CN108615961A - A kind of echelon complementary electrical-thermal balance storing up electricity charging system and method - Google Patents

Abstract

The units such as a kind of echelon complementation electro-thermal equilibrium storing up electricity charging system and method, including regenerative resource entrance side, liquid stream battery stack, power grid entrance side, current transfer device, power outlet side, battery pile, liquid flow battery liquid storage tank.The lasting output of electric power echelon complementation stabilization, heat internal and external equilibrium are energy-efficient during the work time for system.For system by the synthetic operation of flow battery and accumulator, when accumulator decaying inactivation causes state-of-charge bad or even shuts down, flow battery carries out echelon supplement as controllable supplement charge storage unit to system discharge, maintains the continual and steady supply of supply side electric power.Simultaneity factor is using fluid cell electrolyte circulation line as thermal balance pipeline, the balance that internal system heat is realized by flowing of the electrolyte between battery pile, current transfer device, liquid stream battery stack, fluid reservoir realizes that the heat of the internal system temperature difference and the external environment temperature difference adjusts by the allotment between fluid reservoir heat insulation tank, cooling tank two parts electrolyte.

Description

A step-by-step complementary electric-thermal balance storage and charging system and method

technical field

The invention relates to a charging system and method, in particular to a step-by-step complementary electric-thermal balance storage charging system and method.

Background technique

With the continuous development of new energy utilization technology, new energy vehicles have ushered in great development in the world, especially in China. With the dual support of technology and policy, my country's new energy vehicles, especially pure electric vehicles, continue to grow at a rate of nearly 300,000 per year. The emergence of a large number of pure electric vehicles means that my country's demand for charging piles and charging and swapping stations is increasing. At present, the ratio of domestic charging facilities to new energy vehicles is maintained at about 1:4, which is far from the standardized 1:1. Far.

At present, charging and swapping stations on the market mainly use charging piles as the main current conversion device. Its structure is relatively simple, mainly composed of three parts: input, output and control. According to the charging method, it can be divided into DC charging piles, AC charging piles and AC-DC integration. There are three kinds of charging piles. These three types of charging equipment all need to rely on the grid to provide instant power, which will not only bring a lot of pressure on the grid, but also affect its stable operation due to problems such as "power limit" and "blackout" of the grid. At the same time, during the operation of the charging and swapping station, its internal converter, especially the transformer device, will generate a lot of heat during the operation. The generation of waste heat will not only cause energy waste, but also greatly affect the work of the charging pile. Efficiency and service life, and changes in the external environment temperature also bring great difficulties to the stable operation of the system. In addition, because the charging and swapping station relies on a fixed power network, its scope of use is limited to a certain fixed area. For some areas that the power grid cannot reach, such as frontiers and deserted islands, charging and swapping stations cannot be used stably and conveniently. .

With the development of power grid peak-shaving requirements and intermittent and unstable renewable energy technologies such as solar energy and wind energy, energy storage technology is gradually applied to charging and swapping systems. The energy storage technology can play a good role in peak regulation for the energy storage of the traditional idle time grid, and at the same time, the energy storage of the renewable energy can ensure the continuous and uniform output of power. In the current battery energy storage technology, the charging and discharging system generally uses lead-acid batteries, nickel-metal hydride batteries, lithium-ion batteries, etc. During the operation of this type of technology, a large amount of waste heat is often generated, which causes power waste and seriously affects its work efficiency. At the same time, its Changes in the state of charge during operation, unexpected situations such as power outages, and battery life attenuation cannot be supplemented and resolved in a timely and effective manner, which also seriously affects the development and large-scale application of power storage and charging systems.

In recent years, my country has successively issued the "Energy Saving and New Energy Vehicle Industry Development Plan (2012-2020)", "Guiding Opinions on Accelerating the Promotion and Application of New Energy Vehicles", "Technical Policy on the Recycling and Utilization of Electric Vehicle Power Batteries (2015 Edition)", " A number of policy documents, such as industry standard conditions for the comprehensive utilization of waste power batteries of new energy vehicles, and the Interim Measures for the Administration of Industry Standards for the Comprehensive Utilization of Waste Power Batteries of New Energy Vehicles, require strengthening the cascade utilization and recycling management of power lithium batteries, research and formulation of power lithium batteries Recycling policies, establishing and improving the recycling system of waste power lithium batteries, strengthening industry management and recycling supervision, etc. However, due to the problems of waste heat, low efficiency, and short life in the process of utilization, the recycling of power lithium batteries and other batteries has not yet been effectively implemented .

Flow battery technology is a new type of energy storage technology, which converts "electrical energy-chemical energy-electrical energy" through the gain and loss of active material electrons (valence state changes) dissolved in the circulating electrolyte, and then realizes the storage and release of electrical energy. . Compared with other energy storage technologies, flow batteries have the advantages of independent output power and capacity, flexible system design, fast response, low self-discharge rate, independent charge and discharge process, and long service life. more and more applications. However, the energy efficiency of the flow battery is relatively low during the cycle process, and an appropriate increase in temperature can effectively improve the working efficiency of the battery, and the additional power consumption brought about by the heating process also affects the operating cost of the flow battery.

Traditional current conversion devices rely on real-time power supply from the power grid and the waste heat generated seriously affects their work efficiency. Traditional battery energy storage technology and waste storage batteries are inconvenient and flexible to supplement electric energy during operation, and their lifespan is low. Waste heat also affects work efficiency. Flow batteries The low energy density of the electrolyte is not suitable for small-scale energy storage, and the work efficiency is low. It needs to be properly heated to improve the efficiency. The change of the external environment temperature during the start-up or operation of the charge-discharge system brings great challenges to the safe start-up and stable operation of the system. , these four types of problems have been affecting the further development and application of its technology. Therefore, a charging system with complementary power, heat balance, high efficiency, stability, and strong adaptability is urgently needed.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a step-by-step complementary electricity-heat balance storage and charging system and method for stable and continuous output of electric power step-by-step complementarity and energy-saving and efficient operation of internal and external heat balance during operation.

To achieve the above purpose, the system of the present invention includes: a flow battery stack connected to the renewable energy power system and the grid at the charging inlet side, a current conversion device and a storage battery stack, and the power output of the flow battery stack and the storage battery stack The two sides are respectively connected to the current conversion device, and the power output terminal of the current conversion device is connected to the electrical equipment. The electrolyte outlet of the flow battery stack is connected with the liquid storage tank of the flow battery and the battery stack in turn through the electrolyte circulation heat balance pipeline. and the current conversion device are connected to form a closed loop.

The flow battery stack includes a flow battery collector plate, a flow battery positive electrode, a flow battery exchange membrane, and a flow battery negative electrode. The flow battery collector plate is located on both sides of the flow battery positive electrode and the flow battery negative electrode. The positive electrode of the flow battery and the negative electrode of the flow battery are connected through the exchange membrane of the flow battery, and the positive electrode of the flow battery and the negative electrode of the flow battery are respectively connected to the flow battery positive electrolyte outlet circulation heat balance tube connected to the liquid storage tank of the flow battery Road, liquid flow battery negative electrode electrolyte outlet circulation heat balance pipeline.

The electrolyte of the flow battery stack adopts an electrolyte with redox characteristics, that is, it contains redox pairs V ⁴⁺ /V ⁵⁺ , V ²⁺ /V ³⁺ , Cr ²⁺ /Cr ³⁺ , Fe ^{2 +} /Fe ³⁺ , Mn ²⁺ /Mn ³⁺ inorganic electrolyte, organic electrolyte based on alloxazine, nitroxyl radical or quinone, containing lithium sulfide, lithium titanate, lithium nickel manganese oxide or polymer Polymer nanofluid electrolytes.

The current collecting plate of the liquid flow battery is a conductive metal or carbon material, the positive electrode of the liquid flow battery is a conductive metal material or carbon material with a porous structure, and the exchange membrane of the liquid flow battery is a cation exchange membrane, an anion An exchange membrane or a neutral exchange membrane, the negative electrode of the liquid flow battery adopts a conductive metal material or carbon material with a porous structure.

The liquid storage tank of the flow battery includes a flow battery positive electrolyte liquid storage tank insulation tank and a liquid flow battery connected to the positive electrode electrolyte outlet circulation heat balance pipeline of the flow battery with a flow battery liquid storage tank inlet control valve. Cooling tank of battery positive electrolyte liquid storage tank, flow battery negative electrode electrolyte liquid storage tank heat preservation tank with flow battery liquid storage tank inlet control valve connected with flow battery negative electrode electrolyte outlet circulation heat balance pipeline, liquid flow Battery negative electrode electrolyte liquid storage tank heat preservation tank, the flow battery positive electrode electrolyte liquid storage tank heat preservation tank and flow battery positive electrode electrolyte liquid storage tank cooling tank, flow battery negative electrode electrolyte liquid storage tank heat preservation tank and liquid The outlet of the negative electrode electrolyte storage tank of the flow battery and the heat preservation tank pass through the circulation heat balance pipeline of the positive electrode electrolyte inlet of the flow battery and the inlet of the negative electrode electrolyte of the flow battery, which are wound on the outside of the battery stack and the current conversion device. The circulation heat balance pipeline is connected to the positive pole of the flow battery and the negative pole of the flow battery, and is placed in the heat preservation tank of the positive electrolyte storage tank of the flow battery, the cooling tank of the positive electrolyte storage tank of the flow battery, and the negative electrolyte storage tank of the flow battery The outlet pipelines of the tank insulation tank and the flow battery negative electrolyte storage tank insulation tank are also equipped with a flow battery positive electrolyte circulation pump and a flow battery negative electrolyte circulation pump.

The heat preservation tank of the positive electrode electrolyte liquid storage tank of the flow battery and the heat preservation tank of the negative electrode electrolyte liquid storage tank of the flow battery adopt a pressure vessel with heat preservation function, and the outer wall thereof is composed of heat preservation materials or heat preservation structures. The flow battery The cooling tank of the positive electrolyte storage tank and the cooling tank of the negative electrolyte storage tank of the flow battery adopt a pressure vessel with heat dissipation function, and its outer wall is made of metal with high thermal conductivity, graphite material or heat pipe and fin structure with high heat dissipation area.

The current conversion device adopts a DC-DC current conversion device, a DC-AC current conversion device or an AC-AC current conversion device.

The storage battery stack is composed of lead-acid storage battery, nickel metal hydride battery, lithium ion battery or waste lithium battery.

The step-by-step complementary electric-thermal balance storage and charging method of the present invention comprises the following steps:

Step S100: multiple system charging and double thermal balance:

System charging includes three methods: direct charging through the grid, direct charging through renewable energy, and direct replacement of the electrolyte after charging. These three methods realize the diversification of charging;

1) Direct charging through the grid or renewable energy power system: the current from the grid or renewable energy power system enters the flow battery stack and the control valve is fully opened, and the positive and negative electrolytes of the flow battery are circulated in the positive and negative electrolytes of the flow battery Under the action of the pump, it flows through the battery stack, the current conversion device enters the flow battery stack, and then returns to the positive and negative electrolyte storage tanks of the flow battery for circulation. The charged positive electrolyte enters the positive electrode of the flow battery and undergoes an oxidation reaction to lose electrons. The charged negative electrode electrolyte enters the negative electrode of the flow battery and undergoes a reduction reaction to obtain electrons to complete the charging of the positive and negative electrolyte of the flow battery. At the same time, the current from the grid or renewable energy power system is transmitted to the battery stack to complete the charging of the battery stack. ;

2) Directly replace the charged electrolyte: put the charged electrolyte directly into the positive and negative electrolyte storage tanks of the flow battery, fully open the control valve of the flow battery stack, and the positive and negative electrolyte of the flow battery The positive and negative electrolytes of the flow battery flow through the battery stack and the current conversion device enters the flow battery stack under the action of the circulating pump, and then flow back to the positive and negative electrolyte storage tanks of the flow battery for circulation, in which the charged positive electrolyte enters the liquid The positive electrode of the flow battery undergoes a reduction reaction to obtain electrons, and the charged negative electrode electrolyte enters the negative electrode of the flow battery to undergo an oxidation reaction and loses electrons to start the discharge of the flow battery stack, and the current is transmitted to the battery stack through the power transmission network to complete the charging of the battery;

The thermal balance of the system includes two methods: the thermal balance when the working unit is overheated, and the thermal balance when the working unit is started or the operating temperature is too low. Through these two methods, the thermal complementary balance of the system can be achieved:

Heat balance when the working unit is overheated: During the above-mentioned charging process, the battery stack generates a lot of waste heat. The positive electrolyte of the flow battery and the negative electrolyte are cooled from the positive electrolyte storage tank of the flow battery and the flow battery respectively during the circulation process. The negative electrolyte liquid storage tank flows out of the cooling tank, flows through the battery stack for heat exchange, and takes away the excess heat of the battery. The heated electrolyte flows into the flow battery stack to improve the working efficiency of the flow battery, and finally flows into the positive electrode electrolyte storage of the flow battery. The heat preservation tank of the liquid tank and the negative electrode electrolyte storage tank of the flow battery are kept warm in case the temperature is too low for the system to heat up;

Heat balance when the working unit is started or the operating temperature is too low: When the external environment temperature of the system is too low, the electrolyte of the flow battery is transferred from the positive electrolyte and the negative electrolyte of the flow battery to the positive electrolyte storage of the flow battery during the circulation process. Liquid tank insulation tank, liquid flow battery negative electrolyte storage tank The insulation tank flows out and flows through the battery stack for heat exchange to provide heat for the battery stack. At the same time, the cooled electrolyte flows into the flow battery positive electrolyte storage tank cooling tank , The cooling tank of the negative electrode electrolyte storage tank of the flow battery is used for cooling, in case the system temperature is too high to cool down;

Step S200: System balance discharge and internal and external heat balance:

System discharge: the battery stack is directly discharged through the current conversion device, the battery stack and the flow battery stack are discharged in stages, and the flow battery stack is fully open for emergency situations:

The battery stack is directly discharged through the current conversion device: connect the battery stack circuit, and the current generated by the battery stack directly enters the current conversion device to realize conversion and enter the corresponding power consumption unit of the power equipment to realize system discharge;

Complementary discharge of battery stacks and flow battery stacks: When the state of charge of the battery stack is not good, the flow battery stack participates in the discharge as a supplementary power storage unit, that is, the quantity control of the flow battery stack control valve is selected according to the state of charge of the battery stack The flow battery stack participates in the single battery unit of redox, the positive electrolyte of the flow battery and the negative electrolyte of the flow battery flow through the battery stack under the action of the positive electrolyte circulation pump of the flow battery and the negative electrolyte circulation pump of the flow battery, The current conversion device enters the flow battery stack and then flows back to the positive liquid storage tank of the flow battery and the negative liquid storage tank of the flow battery for circulation. The charged positive electrolyte enters the positive electrode of the flow battery to undergo a reduction reaction to obtain electrons. The negative electrolyte of the flow battery enters the negative electrode of the flow battery to undergo an oxidation reaction and loses electrons to start the discharge of the flow battery stack. The current generated by the flow battery stack and the battery stack enters the current conversion device to be converted into the corresponding power unit of the power equipment to realize system discharge;

Fully open the flow battery in an emergency: When the battery stack, renewable energy power system or power grid fails to cause a power outage, the control valve of the flow battery stack is fully opened, and the positive electrolyte of the flow battery and the negative electrode of the flow battery are electrolyzed. Under the action of the flow battery positive electrolyte circulation pump and the flow battery negative electrolyte circulation pump, the liquid flows through the battery stack, the current conversion device enters the flow battery stack, and then flows back to the flow battery positive liquid storage tank and the flow battery negative storage tank. Circulation in the liquid tank, the charged positive electrode electrolyte enters the positive electrode of the flow battery to undergo a reduction reaction to obtain electrons, and the charged negative electrode electrolyte enters the negative electrode of the flow battery to undergo an oxidation reaction and lose electrons to start the discharge of the flow battery stack. The current generated by the stack enters the current conversion device to realize conversion and enters the power consumption unit corresponding to the power equipment to realize system discharge;

The thermal balance of the system includes two methods: the thermal balance when the working unit is overheated, and the thermal balance when the working unit is started or the operating temperature is too low. Through these two methods, the thermal complementary balance of the system can be achieved:

Heat balance when the working unit is overheated: In the process of direct discharge of the battery stack through the current conversion device, the positive electrolyte and the negative electrolyte are respectively cooled by the positive electrolyte storage tank of the flow battery and the negative electrolyte storage tank of the flow battery. The tank cooling tank flows out, flows through the battery and the current conversion device for heat exchange, takes away the excess heat from the battery and the current conversion device, and returns it to the positive electrolyte storage tank insulation tank of the flow battery, and the negative electrolyte storage tank of the flow battery insulation tank;

In the two processes of complementary discharge of the battery stack and the flow battery, and full discharge of the flow battery in emergency situations, the number of openings of the branches where the electrolyte of the flow battery flows into the flow battery stack is selected according to the discharge requirements, and the positive electrode electrolyte and the negative electrode During the circulation process, the electrolyte flows out from the cooling tank of the positive electrolyte storage tank of the flow battery and the cooling tank of the negative electrolyte storage tank of the flow battery, flows through the battery and the current conversion device for heat exchange and takes away the battery and the current conversion device With excess heat, the electrolyte of the flow battery flows into the flow battery stack to undergo a redox reaction. The heated electrolyte is conducive to the redox reaction, and flows back to the positive electrode electrolyte storage tank of the flow battery, the heat preservation tank of the flow battery The heat preservation tank of the negative electrode electrolyte storage tank transfers the heat generated during the charging of the battery stack and the current conversion device to the flow battery stack through the electrolyte;

Thermal balance when the work cell is started or running too cold:

During the direct discharge process of the battery stack through the current conversion device, the positive electrolyte and the negative electrolyte are respectively insulated by the positive electrolyte liquid storage tank of the flow battery and the negative electrolyte liquid storage tank of the flow battery during the electrolyte circulation process. The tank flows out, flows through the battery and the current conversion device for heat exchange, provides heat for the battery and the current conversion device, and returns to the cooling tank of the positive electrolyte storage tank of the flow battery, and the cooling tank of the negative electrolyte storage tank of the flow battery for preparation Required for system heating up when the temperature is too low;

In the two processes of complementary discharge of the battery stack and the flow battery, and full discharge of the flow battery in an emergency, the positive electrolyte and negative electrolyte of the flow battery are respectively supplied from the positive electrolyte storage tank of the flow battery during the circulation process. The insulated tank and the flow battery negative electrolyte storage tank flow out of the insulated tank, flow through the battery stack and the current conversion device to provide heat for the battery stack and the current conversion device, and the flow battery electrolyte flows into the flow battery stack to undergo oxidation-reduction reactions, and Return to the cooling tank of the positive electrode electrolyte liquid storage tank of the flow battery and the cooling tank of the negative electrode electrolyte liquid storage tank of the flow battery for cooling, in case the temperature is too high to cool down.

In the present invention, the traditional storage battery is used as the main power storage unit, and the flow battery is used as the supplementary power storage unit. Through the increase and decrease of the working unit of the flow battery, the system is supplied with cascade power supply to ensure the continuous and stable output current of the system; at the same time, the electrolyte of the flow battery is circulated. As a heat balance pipeline, the pipeline regulates the temperature among the flow battery, traditional battery, current conversion device, and liquid storage tank without additional work through the flow of electrolyte during the operation of the flow battery, and internally regulates the local temperature of the system. The temperature in the case of overheating or overcooling adapts to the external environment temperature changes of the system to ensure the stable and efficient operation of each unit in the system.

Under the guarantee of an efficient heat balance pipeline, the system uses traditional batteries or even waste batteries of electric vehicles as the main power storage unit, which can maintain the continuous operation of the system at a stable and safe temperature. The charging process of the system as a whole can play the role of grid peak regulation by charging at night or in idle time through the grid, reducing charging costs; it can also be directly charged by renewable energy such as solar energy and wind energy that have intermittent and fluctuating problems, reducing renewable energy. The difficulty of energy grid connection; at the same time, it is also possible to directly replace the charged electrolyte in the liquid flow battery liquid storage tank to complete the fast charging process. During the discharge process of the system, the power stored in the traditional battery stack can be continuously discharged. When the state of charge is low, a certain number of flow battery units can be turned on according to the demand for power supplementation. to maintain the stable operation of the system.

As can be seen from the above technical solutions, the present invention has the following advantages:

1. The system maintains thermal balance during operation, adjusts internal heat distribution to stabilize the operation of the working unit and adapts to changes in ambient temperature to ensure efficient and stable operation of the system. When the working unit in the system is overheated, the cooled electrolyte transfers the waste heat generated during the operation of the battery and the current conversion device to the flow battery without additional work, improving the work of the battery, the current conversion device and the flow battery efficiency, while storing excess heat; when the system starts or the operating temperature is too low, the electrolyte that stores heat transfers heat from the liquid storage tank to the battery, current conversion device, and flow battery without additional work, ensuring Stable and efficient operation of storage batteries, current conversion devices and flow batteries.

2. During the discharge process of the system, the steps complement each other to maintain electrical balance and ensure the continuous and stable output power of the system. Through three discharge modes, the discharge process of the system is guaranteed to be more efficient and stable. Through the coordinated operation of the flow battery and the storage battery, the flow battery can be used as a controllable supplementary power storage unit to supplement the discharge of the system in stages when the battery is in a poor state of charge or shut down. , avoiding the impact of battery attenuation and accidents on system discharge, and maintaining the continuous and stable operation of the system.

3. The charging method of the system is more diverse and free, using traditional electricity at a lower cost, using renewable energy more directly, realizing the charging process more efficiently, and charging by-products can bring higher economic benefits. The charging system as a whole can play the role of grid peak regulation by charging at night or in idle time through the grid, reducing charging costs; it can also directly charge renewable energy such as solar and wind energy with intermittent and fluctuating problems, reducing the cost of renewable energy and It can also directly replace the charged electrolyte to complete the fast charging process; at the same time, the electrolyte obtained by low-cost charging can also be exported from the system for sale and used for discharge of other flow battery devices.

4. The system is highly adaptable and can also be distributed. The battery stack in the system can use waste lithium batteries and other waste batteries. The long-term and stable operation of the system can be ensured through the electric-thermal balance. The liquid storage tank in the device can be adjusted according to the demand, and the maximum storage energy of the device can be adjusted without limitation. It is suitable for charging equipment in remote areas. The system can also prepare fully charged flow battery electrolyte during the charging process, which can be exported for charging and discharging of flow batteries and electric fuel cells. device.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic composition diagram of a step-by-step complementary electric-thermal balance storage and charging system provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a flow battery stack in a cascaded complementary electric-thermal balance power storage and charging system structure provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of distribution of flow battery electrolyte circulation heat balance pipelines in a cascaded complementary electric-thermal balance power storage and charging system structure provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

In the figure, 1-renewable energy power system; 2-flow battery stack; 3-grid; 4-current conversion device; 5-power equipment; 6-battery stack; 7-flow battery liquid storage tank;

21-flow battery stack control valve, 22-flow battery positive electrolyte inlet circulation heat balance pipeline, 22-1 flow battery positive electrolyte outlet circulation heat balance pipeline, 23-flow battery negative electrolyte inlet circulation heat balance pipe 23-1 flow battery cathode electrolyte outlet circulation heat balance pipeline, 24-flow battery collector plate, 25-flow battery positive electrode, 26-flow battery exchange membrane, 27-flow battery negative electrode;

71-Flow battery liquid storage tank inlet control valve, 71-1 Flow battery liquid storage tank outlet control valve, 72-Flow battery positive electrolyte liquid storage tank insulation tank, 73-Flow battery positive electrolyte liquid storage tank Cooling tank, 74-flow battery negative electrolyte storage tank insulation tank, 75-flow battery negative electrolyte storage tank cooling tank, 76-flow battery positive electrolyte circulation pump, 78-flow battery negative electrolyte circulation pump .

Detailed ways

The present invention will be described in further detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

Referring to FIG. 1 , the present invention includes a flow battery stack 2 and a battery stack 6 whose charging inlet sides are respectively connected to a renewable energy power system 1 and a power grid 3 . The power output sides of the flow battery stack 2 and battery stack 6 are respectively Connected to the current conversion device 4, the power output end of the current conversion device 4 is connected to the electrical equipment 5, and the electrolyte outlet of the flow battery stack 2 is sequentially connected to the flow battery liquid storage tank 7 through the electrolyte circulation heat balance pipeline , battery stack 6, and current conversion device 4 are connected to form a closed loop.

Referring to FIG. 2, the flow battery stack of the present invention includes a flow battery collector plate 27, a flow battery positive electrode 24, a flow battery exchange membrane 25, and a flow battery negative electrode 26. The flow battery collector plate 27 is located on the On both sides of the positive electrode 24 and the negative electrode 26 of the flow battery, the positive electrode 24 of the flow battery and the negative electrode 26 of the flow battery are connected through the exchange membrane 25 of the flow battery. The flow battery positive electrode electrolyte outlet circulation heat balance pipeline 22-1 connected to the battery liquid storage tank 7, and the flow battery negative electrode electrolyte outlet circulation heat balance pipeline 23-1.

Among them, the electrolyte of the flow battery stack 2 adopts the electrolyte with redox characteristics, that is, contains the redox pairs V ⁴⁺ /V ⁵⁺ , V ²⁺ /V ³⁺ , Cr ²⁺ /Cr ³⁺ , Fe ^{2 +} /Fe ³⁺ , Mn ²⁺ /Mn ³⁺ inorganic electrolyte, organic electrolyte based on alloxazine, nitroxyl radical or quinone, containing lithium sulfide, lithium titanate, lithium nickel manganese oxide or polymer Polymer nanofluid electrolyte; the flow battery collector plate 27 is a conductive metal or carbon material, the positive electrode 24 of the flow battery adopts a conductive metal material or carbon material with a porous structure, and the flow battery exchange The membrane 25 is a cation exchange membrane, an anion exchange membrane or a neutral exchange membrane, and the negative electrode 26 of the flow battery is a conductive metal material or carbon material with a porous structure.

Referring to FIG. 3 , the liquid storage tank 7 of the flow battery of the present invention includes a flow battery positive electrode electrolyzer with a flow battery liquid storage tank inlet control valve 71 connected to the flow battery positive electrolyte outlet circulation heat balance pipeline 22-1. Liquid storage tank heat preservation tank 72 and flow battery positive electrode electrolyte liquid storage tank cooling tank 73, connected to flow battery negative electrode electrolyte outlet circulation heat balance pipeline 23-1 with flow battery liquid storage tank inlet control valve 71 The liquid flow battery negative electrode electrolyte liquid storage tank heat preservation tank 74, the flow battery negative electrode electrolyte liquid storage tank heat preservation tank 75, the flow battery positive electrode electrolyte liquid storage tank heat preservation tank 72 and the flow battery positive electrode electrolyte liquid storage tank The outlets of the cooling tank 73 of the liquid tank, the heat preservation tank 74 of the negative electrode electrolyte liquid storage tank of the flow battery, and the heat preservation tank 75 of the negative electrode electrolyte liquid storage tank of the flow battery pass through the flow battery wound on the outside of the battery stack 6 and the current conversion device 4 The stack control valve 21 is connected to the flow battery positive electrode 24 and the flow battery negative electrode 26, and is connected to the flow battery positive electrode 24 and the flow battery negative electrode 26. Electrolyte liquid storage tank heat preservation tank 72 and flow battery positive electrode electrolyte liquid storage tank cooling tank 73, flow battery negative electrode electrolyte liquid storage tank heat preservation tank 74 and the outlet pipe of flow battery negative electrode electrolyte liquid storage tank heat preservation tank 75 Also installed on the road are a liquid flow battery positive electrode electrolyte circulation pump 76 and a liquid flow battery negative electrode electrolyte circulation pump 77.

The heat preservation tank 72 of the positive electrode electrolyte liquid storage tank of the flow battery and the heat preservation tank 74 of the negative electrode electrolyte liquid storage tank of the flow battery of the present invention adopt a pressure vessel with heat preservation function, and the outer wall thereof is composed of heat preservation materials or heat preservation structures. The cooling tank 73 of the positive electrolyte storage tank of the flow battery and the cooling tank 75 of the negative electrolyte storage tank of the flow battery adopt a pressure vessel with a heat dissipation function, and its outer wall is made of metal with high thermal conductivity, graphite, heat pipes, fins or high heat dissipation. The structural composition of the area.

The current conversion device 4 is a DC-DC current conversion device, a DC-AC current conversion device or an AC-AC current conversion device.

The battery stack 6 is a stack composed of lead-acid batteries, nickel-metal hydride batteries, lithium-ion batteries or waste lithium batteries.

The step-by-step complementary electric-thermal balance storage and charging method of the present invention comprises the following steps:

Step S100: multiple system charging and double thermal balance:

System charging includes three methods: direct charging through the grid, direct charging through renewable energy such as solar energy and wind energy, and direct replacement of the electrolyte after charging. These three methods realize the diversification of charging.

Direct charging through the grid: 3 currents from the grid side enter the system, the control valve 21 of the flow battery stack is fully opened, and the positive electrolyte of the flow battery and the negative electrolyte of the flow battery are circulated by the positive electrolyte circulation pump 76 of the flow battery and the flow battery Under the action of the negative electrode electrolyte circulation pump 77, it flows through the battery stack 6 and the current conversion device 4 into the flow battery stack 2, and then flows back to the positive electrode liquid storage tank 72-73 of the flow battery, and the negative electrode liquid storage tank 74-75 of the flow battery. Circulation, wherein the charged positive electrolyte enters the positive electrode 24 of the flow battery to undergo an oxidation reaction and loses electrons, and the charged negative electrolyte enters the negative electrode 26 of the flow battery to undergo a reduction reaction to obtain electrons to complete the positive and negative electrolytes of the flow battery 2 Charging, at the same time, the current from the grid side 3 is transmitted to the storage battery 6 to complete the charging process of the storage battery 6;

Direct charging through renewable energy: the current from the renewable energy side 1 enters the system, the control valve 21 of the flow battery stack is fully opened, and the positive electrolyte of the flow battery and the negative electrolyte of the flow battery are circulated by the positive electrolyte circulation pump 76 of the flow battery Under the action of the flow battery negative electrode electrolyte circulation pump 77, it flows through the battery stack 6, the current conversion device 4 enters the flow battery stack 2, and then flows back to the positive electrode liquid storage tank 72-73 of the flow battery, and the negative electrode liquid storage tank 74 of the flow battery -75, wherein the charged positive electrode electrolyte enters the positive electrode 24 of the flow battery to undergo an oxidation reaction and loses electrons, and the charged negative electrode electrolyte enters the negative electrode 26 of the flow battery to undergo a reduction reaction to obtain electrons to complete the positive and negative electrodes of the flow battery. The electrolyte is charged, and the current from the renewable energy side 1 is transmitted to the battery stack 6 to complete the charging process of the battery 6;

Directly replace the charged electrolyte: put the charged electrolyte directly into the positive liquid storage tank 72-73 of the flow battery and the negative liquid storage tank 74-75 of the flow battery, and fully open the control valve 21 of the flow battery stack. Further, the positive electrolyte of the flow battery and the negative electrolyte of the flow battery flow through the battery stack 6 and the current conversion device 4 into the flow battery under the action of the positive electrolyte circulation pump 76 of the flow battery and the negative electrolyte circulation pump 77 of the flow battery The stack 2 then flows back to the positive electrode liquid storage tank 72-73 of the flow battery and the negative electrode liquid storage tank 74-75 of the flow battery for circulation, wherein the charged positive electrode electrolyte enters the positive electrode 24 of the flow battery to undergo a reduction reaction to obtain electrons, charge The final negative electrode electrolyte enters the negative electrode 26 of the flow battery to undergo an oxidation reaction and loses electrons to start the discharge of the flow battery stack 2, and the current is transmitted to the battery stack 6 through the power transmission network to complete the charging process of the battery 6.

The thermal balance of the system includes two methods: the thermal balance when the working unit is overheated, and the thermal balance when the working unit is started or the operating temperature is too low. Through these two methods, the thermal complementary balance of the system can be achieved.

Heat balance when the working unit is overheated: In the above three charging processes, the battery 6 generates a large amount of waste heat which affects its working efficiency, and the positive electrolyte of the liquid flow battery. During the circulation process, the negative electrode electrolyte flows out from the cooling tank 73 of the positive electrode electrolyte liquid storage tank of the flow battery and the cooling tank 75 of the negative electrode electrolyte liquid storage tank of the flow battery, and flows through the battery 6 for heat exchange to take away the excess heat of the battery 6 Further, the electrolyte of the flow battery flows into the flow battery stack 2 to undergo a redox reaction, and the heated electrolyte is conducive to the redox reaction, further improving the working efficiency of the flow battery 2, and using the electrolyte to charge the battery 6 The heat transfer is transferred to the flow battery 2 without additional work, and at the same time, the working efficiency of the battery and the flow battery is improved. At the same time, the heated electrolyte flows into the positive electrode electrolyte liquid storage tank insulation tank 72 of the flow battery, and the negative electrode electrolyte liquid storage tank insulation tank 74 of the flow battery for heat preservation, in case the temperature is too low at night, etc. for the system to heat up.

Heat balance when the working unit is started or the operating temperature is too low: When the external environment temperature of the system is too low (such as at night), the battery 6 needs a certain temperature to start or maintain high-efficiency operation. The positive electrode electrolyte and the negative electrode electrolyte of the flow battery respectively flow out from the heat preservation tank 72 of the positive electrode electrolyte liquid storage tank of the flow battery and the heat preservation tank 74 of the negative electrode electrolyte liquid storage tank of the flow battery, and flow through the battery 6 for heat exchange to supply heat for the battery 6 Further, the electrolyte of the flow battery flows into the flow battery stack 2 to undergo a redox reaction, and the electrolyte provides heat for the battery 6 and the flow battery 2 without additional work, so as to ensure the stable and efficient operation of the battery 6 and the flow battery 2. At the same time, the cooled electrolyte flows into the cooling tank 73 of the positive electrode electrolyte liquid storage tank of the flow battery and the cooling tank 75 of the negative electrode electrolyte liquid storage tank of the flow battery for cooling, in case the system temperature is too high during the daytime for cooling.

Step S200: System balance discharge and internal and external heat balance:

The discharge of the system includes three methods: the battery is directly discharged through the current conversion device, the battery and the flow battery are discharged in a complementary manner, and the flow battery is fully opened for emergency. Electric balance is achieved through these four methods.

The battery is directly discharged through the current conversion device: connected to the circuit of the battery stack 6, the current generated by the battery stack 6 directly enters the current conversion device 4 for conversion, and further enters the corresponding power consumption unit at the power outlet side 5 to realize the system discharge process.

Ladder complementary discharge of battery and flow battery: when the state of charge of battery 6 is not good, flow battery 2 participates in discharge as a supplementary power storage unit, that is, according to the state of charge of battery 6, open the control valve 21 of the flow battery stack to further control the quantity The flow battery stack 2 is a single battery unit that participates in redox. The positive electrolyte of the flow battery and the negative electrolyte of the flow battery flow through the battery stack 6 and the current conversion device 4 into the flow battery stack under the action of the positive electrolyte circulation pump 76 of the flow battery and the negative electrolyte circulation pump 77 of the flow battery 2 and then flow back to the positive electrode liquid storage tank 72-73 of the flow battery and the negative electrode liquid storage tank 74-75 of the flow battery for circulation, wherein the charged positive electrode electrolyte enters the positive electrode 24 of the flow battery to undergo a reduction reaction to obtain electrons. The negative electrode electrolyte enters the negative electrode 26 of the flow battery to undergo an oxidation reaction and loses electrons to start the discharge of the flow battery stack 2 . The current generated by the flow battery stack 2 and the battery stack 6 enters the current conversion device 4 to realize conversion, and further enters the corresponding power consumption unit on the power outlet side 5 to realize the system discharge process.

The flow battery is fully open for emergency situations: when the battery 6 or the grid 3 fails and causes a power outage, the flow battery 2 acts as a supplementary power storage unit to maintain the continuous and stable operation of the system. The control valve 21 of the flow battery stack is fully opened, and the positive electrolyte of the flow battery and the negative electrolyte of the flow battery flow through the battery stack under the action of the positive electrolyte circulation pump 76 of the flow battery and the negative electrolyte circulation pump 77 of the flow battery 6. The current conversion device 4 enters the flow battery stack 2 and then flows back to the positive liquid storage tank 72-73 of the flow battery and the negative liquid storage tank 74-75 of the flow battery for circulation, wherein the charged positive electrolyte enters the liquid flow The positive electrode 24 of the battery undergoes a reduction reaction to obtain electrons, and the charged negative electrode electrolyte enters the negative electrode 26 of the flow battery, undergoes an oxidation reaction and loses electrons to start the discharge of the flow battery stack 2, and the current generated by the flow battery stack 2 enters the current conversion device 4 for conversion. , and further enter the power consumption unit corresponding to the power outlet side 5 to realize the system discharge process.

The thermal balance of the system includes two methods: the thermal balance when the working unit is overheated, and the thermal balance when the working unit is started or the operating temperature is too low. Through these two methods, the thermal complementary balance of the system can be achieved.

Heat balance when the working unit is overheated: In the above three charging processes, both the battery and the current conversion device generate a large amount of waste heat, which affects their working efficiency. The circulation of the flow battery electrolyte can achieve the heat balance of the system.

In the process of directly discharging the battery through the current conversion device, the branch of the flow battery electrolyte circulation pipeline independent of the flow battery stack is opened, and the other branches are closed to realize the flow battery electrolyte without participating in charging and discharging. Circulation, during the circulation process, the positive electrode electrolyte and the negative electrode electrolyte respectively flow out from the cooling tank 73 of the positive electrode electrolyte liquid storage tank of the flow battery and the cooling tank 75 of the negative electrode electrolyte liquid storage tank of the flow battery, and flow through the battery 6 and the current conversion device 4 Carry out heat exchange to take away excess heat from the battery 6 and the current conversion device 4, and return it to the positive electrode electrolyte liquid storage tank insulation tank 72 of the flow battery, and the negative electrode electrolyte liquid storage tank insulation tank 74 of the flow battery to lift the battery 6 and The working efficiency of the current conversion device 4.

In the two processes of sequential complementary discharge of the battery and the flow battery, and full discharge of the flow battery in an emergency, the branch of the electrolyte circulation pipeline of the flow battery that is independent of the flow battery stack 2 is closed and flows into the flow battery stack. The number of branch circuits to be opened is selected according to the discharge requirements. During the circulation process, the positive electrolyte and the negative electrolyte flow out from the cooling tank 73 of the positive electrolyte storage tank of the flow battery and the cooling tank 75 of the negative electrolyte storage tank of the flow battery. , flows through the battery 6 and the current conversion device 4 for heat exchange to take away the excess heat from the battery 6 and the current conversion device 4, and further flows the flow battery electrolyte into the flow battery stack 2 to undergo redox reactions, and the heated electrolyte is beneficial to The progress of the redox reaction further improves the working efficiency of the flow battery 2 , and flows back to the heat preservation tank 72 of the positive electrode electrolyte liquid storage tank of the flow battery and the heat preservation tank 74 of the negative electrode electrolyte liquid storage tank of the flow battery. The heat generated during the charging of the battery 6 and the current conversion device 4 is transferred to the flow battery 2 through the electrolyte without additional work, and the working efficiency of the battery 6, the current conversion device 4 and the flow battery 2 is improved at the same time.

Heat balance when the working unit starts or the operating temperature is too low: When the external environment temperature is too low (such as night, winter), the starting or operating temperature of the working unit in the system is too low to be conducive to the efficient operation of the system, which requires storage in the electrolyte The electrolyte in the tank provides heat to the working units of the system through heat exchange to ensure normal operation.

In the process of directly discharging the battery through the current conversion device, the branch of the flow battery electrolyte circulation pipeline independent of the flow battery stack is opened, and the other branches are closed to realize the flow battery electrolyte without participating in charging and discharging. Circulation, during the circulation process, the positive electrode electrolyte and the negative electrode electrolyte respectively flow out from the positive electrode electrolyte liquid storage tank insulation tank 72 of the flow battery and the negative electrode electrolyte liquid storage tank insulation tank 74 of the flow battery, and flow through the battery 6 and the current conversion device 4 Perform heat exchange to provide heat for the storage battery 6 and the current conversion device 4, and return the heat to the cooling tank 73 of the positive electrode electrolyte liquid storage tank of the flow battery, and the cooling tank 75 of the negative electrode electrolyte liquid storage tank of the flow battery in case the temperature is too low at night It is necessary for the time system to heat up to ensure the stable and efficient operation of the battery 6 and the current conversion device 4 .

In the two processes of sequential complementary discharge of the battery and the flow battery, and full discharge of the flow battery in an emergency, the branch of the electrolyte circulation pipeline of the flow battery that is independent of the flow battery stack 2 is closed and flows into the flow battery stack. The number of branch circuits to be opened is selected according to the discharge requirements. During the circulation process, the positive electrolyte and the negative electrolyte flow out from the flow battery positive electrolyte storage tank insulation tank 72 and the flow battery negative electrolyte storage tank insulation tank 74 respectively. , flow through the storage battery 6 and the current conversion device 4 to provide heat for the storage battery 6 and the current conversion device 4, and further flow battery electrolyte flows into the flow battery stack 2 to undergo redox reactions, and then flows back to the positive electrode electrolyte storage of the flow battery The cooling tank 73 of the liquid tank and the cooling tank 75 of the negative electrolyte storage tank of the flow battery are cooled to prepare for cooling down when the system temperature is too high during the daytime. The electrolyte at a certain temperature flows through the storage battery 6, the current conversion device 4, and the flow battery 2 to ensure that the device starts up safely and operates stably and efficiently at a safe temperature.

This device creatively proposes a cascade complementary electric-thermal balance storage and charging system and method. During the working process of the system, the power cascade complementary is stable and continuous output, and the internal and external heat balance is energy-saving and efficient. This creative design makes each unit of the system electric- Thermal synergy and complementarity, compared with traditional systems, it is more sustainable, stable, efficient, energy-saving, and environmentally friendly.

The system maintains thermal balance during operation, and adjusts the internal heat to stabilize the operating temperature of the working unit to adapt to changes in ambient temperature to ensure efficient and stable operation of the system. When the working unit in the system is overheated, the cooled electrolyte transfers the waste heat generated during the operation of the battery and the current conversion device to the flow battery without additional work, improving the work of the battery, the current conversion device and the flow battery efficiency, while storing excess heat; when the system starts or the operating temperature is too low, the electrolyte that stores heat transfers heat from the liquid storage tank to the battery, current conversion device, and flow battery without additional work, ensuring Stable and efficient operation of storage batteries, current conversion devices and flow batteries.

Echelon complementation in the discharge process of the system maintains electrical balance and ensures continuous and stable output power of the system: four discharge modes are used to ensure that the discharge process of the system is more efficient and stable. As a controllable supplementary power storage unit, the flow battery supplements the discharge of the system step by step, avoiding the impact of battery attenuation and accidents on the discharge of the system, and maintaining the continuous and stable operation of the system.

The charging method of the system is more diverse and free, using traditional electricity at a lower cost, using renewable energy more directly, realizing the charging process more efficiently, and charging by-products can bring higher economic benefits. The charging system as a whole can play the role of grid peak regulation by charging at night or in idle time through the grid, reducing charging costs; it can also directly charge renewable energy such as solar and wind energy with intermittent and fluctuating problems, reducing the cost of renewable energy and It can also directly replace the charged electrolyte to complete the fast charging process; at the same time, the electrolyte obtained by low-cost charging can also be exported from the system for sale and used for discharge of other flow battery devices.

The system has strong adaptability and can also be distributed: the battery stack in the system can use waste batteries such as waste lithium batteries, and the system can be guaranteed to run stably through electricity-heat balance. The volume of the liquid storage tank in the device can be adjusted according to the demand. Energy storage, charging and discharging process can be achieved by directly adding electrolyte and other methods to achieve complete off-grid operation, suitable for charging equipment in remote areas, the system can also prepare fully charged flow battery electrolyte during the charging process, and can be exported for use Used in charging and discharging devices such as liquid flow batteries and electric fuel cells.

Claims (9)

1. a kind of echelon complementary electrical-thermal balance storing up electricity charging system, it is characterised in that：Including charging entrance side and regenerative resource Electric system (1), power grid (3) connected liquid stream battery stack (2), current transfer device (4) and battery pile (6), the liquid Galvanic battery heap (2) and the electric power outlet side of battery pile (6) are connected with current transfer device (4) respectively, current transfer device (4) Power output end be connected with electrical equipment (5), the electrolyte outlet of the liquid stream battery stack (2) is flat through electrolyte cycling hot Weighing apparatus pipeline is connected with liquid flow battery liquid storage tank (7), battery pile (6), current transfer device (4) successively constitutes closed circulation time Road.

2. echelon complementary electrical according to claim 1-thermal balance storing up electricity charging system, it is characterised in that：The liquid stream Battery pile includes that current collector of liquid flow battery plate (27), flow battery positive (24), flow battery exchange membrane (25) and flow battery are negative Pole (26), current collector of liquid flow battery plate (27) are located at positive (24) and flow battery cathode (26) both sides of flow battery, flow battery Positive (24) are connected with flow battery cathode (26) by flow battery exchange membrane (25), flow battery anode (24) and liquid stream electricity The flow battery anode electrolyte outlet cycling hot being connected with liquid flow battery liquid storage tank (7) is also respectively connected on pond cathode (26) Balance pipeline (22-1), flow battery electrolyte liquid outlet cycling hot balance pipeline (23-1).

3. echelon complementary electrical according to claim 1 or 2-thermal balance storing up electricity charging system, it is characterised in that：The liquid The electrolyte of galvanic battery heap (2) uses the electrolyte with redox characteristic to contain oxidation-reduction pair V⁴⁺/V⁵⁺、V²⁺/V^{3 +}、Cr²⁺/Cr³⁺、Fe²⁺/Fe³⁺、Mn²⁺/Mn³⁺Inorganic electrolyte liquid, the organic electrolysis based on alloxazine, nitroxyl radicals or quinones Liquid, the nano-fluid electrolyte containing lithium sulfide, lithium titanate, Li, Ni, Mn oxide or high molecular polymer.

4. echelon complementary electrical according to claim 2-thermal balance storing up electricity charging system, it is characterised in that：The liquid stream Battery current collecting plate (27) is the metal or carbon material of conduction, and flow battery anode (24) is using leading with porous structure Electric metal material or carbon material, the flow battery exchange membrane (25) using cation-exchange membrane, anion-exchange membrane or in Property exchange membrane, the flow battery cathode (26) using with porous structure conductive metallic material or carbon material.

5. echelon complementary electrical according to claim 1 or 2-thermal balance storing up electricity charging system, it is characterised in that：The liquid Galvanic battery fluid reservoir (7) includes being connected with flow battery anode electrolyte outlet cycling hot balance pipeline (22-1) with liquid stream Flow battery anode electrolyte fluid reservoir heat insulation tank (72) and flow battery the anode electricity of battery fluid reservoir inlet control valve (71) Liquid fluid reservoir cooling tank (73) is solved, what is be connected with flow battery electrolyte liquid outlet cycling hot balance pipeline (23-1) carries liquid Flow battery electrolyte liquid fluid reservoir heat insulation tank (74), the flow battery negative electricity of galvanic battery fluid reservoir inlet control valve (71) Solve liquid fluid reservoir heat insulation tank (75), the flow battery anode electrolyte fluid reservoir heat insulation tank (72) and flow battery anode electricity Solve liquid fluid reservoir cooling tank (73), flow battery electrolyte liquid fluid reservoir heat insulation tank (74) and the storage of flow battery electrolyte liquid The outlet of flow container heat insulation tank (75) passes through the band liquid stream battery stack that is wrapped on the outside of battery pile (6) and current transfer device (4) Flow battery anode electrolyte entrance cycling hot balance pipeline (22), the flow battery electrolyte liquid entrance of control valve (21) follow Ring thermal balance pipeline (23) is connected with flow battery positive (24) and flow battery cathode (26), and in flow battery anolyte Liquid fluid reservoir heat insulation tank (72) and flow battery anode electrolyte fluid reservoir cooling tank (73), flow battery electrolyte liquid liquid storage It is also equipped on the export pipeline of tank heat insulation tank (74) and flow battery electrolyte liquid fluid reservoir heat insulation tank (75), flow battery Anode electrolyte circulating pump (76), flow battery electrolyte liquid circulating pump (77).

6. echelon complementary electrical according to claim 5-thermal balance storing up electricity charging system, which is characterized in that the liquid stream Anode electrolyte fluid reservoir heat insulation tank (72), flow battery electrolyte liquid fluid reservoir heat insulation tank (74) are using with heat preservation The pressure vessel of function, outer wall are made of thermal insulation material or insulation construction, the flow battery anode electrolyte fluid reservoir Cooling tank (73), flow battery electrolyte liquid fluid reservoir cooling tank (75) use the pressure vessel with heat sinking function, outside Wall is the metal of high heat conductance, the heat pipe of graphite material or high heat dissipation area, fin structure.

7. echelon complementary electrical according to claim 1-thermal balance storing up electricity charging system, it is characterised in that：The electric current Conversion equipment (4) is using DC-DC current transfer device, DC-AC current transfer device or the conversion of Communication-Communication electric current Device.

8. echelon complementary electrical according to claim 1-thermal balance storing up electricity charging system, it is characterised in that：The electric power storage Chi Dui (6) is using lead-acid accumulator, the pile of Ni-MH battery, lithium ion battery or waste lithium cell composition.

9. a kind of echelon complementary electrical of device as described in claim 1-thermal balance storing up electricity charging method, which is characterized in that including Following steps：

Step S100：The various charging of system and dual thermal balance：

System charging includes three kinds of modes：It plugged in by power grid, plugged in by regenerative resource, directly replace and charge Electrolyte afterwards realizes the diversification of charging by these three modes；

1) it is plugged in by power grid or type power system of renewable energy：The electricity of power grid (3) or type power system of renewable energy (1) Stream enters liquid stream battery stack control valve (21) standard-sized sheet, and flow battery positive and negative electrode electrolyte is followed in flow battery positive and negative electrode electrolyte Battery pile (6) is flowed through under ring pump (76,77) effect, current transfer device (4) is back to liquid stream again into liquid stream battery stack (2) It is recycled in battery positive and negative electrode electrolyte fluid reservoir, the anode electrolyte after charging enters flow battery positive (24) and occurs Oxidation reaction, which loses the electrolyte liquid after electronics, charging and enters flow battery cathode (26), to be occurred reduction reaction to obtain electronics complete The charging of pairs of flow battery (2) positive and negative anodes electrolyte, the electric current for being simultaneously from power grid (3) or type power system of renewable energy pass It is handed to charging of battery pile (6) completion to battery pile (6)；

2) electrolyte after charging is directly replaced：Electrolyte after charging is directly loadable into the storage of flow battery positive and negative electrode electrolyte In flow container, liquid stream battery stack control valve (21) standard-sized sheet, flow battery positive and negative electrode electrolyte is in flow battery positive and negative electrode electrolyte Battery pile (6) is flowed through under circulating pump (76,77) effect, current transfer device (4) is back to liquid again into liquid stream battery stack (2) It is recycled in galvanic battery positive and negative electrode electrolyte fluid reservoir, wherein the anode electrolyte after charging enters flow battery positive (24) hair The electrolyte liquid that original is obtained by the reaction after electronics, charging of surviving enters flow battery cathode (26) generation oxidation reaction and loses electronics Start the electric discharge of liquid stream battery stack (2), electric current is transferred to battery pile (6) by power delivery networks and completes to accumulator (6) Charging；

System heat balance includes two ways：Thermal balance when working cell overheats, working cell starts or running temperature is too low When thermal balance, realize that the heating power of system is complementary balanced by both modes：

Thermal balance when working cell overheats：Battery pile (6) generates a large amount of waste heat, flow battery in above-mentioned charging process Anode electrolyte, electrolyte liquid is in cyclic process respectively from flow battery anode electrolyte fluid reservoir cooling tank (73), liquid Galvanic battery electrolyte liquid fluid reservoir cooling tank (75) flows out, and flows through battery pile (6) progress heat exchange and takes away accumulator (6) Extra heat, the electrolyte after heating flow into liquid stream battery stack (2) and promote flow battery working efficiency, finally flow into liquid stream electricity Pond anode electrolyte fluid reservoir heat insulation tank (72), flow battery electrolyte liquid fluid reservoir heat insulation tank (74) are kept the temperature, in case When temperature is too low needed for system heating；

Thermal balance when working cell starts or running temperature is too low：When system ambient temperature is too low, flow battery electricity Solution liquid is in cyclic process from flow battery anode electrolyte, electrolyte liquid respectively from flow battery anode electrolyte fluid reservoir Heat insulation tank (72), flow battery electrolyte liquid fluid reservoir heat insulation tank (74) outflow, flow through battery pile (6) and carry out heat exchange Heat is supplied for battery pile (6), meanwhile, the electrolyte after cooling flows into flow battery anode electrolyte fluid reservoir cooling tank (73), flow battery electrolyte liquid fluid reservoir cooling tank (75) is cooled down, in case when system temperature is excessively high needed for cooling；

Step S200：System echelon electric discharge balance and inside and outside thermal balance：

System discharge：Battery pile is directly discharged by current transfer device, and battery pile is put with liquid stream battery stack echelon complementation Electricity, the electric discharge of liquid stream battery stack emergency standard-sized sheet：

Battery pile is directly discharged by current transfer device：Connect battery pile (6) circuit, the electricity that battery pile (6) generates Stream is directly entered current transfer device (4) realization and is transferred into the corresponding power unit realization system discharge of power equipment (5)；

Battery pile is discharged with liquid stream battery stack echelon complementation：When battery pile (6) state-of-charge is bad, liquid stream battery stack (2) electric discharge is participated in as supplement storing up electricity unit, i.e., is selected to open liquid stream battery stack control valve according to battery pile (6) state-of-charge (21) quantity control liquid stream battery stack (2) participates in redox single cell units, flow battery anode electrolyte, flow battery Electrolyte liquid is under the action of flow battery anode electrolyte circulating pump (76), flow battery electrolyte liquid circulating pump (77) Flow through battery pile (6), current transfer device (4) is back to flow battery anode fluid reservoir again into liquid stream battery stack (2) It is recycled in (72-73), flow battery cathode fluid reservoir (74-75), wherein the anode electrolyte after charging enters liquid stream electricity Pond anode (24) occurs reduction reaction and obtains the electrolyte liquid after electronics, charging and enter flow battery cathode (26) aoxidizing Reaction loses the electric discharge that electronics starts liquid stream battery stack (2), and the electric current that liquid stream battery stack (2), battery pile (6) generate enters electricity Stream conversion device (4) realization is transferred into the corresponding power unit of power equipment (5) and realizes system discharge；

Flow battery emergency standard-sized sheet discharges：Occur in battery pile (6), type power system of renewable energy (1) or power grid (3) When failure causes the power failure loss of power accident, liquid stream battery stack control valve (21) standard-sized sheet, flow battery anode electrolyte, flow battery are negative Pole electrolyte flows under the action of flow battery anode electrolyte circulating pump (76), flow battery electrolyte liquid circulating pump (77) It is back to flow battery anode fluid reservoir (72- again into liquid stream battery stack (2) through battery pile (6), current transfer device (4) 73) it, is recycled in flow battery cathode fluid reservoir (74-75), the anode electrolyte after charging enters flow battery anode (24) occur reduction reaction obtain the electrolyte liquid after electronics, charging enter flow battery cathode (26) occur oxidation reaction lose De-electromation starts the electric discharge of liquid stream battery stack (2), and the electric current that liquid stream battery stack (2) generates enters current transfer device (4) realization It is transferred into the corresponding power unit of power equipment (5) and realizes system discharge；

System heat balance includes two ways：Thermal balance when working cell overheats, working cell starts or running temperature is too low When thermal balance, realize that the heating power of system is complementary balanced by both modes：

Thermal balance when working cell overheats：During battery pile directly discharges this by current transfer device, anode Electrolyte, electrolyte liquid are respectively by flow battery anode electrolyte fluid reservoir cooling tank (73), flow battery electrolyte liquid Fluid reservoir cooling tank (75) flow out, flow through accumulator (6), current transfer device (4) carry out heat exchange take away accumulator (6) and The extra heat of current transfer device (4), and it is back to flow battery anode electrolyte fluid reservoir heat insulation tank (72), flow battery Electrolyte liquid fluid reservoir heat insulation tank (74)；

During battery pile and flow battery echelon complementation electric discharge, flow battery emergency standard-sized sheet discharge both, liquid The branch that galvanic battery electrolyte flows into liquid stream battery stack needs to select to open quantity, anode electrolyte, electrolyte according to electric discharge Liquid is in cyclic process respectively by flow battery anode electrolyte fluid reservoir cooling tank (73), flow battery electrolyte liquid liquid storage Tank cooling tank (75) flows out, and flows through accumulator (6) and current transfer device (4) carries out heat exchange and takes away accumulator (6) and electricity The extra heat of stream conversion device (4), fluid cell electrolyte flow into liquid stream battery stack (2) and redox reaction, heating occur Electrolyte afterwards is conducive to the progress of redox reaction, and is back to flow battery anode electrolyte fluid reservoir heat insulation tank (72), flow battery electrolyte liquid fluid reservoir heat insulation tank (74), by electrolyte by battery pile (6) and current transfer device (4) heat transfer that generates is to liquid stream battery stack (2) in charging；

Thermal balance when working cell starts or running temperature is too low：

In battery pile by the direct discharge process of current transfer device, fluid cell electrolyte cyclic process anolyte Liquid, electrolyte liquid are respectively by flow battery anode electrolyte fluid reservoir heat insulation tank (72), flow battery electrolyte liquid liquid storage Tank heat insulation tank (74) flows out, and flows through accumulator (6), current transfer device (4) carries out heat exchange and turns for accumulator (6) and electric current Changing device (4) provides heat, and is back to flow battery anode electrolyte fluid reservoir cooling tank (73), flow battery electrolyte Liquid fluid reservoir cooling tank (75) is in case when temperature is too low needed for system heating；

During battery pile and flow battery echelon complementation electric discharge, flow battery emergency standard-sized sheet discharge both, liquid Galvanic battery anode electrolyte, electrolyte liquid are in cyclic process respectively by flow battery anode electrolyte fluid reservoir heat insulation tank (72), flow battery electrolyte liquid fluid reservoir heat insulation tank (74) flows out, and flows through battery pile (6) and current transfer device (4) Heat is provided for battery pile (6), current transfer device (4), fluid cell electrolyte flows into liquid stream battery stack (2) and aoxidizes Reduction reaction, and it is back to flow battery anode electrolyte fluid reservoir cooling tank (73), flow battery electrolyte liquid fluid reservoir Cooling tank (75) is cooled down, in case when the temperature is excessively high needed for cooling.