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CN108649347A - 一种轻型索膜微带相控阵天线结构 - Google Patents

一种轻型索膜微带相控阵天线结构 Download PDF

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CN108649347A
CN108649347A CN201810211462.6A CN201810211462A CN108649347A CN 108649347 A CN108649347 A CN 108649347A CN 201810211462 A CN201810211462 A CN 201810211462A CN 108649347 A CN108649347 A CN 108649347A
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copper
phased array
clad film
cable
array antenna
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CN108649347B (zh
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李岩咏
韦娟芳
戚学良
张辰
张若峤
张兴华
刘宇飞
李萌
郑威
马小飞
董士伟
李洋
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Zhejiang University ZJU
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/24—Combinations of antenna units polarised in different directions for transmitting or receiving circularly and elliptically polarised waves or waves linearly polarised in any direction
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/06—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/12—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin next to a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/28—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising synthetic resins not wholly covered by any one of the sub-groups B32B27/30 - B32B27/42
    • B32B27/281—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising synthetic resins not wholly covered by any one of the sub-groups B32B27/30 - B32B27/42 comprising polyimides
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B3/00—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form
    • B32B3/02—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by features of form at particular places, e.g. in edge regions
    • B32B3/08—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by features of form at particular places, e.g. in edge regions characterised by added members at particular parts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B3/00—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form
    • B32B3/10—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by a discontinuous layer, i.e. formed of separate pieces of material
    • B32B3/12—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by a discontinuous layer, i.e. formed of separate pieces of material characterised by a layer of regularly- arranged cells, e.g. a honeycomb structure
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B33/00—Layered products characterised by particular properties or particular surface features, e.g. particular surface coatings; Layered products designed for particular purposes not covered by another single class
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B7/00—Layered products characterised by the relation between layers; Layered products characterised by the relative orientation of features between layers, or by the relative values of a measurable parameter between layers, i.e. products comprising layers having different physical, chemical or physicochemical properties; Layered products characterised by the interconnection of layers
    • B32B7/04—Interconnection of layers
    • B32B7/12—Interconnection of layers using interposed adhesives or interposed materials with bonding properties
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
    • H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/48—Earthing means; Earth screens; Counterpoises
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A30/00—Adapting or protecting infrastructure or their operation

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Abstract

本发明涉及一种轻型索膜微带相控阵天线结构。本发明中辐射层覆铜膜、地层覆铜膜与索网均固定设置在刚性框架上；刚性框架为框架结构，索网位于刚性框架中部，辐射层覆铜膜与地层覆铜膜分别位于刚性框架中索网的上下两面；索网上设置有网格节点，网格节点分别与辐射层覆铜膜与地层覆铜膜粘接；辐射层覆铜膜上表面设置有铜箔层作为铜箔辐射单元，地层覆铜膜上表面设置有地层铜箔。本发明相对于常规的微带相控阵天线能够显著的降低面密度，质量更轻，满足大尺度、超大尺度C频段微带相控阵天线对于质量的要求，能够满足5.8GHz～10GHz频段微带相控阵的热变形要求。

Description

一种轻型索膜微带相控阵天线结构
技术领域
本发明属于航天微带相控阵天线技术领域，涉及一种轻型索膜微带相控阵天线结构。
背景技术
空间太阳能电站由卫星、巨型太阳能电池阵、超大型空间微波发射天线和地面巨型微波接收天线组成。太阳能电池阵收集的电能以微波的形式由空间微波天线发射到地面，通过地面巨型微波天线接收后，传入地面电网中，以供使用。空间太阳能电站有望解决能源危机和火力发电带来的环境污染问题，因此成为各国研究的热点。但由于目前技术水平、经费来源等限制，大多数研究都处于研究阶段，没有进入工程阶段。其中的空间微波发射天线就是一个研制技术难度很大的关键部件。
按照目前的研究，卫星上的发射天线若采用5.8GHz～10GHz频段微带相控阵天线，天线的直径需要200米，在尺寸上较现有卫星天线提高十倍以上。这种超大型天线还要解决热变形带来的型面误差以及天线重量过大问题。
相控阵天线合是合成孔径雷达(SAR)卫星常用的一种天线形式，目前已经发射的相控阵天线都存在重量大、造价高、收纳效率低的缺点。国外2000年以前发射的SAR卫星包括SeaSAT、ERS-1/2、JERS-1、RADARSAT-1，天线结构形式均为折叠展开相控阵天线，且天线的重量大。2000年以后发射的型号包括：SAR Lupe、COSMO-SkyMed、TerraSAR-X、TanDEM-X、TECSAR等，除了SAR Lupe为固面抛物面天线外，其余天线结构仍然采用相控阵天线，但天线的尺寸和重量都有所减小，天线面密度在10kg/m2左右。我国已经发射的第一颗SAR卫星，其微带相控阵天线尺寸仅为10m×3.4m，但其面密度超过14kg/m2。由此可见，常规的相控阵天线重量仍然太重，不能满足超大尺度空间太阳能电站微波发射天线的需求，需要进行轻量化设计。
传统的微带相控阵天线一般由多块子阵组成平面阵，每块天线子板由电气板、结构板组成。电气板由两层Kevlar/Nomex蜂窝板组成，在电气板的表面和中间有两层不连续的铜箔射频辐射单元，底下还有一层连续的铜箔接地层，结构板为碳纤维铝蜂窝夹层板。为了减小热变形，电气板和结构板之间采取了热游离设计，包括少量刚性连接件、大量柔性连接件以及大量的金属预埋件，这样就造成天线子阵板重量很大。因此提出一种轻型索膜微带相控阵天线结构。
发明内容
本发明的目的就是提供一种轻型索膜微带相控阵天线结构。
本发明包括辐射层覆铜膜、地层覆铜膜、刚性框架和索网；所述的辐射层覆铜膜、地层覆铜膜与索网均固定设置在刚性框架上；刚性框架为框架结构，索网位于刚性框架中部，辐射层覆铜膜与地层覆铜膜分别位于刚性框架中索网的上下两面；索网上设置有网格节点，网格节点分别与辐射层覆铜膜与地层覆铜膜粘接；辐射层覆铜膜上表面设置有铜箔层作为铜箔辐射单元，地层覆铜膜上表面设置有地层铜箔。
所述的网格节点采用防脱线编织节点。
所述的辐射层覆铜膜和地层覆铜膜的基底材料均采用聚酰亚胺薄膜。
所述的索网采用负热膨胀系数高强度纤维。
所述的索网预加预应力。
所述的地层铜箔上带有微小缝隙。
本发明相对于常规的微带相控阵天线能够显著的降低面密度，质量更轻，可以满足大尺度、超大尺度C频段微带相控阵天线对于质量的要求，同时能够满足5.8GHz～10GHz频段微带相控阵的热变形要求，可应用于超大尺度空间太阳能电站微波发射天线。也可以用作小卫星星载SAR天线的轻量化设计。
附图说明
图1为本发明的整体结构示意图；
图2为本发明的整体结构爆炸图。
具体实施方式
以下将参照附图，结合实施例对本发明的结构做进一步的详述。
如图1和2所示，一种轻型索膜微带相控阵天线结构，包括辐射层覆铜膜1、地层覆铜膜2、刚性框架3、索网4。辐射层覆铜膜1、地层覆铜膜2与索网4均固定设置在刚性框架3上；刚性框架3为框架结构，索网4位于刚性框架3中部，辐射层覆铜膜1与地层覆铜膜2分别位于刚性框架3中索网4的上下两面。索网4上设置有网格节点5，网格节点5采用防脱线编织节点，并分别与辐射层覆铜膜1与地层覆铜膜2粘接。辐射层覆铜膜1上表面设置有铜箔层作为铜箔辐射单元6，地层覆铜膜2上表面设置有地层铜箔7，地层铜箔7均匀带有微小间隙8。
辐射层覆铜膜1和地层覆铜膜2用于满足电性能的要求，基底材料均为聚酰亚胺薄膜5。根据具体天线结构尺寸的不同，可选用不同牌号、厚度的聚酰亚胺薄膜。
索网采用负热膨胀系数高强度纤维，包括但不限于Kevalr及其复合材料。
根据电气性能要求及工程经验，初步确定参数，利用Patran/Nastran有限元软件建立有限元模型，将聚酰亚胺薄膜厚度、索网热膨胀系数、索网截面形状及尺寸作为分析优化的参数，研究各参数对最大热变形峰值、热变形RMS值、模型质量的影响，得到优选的参数值。
本实施例中两层聚酰亚胺膜厚度均为0.127mm，尺寸为560mm×560mm。第一层膜上附着8×8阵的铜箔辐射单元，单元尺寸为30mm×30mm，厚度2μm，铜箔间间距40mm；第二层膜上附着地层铜箔，厚度2μm，以1mm的微小间隙7将铜箔划分为4×4个单元。索网采用1.9mm×1.8mm的矩形截面，索间距10mm，材料为热膨胀系数为-4×10-6/℃的Kevlar纤维，网格节点与两层膜粘接。刚性框架采用M55J零膨胀层压板，两层聚酰亚胺膜及索网均连接在框架上。
在地球同步轨道-170℃～150℃的极端高低温荷载下，相对常温20℃的最大热变形值为0.076mm，热变形RMS值为0.028mm，均很小，满足5.8GHz～10GHz微带相控阵的热变形要求。本实施例所述的天线结构，不考虑框架，膜结构的面密度为1.8kg/m2。较传统微波相控阵天线，面密度较低。
上述实施例用来解释说明本发明，而不是对本发明进行限制，在本发明的精神和权利要求的保护范围内，对本发明作出的任何修改和改变，都落入本发明的保护范围。

Claims (6)

1.一种轻型索膜微带相控阵天线结构，包括辐射层覆铜膜、地层覆铜膜、刚性框架和索网；其特征在于：所述的辐射层覆铜膜、地层覆铜膜与索网均固定设置在刚性框架上；刚性框架为框架结构，索网位于刚性框架中部，辐射层覆铜膜与地层覆铜膜分别位于刚性框架中索网的上下两面；索网上设置有网格节点，网格节点分别与辐射层覆铜膜与地层覆铜膜粘接；辐射层覆铜膜上表面设置有铜箔层作为铜箔辐射单元，地层覆铜膜上表面设置有地层铜箔。
2.如权利要求1所述的一种轻型索膜微带相控阵天线结构，其特征在于：所述的网格节点采用防脱线编织节点。
3.如权利要求1所述的一种轻型索膜微带相控阵天线结构，其特征在于：所述的辐射层覆铜膜和地层覆铜膜的基底材料均采用聚酰亚胺薄膜。
4.如权利要求1所述的一种轻型索膜微带相控阵天线结构，其特征在于：所述的索网采用负热膨胀系数高强度纤维。
5.如权利要求1或4所述的一种轻型索膜微带相控阵天线结构，其特征在于：所述的索网预加预应力。
6.如权利要求1或3所述的一种轻型索膜微带相控阵天线结构，其特征在于：所述的地层铜箔上带有微小缝隙。
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