CN108627540A - A kind of vortex thermal imaging face detection container corrosion wall thickness system and detection method - Google Patents
A kind of vortex thermal imaging face detection container corrosion wall thickness system and detection method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明一种涡流热成像检测容器腐蚀壁厚系统及检测方法，包括和激励线圈连接的电磁加热设备和红外热像仪及与红外热像仪连接的计算机系统；其检测方法为将电磁加热设备与激励线圈连接，将激励线圈置于器壁外侧0.5～2mm处，通电后在待测器壁上产生交变磁场，器壁在此短时高频强电流的作用下产生涡流，进一步由涡流产生热量；由于器壁存在缺陷且缺陷处的壁厚较薄，涡流在此处分布密集，热量高于未腐蚀区域，引起整个区域内表面温度场分布不均匀；由红外热像仪记录热图像，并将采集的图像和数据传递给计算机，通过计算机处理得出最终检测结果，即腐蚀缺陷形貌与壁厚信息；能够实现容器腐蚀壁厚面检测，完整反映容器整个表面的腐蚀状态，能够更全面的反应容器腐蚀壁厚情况；具有快速、便捷、准确评价容器腐蚀状态等优点。
An eddy current thermal imaging detection system and detection method for container corrosion wall thickness of the present invention, comprising an electromagnetic heating device connected to an excitation coil, an infrared thermal imaging camera, and a computer system connected to the infrared thermal imaging camera; the detection method is to combine the electromagnetic heating device Connect with the excitation coil, place the excitation coil at 0.5~2mm outside the wall of the device, and generate an alternating magnetic field on the wall of the device to be tested after electrification, and the wall of the device will generate eddy current under the action of short-term high-frequency strong current, and further generate heat from the eddy current ;Because there are defects in the wall and the wall thickness at the defect is relatively thin, the eddy currents are densely distributed here, and the heat is higher than that in the uncorroded area, causing the uneven distribution of the surface temperature field in the entire area; the thermal image is recorded by an infrared thermal imager, and The collected images and data are transmitted to the computer, and the final detection result is obtained through computer processing, that is, the corrosion defect morphology and wall thickness information; it can realize the detection of the corrosion wall thickness of the container, completely reflect the corrosion state of the entire surface of the container, and can be more comprehensive The corrosion wall thickness of the reaction vessel; it has the advantages of fast, convenient and accurate evaluation of the corrosion state of the vessel.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及无损检测领域，具体的说是涉及一种涡流热成像面检测容器腐蚀壁厚系统及检测方法。The invention relates to the field of non-destructive testing, in particular to an eddy current thermal imaging surface detection system and a detection method for container corrosion wall thickness.
背景技术Background technique
容器作为物质的储藏、运输设备，在工业生产中有着广泛的应用。当前大量的检测结果证明，腐蚀已经成为影响容器安全的重要原因，先进的容器腐蚀壁厚检测技术是提高其安全性的重要手段。As storage and transportation equipment for substances, containers are widely used in industrial production. A large number of current test results prove that corrosion has become an important reason affecting the safety of containers, and advanced container corrosion wall thickness detection technology is an important means to improve its safety.
涡流热成像技术是近年来新发展的一种将涡流检测与红外热成像相结合方法，具有检测面积大、检测速度快、检测范围广，对被检零件无影响等特点；但目前大部分壁厚腐蚀涡流热成像检测研究均停留在定性阶段。容器腐蚀壁厚检测的主要目的是查找腐蚀位置、确定腐蚀程度。Eddy current thermal imaging technology is a newly developed method that combines eddy current detection and infrared thermal imaging in recent years. It has the characteristics of large detection area, fast detection speed, wide detection range, and no influence on the inspected parts; The research on eddy current thermal imaging detection of thick corrosion is still in the qualitative stage. The main purpose of container corrosion wall thickness inspection is to find the location of corrosion and determine the degree of corrosion.
现有的容器检测技术方法有三种，一种是漏磁检测，将容器磁化之后，由于不同厚度漏磁场的场强不同，通过探头检测其壁厚。第二种是超声检测，通过声波的反射时间得出某一点的腐蚀厚度，然后再进行扫查，得出某一条线上的腐蚀情况。第三种是声发射检测，利用凯撒效应，通过声源定位方式判断声波频率检测目标位置壁厚。There are three existing container detection techniques. One is magnetic flux leakage detection. After the container is magnetized, the wall thickness is detected by a probe due to the different field strengths of the leakage magnetic field with different thicknesses. The second is ultrasonic testing. The corrosion thickness at a certain point can be obtained through the reflection time of the sound wave, and then the corrosion situation on a certain line can be obtained by scanning. The third is acoustic emission detection, which uses the Kaiser effect to determine the sound wave frequency and detect the wall thickness of the target position through the sound source localization method.
这三种容器腐蚀壁厚检测方法的缺陷是：漏磁检测方法对壁厚较厚的磁化强度较低，检测精度较低。超声检测和声发射检测都是围绕着某一个点进行，不能检测一个面上的腐蚀厚度，且对于声波信号的处理难度较大，声发射检测还需配合其他技术手段进行联合检测。上述三种容器腐蚀壁厚检测方法均无法实现面检测。The defects of these three detection methods for container corrosion wall thickness are: the magnetic flux leakage detection method has lower magnetization intensity for thicker wall thickness and lower detection accuracy. Ultrasonic testing and acoustic emission testing are both carried out around a certain point, and cannot detect the corrosion thickness on one surface, and it is difficult to process acoustic signals. Acoustic emission testing needs to be combined with other technical means for joint testing. None of the above three detection methods for container corrosion wall thickness can realize surface detection.
如何实行容器壁厚的面检测，已成为容器无损检测中亟待解决的问题。主要技术要求：能在一次检测中，对容器一个区域的腐蚀壁厚进行检测与评估，可以完整反映容器整个表面的腐蚀状态；检测中不能对容器造成破坏；检测时不产生安全隐患；能够快速、便捷、准确评价容器腐蚀状态。How to carry out surface inspection of container wall thickness has become an urgent problem to be solved in nondestructive inspection of containers. Main technical requirements: In one inspection, the corrosion wall thickness of a region of the container can be detected and evaluated, which can completely reflect the corrosion state of the entire surface of the container; the container cannot be damaged during the inspection; no safety hazards are generated during the inspection; , Convenient and accurate evaluation of container corrosion status.
基于以上几点考虑，提出一种对容器腐蚀壁厚面检测的无损检测系统及检测方法。Based on the above considerations, a non-destructive testing system and testing method for detecting the corroded wall thickness of the container are proposed.
发明内容Contents of the invention
为了解决上述现有技术存在的问题，本发明的目的在于提供一种涡流热成像面检测容器腐蚀壁厚系统及检测方法。本发明检测系统及检测方法能在一次检测中，对容器一个区域的腐蚀壁厚进行检测与评估，采取多个面检测结果的无缝拼接处理可以完整反映容器整个表面的腐蚀状态；检测时不对容器造成破坏；检测时不产生安全隐患；能够快速、便捷、准确评价容器腐蚀状态。In order to solve the above-mentioned problems in the prior art, the object of the present invention is to provide a system and a detection method for detecting the corrosion wall thickness of containers on the eddy current thermal imaging surface. The detection system and detection method of the present invention can detect and evaluate the corrosion wall thickness of a region of the container in one detection, and the seamless splicing of multiple surface detection results can completely reflect the corrosion state of the entire surface of the container; The container is damaged; there is no potential safety hazard during detection; it can quickly, conveniently and accurately evaluate the corrosion state of the container.
为了实现上述目的，本发明采用以下技术方案予以实现：In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions to achieve:
涡流热成像面检测容器腐蚀壁厚系统，包括连接激励线圈的交流供电系统和红外热成像仪。The eddy current thermal imaging surface detection system for container corrosion wall thickness includes an AC power supply system connected to an excitation coil and an infrared thermal imager.
进一步的，在所述的交流供电系统包括激励线圈连接的电磁加热设备和红外热像仪及与红外热像仪连接的计算机系统。Further, the AC power supply system includes an electromagnetic heating device connected to an excitation coil, an infrared thermal imager, and a computer system connected to the infrared thermal imager.
进一步的，在所述的激励线圈，包含至少2圈导线，相邻两圈导线之间距离为2～10mm，每圈导线与待检测工件表面垂直；每圈导线靠近待检测工件部位为平直状，导线与待检测工件之间距离为0.5～2mm。其目的是：能在一个平面上形成多个并排导线，通电后能在缺陷上方形成并排同向电流，从而使器壁表面并排相同涡流，使表面涡流密度分布不均，导致在表面形成不同的温度分布。Further, the excitation coil includes at least 2 coils of wires, the distance between two adjacent coils of wires is 2 to 10 mm, and each coil of wires is perpendicular to the surface of the workpiece to be detected; each coil of wires is straight near the workpiece to be detected. shape, the distance between the wire and the workpiece to be detected is 0.5-2mm. Its purpose is: to form a plurality of side-by-side wires on a plane, and to form side-by-side currents in the same direction above the defect after electrification, so that the same eddy currents are arranged side by side on the surface of the wall, making the surface eddy current density distribution uneven, resulting in different formations on the surface. Temperature Distribution.
进一步的，通过对表面温度场温度的提取分析和温度场温度分布形状的判断综合分析，实现器壁腐蚀缺陷的面检测。Furthermore, through the extraction and analysis of the surface temperature field temperature and the judgment and comprehensive analysis of the temperature distribution shape of the temperature field, the surface detection of corrosion defects on the wall is realized.
为了解决上述问题，本文还提出了一种容器腐蚀壁厚面检测方法，其特征在于，将单匝激励线圈置于器壁外侧0.5～2mm处，在激励线圈上方放置热成像仪；对激励线圈通电，载有交流电的感应线圈在被检器壁表面和内部产生感生涡流Je，其规律满足电磁感应原理；具体关系为ε为真空中的介电常数，μ表示真空中的磁导率，σ为材料的电导率，rd为激励线圈导线半径，涡流密度由焦耳定律可知，感生涡流将由电能转化成焦耳热，产生的热量正比于涡流密度和电场强度，对应关系为ρ为材料密度；Cρ为材料的比热容；K为热传递系数；T为温度场分布函数。用热成像仪进行拍照，可以确定温度场的分布规律；由于缺陷处的温度变化大于无缺陷处，可通过热像图判断器壁腐蚀深度。In order to solve the above problems, this paper also proposes a method for detecting the corroded wall thickness of the container, which is characterized in that a single-turn excitation coil is placed 0.5 to 2 mm outside the vessel wall, and a thermal imager is placed above the excitation coil; When energized, the induction coil carrying alternating current generates an induced eddy current J e on the surface and inside of the wall of the tested device, and its law satisfies the principle of electromagnetic induction; the specific relationship is ε is the dielectric constant in vacuum, μ is the magnetic permeability in vacuum, σ is the electrical conductivity of the material, r d is the radius of the excitation coil wire, and the eddy current density It can be seen from Joule's law that the induced eddy current will be converted from electrical energy into Joule heat, and the heat generated is proportional to the eddy current density and electric field intensity, and the corresponding relationship is ρ is the material density; C ρ is the specific heat capacity of the material; K is the heat transfer coefficient; T is the temperature field distribution function. Taking pictures with a thermal imager can determine the distribution of the temperature field; since the temperature change at the defect is greater than that at the non-defect point, the corrosion depth of the device wall can be judged by the thermal image.
进一步的，在所述线圈通电激励中，交流电电流大小为380～500A，加热时间为0.8～6s，频率为256～500kHz。Further, during the energization and excitation of the coil, the magnitude of the alternating current is 380-500A, the heating time is 0.8-6s, and the frequency is 256-500kHz.
进一步的，在所述器壁上形成的能量分布中，由于存在缺陷且缺陷处的壁厚较薄，涡流在此处分布密集，能量高于未腐蚀区域，进而引起整个区域内表面温度场分布不均匀，最终在红外热像仪记录的热图像序列中体现出来，缺陷处的热图像序列亮度应高于其余位置，从而可判断一个面壁厚腐蚀深度。Further, in the energy distribution formed on the wall, due to the presence of defects and the thinner wall thickness at the defect, the eddy currents are densely distributed here, and the energy is higher than that in the uncorroded area, which in turn causes the surface temperature field distribution in the entire area Inhomogeneity is finally reflected in the thermal image sequence recorded by the infrared thermal imager. The brightness of the thermal image sequence at the defect should be higher than that of the rest, so that the corrosion depth of a surface wall thickness can be judged.
本发明的优点在于：较以往的针对某一点的检测方法，该系统采用的激励线圈，能够检测一个区域内的腐蚀状态；此激励线圈激励所产生的电流方向一致，从而涡流分布均匀，避免了相互涡流间的抵消导致结果无法判断；能够更全面的反应容器的壁厚腐蚀情况；能够快速、便捷、准确评价容器器壁腐蚀状态。The advantage of the present invention is that: compared with the previous detection method for a certain point, the excitation coil used in the system can detect the corrosion state in a region; The offset between the mutual eddy currents makes it impossible to judge the results; it can more comprehensively reflect the corrosion of the wall thickness of the container; it can quickly, conveniently and accurately evaluate the corrosion state of the container wall.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本发明的检测系统示意图。Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the detection system of the present invention.
图中：1.红外热像仪；2.计算机；3.电磁加热设备；4.激励线圈；5.试件；6.缺陷In the figure: 1. Infrared thermal imaging camera; 2. Computer; 3. Electromagnetic heating equipment; 4. Excitation coil; 5. Test piece; 6. Defect
图2为本发明的实施效果示意图。Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the implementation effect of the present invention.
图3为本发明的激励线圈结构示意图。Fig. 3 is a structural schematic diagram of the excitation coil of the present invention.
图4为本发明的温度图像分布示意图Fig. 4 is the temperature image distribution schematic diagram of the present invention
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明作进一步说明，以便本领域的技术人员更好的理解本发明。需要特别提醒注意的是，在以下的描述中，当已知功能和实际的详细描述也许会淡化本发明的主要内容时，这些描述在这里将被忽略。The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments, so that those skilled in the art can better understand the present invention. It should be particularly noted that in the following description, when known functions and actual detailed descriptions may dilute the main content of the present invention, these descriptions will be omitted here.
如图1所示，本发明一种涡流热成像检测容器腐蚀壁厚系统及检测方法，包括和激励线圈4连接的电磁加热设备3和红外热像仪1及与红外热像仪1连接的计算机系统2。As shown in Fig. 1, a kind of eddy current thermal imaging detection container corroded wall thickness system and detection method of the present invention include electromagnetic heating equipment 3 connected with excitation coil 4, infrared thermal imager 1 and computer connected with infrared thermal imager 1 System 2.
本检测系统对于容器腐蚀壁厚的检测方法，首先将电磁加热设备3与激励线圈4连接，然后将激励线圈4置于器壁外侧0.5～2mm处，通电后的交变磁场产生于待测器壁上，器壁在短时高频强电流的作用下产生涡流，进一步由涡流产生热量，由于试件5存在缺陷6且缺陷6处的壁厚较薄，涡流在此处分布密集，热量高于未腐蚀区域，进而引起整个区域内表面温度场分布不均匀，如图2所示。通过红外热像仪1记录热图像，将采集的图像和数据传递给计算机2，由计算机2处理得出最终检测结果，即腐蚀缺陷的大小、壁厚信息。For the detection method of the corrosion wall thickness of the container, the detection system first connects the electromagnetic heating device 3 with the excitation coil 4, and then places the excitation coil 4 at 0.5-2mm outside the wall of the device, and the alternating magnetic field after power-on is generated in the device to be tested. On the wall, the wall generates eddy currents under the action of short-term high-frequency strong current, and further heat is generated by the eddy currents. Since there is a defect 6 in the test piece 5 and the wall thickness of the defect 6 is relatively thin, the eddy currents are densely distributed here, and the heat is higher than that of the original sample. Corrosion area, which in turn causes uneven distribution of surface temperature field in the whole area, as shown in Figure 2. The thermal image is recorded by the infrared thermal imager 1, and the collected image and data are transmitted to the computer 2, and the computer 2 processes and obtains the final detection result, that is, the size and wall thickness of the corrosion defect.
如图3所示，为了实现容器腐蚀壁厚的面检测，本发明提出采用一种新型激励线圈，由板壁外部电磁加热设备3接入线缆，将激励线圈4缠绕于板壁上方后，包含至少2圈导线，相邻两圈导线之间距离为2～10mm，每圈导线与待检测工件表面垂直；每圈导线靠近待检测工件部位为平直状，能保证下平面形成多个并排导线。其目的是：与圆形、方形线圈水平放置时只能在器壁表面形成同心不均匀的涡流相比，此激励线圈缠绕通电后能形成并排同向电流，从而能在器壁表面形成并排相同涡流，使表面涡流密度分布不均，通过提取分析表面温度场温度值和温度场温度分布形状，综合分析判断，实现器壁腐蚀缺陷的面检测。As shown in Figure 3, in order to realize the surface detection of the corroded wall thickness of the container, the present invention proposes to adopt a new type of excitation coil. 2 turns of wire, the distance between two adjacent turns of wire is 2-10mm, each turn of wire is perpendicular to the surface of the workpiece to be detected; each turn of wire is straight near the part of the workpiece to be detected, which can ensure the formation of multiple side-by-side wires on the lower plane. Its purpose is: compared with the circular and square coils that can only form concentric and uneven eddy currents on the surface of the wall when they are placed horizontally, this exciting coil can form side-by-side currents in the same direction after being wound and energized, so that it can form side-by-side currents on the surface of the wall. The eddy current makes the surface eddy current density distribution uneven. By extracting and analyzing the temperature value of the surface temperature field and the temperature distribution shape of the temperature field, and comprehensively analyzing and judging, the surface detection of corrosion defects on the wall is realized.
本发明的工作原理为当被检器壁表面存在缺陷时，感生涡流场的涡流密度在器壁内部分布不均，由于电磁感应，在交变磁场的作用下产生热量并在表面聚集，从而引起被检器壁表面温度场分布不均匀。将电磁加热设备3和激励线圈4通电后，载有交流电的激励线圈4在被检器壁表面和内部产生感生涡流Je，其规律满足电磁感应原理，具体关系为ε为真空中的介电常数，μ表示真空中的磁导率，σ为材料的电导率，rd为激励线圈导线半径，涡流密度由焦耳定律可知，感生涡流将由电能转化成焦耳热，产生的热量正比于涡流密度和电场强度，对应关系为ρ为材料密度；Cρ为材料的比热容；K为热传递系数；T为温度场分布函数。用热成像仪拍照，可以确定温度场的分布规律。如图4所示，由于缺陷处的温升变化与无缺陷处不同，在表面形成不同的温度分布，将温度变化的零界点a，b，c，d，e，f，g，h点连接起来得到一块区域，以此判定器壁缺陷区域形貌。将热成像仪采集的温度数据通过计算机2处理，根据定量实验所测定的温度-壁厚拟合函数，可定量分析得出缺陷区域及腐蚀深度。The working principle of the present invention is that when there are defects on the wall surface of the tested device, the eddy current density of the induced eddy current field is unevenly distributed inside the device wall, and due to electromagnetic induction, heat is generated under the action of the alternating magnetic field and accumulated on the surface, thereby The temperature field distribution on the wall surface of the tested device is caused to be uneven. After the electromagnetic heating device 3 and the exciting coil 4 are energized, the exciting coil 4 carrying alternating current generates an induced eddy current J e on the surface and inside of the wall of the tested device, and its law satisfies the principle of electromagnetic induction, and the specific relationship is ε is the dielectric constant in vacuum, μ is the magnetic permeability in vacuum, σ is the electrical conductivity of the material, r d is the radius of the excitation coil wire, and the eddy current density It can be seen from Joule's law that the induced eddy current will be converted from electrical energy into Joule heat, and the heat generated is proportional to the eddy current density and electric field intensity, and the corresponding relationship is ρ is the material density; C ρ is the specific heat capacity of the material; K is the heat transfer coefficient; T is the temperature field distribution function. Taking pictures with a thermal imager can determine the distribution law of the temperature field. As shown in Figure 4, since the temperature rise at the defect is different from that at the non-defect, different temperature distributions are formed on the surface, and the zero points of temperature change are a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h A region is obtained by connecting them together to determine the morphology of the device wall defect region. The temperature data collected by the thermal imager is processed by the computer 2, and according to the temperature-wall thickness fitting function determined by the quantitative experiment, the defect area and corrosion depth can be quantitatively analyzed.
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