CN108555433A - Double mode keyhole-free friction stir spot welding equipment - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of double mode keyhole-free friction stir spot welding equipment, including outer housing（5）, the outer housing（5）Top is equipped with handle（6）, the outer housing（5）Interior installation power motor（1）；The power motor（1）Pass through box coupling（7）Connect driving shaft（25）, the driving shaft（25）Pass through driving shaft gear thereon（8）With driven shaft（26）On driven shaft gear（9）Engagement, the driven shaft（26）Pass through dive key（10）With main shaft（11）Upper end connects；The main shaft（11）Lower end probe is installed by screw thread（12）.Present device is on the basis of realizing keyhole-free friction stir spot welding, the volume and weight of equipment greatly reduces, and reduces the requirement to operator's physical efficiency and technology, while there are two types of bond patterns for tool, it can be conducive to equipment according to welding condition optimum selecting and give full play to its welding potential.

Description

Dual Mode Keyhole Friction Stir Spot Welding Equipment

technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of spot welding, in particular to a dual-mode keyhole-less friction stir spot welding equipment.

Background technique

In recent years, aluminum, magnesium and other lightweight alloys have been widely used in automobiles, locomotives, aerospace and other fields, and their connection technology has inevitably become the focus of research. At present, the more common aluminum alloy welding technology is resistance spot welding. The characteristics of resistance spot welding determine that it has the advantages of less consumables and lower product quality. However, the resistance spot welding of aluminum alloys, especially high-strength aluminum alloys, faces some difficulties: first, metallurgical defects such as pores and cracks are prone to appear in the joints, which significantly reduces the quality of the joints; second, the electrode life of aluminum alloy resistance spot welding is longer than that of steel The life of the electrode used for the material is short; the third is that the surface quality of the solder joint is poor, and the surface of the electrode is easy to adhere to the workpiece.

Friction stir spot welding is a new solid phase joining technology. Compared with resistance spot welding, it has the following advantages: high joint quality, less defects, simple process, low energy consumption, low equipment investment, long life of stirring head and environmental protection.

At present, it is more common to have keyhole friction stir spot welding, that is, after the welding is completed, a keyhole similar in size to the head of the stirring pin will be left in the welding spot area. However, the existence of the keyhole not only affects the appearance of the joint, but also reduces the effectiveness of the joint. The bearing area reduces the mechanical properties of the joint. In this case, keyhole-less friction stir spot welding was applied. The current keyhole friction stir spot welding equipment is mainly developed by the German GKSS Research Institute and Riftic Company. Its disadvantages are that the equipment is bulky, the control system is complicated, and the price is expensive. When the needle moves up, the sleeve and the probe need to be equipped with control systems to achieve the desired effect.

Due to the large size of the current friction stir spot welding equipment, complex control, limited working dimensions, and less dense joints, the flexibility is poor when welding small areas or large complex structural parts, and the welding mode cannot be adjusted according to the actual situation. regulation, in which case the present invention is applied.

Contents of the invention

In order to solve the deficiencies of the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a welding machine with two welding modes, a simple control system (the probe and the sleeve are linked), portable, and can realize keyhole-free welding at the same time, and has high adaptability to the welding position. Innovative friction stir spot welding equipment to meet the welding needs of the manufacturing field.

The present invention is realized by adopting the following technical solutions:

A dual-mode keyhole-less friction stir spot welding equipment, comprising an outer casing, a handle is provided on the top of the outer casing, and a power motor is installed in the outer casing; the power motor is connected to a driving shaft through a sleeve coupling, and the The driving shaft meshes with the driven shaft gear on the driven shaft through the driving shaft gear on it, and the driven shaft is connected with the upper end of the main shaft through a guide flat key; the probe is installed on the lower end of the main shaft through threads; the upper part of the main shaft is Angular contact ball bearing sets the main shaft sleeve, and the two sides of the main shaft sleeve are symmetrically provided with the main shaft sleeve rack; The barrel is processed by an electromagnet and is fixed to the bottom of the casing by bolts; the upper surface of the sleeve is located on both sides of the main shaft and is symmetrically provided with sleeve racks; the casing is located on both sides of the main shaft and symmetrically installed with two deep groove ball bearings A stepping gear shaft is connected to the stepping motor through a flange coupling, on which the pinion gear meshes with the sleeve rack, and the bull gear meshes with the main shaft sleeve rack.

The equipment is mainly composed of power motor, transmission mechanism, welding mechanism, feeding mechanism, shell and handle. The transmission mechanism is composed of a shaft gear pair and a main shaft, and is connected with the power motor through a sleeve coupling. The feeding mechanism is composed of a stepping motor and a feeding device (gear and rack). The stepping motor and the main shaft of the stepping mechanism are connected through a flange coupling, and the reverse movement of the probe and the sleeve is realized through the rack and pinion. The transmission mechanism is associated with the feed mechanism through angular contact ball bearings, so that the movements of the two are linked. The end of the main shaft is connected with the welding mechanism through threads. This equipment can control the sequence of the movement of the probe and the sleeve by controlling the stepping motor and the rotation direction of the spindle, so as to realize dual-mode friction stir spot welding. Specifically, the equipment adopts the design of double rack and pinion reverse feed, which links the movement of the probe and the sleeve in the welding mechanism, and has dual welding modes (mode 1: the probe moves down first to enter the workpiece, and the sleeve moves up) , then the probe moves up and the sleeve moves down to fill the keyhole, as shown in Figure 6; Mode 2: the sleeve moves down first to enter the workpiece, the probe moves up, and then the probe moves down and the sleeve moves up to fill the keyhole, as shown in Figure 7 Shown), different modes can be selected for friction stir spot welding according to welding conditions, base metal properties, base metal plate thickness, and welding quality requirements.

When in use, the outer casing of the dual-mode keyhole-less friction stir spot welding equipment is provided with an operation panel, which is controlled by a digital circuit so as to perform operation programming according to process requirements.

The invention has a reasonable design, and while improving the adaptability of the equipment, it simplifies the operation steps, the control system, and the structure of some parts in the traditional friction stir spot welding equipment, reduces the requirements for the operator's operation technology, and also enables the operator There is one more welding mode to choose during welding, which is beneficial to reduce welding cost and energy consumption, improve welding quality and production efficiency, and has good market application value.

Description of drawings

Figure 1 shows a schematic diagram of a dual-mode portable keyhole-less friction stir spot welding equipment with a linkage device.

Figure 2 shows a schematic diagram of the transmission mechanism.

Figure 3 shows a schematic diagram of the welding mechanism.

Fig. 4 shows a front view of the feed mechanism.

Figure 5 shows a side view of the feed mechanism.

Fig. 6 shows a schematic diagram of the welding mechanism at the beginning of welding in the mode.

Fig. 7 shows a schematic diagram of the welding mechanism when welding starts in mode 2.

In the figure: 1-power motor, 2-transmission mechanism, 3-welding mechanism, 4-stepping mechanism, 5-outer shell, 6-handle, 7-sleeve coupling, 8-driving shaft gear, 9- Driven shaft gear, 10-guide flat key, 11-spindle, 12-probe, 13-sleeve, 14-compression sleeve, 15-stepping gear shaft, 16-big gear, 17-spindle sleeve, 18 -spindle sleeve rack, 19-sleeve rack, 20-flange coupling, 21-stepper motor, 22-common flat key, 23-angular contact ball bearing, 24-deep groove ball bearing, 25-drive Axle, 26-driven shaft, 27-pinion, 28-guiding sleeve, 29-workpiece to be welded.

Detailed ways

Specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

As shown in Figure 1, a dual-mode portable keyhole friction stir spot welding equipment with a linkage device mainly includes a power motor 1, a transmission mechanism 2, a welding mechanism 3, a feeding mechanism 4, an outer shell 5, and a handle 6.

The power motor 1 is preferably a three-phase AC speed-regulating brake motor.

As shown in Figure 2, the transmission mechanism 2 is composed of a driving shaft 25, a driven shaft 26, a guide flat key 10, and a main shaft 11. The driving shaft 25 is connected with the power motor 1 through a sleeve coupling 7, and the driving shaft 25 passes through it. The driving shaft gear 8 meshes with the driven shaft gear 9 on the driven shaft 26, and the driven shaft 26 and the main shaft 11 are connected through the guide flat key 10. The main shaft 11 is provided with a keyway, so that it can realize expansion and contraction while rotating, and improve the quality of the equipment. Stability of internal device working conditions.

As shown in Figure 3, the welding mechanism 3 is composed of a probe 12, a sleeve 13, a compression sleeve 14, etc.; the probe 12 and the main shaft 11 are connected by threads; Linkage with the sleeve. The double racks are respectively fixed on the main shaft sleeve 17 and the rack connecting rod extending from the sleeve 13 through nuts.

As shown in Figures 4 and 5, the stepping mechanism consists of a stepping motor 21, a stepping gear shaft 15, a main shaft sleeve 17, a main shaft sleeve rack 18, a sleeve rack 19, a flange coupling 20 and a deep groove ball Bearings 24 etc.; one end of the step gear shaft 15 is connected with the step motor 21 through a flange coupling 20, and is installed in the outer shell 5 through a deep groove ball bearing 24.

The specific connection relationship is as follows: the lower end of the main shaft 11 is installed with the probe 12 through the thread; The lower end of the bar 18 is located in the guide sleeve 28 on the upper surface of the sleeve 13; the movable sleeve at the bottom of the main shaft 11 has a sleeve 13, and the bottom of the sleeve 13 is covered with a compression sleeve 14. The compression sleeve 14 is processed by an electromagnet and is fixed on the The inner bottom of the outer shell 5 is to meet the self-sustaining requirements in the welding process; the upper surface of the sleeve 13 is located on both sides of the main shaft 11 and is symmetrically provided with sleeve racks 19; There are two stepping gear shafts 15, the stepping gear shaft 15 is connected with the stepping motor 21 through the flange coupling 20, wherein the small gear 27 is the original gear of the stepping gear shaft 15, and the large gear is passed through the common flat key 22 Installed on the stepping gear shaft 15, the pinion 27 meshes with the sleeve rack 19, and the bull gear 16 meshes with the main shaft sleeve rack 18.

The outer casing 5 is made of polymer material, and the top of the outer casing 5 is provided with a stainless steel handle 6 to meet the requirement of light weight; the outer casing 5 is also provided with an operation panel for operation programming and mode selection.

The dual-mode portable non-keyhole friction stir spot welding equipment with linkage device can be controlled by digital circuit, and the welding program can be written according to the process requirements.

The following example illustrates the working process of the dual-mode keyhole-less friction stir spot welding equipment with linkage.

1. Formulate the welding process according to the material category and thickness of the workpiece to be welded, including the spindle speed, the residence time of the sleeve and the probe on the workpiece surface, the penetration speed and penetration depth of the probe, the lifting speed and lifting of the sleeve degree, the residence time of the probe inside the workpiece, the lifting speed and lifting height of the probe, the pressing speed and pressing distance of the sleeve.

2. Write the welding program according to the determined welding process and store it in the controller of the equipment.

3. Align the device to the position to be welded. For non-magnetic metals, place a magnetic metal pad on the back of the position to be welded, and then activate the electromagnet control switch to position the device accurately.

4. Turn on the electrical switch, transfer to the welding program, and execute the welding command. Before welding, the end face of the probe, the end face of the sleeve, the end face of the compression sleeve and the surface of the workpiece to be welded are on the same plane. After the welding starts, the compression sleeve remains in a static state, the probe rotates and moves down to stir the part to be welded, and the sleeve moves up synchronously, leaving a cavity to store the spilled metal. When the probe moves down to the specified depth, the probe Move up and leave a cavity, at the same time the sleeve is pressed down synchronously, squeezing the overflow metal into the cavity. Finally, the end face of the probe, the end face of the sleeve, the end face of the compression sleeve and the surface of the workpiece return to the original position, and the probe rotates with a delay for a period of time to eliminate the stirring lines on the surface and complete the entire welding process.

5. When the welding process is over, turn off the electromagnet control switch, and at the same time take out the magnetic metal pad properly and remove the equipment.

On the basis of keyhole-free friction stir spot welding, the equipment of the present invention greatly reduces the volume and weight of the equipment, reduces the requirements on the physical fitness and technology of the operator, and has two welding modes at the same time, which can be selected according to the welding conditions. It is conducive to the equipment to give full play to its welding potential, maximize the use of its advantages, and improve the welding quality and production efficiency. Finally, the equipment adopts digital control when welding, which makes the welding quality stable and repeatable, and allows automatic welding with other tooling Production

Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention rather than limit them. Although detailed descriptions have been made with reference to the embodiments of the present invention, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that the technical solutions of the present invention are modified Or equivalent replacements do not deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, and all of them should be included in the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims (3)

1. A dual-mode keyhole-less friction stir spot welding equipment, comprising an outer casing (5), a handle (6) is provided on the top of the outer casing (5), and a power motor ( 1); it is characterized in that: the power motor (1) is connected to the driving shaft (25) through the sleeve coupling (7), and the driving shaft (25) is connected to the driven shaft through the driving shaft gear (8) on it The driven shaft gear (9) on (26) is engaged, and the driven shaft (26) is connected to the upper end of the main shaft (11) through the guide flat key (10); the lower end of the main shaft (11) is threaded to install the probe ( 12); the upper part of the main shaft (11) is fitted with a main shaft sleeve (17) through an angular contact ball bearing (23), and the main shaft sleeve (17) is symmetrically provided with a main shaft sleeve rack (18) on both sides; the The lower part of the main shaft (11) is fitted with a sleeve (13), and the bottom of the sleeve (13) is covered with a compression sleeve (14). The compression sleeve (14) is processed by an electromagnet and fixed on the The inner bottom of the outer casing (5); the upper surface of the sleeve (13) is located on both sides of the main shaft (11) and the sleeve rack (19) is symmetrically provided; the outer casing (5) is located on both sides of the main shaft (11) and passes through The deep groove ball bearing (24) is symmetrically installed with two stepping gear shafts (15), and the stepping gear shafts (15) are connected with the stepping motor (21) through the flange coupling (20), and the small The gear (27) is engaged with the sleeve rack (19), and the bull gear (16) is engaged with the main shaft sleeve rack (18). 2. The dual-mode keyhole-less friction stir spot welding equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: the lower end of the spindle sleeve rack (18) is located in the guide sleeve (28) on the upper surface of the sleeve (13). 3. The dual-mode keyhole-less friction stir spot welding equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: the power motor (1) is a three-phase AC speed regulating brake motor.