CN108649594B - A distributed energy storage system for low voltage distribution network - Google Patents
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 9
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- 102100027057 Ribosome biogenesis protein BMS1 homolog Human genes 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000011217 control strategy Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 abstract description 16
- 230000002457 bidirectional effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 8
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 6
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
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- 238000012983 electrochemical energy storage Methods 0.000 description 4
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
- H02J3/28—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy
- H02J3/32—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy using batteries with converting means
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
- H02J3/01—Arrangements for reducing harmonics or ripples
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
- H02J3/18—Arrangements for adjusting, eliminating or compensating reactive power in networks
- H02J3/1821—Arrangements for adjusting, eliminating or compensating reactive power in networks using shunt compensators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
- H02J3/24—Arrangements for preventing or reducing oscillations of power in networks
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
- H02J3/26—Arrangements for eliminating or reducing asymmetry in polyphase networks
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E40/00—Technologies for an efficient electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
- Y02E40/30—Reactive power compensation
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E40/00—Technologies for an efficient electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
- Y02E40/40—Arrangements for reducing harmonics
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E40/00—Technologies for an efficient electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
- Y02E40/50—Arrangements for eliminating or reducing asymmetry in polyphase networks
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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Abstract
本发明提出了一种用于低压配网的分布式储能系统，在传统三电平逆变器的基础上增加了三个双向功率开关S1、S2和S3，在所增加的元器件的基础上根据系统设计目标对新增的三个双向开关进行控制。本发明一种用于低压配网的分布式储能系统能够同时实现：谐波抑制、无功补偿、三相电压不平衡治理、中线电流治理、充电控制、放电控制等控制功能，以及现直流电池的冗余备用。
The present invention proposes a distributed energy storage system for low-voltage distribution network, which adds three bidirectional power switches S1, S2 and S3 on the basis of the traditional three-level inverter, and controls the three newly added bidirectional switches according to the system design objectives based on the added components. The distributed energy storage system for low-voltage distribution network of the present invention can simultaneously realize the following control functions: harmonic suppression, reactive power compensation, three-phase voltage imbalance control, neutral current control, charging control, discharging control, etc., as well as redundant backup of existing DC batteries.
Description
技术领域Technical Field
本发明涉及智能配网技术领域，特别是一种用于低压配网的分布式储能系统。The present invention relates to the technical field of intelligent distribution network, and in particular to a distributed energy storage system for a low-voltage distribution network.
背景技术Background technique
电能是现代社会中不可或缺的重要能源，在不同的领域中都得到了非常广泛的应用，这也使现代电网的承载非常严酷。随着现代工业技术的发展，电力系统中非线性负荷大量增加。各种非线性和时变性电子装置如逆变器、整流器以及各种开关电源等大规模的应用，导致的负面效应也日益明显。同时，随着分布式能源的快速发展，大量的分布式新能源接入配网。这些大量的分布式新能源以风、光等为代表，具有极强的波动性和不确定性。在新能源的实际应用中，大量的波动电源接入系统，对电网的稳定运行提出了较大的挑战，对电力调度等也提出了较高要求。并且由于配网无法实现全部的分布式发电的就地消纳，也造成大量的弃风弃光现象。提高分布式能源的利用效率、提高抵压配网的自动化水平、增强配网电能质量调控能力等，是现代化配网需要重点解决的问题。特别对于配网终端，由于供电半径较大，配网特别是农村配网的末端的电压波动、谐波、三相不平衡等问题较为严重。同时，随着我国人民生活水平的提高，末端用电设备也出现了较大的变化，特别是电动汽车的发展，对配网承受大功率负荷的能力也提出了较高的要求。Electric energy is an indispensable and important energy source in modern society. It has been widely used in different fields, which also makes the load of modern power grids very harsh. With the development of modern industrial technology, nonlinear loads in power systems have increased significantly. The large-scale application of various nonlinear and time-varying electronic devices such as inverters, rectifiers and various switching power supplies has led to increasingly obvious negative effects. At the same time, with the rapid development of distributed energy, a large number of distributed new energy sources have been connected to the distribution network. These large numbers of distributed new energy sources are represented by wind and light, which have extremely strong volatility and uncertainty. In the actual application of new energy, a large number of fluctuating power sources are connected to the system, which poses a great challenge to the stable operation of the power grid and also puts forward high requirements for power dispatching. In addition, since the distribution network cannot realize the on-site consumption of all distributed power generation, a large number of wind and light abandonment phenomena have also been caused. Improving the utilization efficiency of distributed energy, improving the automation level of the pressure distribution network, and enhancing the power quality control capability of the distribution network are the key issues that need to be solved in modern distribution networks. Especially for the distribution network terminal, due to the large power supply radius, the voltage fluctuation, harmonics, three-phase imbalance and other problems at the end of the distribution network, especially the rural distribution network, are more serious. At the same time, with the improvement of people's living standards in my country, terminal electrical equipment has also undergone major changes, especially the development of electric vehicles, which has also put forward higher requirements on the distribution network's ability to withstand high-power loads.
传统的储能系统采用包括PCS、电池及BMS系统。储能变流器(PCS)可控制蓄电池的充电和放电过程，进行交直流的变换，在无电网情况下可以直接为交流负荷供电。PCS由DC/AC双向变流器、控制单元等构成。PCS控制器通过通讯接收后台控制指令，根据功率指令的符号及大小控制变流器对电池进行充电或放电，实现对电网有功功率及无功功率的调节。PCS控制器通过CAN接口与BMS通讯，获取电池组状态信息，可实现对电池的保护性充放电，确保电池运行安全。储能变流器(PCS)可控制蓄电池的充电和放电过程，进行交直流的变换，在无电网情况下可以直接为交流负荷供电。PCS由DC/AC双向变流器、控制单元等构成。PCS控制器通过通讯接收后台控制指令，根据功率指令的符号及大小控制变流器对电池进行充电或放电，实现对电网有功功率及无功功率的调节。PCS控制器通过CAN接口与BMS通讯，获取电池组状态信息，可实现对电池的保护性充放电，确保电池运行安全。储能PCS主要用于电池的充电和放电控制，可以对电池的充电、放电电流、功率和电压控制，充电和放电工作模式也有恒压、恒流和恒功率工作模式。The traditional energy storage system adopts a system including PCS, battery and BMS. The energy storage converter (PCS) can control the charging and discharging process of the battery, perform AC-DC conversion, and directly supply power to the AC load in the absence of a power grid. The PCS consists of a DC/AC bidirectional converter, a control unit, etc. The PCS controller receives background control instructions through communication, and controls the converter to charge or discharge the battery according to the sign and size of the power instruction, thereby adjusting the active power and reactive power of the power grid. The PCS controller communicates with the BMS through the CAN interface to obtain battery pack status information, and can realize protective charging and discharging of the battery to ensure safe battery operation. The energy storage converter (PCS) can control the charging and discharging process of the battery, perform AC-DC conversion, and directly supply power to the AC load in the absence of a power grid. The PCS consists of a DC/AC bidirectional converter, a control unit, etc. The PCS controller receives background control instructions through communication, and controls the converter to charge or discharge the battery according to the sign and size of the power instruction, thereby adjusting the active power and reactive power of the power grid. The PCS controller communicates with the BMS through the CAN interface to obtain battery pack status information, which can realize protective charging and discharging of the battery to ensure safe battery operation. The energy storage PCS is mainly used for battery charging and discharging control. It can control the battery charging and discharging current, power and voltage. The charging and discharging working modes also have constant voltage, constant current and constant power working modes.
目前主流的储能技术包括物理类储能和电化学储能两类。物理类储能有：抽水蓄能、压缩空气、飞轮储能及超导储能、开放式循环气体涡轮等。电化学储能有：钠硫电池、钒电池、锂电池、铅酸电池等。其中，电化学储能技术由于具有建设周期短、运营成本低、对环境无影响等特点已经成为电网应用储能技术解决新能源接入的首选方案。新能源产业发展需求储能电池，发展新能源产业必须大力发展高安全、长寿命、高能量密度的储能电池。针对电网应用的储能电池要求大容量，市场上较多见的是锂离子电池、钠硫电池和液流电池技术。对电网储能应用，尤其是风力发电储能应用来说，全钒电池和钠硫电池是两种主要的已经被市场认可的商用技术。钒电池通过不同价态的钒离子相互转化实现电能的储存与释放。充电时，通过对电池的充电，将电能转化为化学能储存在不同价态的钒离子中；当发电装置不能满足额定输出功率时，电池开始放电，把储存的化学能转化为电能。钒电池的容量取决于电解液的存量，理论上来说，它的储液装置可以做得很大，而且只要不受污染，它的寿命会很长。钒电池的充、放电性能好，能够进行大功率的充电和放电，选址自由度大、占地少，可以很好地把太阳能和风能融入到住宅或者工业场所中。钒电池作为一种新型清洁能源存储装置，经过美国、日本、澳大利亚等国家的应用验证，凭借其大功率、长寿命、支持频繁大电流充放电、绿色无污染等明显技术优势，主要应用于再生能源并网发电、城市电网储能、远程供电、UPS系统、海岛应用等领域。在全球便携式储能电池市场，锂离子电池由于其在能量密度方面具有绝对优势而占据绝大部分份额。At present, the mainstream energy storage technologies include physical energy storage and electrochemical energy storage. Physical energy storage includes: pumped storage, compressed air, flywheel energy storage and superconducting energy storage, open cycle gas turbine, etc. Electrochemical energy storage includes: sodium sulfur battery, vanadium battery, lithium battery, lead acid battery, etc. Among them, electrochemical energy storage technology has become the preferred solution for grid application energy storage technology to solve the access of new energy due to its characteristics of short construction period, low operating cost and no impact on the environment. The development of new energy industry requires energy storage batteries. To develop new energy industry, it is necessary to vigorously develop energy storage batteries with high safety, long life and high energy density. Energy storage batteries for grid applications require large capacity. Lithium-ion batteries, sodium-sulfur batteries and flow battery technologies are more common in the market. For grid energy storage applications, especially wind power generation energy storage applications, all-vanadium batteries and sodium-sulfur batteries are two major commercial technologies that have been recognized by the market. Vanadium batteries store and release electrical energy through the mutual conversion of vanadium ions of different valence states. When charging, the battery is charged to convert electrical energy into chemical energy and store it in vanadium ions of different valence states; when the power generation device cannot meet the rated output power, the battery begins to discharge and convert the stored chemical energy into electrical energy. The capacity of the vanadium battery depends on the amount of electrolyte. Theoretically, its storage device can be made very large, and as long as it is not polluted, its life will be very long. The vanadium battery has good charging and discharging performance, can be charged and discharged at high power, has a large degree of freedom in site selection, and occupies a small area, which can well integrate solar energy and wind energy into residential or industrial sites. As a new type of clean energy storage device, vanadium battery has been verified by the United States, Japan, Australia and other countries. With its obvious technical advantages such as high power, long life, support for frequent high current charging and discharging, green and pollution-free, it is mainly used in renewable energy grid-connected power generation, urban power grid energy storage, remote power supply, UPS system, island application and other fields. In the global portable energy storage battery market, lithium-ion batteries occupy the vast majority of the market share due to their absolute advantage in energy density.
锂离子电池是最常见的电化学储能电池，手机、笔记本电脑的电池多为锂离子电池。高能效和电力容量上的优越性也让锂离子电池的市场扩大到交通领域。小型锂电池的研发和推广已经非常成功，但是，锂电池的大型化却是困难重重，面临造价高、运行温度高和易短路等问题。虽然在锂离子电池的研发方面已经取得了实质性进展，但是还需要很多工作来延长电池的使用寿命，还要提高电池使用时的安全性并降低材料成本。从锂电池的使用量来说，电动汽车产业应该远远高于风、光电产业，而且这一趋势会保持相当长的一段时间。虽然锂电池规模过大时，在能量控制上非常复杂，但是，国家电网在风光储输一体化项目招标中仍倾向于锂离子电池。Lithium-ion batteries are the most common electrochemical energy storage batteries. Most of the batteries in mobile phones and laptops are lithium-ion batteries. The advantages of high energy efficiency and power capacity have also expanded the market of lithium-ion batteries to the transportation field. The research and development and promotion of small lithium batteries have been very successful, but the large-scale lithium batteries are difficult, facing problems such as high cost, high operating temperature and easy short circuit. Although substantial progress has been made in the research and development of lithium-ion batteries, a lot of work is still needed to extend the service life of the battery, improve the safety of the battery during use and reduce the cost of materials. In terms of the use of lithium batteries, the electric vehicle industry should be far higher than the wind and photovoltaic industries, and this trend will continue for quite a long time. Although the energy control of lithium batteries is very complicated when the scale is too large, the State Grid still prefers lithium-ion batteries in the bidding of wind, light, storage and transmission integrated projects.
在风能、太阳能系统所使用的储能蓄电池中，铅酸蓄电池仍占据较多的份额，这主要是铅酸蓄电池充放电效率高、耐温性能好、容量大、安全性好、成本低。风能、太阳能发电装机容量将会以很快的速度发展，铅酸蓄电池是发电系统中的重要部件，也是离网系统不可替代的部件，因此蓄电池的需求量将会迅速增加。但是，由于众所周知的环保问题，铅酸电池正面临重整河山待后生的局面。铅碳电池是从传统的铅酸电池演进出来的技术，研究人员发现，增加一点碳，能够显著提高铅酸电池的寿命。作为太阳能和风能储能的后备选项，铅酸电池能量密度高，是个不错的选择。但是，铅碳电池的推广也面临着成本问题。Lead-acid batteries still occupy a large share of the energy storage batteries used in wind and solar energy systems. This is mainly because lead-acid batteries have high charging and discharging efficiency, good temperature resistance, large capacity, good safety and low cost. The installed capacity of wind and solar power generation will develop at a very fast rate. Lead-acid batteries are important components in power generation systems and irreplaceable components in off-grid systems. Therefore, the demand for batteries will increase rapidly. However, due to well-known environmental issues, lead-acid batteries are facing a situation of rebuilding their mountains and rivers and waiting for the future. Lead-carbon batteries are a technology evolved from traditional lead-acid batteries. Researchers have found that adding a little carbon can significantly increase the life of lead-acid batteries. As a backup option for solar and wind energy storage, lead-acid batteries have high energy density and are a good choice. However, the promotion of lead-carbon batteries also faces cost issues.
电池管理系统(BMS)的主要功能为：1)准确估测SOC。准确估测动力电池组的荷电状态(State of Charge，即SOC)，即电池剩余电量，保证SOC维持在合理的范围内，防止由于过充电或过放电对电池造成损伤，并随时显示混合动力汽车储能电池的剩余能量，即储能电池的荷电状态。(2)动态监测。在电池充放电过程中，实时采集电动汽车蓄电池组中的每块电池的端电压和温度、充放电电流及电池包总电压，防止电池发生过充电或过放电现象。同时能够及时给出电池状况，挑选出有问题的电池，保持整组电池运行的可靠性和高效性，使剩余电量估计模型的实现成为可能。除此以外，还要建立每块电池的使用历史档案，为进一步优化和开发新型电、充电器、电动机等提供资料，为离线分析系统故障提供依据。电池充放电的过程通常会采用精度更高、稳定性更好的电流传感器来进行实时检测，一般电流根据BMS的前端电流大小不同，来选择相应的传感器量程进行接近，以400A为例，通常采用开环原理，国内外的厂家均采用可以耐低温、高温、强震的JCE400-ASS电流传感器，选择传感器时需要满足精度高，响应时间快的特点。(3)电池间的均衡。即为单体电池均衡充电，使电池组中各个电池都达到均衡一致的状态。均衡技术是目前世界正在致力研究与开发的一项电池能量管理系统的关键技术。然而，现有的储能系统都具有无法参与电能质量控制的缺点。The main functions of the battery management system (BMS) are: 1) Accurately estimate the SOC. Accurately estimate the state of charge (SOC) of the power battery pack, that is, the remaining battery power, to ensure that the SOC is maintained within a reasonable range, to prevent damage to the battery due to overcharging or overdischarging, and to display the remaining energy of the hybrid vehicle energy storage battery at any time, that is, the state of charge of the energy storage battery. (2) Dynamic monitoring. During the battery charging and discharging process, the terminal voltage and temperature, charging and discharging current and total battery pack voltage of each battery in the electric vehicle battery pack are collected in real time to prevent the battery from being overcharged or overdischarged. At the same time, it can give the battery status in time, select the problematic battery, maintain the reliability and efficiency of the entire battery group, and make the realization of the remaining power estimation model possible. In addition, it is necessary to establish a usage history file for each battery to provide data for further optimization and development of new types of electricity, chargers, motors, etc., and provide a basis for offline analysis of system failures. The process of battery charging and discharging usually uses a current sensor with higher accuracy and better stability for real-time detection. Generally, the current is approached according to the size of the front-end current of the BMS. Taking 400A as an example, the open-loop principle is usually adopted. Domestic and foreign manufacturers use JCE400-ASS current sensors that can withstand low temperatures, high temperatures, and strong earthquakes. When selecting a sensor, it is necessary to meet the characteristics of high accuracy and fast response time. (3) Balance between batteries. That is, to charge the single cells evenly so that each battery in the battery pack reaches a balanced and consistent state. Balancing technology is a key technology of battery energy management system that the world is currently committed to researching and developing. However, existing energy storage systems have the disadvantage of being unable to participate in power quality control.
发明内容Summary of the invention
本发明提出了一种用于低压配网的分布式储能系统。The present invention proposes a distributed energy storage system for a low-voltage distribution network.
实现本发明的技术解决方案为：一种用于低压配网的分布式储能系统，其特征在于，包括三电平变流器、第一直流电容C1、第二直流电容C2、第一电池组B1、第二电池组B2、正电压侧功率开关S1、负电压侧功率开关S2、中性点侧功率开关SN、第一电池管理系统BMS1、第二电池管理系统BMS2、交流器控制系统以及充电切换控制系统，其中，所述三电平变流器的正电压端口P+分别与正电压侧功率开关S1的一端以及第一直流电容C1的一端连接，所述三电平变流器的负电压端口P-分别与负电压侧功率开关S2的一端以及第二直流电容C2的一端连接，所述第二直流电容C2的另一端与第一直流电容C1的另一端连接，所述三电平变流器的中性点端口N与第二直流电容C2的另一端连接，所述三电平变流器的中性点端口N同时与中性点侧功率开关SN的一端连接，所述正电压侧功率开关S1的另一端与第一电池组B1的正极连接，第一电池组B1的负极分别与中性点侧功率开关SN的另一端以及第二电池组B2的正极连接，所述第二电池组B2的负极与负电压侧功率开关S2的另一端连接，所述第一电池管理系统BMS1、第二电池管理系统BMS2分别采集第一电池组B1和第二电池组B2的电池状态传递给充电切换控制系统，所述充电切换控制系统将第一直流电容C1和第二直流电容C2两端的电压以及第一电池组B1和第二电池组B2的电池状态传递给变流器控制系统，所述变流器控制系统用于给出开关控制模式。The technical solution to implement the present invention is: a distributed energy storage system for a low-voltage distribution network, characterized in that it includes a three-level converter, a first DC capacitor C1, a second DC capacitor C2, a first battery group B1, a second battery group B2, a positive voltage side power switch S1, a negative voltage side power switch S2, a neutral point side power switch SN, a first battery management system BMS1, a second battery management system BMS2, an AC control system and a charging switching control system, wherein the positive voltage port P+ of the three-level converter is respectively connected to one end of the positive voltage side power switch S1 and one end of the first DC capacitor C1, the negative voltage port P- of the three-level converter is respectively connected to one end of the negative voltage side power switch S2 and one end of the second DC capacitor C2, the other end of the second DC capacitor C2 is connected to the other end of the first DC capacitor C1, and the neutral point port N of the three-level converter is respectively connected to one end of the negative voltage side power switch S2 and one end of the second DC capacitor C2, the other end of the second DC capacitor C2 is connected to the other end of the first DC capacitor C1, and the neutral point port N of the three-level converter is respectively connected to one end of the positive voltage side power switch S1 and one end of the first DC capacitor C2. The first battery management system BMS1 and the second battery management system BMS2 respectively collect the battery status of the first battery group B1 and the second battery group B2 and transmit them to the charging switching control system. The charging switching control system transmits the voltage across the first DC capacitor C1 and the second DC capacitor C2 and the battery status of the first battery group B1 and the second battery group B2 to the converter control system. The converter control system is used to provide a switch control mode.
本发明与现有技术相比，其显著优点为：(1)实现了电池的冗余控制。在两组电池组中，如有一组电池发生故障，将该组电池组与系统分开，实现另外一组电池组和系统的正常工作。系统的稳定性和可靠性得到大幅度提升。(2)降低了系统设计难度，提高了系统灵活性。在本发明中，实现了用单组电池组的电压就可以降低到系统交流电压最高值的(1.1～1.3)/2，提高了系统的灵活性。(3)在电池组B1和电池组B2与直流电容的连接处增加了三个功率开关，这三个功率开关能够根据系统功能需求、电池的电压平衡策略、安全保护等几个层面来设计控制策略。Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following significant advantages: (1) Redundant control of batteries is achieved. If one of the two battery packs fails, the battery pack is separated from the system to enable the other battery pack and the system to operate normally. The stability and reliability of the system are greatly improved. (2) The difficulty of system design is reduced and the flexibility of the system is improved. In the present invention, the voltage of a single battery pack can be reduced to (1.1 to 1.3)/2 of the maximum value of the system AC voltage, thereby improving the flexibility of the system. (3) Three power switches are added at the connection between battery pack B1 and battery pack B2 and the DC capacitor. These three power switches can be used to design control strategies based on system functional requirements, battery voltage balancing strategies, safety protection and other aspects.
下面结合附图对本发明做进一步详细的描述。The present invention is described in further detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
附图说明BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
图1为本发明一种用于低压配网的分布式储能系统的示意图。FIG1 is a schematic diagram of a distributed energy storage system for a low-voltage distribution network according to the present invention.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
结合图1所示，本发明的用于低压配网的分布式储能系统，安装于配网变压器的低压侧或者用户的用电设备附近。采用的是低压并联接入系统，接入电压为400V。通过增加这三个功率开关实现多种控制模式，在保证系统工作性能的同时提高电池、电容等储能元器件的利用效率和使用寿命。本发明用于低压配网的分布式储能系统的具体结构为：As shown in FIG1 , the distributed energy storage system for low-voltage distribution network of the present invention is installed on the low-voltage side of the distribution network transformer or near the user's electrical equipment. A low-voltage parallel access system is adopted, and the access voltage is 400V. By adding these three power switches, a variety of control modes are realized, while ensuring the working performance of the system, the utilization efficiency and service life of energy storage components such as batteries and capacitors are improved. The specific structure of the distributed energy storage system for low-voltage distribution network of the present invention is:
三电平变流器的正电压端口P+分别与正电压侧功率开关S1的一端以及第一直流电容C1的一端连接，所述三电平变流器的负电压端口P-分别与负电压侧功率开关S2的一端以及第二直流电容C2的一端连接，所述第二直流电容C2的另一端与第一直流电容C1的另一端连接，所述三电平变流器的中性点端口N与第二直流电容C2的另一端连接，所述三电平变流器的中性点端口N同时与中性点侧功率开关SN的一端连接，所述正电压侧功率开关S1的另一端与第一电池组B1的正极连接，第一电池组B1的负极分别与中性点侧功率开关SN的另一端以及第二电池组B2的正极连接，所述第二电池组B2的负极与负电压侧功率开关S2的另一端连接，所述第一电池管理系统BMS1、第二电池管理系统BMS2分别采集第一电池组B1和第二电池组B2的电池状态传递给充电切换控制系统，所述充电切换控制系统将第一直流电容C1和第二直流电容C2两端的电压以及第一电池组B1和第二电池组B2的电池状态传递给变流器控制系统，所述变流器控制系统用于给出开关控制模式。The positive voltage port P+ of the three-level converter is respectively connected to one end of the positive voltage side power switch S1 and one end of the first DC capacitor C1, the negative voltage port P- of the three-level converter is respectively connected to one end of the negative voltage side power switch S2 and one end of the second DC capacitor C2, the other end of the second DC capacitor C2 is connected to the other end of the first DC capacitor C1, the neutral point port N of the three-level converter is connected to the other end of the second DC capacitor C2, and the neutral point port N of the three-level converter is also connected to one end of the neutral point side power switch SN, the other end of the positive voltage side power switch S1 is connected to the positive electrode of the first battery pack B1, and the The negative electrode of a battery group B1 is respectively connected to the other end of the neutral point side power switch SN and the positive electrode of the second battery group B2, and the negative electrode of the second battery group B2 is connected to the other end of the negative voltage side power switch S2. The first battery management system BMS1 and the second battery management system BMS2 respectively collect the battery status of the first battery group B1 and the second battery group B2 and transmit them to the charging switching control system. The charging switching control system transmits the voltage across the first DC capacitor C1 and the second DC capacitor C2 and the battery status of the first battery group B1 and the second battery group B2 to the converter control system, and the converter control system is used to give a switch control mode.
本发明通过变流器控制系统给出开关控制模式，通过对各个功率开关的不同组合控制，实现四种工作模式，具体工作模式为：The present invention provides a switch control mode through a converter control system, and realizes four working modes by controlling different combinations of each power switch. The specific working modes are:
1、工作模式1：正电压侧功率开关S1、负电压侧功率开关S2、中性点侧功率开关SN同时处于断开状态。1. Working mode 1: the positive voltage side power switch S1, the negative voltage side power switch S2, and the neutral point side power switch SN are all in the off state.
此时的第一电池组B1与第二电池组B2处于完全的隔离状态，即三电平变流器的工作与电池组的充放电完全的隔离。三电平变流器的直流电压与电池组的电压不发生任何关联关系。因此，在这种状体下三电平变流器与直流电容构成了传统的并联的补偿设备，实现电网的无功补偿、谐波抑制、电压波动治理、三相不平衡治理等功能。At this time, the first battery pack B1 and the second battery pack B2 are in a completely isolated state, that is, the operation of the three-level converter is completely isolated from the charging and discharging of the battery pack. The DC voltage of the three-level converter has no correlation with the voltage of the battery pack. Therefore, in this state, the three-level converter and the DC capacitor constitute a traditional parallel compensation device, realizing the functions of reactive power compensation, harmonic suppression, voltage fluctuation control, and three-phase imbalance control of the power grid.
2、工作模式2：正电压侧功率开关S1和负电压侧功率开关S2闭合，中性点侧功率开关SN断开。2. Working mode 2: The positive voltage side power switch S1 and the negative voltage side power switch S2 are closed, and the neutral point side power switch SN is disconnected.
此时的第一电池组B1与第二电池组B2处于串联状态，并与第一直流电容C1和第二直流电容C2并联在一起，支撑直流电压。在这种工作模式下，直流电容两端的电压与第一电池组B1和第二电池组B2的电压和相等。本实施例中的直流电容和变流器为三电平的典型结构，直流电容由电容器组C1和电容器组C2串联而成，中性点N直接连接于三相逆变桥的中性点，该结构在交流侧产生三个不同的电平输出。特别对于中性点承担着三倍于A/B/C相线的电流，因此对于电容器组而言需要承受着流经同样的电流，为了避免这么大的电流流经电池组，影响电池的寿命，所以采用该工作模式。At this time, the first battery pack B1 and the second battery pack B2 are in series connection, and are connected in parallel with the first DC capacitor C1 and the second DC capacitor C2 to support the DC voltage. In this working mode, the voltage across the DC capacitor is equal to the sum of the voltages of the first battery pack B1 and the second battery pack B2. The DC capacitor and converter in this embodiment are typical three-level structures. The DC capacitor is composed of a capacitor group C1 and a capacitor group C2 in series, and the neutral point N is directly connected to the neutral point of the three-phase inverter bridge. This structure produces three different levels of output on the AC side. In particular, the neutral point bears three times the current of the A/B/C phase line, so the capacitor group needs to bear the same current. In order to avoid such a large current flowing through the battery pack and affecting the battery life, this working mode is adopted.
3、工作模式3：正电压侧功率开关S1和中性点侧功率开关SN闭合(导通)状态，负电压侧功率开关S2断开。3. Working mode 3: The positive voltage side power switch S1 and the neutral point side power switch SN are closed (conducting), and the negative voltage side power switch S2 is disconnected.
本工作模式下，第一电池组B1与第一直流电容C1和第二直流电容C2并联，第二电池组B2的正极第一电池组B1的负极连接，但是第二电池组B2的负极处于断开状态，因此电池组B2处于悬空状态。本工作模式下，通过控制第一直流电容C1两端的电压，对第一电池组B1进行充电或者放电。In this working mode, the first battery pack B1 is connected in parallel with the first DC capacitor C1 and the second DC capacitor C2, and the positive electrode of the second battery pack B2 is connected to the negative electrode of the first battery pack B1, but the negative electrode of the second battery pack B2 is disconnected, so the battery pack B2 is in a suspended state. In this working mode, the first battery pack B1 is charged or discharged by controlling the voltage across the first DC capacitor C1.
4、工作模式4：负电压侧功率开关S2和中性点侧功率开关SN闭合，正电压侧功率开关S1断开。4. Working mode 4: the negative voltage side power switch S2 and the neutral point side power switch SN are closed, and the positive voltage side power switch S1 is open.
本工作模式下，第二电池组B2与第二直流电容C2并联，第一电池组B1的负极与第二电池组B2的正极连接，第一电池组B1的正极处于断开状态，因此电池组B1处于悬空状态。本工作模式下，通过控制第二直流电容C2两端的电压，对第二电池组B2进行充电或者放电。In this working mode, the second battery pack B2 is connected in parallel with the second DC capacitor C2, the negative electrode of the first battery pack B1 is connected to the positive electrode of the second battery pack B2, and the positive electrode of the first battery pack B1 is disconnected, so the battery pack B1 is in a suspended state. In this working mode, the second battery pack B2 is charged or discharged by controlling the voltage across the second DC capacitor C2.
工作模式3和工作模式4，分别控制第一电池组B1和第二电池组B2工作，因此第一电池组B1和第二电池组B2互为备用，当第一电池组B1出现故障时，采用工作模式4；反之，当第二电池组B2出现故障时，采用工作模式3。因而，本发明的用于低压配网的分布式储能系统对电池组故障具有了冗余备用功能。Working mode 3 and working mode 4 control the first battery group B1 and the second battery group B2 to work respectively, so the first battery group B1 and the second battery group B2 are backup for each other. When the first battery group B1 fails, working mode 4 is adopted; conversely, when the second battery group B2 fails, working mode 3 is adopted. Therefore, the distributed energy storage system for low-voltage distribution network of the present invention has a redundant backup function for battery group failure.
本发明的用于低压配网的分布式储能系统通过变流器控制模块实时监测电网中的无功、谐波以及三相不平衡量等信息，并与目标值进行比较后，将差值作采用SPWM方式生成逆变桥的控制命令。The distributed energy storage system for low-voltage distribution network of the present invention monitors the reactive power, harmonics and three-phase unbalance information in the power grid in real time through the converter control module, and after comparing with the target value, uses the difference as a control command to generate an inverter bridge in an SPWM manner.
变流器控制系统用于给出开关控制模式的具体方法为：The specific method used by the converter control system to give the switch control mode is:
步骤1、采集接入交流母线的负荷电流Il或分布式储能系统侧的电流Is以及接入交流母线接入点的电压Us；Step 1: Collect the load current I1 connected to the AC bus or the current Is on the distributed energy storage system side and the voltage Us at the access point of the AC bus;
步骤2、根据采集的负荷电流Il或系统侧的电流Is以及接入点的电压Us基于瞬时无功理论实时计算出负载或系统中的谐波电流、无功电流、三相电压不平衡分量、有功需求分量及波动量；Step 2: Calculate the harmonic current, reactive current, three-phase voltage unbalanced component, active demand component and fluctuation in the load or system in real time based on the collected load current I1 or the current Is on the system side and the voltage Us at the access point based on the instantaneous reactive power theory;
步骤3、将步骤2中检测的数据分别与设置的参考目标值比较，将比较差值作为控制的参考量，当控制目标设定为包含有功补偿时，正电压侧功率开关S1和负电压侧功率开关S2闭合，中性点侧功率开关SN断开，并且逆变器控制系统利用传统的SPWM控制策略，根据控制参考量生成实时的三电平逆变器功率开关控制信号；同时实时检测第一电池组B1、第二电池组B2的状态，当第一电池组B1和第二电池组B2均无法正常工作时，进入工作模式1；当第一电池组B1故障，第二电池组B2正常工作时，进入工作模式4；当第一电池组B1正常工作，第二电池组B2故障时，进入工作模式3。Step 3, compare the data detected in step 2 with the set reference target values respectively, and use the comparison difference as the reference value for control. When the control target is set to include active power compensation, the positive voltage side power switch S1 and the negative voltage side power switch S2 are closed, the neutral point side power switch SN is disconnected, and the inverter control system uses the traditional SPWM control strategy to generate a real-time three-level inverter power switch control signal according to the control reference value; at the same time, the status of the first battery pack B1 and the second battery pack B2 are detected in real time. When both the first battery pack B1 and the second battery pack B2 cannot work normally, enter working mode 1; when the first battery pack B1 fails and the second battery pack B2 works normally, enter working mode 4; when the first battery pack B1 works normally and the second battery pack B2 fails, enter working mode 3.
本发明通过增加三个功率开关实现了多种控制模式，在保证系统工作性能的同时提高电池、电容等储能元器件的利用效率和使用寿命。The present invention realizes multiple control modes by adding three power switches, thereby improving the utilization efficiency and service life of energy storage components such as batteries and capacitors while ensuring the working performance of the system.
本发明一种用于低压配网的分布式储能系统的工作过程为：The working process of a distributed energy storage system for a low voltage distribution network of the present invention is as follows:
用于低压配网的分布式储能系统在开机后，首先通过三电平变流器进行预充电控制。此预充电控制采用小电流将直流电容器C1和C2的电压和充至与电池组B1和电池组B2相等的状态，这个过程首先要通过BMS(电池管理系统)1和BMS2将电池电压反馈给变流器控制系统，变流器控制系统实时检测电容器组C1和电容器组C2的电压，在满足电容器组C1和电容器组C2的电压和与电池组B1和电池组B2的电压和时，就控制S1和S2闭合。此时，系统进入工作模式2。After the distributed energy storage system for low-voltage distribution network is turned on, it is first pre-charged through the three-level converter. This pre-charge control uses a small current to charge the voltage of DC capacitors C1 and C2 to a state equal to that of battery pack B1 and battery pack B2. This process first needs to feed back the battery voltage to the converter control system through BMS (battery management system) 1 and BMS2. The converter control system detects the voltage of capacitor group C1 and capacitor group C2 in real time. When the voltage of capacitor group C1 and capacitor group C2 meets the voltage of battery pack B1 and battery pack B2, it controls S1 and S2 to close. At this time, the system enters working mode 2.
用于低压配网的分布式储能系统通过检测电网的无功、谐波或者三相不平坦分量，将这些分量与设定的目标值进行比较，比较后的差值用于控制用于低压配网的分布式储能系统产生响应的补偿分量，也可以将上述分量进行灵活的组合。同时，用于低压配网的分布式储能系统可以接受上级控制系统、人工设定或按照一定的规律产生的有功分量，将该有功分量叠加到变流器控制系统中的电压环节，通过电压环控制系统进行充电或放电，其充电或放电功率均可以实现可控。The distributed energy storage system for low-voltage distribution network detects the reactive power, harmonic or three-phase uneven components of the power grid, compares these components with the set target values, and the difference after comparison is used to control the distributed energy storage system for low-voltage distribution network to generate a responsive compensation component, and the above components can also be flexibly combined. At the same time, the distributed energy storage system for low-voltage distribution network can accept the active component generated by the upper control system, manual setting or according to a certain rule, and superimpose the active component on the voltage link in the converter control system, and charge or discharge through the voltage loop control system, and its charging or discharging power can be controlled.
实时检测第一电池组B1、第二电池组B2的状态，当第一电池组B1和第二电池组B2均无法正常工作时，进入工作模式1；当第一电池组B1故障，第二电池组B2正常工作时，进入工作模式4；当第一电池组B1正常工作，第二电池组B2故障时，进入工作模式3。本发明设置了两组电池管理系统BMS1和BMS2，分别用于检测第一电池组B1和第二电池组B2的电池状态，其中如果出现两组电池组状不一致时，特别是通过第一电池管理系统BMS1和第二电池管理系统BMS2无法进行均衡控制时，这就证明这两组电池组中其中的一组出现了故障，或者两组电池组都出现故障。此时，利用两组电池管理系统的数据进行电池组故障状态的预判，并利用预先设定的比较数据，给出电池状体的预判结论。当第一电池组B1和第二电池组B2均无法正常工作时，进入工作模式1；当第一电池组B1故障，第二电池组B2正常工作时，进入工作模式4；当第一电池组B1正常工作，第二电池组B2故障时，进入工作模式3。Real-time detection of the status of the first battery pack B1 and the second battery pack B2. When both the first battery pack B1 and the second battery pack B2 cannot work normally, enter working mode 1; when the first battery pack B1 fails and the second battery pack B2 works normally, enter working mode 4; when the first battery pack B1 works normally and the second battery pack B2 fails, enter working mode 3. The present invention sets up two battery management systems BMS1 and BMS2, which are respectively used to detect the battery status of the first battery pack B1 and the second battery pack B2. If the battery status of the two battery packs is inconsistent, especially when the first battery management system BMS1 and the second battery management system BMS2 cannot perform balanced control, this proves that one of the two battery packs has a fault, or both battery packs have a fault. At this time, the data of the two battery management systems are used to predict the fault status of the battery pack, and the pre-set comparison data is used to give a predicted conclusion of the battery status. When both the first battery pack B1 and the second battery pack B2 cannot work normally, the operation mode 1 is entered; when the first battery pack B1 fails and the second battery pack B2 works normally, the operation mode 4 is entered; when the first battery pack B1 works normally and the second battery pack B2 fails, the operation mode 3 is entered.
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