CN108672671B - A kind of metal 3D printing equipment based on semi-solid forming technology - Google Patents
A kind of metal 3D printing equipment based on semi-solid forming technology Download PDFInfo
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- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 238000010146 3D printing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 238000010099 solid forming Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 89
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011229 interlayer Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000861 Mg alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910001094 6061 aluminium alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000149 argon plasma sintering Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000005674 electromagnetic induction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 2
- TVEXGJYMHHTVKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-3-en-7-one Chemical compound C1C2C(=O)OC1C=CC2 TVEXGJYMHHTVKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D17/00—Pressure die casting or injection die casting, i.e. casting in which the metal is forced into a mould under high pressure
- B22D17/007—Semi-solid pressure die casting
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D17/00—Pressure die casting or injection die casting, i.e. casting in which the metal is forced into a mould under high pressure
- B22D17/20—Accessories: Details
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y30/00—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
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Abstract
一种基于半固态成形技术的金属3D打印设备，包括基座，基座上方连接有机架，机架内部的基座上连接有真空箱，真空箱的底部连接三坐标工作平台，三坐标工作平台的上方设有挤压弯头，挤压弯头的侧方设有伺服压辊，伺服压辊连接在旋转圆盘上，旋转圆盘与真空箱上部形成具有气密性的旋转副连接；挤压弯头的上端通过螺纹和下挤压筒的底端连接，下挤压筒的上端和上挤压筒的下端连接，上挤压筒的顶端和液压缸连接，下挤压筒通过深沟推力球轴承与机架连接，下挤压筒中部法兰与旋转圆盘连接；通过挤压半固态金属实现3D打印，提高了作业效率，提高了组织的均匀与致密性，避免二次氧化的产生，减少了氧化物对于组织带来的负面影响。
A metal 3D printing device based on semi-solid forming technology, including a base, a frame is connected above the base, a vacuum box is connected to the base inside the frame, the bottom of the vacuum box is connected to a three-coordinate work platform, and three-coordinate work There is an extrusion elbow on the top of the platform, and a servo pressure roller on the side of the extrusion elbow. The servo pressure roller is connected to the rotating disc, and the rotating disc forms an air-tight rotary pair connection with the upper part of the vacuum box; The upper end of the extrusion elbow is connected to the bottom end of the lower extrusion barrel through threads, the upper end of the lower extrusion barrel is connected to the lower end of the upper extrusion barrel, the top end of the upper extrusion barrel is connected to the hydraulic cylinder, and the lower extrusion barrel passes through the deep The groove thrust ball bearing is connected to the frame, and the middle flange of the lower extrusion cylinder is connected to the rotating disc; 3D printing is realized by extruding semi-solid metal, which improves the working efficiency, improves the uniformity and compactness of the structure, and avoids secondary oxidation The production reduces the negative impact of oxides on the tissue.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及金属3D打印技术领域，具体涉及一种基于半固态成形技术的金属3D打印设备。The invention relates to the technical field of metal 3D printing, in particular to a metal 3D printing device based on semi-solid forming technology.
背景技术Background technique
目前，金属3D打印设备由激光发生器、送粉机构、冷却机构与工作平台组成，主要通过激光照射金属粉末，将金属粉末熔化，按照预定路线一层一层的堆积起来的方法制造零件。但是该种方法制造效率低、成本高，一般只适用于产品的试制，无法应用在大体积零件的批量生产当中；由于要将金属粉末熔化，必须通过激光发生器产生的高能激光加热才可实现，增加了设备能耗；同时打印出的金属微观组织分布不均匀，降低了零件疲劳性能。另一种金属3D打印设备通过熔化金属细丝再将熔融态金属粘接在一起的方式实现增材制造，这种设备缺点也十分明显，将金属加热至熔融态将消耗大量的能量，另一方面，熔融金属表面接触空气将会产生氧化皮，掺杂进打印的零件内部将影响成形零件性能。At present, metal 3D printing equipment consists of a laser generator, a powder feeding mechanism, a cooling mechanism, and a working platform. It mainly irradiates metal powder with laser light, melts the metal powder, and builds up parts layer by layer according to a predetermined route. However, this method has low manufacturing efficiency and high cost, and is generally only suitable for trial production of products, and cannot be applied to mass production of large-volume parts; since metal powder needs to be melted, it must be heated by high-energy laser generated by a laser generator. , which increases the energy consumption of the equipment; at the same time, the printed metal microstructure is unevenly distributed, which reduces the fatigue performance of the parts. Another kind of metal 3D printing equipment achieves additive manufacturing by melting metal filaments and then bonding molten metal together. On the one hand, the contact with air on the surface of the molten metal will produce oxide scales, and doping into the printed parts will affect the performance of the formed parts.
发明内容Contents of the invention
为了克服上述现有技术的缺点，本发明的目的在于提供了一种基于半固态成形技术的金属3D打印设备，通过挤压半固态金属实现3D打印，大大提高了作业效率；由于只需将坯料加热至半固态温度区间，相较于激光烧结节约了能源；坯料出口附近安放超声波振动辊轮，提高了组织的均匀与致密性；在真空箱内成形零件结合自带的脱皮系统可以使坯料在进入挤压筒下部时就已经脱去氧化皮同时避免二次氧化的产生，减少了氧化物对于组织带来的负面影响。In order to overcome the above-mentioned shortcomings of the prior art, the object of the present invention is to provide a metal 3D printing device based on semi-solid forming technology, which can realize 3D printing by extruding semi-solid metal, which greatly improves the working efficiency; Heating to a semi-solid temperature range saves energy compared to laser sintering; ultrasonic vibration rollers are placed near the billet exit to improve the uniformity and compactness of the structure; forming parts in a vacuum box combined with its own peeling system can make the billet in the vacuum box. When it enters the lower part of the extrusion barrel, the oxide scale has been removed while avoiding secondary oxidation, reducing the negative impact of oxides on the tissue.
为达到上述目的，本发明所采用技术方案为：In order to achieve the above object, the technical scheme adopted in the present invention is:
一种基于半固态成形技术的金属3D打印设备，包括基座8，基座8上方连接有机架6，基座8上连接有真空箱5，真空箱5的底部连接三坐标工作平台7，三坐标工作平台7的一侧设有挤压废料堆放台13，三坐标工作平台7的上方设有挤压弯头12，挤压弯头12的侧方设有伺服压辊9，伺服压辊9连接在旋转圆盘10上，旋转圆盘10与真空箱5上部形成具有气密性的旋转副连接；A metal 3D printing device based on semi-solid forming technology, including a base 8, a frame 6 is connected above the base 8, a vacuum box 5 is connected to the base 8, and a three-coordinate working platform 7 is connected to the bottom of the vacuum box 5, One side of the three-coordinate work platform 7 is provided with an extruded waste stacking platform 13, and an extrusion elbow 12 is provided above the three-coordinate work platform 7, and a servo press roller 9 is provided on the side of the extrusion elbow 12, and the servo press roller 9 is connected to the rotating disk 10, and the rotating disk 10 forms an airtight rotating pair connection with the upper part of the vacuum box 5;
所述的挤压弯头12的上端通过螺纹和下挤压筒4的底端连接，下挤压筒4的上端和上挤压筒2的下端连接，上挤压筒2的顶端和液压缸1连接，液压缸1的液压活塞在上挤压筒2、下挤压筒4的内腔做上下垂直运动；The upper end of the extrusion elbow 12 is connected to the bottom end of the lower extrusion barrel 4 by threads, the upper end of the lower extrusion barrel 4 is connected to the lower end of the upper extrusion barrel 2, and the top end of the upper extrusion barrel 2 is connected to the hydraulic cylinder 1 connection, the hydraulic piston of hydraulic cylinder 1 moves vertically up and down in the inner cavity of upper extrusion cylinder 2 and lower extrusion cylinder 4;
所述的下挤压筒4通过深沟推力球轴承15与机架6连接，下挤压筒4中部法兰与旋转圆盘10连接。The lower extrusion cylinder 4 is connected to the frame 6 through a deep groove thrust ball bearing 15 , and the middle flange of the lower extrusion cylinder 4 is connected to the rotating disk 10 .
所述的上挤压筒2通过连接片2-3与下挤压筒4上端相连，上下挤压筒连接处为径缩圆周槽2-2，在上挤压筒2的一侧开有连续进料口2-1；下挤压筒4靠近径缩圆周槽2-2处外侧连接有带轮4-2，带轮4-2通过传动带14与伺服电机11相连，伺服电机11固定在机架6上；带轮4-2下端与深沟推力球轴承15的上圈固接在一起，推力轴承15下圈与机架6固接在一起。The upper extrusion cylinder 2 is connected to the upper end of the lower extrusion cylinder 4 through the connecting piece 2-3. The feed port 2-1; the lower extruding cylinder 4 is connected with a pulley 4-2 on the outer side near the shrinking circumferential groove 2-2, and the pulley 4-2 is connected with the servo motor 11 through the transmission belt 14, and the servo motor 11 is fixed on the machine. On the frame 6; the lower end of the pulley 4-2 is affixed together with the upper ring of the deep groove thrust ball bearing 15, and the lower ring of the thrust bearing 15 is affixed with the frame 6.
所述的下挤压筒4下部与挤压弯头12的夹层中设有中频加热线圈4-1。An intermediate frequency heating coil 4-1 is arranged in the interlayer between the lower part of the lower extrusion cylinder 4 and the extrusion elbow 12.
所述的伺服压辊9包括压辊9-3，压辊9-3通过旋转副与超声波变幅杆9-2下端连接，可沿超声波变幅杆9-2高度方向自由滚动；超声波变幅杆上9-2上端与超声波发生器9-1下端固接在一起；超声波发生器9-1上端设有调节螺母9-4，超声波发生器9-1中部法兰与旋转圆盘10连接。The servo pressure roller 9 includes a pressure roller 9-3, the pressure roller 9-3 is connected to the lower end of the ultrasonic horn 9-2 through a rotating pair, and can freely roll along the height direction of the ultrasonic horn 9-2; The upper end of the rod 9-2 is fixedly connected with the lower end of the ultrasonic generator 9-1;
一种基于半固态成形技术的金属3D打印设备的打印方法，包括以下步骤：A printing method of metal 3D printing equipment based on semi-solid forming technology, comprising the following steps:
步骤1，将变形应变为0.2～0.6铝合金棒料利用电磁感应加热炉加热至半固态温度区间，保温5-20min，获得半固态坯料3，并将其迅速放入具有中频加热线圈4-1的上挤压筒2的连续进料口2-1内，挤压筒温度与半固态热处理温度一致，使半固态坯料3与上挤压筒2同心；Step 1, heat the aluminum alloy bar with a deformation strain of 0.2 to 0.6 using an electromagnetic induction heating furnace to a semi-solid temperature range, and keep it warm for 5-20 minutes to obtain a semi-solid billet 3, and quickly put it into a medium-frequency heating coil 4-1 In the continuous feeding port 2-1 of the upper extrusion cylinder 2, the temperature of the extrusion cylinder is consistent with the semi-solid heat treatment temperature, so that the semi-solid billet 3 is concentric with the upper extrusion cylinder 2;
步骤2，液压缸1液压活塞带动半固态坯料3向下移动，半固态坯料3通过径缩圆周槽2-2时，由于直径大于下端圆周直径，在挤压的过程中表面氧化皮被槽切去；Step 2: The hydraulic piston of the hydraulic cylinder 1 drives the semi-solid billet 3 to move downward. When the semi-solid billet 3 passes through the shrinking circumferential groove 2-2, since the diameter is larger than the diameter of the lower end circumference, the oxide skin on the surface is cut by the groove during the extrusion process. go;
步骤3，半固态坯料3去皮完成后立即在上挤压筒2的连续进料口放入新的半固态坯料3，实现连续挤压；Step 3, immediately after peeling the semi-solid billet 3, put a new semi-solid billet 3 into the continuous feeding port of the upper extrusion cylinder 2 to realize continuous extrusion;
步骤4，半固态坯料3在下挤压筒4中部由中频加热线圈4-1加热至半固态，最终由挤压弯头12挤出；Step 4, the semi-solid billet 3 is heated to a semi-solid state by the intermediate frequency heating coil 4-1 in the middle of the lower extrusion cylinder 4, and finally extruded by the extrusion elbow 12;
步骤5，挤压弯头12挤出的半固态坯料3附着在三坐标工作平台7或者前一层成形坯料上，再由压辊9压实半固态坯料3，同时利用超声波细化晶粒；Step 5, the semi-solid billet 3 extruded by the extrusion elbow 12 is attached to the three-coordinate working platform 7 or the previous layer of forming billet, and then the semi-solid billet 3 is compacted by the pressure roller 9, and the crystal grains are refined by ultrasonic waves;
步骤6，通过三坐标工作平台7的移动与上挤压筒2、下挤压筒4自身的旋转实现复杂零件的成形，协调液压缸1活塞的进给速度与压辊9的压下量，调节3D打印的单层厚度与宽度；Step 6, through the movement of the three-coordinate working platform 7 and the rotation of the upper extrusion cylinder 2 and the lower extrusion cylinder 4, the forming of complex parts is realized, and the feed speed of the hydraulic cylinder 1 piston and the reduction amount of the pressure roller 9 are coordinated. Adjust the thickness and width of a single layer of 3D printing;
步骤7，零件成形完毕后，打开真空箱5，将零件取出。Step 7, after the parts are formed, the vacuum box 5 is opened to take out the parts.
所述的半固态坯料3为铝合金或镁合金。The semi-solid blank 3 is aluminum alloy or magnesium alloy.
本发明的有益效果是通过使用半固态金属材料进行挤压与超声波振动相结合的方式，避免了传统金属3D打印技术的加热效率低、设备成本高、微观组织不均匀的缺点，其优点概括如下：通过挤压半固态金属实现3D打印，大大提高了作业效率；由于只需将坯料加热至半固态温度区间，相较于激光烧结节约了能源；坯料出口附近安放超声波振动辊轮，大大提高了组织的均匀与致密性；在真空箱内成形零件结合自带的脱皮系统可以使坯料在进入挤压筒下部时就已经脱去氧化皮同时避免二次氧化的产生，减少了氧化物对于组织带来的负面影响。The beneficial effect of the present invention is to avoid the disadvantages of low heating efficiency, high equipment cost, and uneven microstructure of traditional metal 3D printing technology by using semi-solid metal materials for extrusion and ultrasonic vibration. The advantages are summarized as follows : 3D printing is realized by extruding semi-solid metal, which greatly improves the working efficiency; since the billet only needs to be heated to the semi-solid temperature range, it saves energy compared with laser sintering; placing ultrasonic vibration rollers near the billet outlet greatly improves the The uniformity and compactness of the structure; the formed parts in the vacuum box combined with the built-in peeling system can make the billet peel off the scale when it enters the lower part of the extrusion cylinder and avoid secondary oxidation, reducing the impact of oxides on the tissue band. coming negative impact.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本发明的整体结构示意图。Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention.
图2为本发明挤压筒局部结构示意图。Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the partial structure of the extrusion barrel of the present invention.
图3为本发明超声波振动压辊局部结构示意图。Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the partial structure of the ultrasonic vibration pressing roller of the present invention.
图4为本发明径缩圆周槽2-2结构示意图。Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the radially reduced circumferential groove 2-2 of the present invention.
图5为本发明控制打印厚度与宽度示意图。Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of controlling printing thickness and width according to the present invention.
图6为本发明实施例的6061铝合金半固态坯料的微观组织。Fig. 6 is the microstructure of the 6061 aluminum alloy semi-solid billet of the embodiment of the present invention.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明作详细描述。The present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
参照图1，一种基于半固态成形技术的金属3D打印设备，包括基座8，基座8上方连接有机架6，机架6为C形机架，机架6通过4根螺钉与基座8相连；机架6内部的基座8上连接有真空箱5，真空箱5通过螺钉与基座8连接，真空箱5的底部通过螺栓连接三坐标工作平台7，三坐标工作平台7的一侧设有挤压废料堆放台13，三坐标工作平台7的上方设有挤压弯头12，挤压弯头12的侧方设有伺服压辊9，伺服压辊9连接在旋转圆盘10上，旋转圆盘10与真空箱5上部形成具有气密性的旋转副连接；Referring to Fig. 1, a metal 3D printing device based on semi-solid forming technology includes a base 8, a frame 6 is connected above the base 8, the frame 6 is a C-shaped frame, and the frame 6 is connected to the base through 4 screws. The base 8 is connected; the base 8 inside the frame 6 is connected with a vacuum box 5, the vacuum box 5 is connected with the base 8 through screws, the bottom of the vacuum box 5 is connected with the three-coordinate work platform 7 through bolts, and the three-coordinate work platform 7 One side is provided with an extrusion waste stacking table 13, an extrusion elbow 12 is provided above the three-coordinate working platform 7, and a servo pressure roller 9 is provided on the side of the extrusion elbow 12, and the servo pressure roller 9 is connected to the rotating disk 10, the rotating disc 10 is connected with the upper part of the vacuum box 5 to form an airtight rotating pair;
所述的挤压弯头12的上端通过螺纹和下挤压筒4的底端连接，下挤压筒4的上端和上挤压筒2的下端连接，上挤压筒2的顶端和液压缸1连接，液压缸1的液压活塞在上挤压筒2、下挤压筒4的内腔做上下垂直运动；The upper end of the extrusion elbow 12 is connected to the bottom end of the lower extrusion barrel 4 by threads, the upper end of the lower extrusion barrel 4 is connected to the lower end of the upper extrusion barrel 2, and the top end of the upper extrusion barrel 2 is connected to the hydraulic cylinder 1 connection, the hydraulic piston of hydraulic cylinder 1 moves vertically up and down in the inner cavity of upper extrusion cylinder 2 and lower extrusion cylinder 4;
所述的下挤压筒4通过深沟推力球轴承15与机架6连接，下挤压筒4中部法兰与旋转圆盘10通过螺栓连接。The lower extrusion barrel 4 is connected to the frame 6 through a deep groove thrust ball bearing 15, and the middle flange of the lower extrusion barrel 4 is connected to the rotating disk 10 by bolts.
参照图2和图4，所述的上挤压筒2通过连接片2-3与下挤压筒4上端相连，上下挤压筒连接处为径缩圆周槽2-2，在上挤压筒2的一侧开有连续进料口2-1；下挤压筒4靠近径缩圆周槽2-2处外侧连接有带轮4-2，带轮4-2通过传动带14与伺服电机11相连，伺服电机11通过螺栓固定在机架6上；带轮4-2下端与深沟推力球轴承15的上圈固接在一起，推力轴承15下圈与机架6固接在一起。Referring to Figure 2 and Figure 4, the upper extrusion cylinder 2 is connected to the upper end of the lower extrusion cylinder 4 through the connecting piece 2-3. There is a continuous feeding port 2-1 on one side of 2; a pulley 4-2 is connected to the outer side of the lower extruding cylinder 4 near the radially shrinking circumferential groove 2-2, and the pulley 4-2 is connected to the servo motor 11 through a transmission belt 14 , the servo motor 11 is fixed on the frame 6 by bolts;
所述的下挤压筒4下部与挤压弯头12的夹层中设有中频加热线圈4-1。An intermediate frequency heating coil 4-1 is arranged in the interlayer between the lower part of the lower extrusion barrel 4 and the extrusion elbow 12.
参照图3，所述的伺服压辊9包括压辊9-3，压辊9-3通过旋转副与超声波变幅杆9-2下端连接，可沿超声波变幅杆9-2高度方向自由滚动；超声波变幅杆上9-2上端与超声波发生器9-1下端固接在一起；超声波发生器9-1上端设有调节螺母9-4，超声波发生器9-1中部法兰与旋转圆盘10通过螺钉连接。Referring to Fig. 3, the servo pressure roller 9 includes a pressure roller 9-3, the pressure roller 9-3 is connected to the lower end of the ultrasonic horn 9-2 through a rotating pair, and can freely roll along the height direction of the ultrasonic horn 9-2 ; The upper end of the ultrasonic horn 9-2 is fixedly connected with the lower end of the ultrasonic generator 9-1; the upper end of the ultrasonic generator 9-1 is provided with an adjusting nut 9-4, and the middle flange of the ultrasonic generator 9-1 is connected The discs 10 are connected by screws.
下面结合实施例对本发明的打印方法作详细描述。The printing method of the present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with the embodiments.
一种基于半固态成形技术的金属3D打印设备的打印方法，包括以下步骤：A printing method of metal 3D printing equipment based on semi-solid forming technology, comprising the following steps:
步骤1，将变形应变为0.2～0.6的6061铝合金棒料利用电磁感应加热炉加热至579～658℃半固态温度区间，液相分数为0.15～0.45，并保温5～15min，将获得的球状晶粒平均等效直径为50～80μm的半固态坯料3迅速放入具有中频加热线圈4-1的上挤压筒2的连续进料口2-1内，挤压筒温度与半固态热处理温度一致，并使半固态坯料3与上挤压筒2同心；Step 1: Heat the 6061 aluminum alloy bar material with a deformation strain of 0.2 to 0.6 in an electromagnetic induction heating furnace to a semi-solid temperature range of 579 to 658°C, with a liquid phase fraction of 0.15 to 0.45, and keep it warm for 5 to 15 minutes. The semi-solid billet 3 with an average grain equivalent diameter of 50-80 μm is quickly put into the continuous feed port 2-1 of the upper extrusion cylinder 2 with an intermediate frequency heating coil 4-1, and the temperature of the extrusion cylinder and the semi-solid heat treatment temperature consistent, and make the semi-solid billet 3 concentric with the upper extrusion cylinder 2;
步骤2，液压缸1液压活塞带动坯料3向下移动，坯料3通过径缩圆周槽2-2时，由于直径(50mm)大于下端圆周直径(48mm)，在挤压的过程中表面氧化皮被槽切去1mm厚，达到去皮效果；In step 2, the hydraulic piston of hydraulic cylinder 1 drives the billet 3 to move downward. When the billet 3 passes through the radially shrinking circumferential groove 2-2, since the diameter (50mm) is larger than the diameter of the lower end circle (48mm), the oxide skin on the surface is destroyed during the extrusion process. The groove is cut to a thickness of 1mm to achieve the peeling effect;
步骤3，半固态坯料3去皮完成后立即在上挤压筒2的连续进料口放入新的半固态坯料3，实现连续挤压；Step 3, immediately after peeling the semi-solid billet 3, put a new semi-solid billet 3 into the continuous feeding port of the upper extrusion cylinder 2 to realize continuous extrusion;
步骤4，半固态坯料3在下挤压筒4中部由中频加热线圈4-1加热至半固态温度区间，最终由挤压弯头12挤出；Step 4, the semi-solid billet 3 is heated to the semi-solid temperature range by the intermediate frequency heating coil 4-1 in the middle of the lower extrusion cylinder 4, and finally extruded by the extrusion elbow 12;
步骤5，挤压弯头12挤出的半固态坯料3附着在三坐标工作平台7或者前一层成形坯料上，再由压辊9-3压实半固态坯料3，同时利用超声波细化晶粒；Step 5, the semi-solid billet 3 extruded by the extrusion elbow 12 is attached to the three-coordinate working platform 7 or the previous layer of forming billet, and then the semi-solid billet 3 is compacted by the pressure roller 9-3, and the crystal is refined by ultrasonic waves. grain;
步骤6，通过三坐标工作平台7的移动与上挤压筒2、下挤压筒4自身的旋转实现复杂零件的成形，协调液压缸1活塞的进给速度与伺服压辊9的压下量，调节3D打印的单层厚度与宽度，如图5所示，设压辊9-3距离工作台平面原距离为h1,此时挤压出的坯料3宽度方向尺寸为d1；通过将压辊9-3的位置下调Δh后，压辊9-3距离工作台平面距离为h2,挤出坯料3宽度将由由原来的d1变为d2，实现对打印宽度与厚度的控制，同时有效减少宽度方向折叠现象；Step 6, realize the forming of complex parts through the movement of the three-coordinate working platform 7 and the rotation of the upper extrusion cylinder 2 and the lower extrusion cylinder 4, and coordinate the feed speed of the piston of the hydraulic cylinder 1 and the reduction amount of the servo pressure roller 9 , adjust the single-layer thickness and width of 3D printing, as shown in Figure 5, set the pressure roller 9-3 from the original distance of the worktable plane to be h1, and the width direction dimension of the blank 3 extruded at this time is d1; After the position of 9-3 is lowered by Δh, the distance between the pressure roller 9-3 and the worktable plane is h2, and the width of the extruded billet 3 will change from the original d1 to d2, realizing the control of the printing width and thickness, and effectively reducing the width direction. folding phenomenon;
步骤7，零件成形完毕后，打开真空箱5，将零件取出。Step 7, after the parts are formed, the vacuum box 5 is opened to take out the parts.
参照图6，图6为本实施例的6061铝合金半固态坯料的微观组织，从图中可以看出，当坯料保温5min、液相分数为0.2～0.45时，半固态球状晶粒的平均等效直径随着液相分数的增加而增大，其平均等效直径为50μm～80μm。该结果表明，3D打印获得的半固态金属零件的微观组织为形态与尺寸均匀的球状晶粒，且尺寸细小。Referring to Fig. 6, Fig. 6 shows the microstructure of the 6061 aluminum alloy semi-solid billet of this embodiment. It can be seen from the figure that when the billet is kept warm for 5 minutes and the liquid phase fraction is 0.2-0.45, the average equivalent of semi-solid spherical grains The effective diameter increases with the increase of the liquid phase fraction, and its average equivalent diameter is 50 μm to 80 μm. The results show that the microstructure of the semi-solid metal parts obtained by 3D printing is spherical grains with uniform shape and size, and the size is small.
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