston lower portion, wherein at least two upper sections which are symmetrically arranged at intervals are arranged at the bottom of the piston upper portion, lower sections corresponding to the upper sections are arranged at the top of the piston lower portion, and the upper sections are connected with the lower sections in a welded mode.
As a further improvement of the above technical solution:
the upper section and the lower section are arranged to be inclined planes or arc-shaped planes.
The bottom on piston upper portion is equipped with the pinhole section, go up the section setting and be equipped with down the pinhole section in last pinhole section open-ended both sides, the top of piston lower part is equipped with down the pinhole section, the section sets up in lower pinhole section open-ended both sides down, go up section and section welded connection down, and go up the pinhole section and close with lower pinhole section enclosure and form the pinhole.
Two upper sections at the same pin hole form a V-shaped structure, and two lower sections at the same pin hole form a V-shaped structure.
The piston is characterized in that a pin hole is formed in the lower portion of the piston, and the lower section of the piston is arranged at the top of the pin hole.
The upper section and the lower section are both arc-shaped surfaces.
The upper part of the piston is provided with an annular inner cooling oil duct, and the upper pin hole section is provided with an oil hole communicated with the annular inner cooling oil duct.
A forming method based on the steel piston comprises the following steps:
s1: blank forming: respectively forming a rough blank structure on the upper part and the lower part of the piston;
s2: processing an excircle: machining the excircle of the upper part of the piston and the excircle of the lower part of the piston;
s3: forming an oil cavity: machining the annular inner cooling oil duct, and sealing an opening of the annular inner cooling oil duct;
s4: forming an upper section and a lower section: machining to form an upper section and a lower section on the upper part and the lower part of the piston respectively;
s5: welding: correspondingly placing the upper section and the lower section of the upper part and the lower part of the piston, matching with the excircle of the piston, installing the upper part and the lower part of the piston in a welding fixture, and welding the upper part and the lower part of the piston together along the upper section and the lower section;
s6: post-welding treatment: and carrying out postweld heat treatment after welding to eliminate welding stress, meeting the mechanical property requirement of the piston, and processing other mechanical dimensions and surface treatment.
As a further improvement of the above technical solution:
in step S1, a blank structure of the lower portion of the piston is formed by forging or hot-extruding a seamless steel tube.
In step S1, a rough blank structure of the lower portion of the piston is cut and formed using a kidney-shaped seamless steel tube.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
the steel piston comprises a piston upper part and a piston lower part, wherein the bottom of the piston upper part is provided with at least two upper sections which are arranged symmetrically at intervals, the top of the piston lower part is provided with a lower section corresponding to the upper sections, and the upper sections are welded with the lower sections. In the structure, the bottom of the upper part of the piston is provided with at least two upper sections which are arranged symmetrically at intervals, the top of the lower part of the piston is provided with a lower section corresponding to the upper sections, and the upper sections are welded with the lower sections to form welding seams which are arranged symmetrically at intervals; the unique welding seam position and welding seam structure are beneficial to welding processing and positioning, the processing efficiency is improved, friction welding is not needed, friction flash is not generated, namely, oxide scale particles on the surface of the flash are not brought into lubricating oil after being repeatedly oscillated and impacted in the motion process of the piston, and the use reliability of the diesel engine is improved. The forming method based on the steel piston has the corresponding technical effects of the steel piston.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a front view structural schematic diagram of a steel piston of embodiment 1 of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic sectional view A-A of FIG. 1.
Fig. 3 is a schematic front view of the upper portion of the piston in embodiment 1 of the steel piston according to the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic top view of a steel piston of example 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a schematic sectional structure view of B-B of fig. 4.
Fig. 6 is a schematic front view of the lower portion of the piston in steel piston embodiment 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is a schematic top view of the lower portion of the piston in steel piston embodiment 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 8 is a front view structural schematic diagram of a steel piston of embodiment 2 of the invention.
Fig. 9 is a schematic cross-sectional structure view of C-C of fig. 8.
Fig. 10 is a schematic front view of the upper part of the piston in embodiment 2 of the steel piston of the present invention.
Fig. 11 is a schematic top view of a steel piston of example 2 of the present invention.
Fig. 12 is a schematic sectional view of fig. 11 taken along line D-D.
Fig. 13 is a front view schematically showing the structure of the lower portion of the piston in embodiment 2 of the steel piston of the present invention.
Fig. 14 is a schematic top view of the lower portion of a steel piston according to example 2 of the present invention.
FIG. 15 is a flow chart of a method of forming a steel piston in accordance with the present invention.
The reference numerals in the figures denote:
1. the upper part of the piston; 11. upper fracture surface; 12. an upper pin hole section; 121. an oil hole; 13. an annular internal cooling oil duct; 2. a piston lower part; 21. lower section; 22. a lower pin hole section; 3. a pin hole.
Detailed Description
The invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the drawings and specific examples.
Piston example 1:
fig. 1 to 7 show a first embodiment of the steel piston of the present invention, which comprises a piston upper part 1 and a piston lower part 2, wherein the bottom of the piston upper part 1 is provided with at least two upper sections 11 which are symmetrically arranged at intervals, the top of the piston lower part 2 is provided with a lower section 21 corresponding to the upper section 11, and the upper section 11 is welded with the lower section 21. In the structure, two pairs of upper sections 11 which are symmetrically arranged at intervals are arranged at the bottom of the upper part 1 of the piston, lower sections 21 corresponding to the upper sections 11 are arranged at the top of the lower part 2 of the piston, and the upper sections 11 are welded with the lower sections 21 to form welding seams which are symmetrically arranged at intervals; the unique welding seam position and welding seam structure are beneficial to welding processing and positioning, the processing efficiency is improved, friction welding is not needed, friction flash is not generated, namely, oxide scale particles on the surface of the flash are not brought into lubricating oil after being repeatedly oscillated and impacted in the motion process of the piston, and the use reliability of the diesel engine is improved.
In this embodiment, the upper section 11 and the lower section 21 are provided as inclined surfaces or arc-shaped surfaces. In this structure, the upper and lower sections 11 and 21 passing through the inclined or arc-shaped surface are positioned by welding.
In this embodiment, the bottom of the upper portion 1 of the piston is provided with an upper pin hole section 12, the upper section 11 is disposed on two sides of an opening of the upper pin hole section 12, the top of the lower portion 2 of the piston is provided with a lower pin hole section 22, the lower section 21 is disposed on two sides of an opening of the lower pin hole section 22, the upper section 11 is connected with the lower section 21 in a welding manner, and the upper pin hole section 12 and the lower pin hole section 22 are enclosed to form the pin hole 3. In the structure, the upper section 11 and the lower section 21 are arranged at the pin hole 3, so that the welding seam is arranged outside a main bearing area when the piston pin works, and the failure risk of the welding seam is reduced.
In this embodiment, two upper sections 11 of the same pin hole 3 form a V-shaped structure, and two lower sections 21 of the same pin hole 3 form a V-shaped structure. In the structure, the V-shaped welding seam structure is matched and positioned with the excircle of the upper part 1 of the piston and the excircle of the lower part 2 of the piston, welding processing is facilitated by means of special welding tools, the gap value of a welding joint is zero, the requirement of the welding joint is fully met, and welding quality is facilitated to be stabilized.
In this embodiment, the upper portion 1 of the piston is provided with an annular inner cooling oil duct 13, and the upper pin hole section 12 is provided with an oil hole 121 communicated with the annular inner cooling oil duct 13. In the structure, the oil hole 121 of the upper pin hole section 12 is communicated with the annular inner cooling oil duct 13, so that the cooling of the pin hole 3 and the piston pin is enhanced, and the risk of locking the piston pin in the pin hole 3 is reduced.
Piston example 2:
fig. 8 to 14 show a second embodiment of a steel piston according to the invention, which is substantially identical to embodiment 1, with the only difference that: in this embodiment, the piston lower portion 2 is provided with a pin hole 3, and the lower cross-section 21 is provided at the top of the pin hole 3. In the structure, the lower section 21 is arranged at the top of the pin hole 3, namely the upper section 11 and the lower section 21 are respectively provided with two welding seams which are arranged symmetrically at intervals, so that the upper part 1 and the lower part 2 of the piston are formed independently, the forging forming difficulty is reduced, and the processing cost is low; the unique welding seam position and welding seam structure are beneficial to welding processing and positioning, the processing efficiency is improved, friction welding is not needed, friction flash is not generated, namely, oxide scale particles on the surface of the flash are not brought into lubricating oil after being repeatedly oscillated and impacted in the motion process of the piston, and the use reliability of the diesel engine is improved.
In this embodiment, the upper section 11 and the lower section 21 are both arc-shaped surfaces. The upper and lower sections 11, 21 of the arcuate surfaces are positioned by a welding process.
Method example 1:
fig. 1 to 15 show a first embodiment of the steel piston forming method of the present invention, comprising the steps of:
s1: blank forming: respectively forming rough blank structures of the upper part 1 and the lower part 2 of the piston;
s2: processing an excircle: machining the excircle of the upper part 1 of the piston and the excircle of the lower part 2 of the piston;
s3: forming an oil cavity: machining the annular inner cooling oil duct 13, and sealing an opening of the annular inner cooling oil duct 13;
s4: forming the upper section 11 and the lower section 21: machining is adopted to respectively machine an upper section 11 and a lower section 21 on the upper part 1 and the lower part 2 of the piston;
s5: welding: correspondingly placing an upper section 11 and a lower section 21 of the upper part 1 and the lower part 2 of the piston, matching with the excircle of the piston, installing the upper part 1 and the lower part 2 of the piston in a welding fixture, and welding the upper part 1 and the lower part 2 of the piston together along the upper section 11 and the lower section 21;
s6: post-welding treatment: and carrying out postweld heat treatment after welding to eliminate welding stress, meeting the mechanical property requirement of the piston, and processing other mechanical dimensions and surface treatment.
By adopting the method, the welding seams which are symmetrically arranged at intervals can be realized, so that the upper part 1 and the lower part 2 of the piston are independently formed, the forging forming difficulty is reduced, and the processing cost is low; the unique welding seam position and welding seam structure are beneficial to welding processing and positioning, the processing efficiency is improved, friction welding is not needed, friction flash is not generated, namely, oxide scale particles on the surface of the flash are not brought into lubricating oil after being repeatedly oscillated and impacted in the motion process of the piston, and the use reliability of the diesel engine is improved.
In this embodiment, in step S1, the blank structure of the piston lower portion 2 is formed by forging or hot-extruding a seamless steel tube. The lower part 2 of the piston is of a special-shaped barrel structure, a high-quality seamless steel pipe is used as a formed blank, a rough blank structure of the lower part 2 of the piston is formed after forging or hot extrusion, and the blank manufacturing cost of the lower part 2 of the piston is low.
Method example 2:
a second embodiment of the method of forming a steel piston of the present invention, which is substantially the same as method embodiment 1, differs only in that: in this embodiment, in step S1, the blank structure of the piston lower portion 2 is cut and formed using a kidney-shaped seamless steel tube. The lower part 2 of the piston is of a special-shaped barrel-shaped structure, a high-quality seamless steel pipe is used as a formed blank, a rough blank structure of the lower part 2 of the piston can be directly formed by cutting, and the blank manufacturing cost of the lower part 2 of the piston is low.
Although the present invention has been described with reference to the preferred embodiments, it is not intended to be limited thereto. Those skilled in the art can make numerous possible variations and modifications to the present invention, or modify equivalent embodiments to equivalent variations, without departing from the scope of the invention, using the teachings disclosed above. Therefore, any simple modification, equivalent change and modification made to the above embodiments according to the technical spirit of the present invention should fall within the protection scope of the technical scheme of the present invention, unless the technical spirit of the present invention departs from the content of the technical scheme of the present invention.