CN108640910A - 阿瑞吡坦l-脯氨酸溶剂化物-组合物和共晶体 - Google Patents
阿瑞吡坦l-脯氨酸溶剂化物-组合物和共晶体 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
公开了阿瑞吡坦L‑脯氨酸溶剂化物组合物和阿瑞吡坦L‑脯氨酸溶剂化物共晶体以及含有它们的药物组合物。本发明的组合物和共晶体是:1:1:1阿瑞吡坦L‑脯氨酸甲醇组合物;1:1:1阿瑞吡坦L‑脯氨酸甲醇共晶体;1:1:1阿瑞吡坦L‑脯氨酸乙醇组合物;1:1:1阿瑞吡坦L‑脯氨酸乙醇共晶体;1:1:1阿瑞吡坦L‑脯氨酸正丙醇组合物;和1:1:1阿瑞吡坦L‑脯氨酸正丙醇共晶体。阿瑞吡坦L‑脯氨酸溶剂化物组合物或共晶体可以以与阿瑞吡坦相同的方式用来治疗或预防与呕吐、神经精神性疾病、炎性疾病、疼痛、癌症、皮肤疾病、瘙痒、呼吸系统疾病或成瘾相关的病症。
Description
本申请是分案申请,其母案申请的申请号为201280066008.7(国际申请号为PCT/IB2012/056590),申请日为2012年11月21日,发明名称为“阿瑞吡坦L-脯氨酸溶剂化物-组合物和共晶体”。
相关申请的引用
本申请要求2011年11月25日提交的美国专利申请序列号US 61/563,647的优先权;其公开内容通过引用并入本文。
技术领域
本发明涉及一种新的阿瑞吡坦组合物和含有阿瑞吡坦的晶体化合物。更具体地,本发明涉及溶剂化的阿瑞吡坦L-脯氨酸溶剂化物组合物、阿瑞吡坦L-脯氨酸溶剂化物共晶体、阿瑞吡坦L-脯氨酸溶剂化物组合物或共晶体的治疗用途以及含有它们的药物组合物。
背景技术
癌症患者在他们的疾病和治疗的过程中通常经历恶心和呕吐。恶心和/或呕吐可能是由癌症本身或由其治疗所引起的结果。如下所示的阿瑞吡坦:2-(R)-(1-(R)-(3,5-双(三氟甲基)-苯基)乙氧基)-3-(S)-(4-氟)-苯基-4-(3-(5-氧代-1H,4H-1,2,4-三唑)甲基吗啉,是一种用来预防与中度-和高度-致吐性化疗相关的急性及延迟性恶心和呕吐以及用来预防术后恶心和呕吐(PONV)的物质P/神经激肽1(NK1)受体拮抗体。
用于物质P(神经激肽-1:NK-1)的神经肽受体分布遍及哺乳动物的神经系统、循环系统和外周组织,并且参与调控许多生物学过程,包括嗅觉、视力、疼痛、血管扩张、胃的蠕动和运动控制的感官知觉。目前正在研究物质P拮抗剂对于神经精神性疾病、炎性疾病、疼痛(包括偏头痛)、皮肤病、哮喘及其他呼吸系统疾病和呕吐的用处。物质P已知是瘙痒症(也通常被称为瘙痒)的主要介体。有研究报道,作为P物质拮抗剂的阿瑞吡坦在瘙痒症的治疗中能够具有治疗效果(S.“Targeting the neurokinin Receptor 1 withaprepitant:a novel antipruritic strategy”PLoS One.2010;5(6)e10968)。瘙痒或皮肤刺激的类型包括但不限于:a)银屑病性瘙痒,由血液透析所致的瘙痒,aguagenic瘙痒,和由皮肤疾病(例如接触性皮炎)、全身性疾病、神经病变、心理因素或它们的混合引起的瘙痒;b)由过敏性反应、昆虫叮咬、超敏反应(例如皮肤干燥、痤疮、湿疹、牛皮癣)、炎症性疾病或伤害所引起的瘙痒;c)与外阴前庭炎相关的瘙痒;和d)来自于给予另一种治疗剂如,例如,抗生素、抗病毒药物和抗组胺剂等的皮肤刺激或发炎作用。
已经证明,NK1受体在许多肿瘤细胞中过表达并且NK1受体拮抗剂(例如阿瑞吡坦)在结合到这些受体时能够抑制肿瘤细胞增殖、血管生成和肿瘤细胞的迁移。体外研究已经表明阿瑞吡坦在包括恶性黑色素瘤、神经母细胞瘤(neuroblastoma)、胰腺癌、胃癌和结肠癌细胞系的一系列癌细胞系中的有效性。这些研究表明阿瑞吡坦作为广谱抗肿瘤药的潜力(M.“The NK-1 receptor antagonist aprepitant as a broad spectrumantitumor drug”Invest New Drugs.2010 Apr;28(2):187-93)。
物质P牵连在应激反应以及应答相关的行为中(P.W.Mantyh.BrainResearch.1987;307:147-165)。临床试验目前正在调查作为物质P拮抗剂的阿瑞吡坦是否对与成瘾物质如酒精、可卡因、阿片类、大麻和烟草相关的渴望和依赖性是否具有积极影响。
生物药剂学分类系统(BCS)将阿瑞吡坦分类为第IV类药物,表示它是一种低溶解度和低渗透性的API。水溶性较差的API通常的特征是低吸收和差生物利用度。阿瑞吡坦是一种白色至灰白色结晶固体,其微溶于乙醇和乙酸异丙酯,微溶于乙腈,而几乎不溶于水。阿瑞吡坦确定为CAS登录号:170729-80-3。PCT申请WO 95/16679中公开阿瑞吡坦及其制备方法。还参见美国专利US 5,719,147;US 6,048,859;和US 6,235,735。美国专利US 6,096,742描述了多晶型形式的阿瑞吡坦。
阿瑞吡坦目前已被批准用于预防与化疗相关的恶心和呕吐以及还用于预防术后恶心和呕吐。其由Merck&Co.,Inc.作为含有40mg、80mg和125mg阿瑞吡坦的用于口服给予的胶囊剂进行销售。目前将阿瑞吡坦开发为纳米颗粒制剂并进行销售以克服其较差的溶解性/渗透特性。参见例如美国专利US 5,145,684。但是,即使是纳米颗粒制剂,阿瑞吡坦的平均绝对生物利用度仍只有60~65%。
因此,需要开发阿瑞吡坦的新形式,其具有改善的溶出性、溶解性和/或增加的生物利用度。本发明的阿瑞吡坦组合物和共晶体回应这样的需求。
公开为WO 028937 A1的PCT申请PCT/IB2011/054210描述一种1:1:1阿瑞吡坦L-脯氨酸H2O组合物和共晶体。该专利申请的公开内容通过引用并入本文。
虽然治疗功效是活性药物成分(API)的主要关注,但是候选药物的盐和固态形式(即结晶或无定形形式)对其药理学性质(例如生物利用度)以及对其作为可行API的开发可能是关键的。最近,已经使用晶体形式的API来改变特定API的物理化学性质。候选药物的每个晶型可具有不同的固态(物理和化学)性质。由新型固体形式的API(例如原始治疗化合物的共晶体或多晶型物)所表现出的物理性质上的差异影响药物参数,如储存稳定性、可压缩性和密度(在制剂和产品制造方面是重要的)以及溶解度和溶出速率(在确定生物利用度方面是重要因素)。因为这些实际的物理性质受到API的结晶形式的固态性质的影响,所以它们能够显著地影响的化合物如API的选择、最终的药物剂型、制造工艺的优化和在体内的吸收。另外,寻找最适当的固态形式以用于进一步药物开发可以减少该开发的时间和成本。
获得晶体形式的API在药物开发中极其有用。其允许更好的表征候选药物的化学和物理特性。通过形成API和构象异构体(conformer)的共晶体也可以获得所需性质的特定API。晶体形式往往比其无定形状态的游离碱具有更好的化学和物理性质。与已知形式的API本身相比,由于具有本发明的共晶体,此种晶体形式可以具有更有利的制药学和药理学性质或者更加易于加工。例如,共晶体可能具有不同于API本身的溶出和溶解性质,并且可以用于治疗性递送API。包含给定API的共晶体的新药物制剂可具有比其现有的药物制剂更加优异的性质。它们还可以具有更好的贮存稳定性。
API的另一个潜在的重要固态性质是其在含水流体中的溶解速率。活性成分在患者胃流体中的溶解速率可以具有治疗结果,由于其影响口服给予的活性成分可以到达患者血流中的速率。
当与那些单独地API和一种或多种构象异构体进行比较时,API的共晶体是API和一种或多种构象异构体的独特化学组合物并且通常具有独特的结晶学和光谱性质。除其他技术外,结晶形式的结晶学和光谱性质通常是通过X射线粉末衍射(XRPD)和单晶X-射线晶体学来测量的。共晶体往往也表现出不同的热学行为。热学行为在实验室中是通过毛细管熔点法、热重分析(TGA)和差示扫描量热法(DSC)等技术来测量的。
发明内容
本发明涉及1:1:1阿瑞吡坦L-脯氨酸甲醇组合物;1:1:1阿瑞吡坦L-脯氨酸甲醇共晶体;1:1:1阿瑞吡坦L-脯氨酸乙醇组合物;1:1:1阿瑞吡坦L-脯氨酸乙醇共晶体;1:1:1阿瑞吡坦L-脯氨酸正丙醇组合物;1:1:1阿瑞吡坦L-脯氨酸正丙醇共晶体;以及含有这些组合物或共晶体和药用载体的药物组合物。1:1:1阿瑞吡坦L-脯氨酸溶剂化物组合物和共晶体可以以与阿瑞吡坦相同的方式使用以治疗或预防与呕吐、神经精神疾病、炎症性疾病、疼痛、癌症、皮肤疾病、瘙痒、呼吸系统疾病或成瘾有关的病症。
附图说明
图1示出1:1:1阿瑞吡坦L-脯氨酸MeOH共晶体的XRPD图谱。
图2示出1:1:1阿瑞吡坦L-脯氨酸MeOH共晶体在100K下的ORTEP图。
图3示出1:1:1阿瑞吡坦L-脯氨酸MeOH共晶体在100K下的堆积图(packingdiagram)。
图4示出1:1:1阿瑞吡坦L-脯氨酸MeOH共晶体在100K下的计算XRPD图谱。
图5示出1:1:1阿瑞吡坦L-脯氨酸MeOH共晶体的DSC迹线。
图6示出1:1:1阿瑞吡坦L-脯氨酸MeOH共晶体的TGA迹线。
图7示出1:1:1阿瑞吡坦L-脯氨酸MeOH共晶体的1H NMR谱。
图8示出1:1:1阿瑞吡坦L-脯氨酸MeOH共晶体的GVS等温线图。
图9示出1:1:1阿瑞吡坦L-脯氨酸EtOH共晶体的XRPD图谱。
图10示出1:1:1阿瑞吡坦L-脯氨酸EtOH共晶体的DSC迹线。
图11示出1:1:1阿瑞吡坦L-脯氨酸EtOH共晶体的TGA迹线。
图12示出1:1:1阿瑞吡坦L-脯氨酸EtOH共晶体的1H NMR谱。
图13示出1:1:1阿瑞吡坦L-脯氨酸EtOH共晶体的GVS等温线图。
图14示出1:1:1阿瑞吡坦L-脯氨酸n-PrOH共晶体的XRPD图谱。
图15示出1:1:1阿瑞吡坦L-脯氨酸n-PrOH共晶体在100K下的ORTEP图。
图16示出1:1:1阿瑞吡坦L-脯氨酸n-PrOH共晶体在100K下的堆积图。
图17示出1:1:1阿瑞吡坦L-脯氨酸n-PrOH共晶体在100K下的计算XRPD图谱。
图18示出1:1:1阿瑞吡坦L-脯氨酸n-PrOH共晶体的GVS等温线图。
具体实施方式
本发明涉及阿瑞吡坦的理化性质和/或药学性质的改善。本文公开的是新的阿瑞吡坦L-脯氨酸溶剂化物组合物和共晶体。该组合物是1:1:1阿瑞吡坦L-脯氨酸溶剂化物,其中溶剂是甲醇(MeOH)、乙醇(EtOH)和正丙醇(n-PrOH),以及那些组合物的共晶体形式。更具体地,本发明的组合物和共晶体是:1:1:1阿瑞吡坦L-脯氨酸甲醇组合物;1:1:1阿瑞吡坦L-脯氨酸甲醇共晶体;1:1:1阿瑞吡坦L-脯氨酸乙醇组合物;1:1:1阿瑞吡坦L-脯氨酸乙醇共晶体;1:1:1阿瑞吡坦L-脯氨酸正丙醇组合物;以及1:1:1阿瑞吡坦L-脯氨酸正丙醇共晶体。以下描述本发明的阿瑞吡坦L-脯氨酸溶剂化物组合物和共晶体的治疗用途以及含有它们的治疗性组合物。以下描述共晶体以及用于表征它们的方法。
虽然它们在化学组成上不同,但在在它们的结晶形式中,本发明的新的1:1:1阿瑞吡坦L-脯氨酸溶剂化物共晶体似乎同结构的(isostructual)具有几乎相同的XRPD图谱。甲醇共晶体和乙醇共晶体具有几乎相同的XRPD图谱。参见图1、图8和图15。如单晶X-射线特征所示,在100K所有的1:1:1阿瑞吡坦L-脯氨酸溶剂化物共晶体属于相同的空间群(P212121)。相反,1:1:1阿瑞吡坦L-脯氨酸水合物在低温(100K)下处于不同的空间群(P21),但是在室温(294K)下表现为(P212121)。参见PCT申请PCT/IB2011/054210。
阿瑞吡坦组合物和共结晶体的治疗用途
本发明进一步涉及本发明的阿瑞吡坦L-脯氨酸溶剂化物组合物和共晶体用于治疗或预防呕吐(如上面所讨论的呕吐和/或恶心)的治疗用途。本发明的阿瑞吡坦L-脯氨酸溶剂化物组合物和共晶体也可以用来治疗也如上所讨论的神经精神性疾病、炎性疾病、疼痛(包括偏头痛)、癌症、皮肤疾病、瘙痒、哮喘和其他呼吸系统疾病、成瘾病症(如酗酒)。因此,本发明涉及治疗此种病症的方法,包括以下步骤:向需要其的患者给予治疗有效量的本发明的1:1:1阿瑞吡坦L-脯氨酸溶剂化物或者向需要其患者给予含有本发明的阿瑞吡坦L-脯氨酸溶剂化物组合物或共晶体的治疗性组合物。可以按照由1:1:1阿瑞吡坦L-脯氨酸甲醇组合物或共晶体的实际剂量的甲醇的水平低于治疗性组合物中可接受的甲醇水平来将所述甲醇溶剂化物用作治疗剂。在本文中公开的阿瑞吡坦L-脯氨酸溶剂化物组合物/共晶体中,一般优选正丙醇溶剂化物,1:1:1阿瑞吡坦L-脯氨酸n-PrOH。
术语“治疗(treatment)”或“治疗(treating)”是指哺乳动物中病症或病症的任何治疗,包括:预防或防止病况(condition)或病症(disorder),即,使临床症状不发展;抑制病况或病症,即阻止或抑制临床症状的发展;和/或减轻病况或病症(包括缓解与该病况或病症相关的不适),即引起临床症状消退。本领域的技术人员可以理解的是,在人类医学中,并不总是可以将“预防(preventing)”和“抑制(suppressing)”进行区分,因为一个或多个终极感应事件可以是未知的、潜在的、或者患者是不确定的直至该一个或多个事件发生很久之后。因此,如本文中使用的术语“预防(prophylaxis)”旨在作为“治疗”的要素,其涵盖“预防”和“抑制”病况或病症。术语“保护(protection)”意在包括“预防(prophylaxis)”。
含有阿瑞吡坦组合物和共晶体的药物组合物
本发明还涉及包含治疗有效量的根据本发明的阿瑞吡坦L-脯氨酸溶剂化物组合物或共晶体以及药用载体(也称为药用赋形剂)的药物组合物。如上所述,这些药物组合物在治疗上有用于治疗或预防病况,如上所讨论的那些,涉及呕吐、神经精神疾病、炎症性疾病、疼痛、癌症、皮肤疾病、痒、呼吸疾病、或成瘾。
本发明的药物组合物可以是含有根据本发明的阿瑞吡坦L-脯氨酸溶剂化物组合物或共晶体的任何药物剂型。药物组合物可以是,例如,片剂、胶囊剂、悬浮液、可注射的、局部的或透皮的。可以制备包含本发明的阿瑞吡坦L-脯氨酸溶剂化物的液体药物组合物。药物组合物通常含有例如按重量计约1%至约99%的本发明的阿瑞吡坦L-脯氨酸溶剂化物组合物或共晶体和例如按重量计99%至1%的至少一种合适的药物赋形剂。在一个实施方式中,组合物可以是约按重量计5%至约75%的本发明的阿瑞吡坦L-脯氨酸溶剂化物组合物或共晶体,其余为至少一种合适的药物赋形剂或至少一种其他佐剂,如下所讨论。
“治疗有效量的根据本发明的阿瑞吡坦L-脯氨酸溶剂化物组合物或共晶体”与约25~约250mg的阿瑞吡坦本身相关联。如上所讨论的,Merck&Co.,Inc.以商品名称以40mg、80mg和125mg胶囊剂或115mg注射剂销售阿瑞吡坦。开具产品的处方用于预防与化疗相关的第一天的恶心和呕吐,并且继续用于预防在治疗后上达至5天可能出现的延迟性恶心。典型的剂量为约在第1天化疗前的1小时约125mg,然后在第2天和第3天化疗前的1小时80mg。处方信息。
用于治疗任何特定的病况或病症或任何特定患者所需的实际量可取决于各种因素,包括例如,所治疗的疾病状态及其严重程度;所采用的具体的药物组合物;患者的年龄、体重、一般健康状况、性别和饮食;给予方式;给予时间;给予途径;和阿瑞吡坦的排泄速率;治疗的持续时间;与所采用的特定化合物组合或同时使用的任何药物;以及在医学领域中众所周知的其他此类因素。在Goodman和Gilman的“The Pharmacological Basis ofTherapeutics”,第十版,A.Gilman,J.Hardman和L.Limbird编,McGraw-Hill Press,155-173,2001中讨论这些因素,其通过引用并入本文。
取决于药物组合物的类型,药用载体可以选自于本领域中已知的载体的任何一种或组合。药用载体的选择取决于药物形式以及用来给予的所需方法。对于本发明的药物组合物,即具有本发明的阿瑞吡坦L-脯氨酸溶剂化物共晶体的药物组合物,可以选择维持晶体形式的载体。换句话说,载体应当基本上不改变阿瑞吡坦L-脯氨酸溶剂化物共晶体。载体也应当不以其他方式与所使用的阿瑞吡坦L-脯氨酸溶剂化物组合物或共晶体不相容(例如通过产生任何不期望的生物学效应)或以其他以有害的方式与药物组合物中的任何其他一种或多种组分相互作用。一旦溶解,阿瑞吡坦L-脯氨酸溶剂化物组合物或共晶体保留在溶液中,阿瑞吡坦不发生再沉淀,因此本发明的阿瑞吡坦L-脯氨酸溶剂化物组合物可以用来制备阿瑞吡坦的液体制剂。
可通过药物制剂领域中已知的方法例如参见Remington's PharmaceuticalSciences,第18版,(Mack Publishing Company,Easton,Pa.,1990)(其通过引用并入本文)来制备本发明的药物组合物。在固体剂型中,阿瑞吡坦L-脯氨酸溶剂化物组合物或共晶体可与至少一种药用赋形剂混合,如,例如,柠檬酸钠或磷酸氢钙或(a)填料或增量剂,如,例如,淀粉、乳糖、蔗糖、葡萄糖、甘露醇和硅酸,(b)粘合剂,如,例如,纤维素衍生物、淀粉、海藻酸盐、明胶、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、蔗糖和阿拉伯树胶,(c)湿润剂,如,例如,甘油,(d)崩解剂,如,例如,琼脂、碳酸钙、马铃薯或木薯淀粉、海藻酸、羧甲基纤维素钠、复合硅酸盐和碳酸钠,(e)溶液阻滞剂,如,例如,石蜡,(f)吸收促进剂,如,例如,季铵化合物,(g)润湿剂,如,例如,鲸蜡醇、单硬脂酸甘油酯、硬脂酸镁等,(h)吸附剂,如,例如,高岭土和膨润土,以及(i)润滑剂,如,例如,滑石、硬脂酸钙、硬脂酸镁、固体聚乙二醇、月桂基硫酸钠,或它们的混合物。在胶囊剂、片剂和丸剂的情况下,该剂型还可以包含缓冲剂。适于口服给予的其他制剂可以是离散单位的形式如胶囊剂、扁囊剂(sachet)和锭剂,粉末或颗粒的形式;为在水性液体或非水性液体如乙醇或甘油中的溶液或悬浮液的形式;或为油包水乳液或水包油乳液的形式。大丸剂、冲剂或贴剂也可以是相关的。合适的油可以是食用油,如,例如,棉籽油、芝麻油、椰子油或花生油。用于水性悬浮液的适合的分散剂或助悬剂包括合成的或天然的树胶如黄蓍胶、藻酸盐、阿拉伯胶(acacia)、葡聚糖、羧甲基纤维素钠、明胶、甲基纤维素、羟丙基甲基纤维素、羟丙基纤维素、卡波姆和聚乙烯吡咯烷酮。
本发明的药物组合物中也可以使用药物制剂技术领域中众所周知的药用佐剂。这些包括但不限于防腐剂、润湿剂、助悬剂、甜味剂、矫味剂(flavoring)、芳香剂、乳化剂和分散剂。可以通过包括各种抗细菌剂和抗真菌剂例如对羟基苯甲酸酯类、氯丁醇、苯酚、山梨酸等来确保防止微生物的作用。可能也期望包括等渗剂,例如糖类、氯化钠等。如果需要,本发明的药物组合物也可以含有少量的辅助物质,如润湿剂或乳化剂、pH缓冲剂、抗氧化剂等,如,例如,柠檬酸、单月桂酸山梨醇酯、三乙醇胺油酸酯、丁基化羟基甲苯等。
如上所描述的固体剂型可以制备有包衣和壳,如本领域中众所周知的肠溶包衣和其他。它们可以含有安抚剂,并且可以是这样的组合物:它们以延缓方式在肠道的特定部分中释放一种或多种活性化合物。可以使用的包埋的组合物的非限制性实例是聚合物质和蜡。如果合适,活性化合物也可以是与一种或多种上述赋形剂的微囊化形式。
除活性化合物之外,悬浮剂还可以含有助悬剂,如,例如,乙氧基化的异硬脂醇类、聚氧乙烯山梨醇和山梨醇酯类、微晶纤维素、偏氢氧化铝、膨润土、琼脂和黄蓍胶,或这些物质的混合物等。液体剂型可以是水性的,可以含有药用溶剂以及在本领域中已知的传统的液体剂型的赋形剂,其包含但不限于缓冲剂、调味剂、甜味剂、防腐剂和稳定剂。
用于直肠给予的组合物是例如栓剂,其可以通过将阿瑞吡坦L-脯氨酸溶剂化物组合物或共晶体与例如合适的无刺激性赋形剂或载体(如可可脂、聚乙二醇或栓剂蜡)混合而制备,其在常温下可以是固体但是在体温下可以是液体,并因此在合适的体腔内融化并在其中释放活性化合物。
如本领域中众所周知的,适合于局部给予的组合物包括液体或半液体制剂,例如搽剂、洗剂、凝胶剂、敷用剂(applicants)、油包水或水包油乳剂(如乳膏剂、软膏剂、糊剂或泡沫剂);或溶液或悬浮液如滴剂。当本发明的组合物用于局部给予时,其中载体可以适合地包括溶液、乳液、软膏或凝胶基料。载体或基料例如可以包含以下的一种或多种:矿脂、羊毛脂、聚乙二醇、蜂蜡、矿物油、稀释剂如水和醇、以及乳化剂和稳定剂。增稠剂可以存在于局部给予的药物组合物中。如果用于透皮给予,组合物可以包括透皮贴剂或离子电渗装置。局部制剂可以含有约0.1至约10%w/v(重量每单位体积)浓度的本发明的化合物。
因为在制备过程中可以保持阿瑞吡坦L-脯氨酸溶剂化物共晶态形式,因此本发明的药物组合物优选固体剂型。可以使用用于口服给予的固体剂型,其包括胶囊剂、片剂、丸剂、粉剂和颗粒剂。在此类固体剂型中,活性化合物可以与至少一种惰性的药用赋形剂(也称为药用载体)混合。根据本发明的阿瑞吡坦L-脯氨酸溶剂化物组合物和共晶体也可以用来配制液体或可注射的药物组合物。可以通过任何可接受的给予模式或用于提供类似效用的试剂来进行纯形式的或适合药物组合物的阿瑞吡坦L-脯氨酸H2O组合物或共晶体的给予。因此,给予可以以固体、半固体、冻干粉末或液体剂型的形式(如,例如,片剂、栓剂、丸剂、软弹性与硬明胶胶囊剂、粉剂、溶液、悬浮剂或气溶胶等),以适合简单给予精确剂量的单位剂型来例如口服、含服、经鼻、胃肠外(静脉内、肌内或皮下)、局部、透皮、阴道内、膀胱内、全身内或经直肠进行。一种给予途径可以是口服给予,其采用可以根据所治疗病况的严重程度加以调整的方便的每日给予方案。
作为化学中间体的阿瑞吡坦L-脯氨酸溶剂化物
获得晶体形式的化合物,例如本发明的共晶体,在药物开发中是极其有用的。如上所讨论的,固态形式(结晶或无定形)的化合物可以具有不同的物理和化学性质,例如溶解性、稳定性或再现(reproduced)的能力。这些性质经常允许优化制造过程,特别是在获得晶体中间体的情况下。在多步合成中,如本文中描述的那些,制备中间体且可以从先前的步骤运送不需要的副产物或杂质。通常,引入过滤、分离和/或纯化步骤以去除不需要的副产物或杂质。引入此类步骤不仅能够增加制造成本,而且还能够降低合成的整体收率。在多步骤合成中具有晶体中间体可以解决这些问题。结晶中间体提供一定的优势-高纯度的中间体可以减少对其他纯化步骤的需求并且降低合成过程的成本。
本发明的阿瑞吡坦L-脯氨酸溶剂化物共晶体也是有价值的,并且在制备其他溶剂化物或水合物中作为高纯度化学中间体是有用的。例如,可以通过在相应的所需溶剂中使共晶体淤浆而将溶剂化物转化为相应的溶剂化物,例如可以在正丙醇中使阿瑞吡坦L-脯氨酸乙醇的共晶体淤浆而将其转化为n-PrOH共晶体,或者通过在水或另一种水性溶剂体系中使阿瑞吡坦L-脯氨酸乙醇的共晶体淤浆而将其转化为水合物。在PCT申请PCT/IB2011/054210中描述1:1:1阿瑞吡坦L-脯氨酸水合物组合物和共晶体及其优点。
实施例
使用下列分析方法来表征本发明的1:1:1阿瑞吡坦L-脯氨酸溶剂化物共晶体:
X-射线粉末衍射表征:在Bruker D8衍射仪上使用CuKα辐射(40kV,40mA)、θ-2θ测角仪、V4接收狭缝、Ge单色器和Lynxeye检测器获取样品的X-射线粉末衍射图。使用经过认证的(certified)刚玉标准(NIST 1976)检查仪器性能。使用0.05°2Θ的步长和0.5秒的步进时间在2°至42°2Θ的角度范围采集数据。将在环境条件下运行的样品使用按接收未经研磨的粉末制备为平板试样。将约35mg的样品装入到切成抛光的零背景(510)硅晶片的空腔中。所有样品均使用Diffrac Plus EVA v11.0.0.2或v13.0.0.2进行分析。
单晶X-射线衍射(SCXRD):在装备有Oxford Cryosystems Cryostream冷却装置的牛津衍射超新星双源,零铜,阿特拉斯CCD衍射仪(Oxford Diffraction SuperNova Dualsource,Cu at zero,Atlas CCD Diffractometer)上采集数据。使用Bruker SHELXTL程序来解析结构并且使用作为Bruker SHELXTL软件包的一部分的SHELXTL程度来精化。除非另有说明,几何学放置附连到碳上的氢原子并且允许用控制各向同性位移参数(ridingisotropic displacementparameter)来精化。以差分傅里叶合成法定位附连到杂原子上的氢原子,并且允许用各向同性位移参数来自由地精化。
热学分析-差示扫描量热法(DSC):在装备有50位自动进样器的TA instrumentsQ2000上采集DSC数据。使用蓝宝石进行对热容的校准并且使用经认证的铟进行对能量和温度的校准。典型地,在销-孔铝盘中以10℃/min将0.8-1.2mg的每个样品从25℃加热至350℃。以50ml/min在样品上保持干燥氮气吹扫。仪器控制软件是Advantage for Q seriesv2.8.0.392和Thermal Advantage v4.8.3。使用Universal Analysis v4.3A软件来进行所有数据的分析。
热重分析(TGA):在装备有16位自动进样器的TA Instruments Q500 TGA上采集TGA数据。使用经认证的镍铝锰合金(Alumel)来对仪器进行温度校正。典型地,将5-30mg的每个样品加载到预先配衡的铂坩埚和铝DSC盘上,并且以10℃/min从室温加热至350℃。以60ml/min在样品上保持氮气吹扫。仪器控制软件是Advantage for Q Series v2.8.0.392和Thermal Advantage v4.8.3。
溶液质子NMR:使用装备有自动进样器的JEOL EX 270MHz光谱仪采集1H-NMR谱。将样品溶解在d6-DMSO中用于分析。使用Delta NMR处理与Control Software版本4.3来获取数据。
重力蒸气等温线(GVS)分析:使用由IGAsorp Systems Software V6.50.48控制的Hiden Isochema水分吸附分析仪(型号IGAsorp)获得吸附等温线。通过仪器控制将样品维持在恒温下(25℃)。以250ml.min-1的总流量通过使干燥和潮湿氮气流混合来控制湿度。通过测量三个校正的Rotronic盐溶液(10-50-80%)来验证仪器的相对湿度含量。通过微量天平(精度+/-0.005mg)以湿度的函数来监测样品的重量变化。在室温下将确定量的样品放置在配衡的丝网不锈钢篮中。在40%RH和25℃(典型的室内条件)下加载样品。首先将样品保持在50%RH下~80分钟,然后开始初始解吸循环。获取如在表1中所概述的吸湿等温线(2次扫描给出1个完整循环)。在恒温(25℃)且在0.5–90%范围内以10%RH间隔采集标准等温线(每个湿度水平80分钟)。在Microsoft Excel中进行数据分析。
表1:GVS实验的方法参数
参数 | 值 |
解吸–扫描1 | 50-0.5 |
吸附/解吸–扫描2&3 | 0.5-90,90-0.5 |
间隔(%RH) | 10 |
扫描数 | 3 |
流速(ml.min-1) | 250 |
温度(℃) | 25 |
稳定性(℃.min-1) | 0.1 |
吸附时间(分钟) | 120分钟时间结束 |
在完成等温线后回收样品并且通过XRPD再分析。
实施例1:1:1:1阿瑞吡坦L-脯氨酸MeOH共晶体
1.1制备1:1:1阿瑞吡坦L-脯氨酸MeOH共晶体
如下制备用于表征的1:1:1阿瑞吡坦L-脯氨酸MeOH共晶体的批次:
将阿瑞吡坦(300mg)称量至玻璃小瓶中。向该小瓶中加入1.5ml L-脯氨酸的饱和甲醇溶液。将所得浆液放置在摇床中并且熟化5天(以8小时循环(加热至50℃持续4小时,然后冷却至RT持续另外4小时)从室温(RT)至50℃,)。然后在真空下过滤产物并且在真空烘箱中在50℃下将所得到的晶体干燥过夜。
1.2 XRPD表征1:1:1阿瑞吡坦L-脯氨酸MeOH共晶体
图1中示出1:1:1阿瑞吡坦L-脯氨酸MeOH共晶体的实验XRPD图谱。表2列出图1的实验XRPD图谱中识别的峰的角度°2θ±0.2°2θ和d-间距。峰的整个列表或其子集可以足以表征共晶体。例如,可以由具有选自在7.1、9.1、10.5、16.4、21.6和21.9°2θ±0.2°2θ处的峰的至少三个或更多个峰的粉末X-射线衍射图谱以及由基本上类似于图1的粉末X-射线衍射图谱来表征这种共晶体。
表2
1.3 SCXRD表征1:1:1阿瑞吡坦L-脯氨酸MeOH共晶体
如下制备用于单晶结构测定的晶体:
将如前制备的约20mg(用肉眼估计)的1:1:1阿瑞吡坦L-脯氨酸MeOH共晶体批次放置在玻璃HPLC小瓶中,并且加入1ml MeOH。在50℃下将样品放置在摇床上约30分钟,然后取出并且迅速过滤到干净的玻璃小瓶中。使用薄膜盖住小瓶,然后将薄膜刺穿以允许缓慢蒸发和晶体形成。从由这种方法形成的晶体中分离出适合的单晶。
在表3中报告单晶数据以及用于在100K下测量的结构的结构精化(refinement)参数。在晶体结构的不对称单元中存在1:1:1阿瑞吡坦L-脯氨酸MeOH共晶体的单个分子。图2为示出所使用的编号方案的1:1:1阿瑞吡坦L-脯氨酸MeOH共晶体的ORTEP图。在50%的概率水平下示出非氢原子的各向异性的原子位移椭球体。用任意小半径显示氢原子。图3中示出1:1:1阿瑞吡坦L-脯氨酸MeOH共晶体在100K下的堆积图,氢键显示为虚线。观察方向在晶胞的a-轴的下方。
图4示出基于1:1:1阿瑞吡坦L-脯氨酸MeOH共晶体的单晶数据和结构的计算的XRPD图谱。还应当指出的是,由于在室温下采集实验的XRPD图谱且由在100K下采集的数据推演出计算的XRPD图谱的事实,在一些峰中存在一些小的温度漂移。由于优先取向效应,在实验图谱中还存在较小的强度差异。
表3
1.4 1:1:1阿瑞吡坦L-脯氨酸MeOH共晶体的DSC
图5中示出获得的1:1:1阿瑞吡坦L-脯氨酸MeOH共晶体的差示扫描量热法(DSC)迹线。在温度范围95-130℃和130-155℃观察到两个宽的吸热峰。它们随后是具有222.1℃的起始温度和223.9℃最大峰值的吸热峰。
1.4 1:1:1阿瑞吡坦L-脯氨酸MeOH共晶体的TGA
在热重分析(TGA)迹线图6中,可以看出在100℃之前具有可以忽略不计重量损失(在100℃剩余99.9%重量)。在温度范围100-190℃,存在4.7%的重量损失,这对应于损失1摩尔的甲醇。
1.5 1:1:1阿瑞吡坦L-脯氨酸MeOH共晶体的1HNMR谱
图7中示出的1:1:1阿瑞吡坦L-脯氨酸MeOH共晶体的1H NMR谱展示下列峰:1H NMR(400MHz,d6-DMSO)δ:11.29(1H),7.85(1H),7.51(2H),7.37(2H),7.08(2H),4.94(1H),4.34(1H),4.12(1H),3.65(1H),3.50(1H),3.34(1H),3.22(1H),3.17(3H),3.01(1H),2.85(1H),2.76(1H),2.40(1H),1.98(2H),1.75(2H)和1.36(3H)。1HNMR谱中在1.97ppm处的峰对应于L-脯氨酸的吡咯环烷上的两个质子。将该峰的积分与对应于阿瑞吡坦的芳香质子之一的在7.86ppm处的峰的积分进行比较,表明该共晶体具有1:1的阿瑞吡坦:L-脯氨酸的化学计量。
1.6 1:1:1阿瑞吡坦L-脯氨酸MeOH共晶体的重量蒸气吸附(GVS)分析
图8示出对于1:1:1阿瑞吡坦L-脯氨酸MeOH共晶体获得的吸湿等温曲线图。该分析使用13.8mg样品量。可以看出,在初始脱附循环中发生1.9%的重量损失。得到的产物为不吸湿的,在高相对湿度下仅吸附0.4%的水。在GVS分析后获得的产物的XRPD分析确认,其完全是PCT申请PCT/IB2011/054210中先前描述的1:1:1阿瑞吡坦L-脯氨酸H2O共晶体。1.9%重量损失对应于1:1:1阿瑞吡坦L-脯氨酸MeOH共晶体向1:1:1阿瑞吡坦L-脯氨酸H2O共晶体的完全转化。
实施例2:1:1:1阿瑞吡坦L-脯氨酸EtOH共晶体
2.1制备1:1:1阿瑞吡坦L-脯氨酸EtOH共晶体
如下制备用于表征的1:1:1阿瑞吡坦L-脯氨酸EtOH共晶体的批次:
将阿瑞吡坦(300mg)和L-脯氨酸(64.6mg)称量到玻璃小瓶中。向该小瓶中加入乙醇(1.5ml)。将所得到的浆液放置在摇床上并且熟化5天(以8小时的循环(加热至50℃持续4小时,然后冷却至RT再持续4小时)由RT至50℃)。然后在真空下过滤产物,并且在真空烘箱中在50℃下将所得到的晶体干燥过夜。
2.2 XRPD表征1:1:1阿瑞吡坦L-脯氨酸EtOH共晶体
图9中示出1:1:1阿瑞吡坦L-脯氨酸EtOH共晶体的实验XRPD图谱。表4列出在图9的实验XRPD图谱中识别出的峰的角度°2θ±0.2°2θ和d-间距。峰的整个列表或其子集可以足以表征共晶体。例如,可以通过具有选自在7.2、9.1、10.4、16.2、21.6和22.0°2θ±0.2°2θ处的峰的至少三个峰的粉末X-射线衍射图谱以及由基本类似于图9的粉末X-射线衍射图谱来表征这种共晶体。
表4
2.3 1:1:1阿瑞吡坦L-脯氨酸EtOH共晶体的DSC
图10中示出获得的1:1:1阿瑞吡坦L-脯氨酸EtOH共晶体的差示扫描量热法(DSC)迹线。可以看出,在温度范围112-138℃和138-159℃内具有两个宽吸热峰,其后是具有220.0℃起始温度且222.1℃和223.1℃的最大峰值的双吸热峰。
2.4 1:1:1阿瑞吡坦L-脯氨酸EtOH共晶体的TGA
在热重分析(TGA)迹线图11中,可以看出,在110℃之前具有可以忽略不计的重量损失(在110℃具有100%重量剩余)。在温度范围110-180℃内,存在6.6%的重量损失,其对应于1mol的乙醇。
2.5 1:1:1阿瑞吡坦L-脯氨酸EtOH共晶体的1H NMR谱
图12中示出的1:1:1阿瑞吡坦L-脯氨酸EtOH共晶体的1H NMR谱展示下列峰:1H NMR(400MHz,d6-DMSO)δ:11.30(1H),7.86(1H),7.51(2H),7.37(2H),7.08(2H),4.95(1H),4.39(1H),4.34(1H),4.12(1H),3.64(1H),3.49(1H),3.44(2H),3.34(1H),3.22(1H),3.00(1H),2.84(1H),2.76(1H),2.40(1H),1.97(2H),1.73(2H),1.37(3H)和1.06(3H)。1H NMR谱中在1.97ppm处的峰对应于L-脯氨酸的吡咯环烷上的两个质子。将这个峰的积分与在7.86ppm处对应于阿瑞吡坦的芳香质子之一的峰的积分进行比较,表明该共晶体具有1:1的阿瑞吡坦:L-脯氨酸的化学计量。
2.6 1:1:1阿瑞吡坦L-脯氨酸EtOH共晶体的重量蒸汽吸附(GVS)分析
图13示出对于1:1:1阿瑞吡坦L-脯氨酸EtOH共晶体获得的吸湿等温曲线图。该分析使用8.8mg的样品量。可以看出,在初始解吸循环期间发生4.3%的重量损失。得到的产物为不吸湿的,在高相对湿度下仅吸附0.5%的水。在GVS分析后获得的产物的XRPD分析确认,其完全是1:1:1阿瑞吡坦L-脯氨酸H2O共晶体。4.3%的重量损失对应于1:1:1阿瑞吡坦L-脯氨酸EtOH共晶体向1:1:1阿瑞吡坦L-脯氨酸H2O共晶体的完全转化。
实施例3:1:1:1阿瑞吡坦L-脯氨酸n-PrOH共晶体
3.1制备1:1:1阿瑞吡坦L-脯氨酸n-PrOH共晶体
如下制备用于表征的1:1:1阿瑞吡坦L-脯氨酸n-PrOH共晶体的批次:
将阿瑞吡坦(300mg)和L-脯氨酸(64.6mg)称量到玻璃小瓶中。向该小瓶中加入正丙醇(1.5ml)。将得到的浆液放置在摇床上并且熟化5天(以8小时的循环(加热至50℃持续4小时,然后冷却至RT再持续4小时)从RT至50℃)。然后在真空下过滤产物并且在真空烘箱中在50℃下将得到的晶体干燥过夜。
3.2 XRPD表征1:1:1阿瑞吡坦L-脯氨酸n-PrOH共晶体
图14中示陨1:1:1阿瑞吡坦L-脯氨酸n-PrOH共晶体的实验XRPD图谱。表5列出在图14的实验XRPD图谱中识别出的峰的角度°2θ±0.2°2θ和d-间距。峰的整个列表或其子集可以足以表征共晶体。例如,可以通过具有选自在6.3、7.1、9.0、10.4、13.7和17.3°2θ±0.2°2θ处的峰的至少三个峰的粉末X-射线衍射图谱以及由基本类似于图14的粉末X-射线衍射图谱来表征这种共晶体。应当注意的是,这批材料的衍射图还具有在9.4、14.6、18.0、19.4和20.6°2θ处的峰,其可能是先前描述于PCT申请PCT/IB2011/054210中的1:1:1阿瑞吡坦L-脯氨酸水合物共晶体的特征,表明可能存在微量作为物理杂质的1:1:1阿瑞吡坦L-脯氨酸水合物共晶体。
表5
3.3 SCXRD表征1:1:1阿瑞吡坦L-脯氨酸n-PrOH共晶体
从如上所描述制备的1:1:1阿瑞吡坦L-脯氨酸n-PrOH共晶体的批次中选出适合的单晶以用于表征,通过单晶X-射线衍射进行分析。
在表6中报告单晶数据以及用于在100K下测量的结构的结构精化参数。在晶体结构的不对称单元中存在1:1:1阿瑞吡坦L-脯氨酸PrOH共晶体的单个分子。一个-CF3基团显示出显著的转动无序(rotational disorder)并且使用2部分模型(2part model)进行精化。图15是示出所使用的编号方案的1:1:1阿瑞吡坦L-脯氨酸n-PrOH共晶体的ORTEP图。在50%的概率水平下示出非氢原子的各向异性的原子位移椭球体。用任意小半径显示氢原子。图16中示出1:1:1阿瑞吡坦L-脯氨酸n-PrOH共晶体在100K下的堆积图,氢键显示为虚线。观察方向在晶胞的a-轴的下方。
图17示出基于1:1:1阿瑞吡坦L-脯氨酸H2O共晶体在100K下的单晶数据和结构的计算的XRPD图谱。
表6
3.3 1:1:1阿瑞吡坦L-脯氨酸n-PrOH共晶体的重量蒸汽吸附(GVS)分析
图18示出对于1:1:1阿瑞吡坦L-脯氨酸n-PrOH共晶体获得的吸湿等温线图。该分析使用12.0mg的样品量。可以看出,在初始解吸循环期间发生4.4%的重量损失。在总解吸-吸附-解吸循环中发生6.3%的重量损失。在GVS分析后获得的产物的XRPD分析确认,其完全是1:1:1阿瑞吡坦L-脯氨酸H2O共晶体。6.3%的重量损失对应于1:1:1阿瑞吡坦L-脯氨酸n-PrOH共晶体向1:1:1阿瑞吡坦L-脯氨酸H2O共晶体的转化。
Claims (1)
1.阿瑞吡坦L-脯氨酸溶剂化物共晶体在制备1:1:1阿瑞吡坦L-脯氨酸H2O共晶体中的用途,其中,所述阿瑞吡坦L-脯氨酸溶剂化物共晶体选自由1:1:1阿瑞吡坦L-脯氨酸甲醇共晶体、1:1:1阿瑞吡坦L-脯氨酸乙醇共晶体和1:1:1阿瑞吡坦L-脯氨酸正丙醇共晶体所组成的组。
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