CN108542606B - individual first aid kit - Google Patents
individual first aid kit Download PDFInfo
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- CN108542606B CN108542606B CN201810157704.8A CN201810157704A CN108542606B CN 108542606 B CN108542606 B CN 108542606B CN 201810157704 A CN201810157704 A CN 201810157704A CN 108542606 B CN108542606 B CN 108542606B
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- gauze
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F17/00—First-aid kits
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L24/00—Surgical adhesives or cements; Adhesives for colostomy devices
- A61L24/02—Surgical adhesives or cements; Adhesives for colostomy devices containing inorganic materials
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L2400/00—Materials characterised by their function or physical properties
- A61L2400/04—Materials for stopping bleeding
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- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Epidemiology (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Surgery (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
- Vascular Medicine (AREA)
- Medicinal Preparation (AREA)
- Materials For Medical Uses (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of individual first-aid kit, including first aid pack housing and it is located at the intracorporal emergency aid articles of shell, the emergency aid articles include essential wind oil, adhesive bandage, culicifuge, bandage and gauze;The gauze is timely hemostatic gauze, including carrier material and hemostatic material, wherein hemostatic material is mainly zeolite and kaolinic composition, further includes potassium chloride.Individual first-aid kit of the invention is capable of providing faster haemostatic effect, while without burning sensation and tingling sensation.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to Military Medical health fields, more particularly to a kind of man first-aid for being equipped with timely hemostatic gauze
Packet.
Background technique
According to statistical data, in the war of medium earthquake intensity, in combat casualty personnel there are about five/first is that person killed in action.Its
In, died accounts for 40% at once, accounts for 25% in 5 minutes after wound, accounts for 15% after wound in 5-30 minutes, accounts within 30 minutes or more after wound
20%.The major causes of death of the wounded is massive blood loss, and hemostasis in time is the treatment most effective means of the part wounded after wound.
Foreign military attaches great importance to battlefield self and mutual medical aid work.The army of most NATO countries and Israeli troops require, under normal circumstances, with
First aid mission is completed in the self and mutual medical aid of officers and men.Researching and developing advanced individual first-aid kit can further improve self and mutual medical aid level,
Obtain multinational be widely recognized as.However, China also continues to use tourniquet and bandage currently used for the equipment of emergency care of trauma, first aid mode and
First aid effect is all unable to satisfy the demand of the emergency care of trauma such as the non-war disaster of modern war wound emergency treatment and China, anti-terrorism, explosion-proof development.
For timely hemostatic gauze, high molecular polysaccharide and mineral-type materials are concentrated on using more hemostatic material.It grinds
Study carefully show high molecular polysaccharide hemostatic material in terms of reducing blood loss and reducing the death rate relative to traditional material without obvious excellent
Gesture.As time goes by, people are increasingly turned to using inorganic hemostatic material.Firstly, zeolite hemostatic material anthemorrhagic speed is fast, do not have
There is bio-toxicity.The first aid of severe haemorrhage wound is used within 2002 by FDA approval.However, the main secondary work of this kind of hemostatic material
With being to generate exothermic effects, local organization is caused to be burnt, to there is burning sensation.Some researches show that exothermic effects highest can make office
Portion's temperature is increased to 90 DEG C.Therefore, such hemostatic material is not still able to satisfy being required for ideal hemostatic material.People again will
Sight is transferred to clay class hemostatic material.More representative is kaolin.Kaolin hemostatic material haemostatic effect is more prominent,
Blood coagulation be can promote without causing complication, army's first choice hemostatic material is appointed as by U.S. army and NATO Force.However, this kind of
The major side effects of hemostatic material be stop blooding not enough rapidly, need to often use muti-piece gauze.
In view of the above technical defects, there is an urgent need to develop a kind of individual first-aid kit for being equipped with new timely hemostatic gauze.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a kind of individual first-aid kits for being equipped with timely hemostatic gauze.The outfit
The individual first-aid kit of new timely hemostatic gauze is capable of providing faster haemostatic effect, while without burning sensation and tingling sensation.
To solve the above-mentioned problems, the present invention takes following technical scheme:
A kind of individual first-aid kit, including first aid pack housing and it is located at the intracorporal emergency aid articles of shell, the emergency aid articles include
Essential wind oil, adhesive bandage, culicifuge, bandage and gauze;It is characterized in that, the gauze is timely hemostatic gauze.
Individual first-aid kit according to the present invention, wherein the timely hemostatic gauze includes carrier material and hemostatic material
Material.
Individual first-aid kit according to the present invention, wherein the carrier material is medical non-woven fabrics.
Individual first-aid kit according to the present invention, wherein the hemostatic material is mainly zeolite and kaolinic combination
Object.
Individual first-aid kit according to the present invention, wherein the zeolite and kaolinic weight ratio are 1:(3-5).It is excellent
Selection of land, the zeolite and kaolinic weight ratio are 1:(3-4.5);It is highly preferred that the zeolite and kaolinic weight ratio are
1:(3.5-4.5);And most preferably, the zeolite and kaolinic weight ratio are 1:(4-4.5).
In a specific embodiment, the zeolite and kaolinic weight ratio are 1:4.2.
Individual first-aid kit according to the present invention, wherein the average grain diameter of the zeolite is 20-100 microns.It is preferred that
Ground, the average grain diameter of the zeolite are 40-100 microns;It is highly preferred that the average grain diameter of the zeolite is 60-100 microns;With
And most preferably, the average grain diameter of the zeolite is 80-100 microns.
In a specific embodiment, the average grain diameter of the zeolite is 90 microns.
Individual first-aid kit according to the present invention, wherein the kaolinic average grain diameter is 0.1-1 microns.It is preferred that
Ground, the kaolinic average grain diameter are 0.1-0.8 microns;It is highly preferred that the kaolinic average grain diameter is that 0.1-0.6 is micro-
Rice;And most preferably, the kaolinic average grain diameter is 0.1-0.3 microns.
In a specific embodiment, the kaolinic average grain diameter is 0.2 micron.
Individual first-aid kit according to the present invention, wherein the hemostatic material further includes potassium chloride.
Individual first-aid kit according to the present invention, wherein the timely hemostatic gauze is prepared by the following method to obtain:
The zeolite of specified particle diameter and kaolin particle are uniformly mixed, the weight ratio of the two is 1:(3-5);Then chlorine is added
Change potassium, polyethylene alcohol and water, obtains suspension after mixing evenly;Will be on suspension spray to carrier material and dry, obtain and
When hemostatic gauze.
Individual first-aid kit according to the present invention, wherein the weight ratio of the zeolite and potassium chloride is 1:(0.2-
0.5).Preferably, the weight ratio of the zeolite and potassium chloride is 1:(0.3-0.5);It is highly preferred that the zeolite and potassium chloride
Weight ratio is 1:(0.3-0.45);And most preferably, the weight ratio of the zeolite and potassium chloride is 1:(0.3-0.4).
In a specific embodiment, the weight ratio of the zeolite and potassium chloride is 1:0.35.
Individual first-aid kit according to the present invention, wherein the polyvinyl alcohol weight is the 2- of suspension total weight
10%.Preferably, the polyvinyl alcohol weight is the 2-8% of suspension total weight;It is highly preferred that the polyvinyl alcohol weight is
The 2-6% of suspension total weight;And most preferably, the polyvinyl alcohol weight is the 2-4% of suspension total weight.
In a specific embodiment, the polyvinyl alcohol weight is the 3% of suspension total weight.
Individual first-aid kit according to the present invention, wherein the number-average molecular weight of the polyvinyl alcohol is 80000-
100000.Preferably, the number-average molecular weight of the polyvinyl alcohol is 82000-97000.
Inventors have found that the zeolite and kaolin composition of special ratios and partial size can relative to single kaolin
Faster haemostatic effect is provided.Relative to single zeolite, the zeolite and kaolin composition of special ratios and partial size are only generated
Exothermic effects appropriate, but the potassium chloride that the exothermic effects overwhelming majority is added into again is offset, and is burnt to reduce local organization
A possibility that hurting.
It is not intended to limited to any theory, the partial size and ratio of exothermic effects and zeolite are closely related.Some researches show that, with
The increase of sized zeolite particles, with blood act on when exothermic effects reduce, this is because partial size increase, surface area reduce,
The reason of being reduced with contacting blood area.However, with the increase of sized zeolite particles, bleeding stopping period also can based on same reason
It elongates.Kaolin is without apparent exothermic effects, however, kaolinic anastalsis and rapid dispersion ability in blood are close
Correlation, there are negative correlativing relations with partial size again by the latter.Potassium chloride can generate stronger heat-absorbing action in blood, thus larger
The exothermic effects of zeolite are counteracted in degree.There are substantial connections for the dosage of potassium chloride and the ratio of zeolite.Potassium chloride dosage mistake
Few, exothermic effects improve limitation;Potassium chloride dosage is excessive, then it is too high to may cause salt content in blood, generates tingling sensation.
Compared with prior art, the present invention have it is following the utility model has the advantages that
1) present invention is capable of providing faster haemostatic effect;
2) present invention does not generate apparent exothermic effects, no burning sensation (being not higher than 50 DEG C).
Specific embodiment
Below by embodiment, the present invention is further described in detail.
Embodiment 1:
A kind of individual first-aid kit, including first aid pack housing and it is located at the intracorporal emergency aid articles of shell, the emergency aid articles include
Essential wind oil, adhesive bandage, culicifuge, bandage and gauze;The gauze is timely hemostatic gauze, including carrier material (area 4cm
The medical non-woven fabrics of × 4cm) and hemostatic material, it is prepared by the following method to obtain:
90 microns of average grain diameter of zeolite and 0.2 micron of average grain diameter of kaolin particle are uniformly mixed, the weight of the two
Amount is 10 grams: 40 grams;Then potassium chloride, polyethylene alcohol and water is added, obtains suspension after mixing evenly;Wherein, potassium chloride
Weight is 3.5 grams;The weight of polyvinyl alcohol (Mn=82000) is 3.0 grams;Remaining is water, and the total weight of suspension is 100 grams.
Will be on suspension spray to carrier material and dry, obtain timely hemostatic gauze.
Embodiment 2:
A kind of individual first-aid kit, including first aid pack housing and it is located at the intracorporal emergency aid articles of shell, the emergency aid articles include
Essential wind oil, adhesive bandage, culicifuge, bandage and gauze;The gauze is timely hemostatic gauze, including carrier material (area 4cm
The medical non-woven fabrics of × 4cm) and hemostatic material, it is prepared by the following method to obtain:
100 microns of average grain diameter of zeolite and 0.1 micron of average grain diameter of kaolin particle are uniformly mixed, the weight of the two
Amount is 8.3 grams: 41.7 grams;Then potassium chloride, polyethylene alcohol and water is added, obtains suspension after mixing evenly;Wherein, potassium chloride
Weight be 2.0 grams;The weight of polyvinyl alcohol (Mn=89000) is 2.0 grams;Remaining is water, and the total weight of suspension is 100
Gram.Will be on suspension spray to carrier material and dry, obtain timely hemostatic gauze.
Embodiment 3:
A kind of individual first-aid kit, including first aid pack housing and it is located at the intracorporal emergency aid articles of shell, the emergency aid articles include
Essential wind oil, adhesive bandage, culicifuge, bandage and gauze;The gauze is timely hemostatic gauze, including carrier material (area 4cm
The medical non-woven fabrics of × 4cm) and hemostatic material, it is prepared by the following method to obtain:
80 microns of average grain diameter of zeolite and 0.9 micron of average grain diameter of kaolin particle are uniformly mixed, the weight of the two
Amount is 12.5 grams: 37.5 grams;Then potassium chloride, polyethylene alcohol and water is added, obtains suspension after mixing evenly;Wherein, chlorination
The weight of potassium is 5.0 grams;The weight of polyvinyl alcohol (Mn=97000) is 8.0 grams;Remaining is water, and the total weight of suspension is 100
Gram.Will be on suspension spray to carrier material and dry, obtain timely hemostatic gauze.
Comparative example 1:
A kind of individual first-aid kit, including first aid pack housing and it is located at the intracorporal emergency aid articles of shell, the emergency aid articles include
Essential wind oil, adhesive bandage, culicifuge, bandage and gauze;The gauze is timely hemostatic gauze, including carrier material (area 4cm
The medical non-woven fabrics of × 4cm) and hemostatic material, it is prepared by the following method to obtain:
90 microns of average grain diameter of zeolite and 0.2 micron of average grain diameter of kaolin particle are uniformly mixed, the weight of the two
Amount is 10 grams: 40 grams;Then polyethylene alcohol and water is added, obtains suspension after mixing evenly;Wherein, polyvinyl alcohol (Mn=
82000) weight is 3.0 grams;Remaining is water, and the total weight of suspension is 100 grams.By on suspension spray to carrier material simultaneously
It is dry, obtain timely hemostatic gauze.
Comparative example 2:
A kind of individual first-aid kit, including first aid pack housing and it is located at the intracorporal emergency aid articles of shell, the emergency aid articles include
Essential wind oil, adhesive bandage, culicifuge, bandage and gauze;The gauze is timely hemostatic gauze, including carrier material (area 4cm
The medical non-woven fabrics of × 4cm) and hemostatic material, it is prepared by the following method to obtain:
0.2 micron of average grain diameter of zeolite and 0.2 micron of average grain diameter of kaolin particle are uniformly mixed, the weight of the two
Amount is 10 grams: 40 grams;Then potassium chloride, polyethylene alcohol and water is added, obtains suspension after mixing evenly;Wherein, potassium chloride
Weight is 3.5 grams;The weight of polyvinyl alcohol (Mn=82000) is 3.0 grams;Remaining is water, and the total weight of suspension is 100 grams.
Will be on suspension spray to carrier material and dry, obtain timely hemostatic gauze.
Comparative example 3:
A kind of individual first-aid kit, including first aid pack housing and it is located at the intracorporal emergency aid articles of shell, the emergency aid articles include
Essential wind oil, adhesive bandage, culicifuge, bandage and gauze;The gauze is timely hemostatic gauze, including carrier material (area 4cm
The medical non-woven fabrics of × 4cm) and hemostatic material, it is prepared by the following method to obtain:
90 microns of average grain diameter of zeolite and 90 microns of average grain diameter of kaolin particle are uniformly mixed, the weight of the two
It is 10 grams: 40 grams;Then potassium chloride, polyethylene alcohol and water is added, obtains suspension after mixing evenly;Wherein, the weight of potassium chloride
Amount is 3.5 grams;The weight of polyvinyl alcohol (Mn=82000) is 3.0 grams;Remaining is water, and the total weight of suspension is 100 grams.It will
It is on suspension spray to carrier material and dry, obtain timely hemostatic gauze.
Comparative example 4:
A kind of individual first-aid kit, including first aid pack housing and it is located at the intracorporal emergency aid articles of shell, the emergency aid articles include
Essential wind oil, adhesive bandage, culicifuge, bandage and gauze;The gauze is timely hemostatic gauze, including carrier material (area 4cm
The medical non-woven fabrics of × 4cm) and hemostatic material, it is prepared by the following method to obtain:
90 microns of average grain diameter of zeolite and 0.2 micron of average grain diameter of kaolin particle are uniformly mixed, the weight of the two
Amount is 25 grams: 25 grams;Then potassium chloride, polyethylene alcohol and water is added, obtains suspension after mixing evenly;Wherein, potassium chloride
Weight is 3.5 grams;The weight of polyvinyl alcohol (Mn=82000) is 3.0 grams;Remaining is water, and the total weight of suspension is 100 grams.
Will be on suspension spray to carrier material and dry, obtain timely hemostatic gauze.
Comparative example 5:
A kind of individual first-aid kit, including first aid pack housing and it is located at the intracorporal emergency aid articles of shell, the emergency aid articles include
Essential wind oil, adhesive bandage, culicifuge, bandage and gauze;The gauze is timely hemostatic gauze, including carrier material (area 4cm
The medical non-woven fabrics of × 4cm) and hemostatic material, it is prepared by the following method to obtain:
90 microns of average grain diameter of zeolite and 0.2 micron of average grain diameter of kaolin particle are uniformly mixed, the weight of the two
Amount is 35.8 grams: 14.2 grams;Then potassium chloride, polyethylene alcohol and water is added, obtains suspension after mixing evenly;Wherein, chlorination
The weight of potassium is 3.5 grams;The weight of polyvinyl alcohol (Mn=82000) is 3.0 grams;Remaining is water, and the total weight of suspension is 100
Gram.Will be on suspension spray to carrier material and dry, obtain timely hemostatic gauze.
Comparative example 6:
A kind of individual first-aid kit, including first aid pack housing and it is located at the intracorporal emergency aid articles of shell, the emergency aid articles include
Essential wind oil, adhesive bandage, culicifuge, bandage and gauze;The gauze is timely hemostatic gauze, including carrier material (area 4cm
The medical non-woven fabrics of × 4cm) and hemostatic material, it is prepared by the following method to obtain:
90 microns of average grain diameter of zeolite and 0.2 micron of average grain diameter of kaolin particle are uniformly mixed, the weight of the two
Amount is 10 grams: 40 grams;Then potassium chloride, polyethylene alcohol and water is added, obtains suspension after mixing evenly;Wherein, potassium chloride
Weight is 0.5 gram;The weight of polyvinyl alcohol (Mn=82000) is 3.0 grams;Remaining is water, and the total weight of suspension is 100 grams.
Will be on suspension spray to carrier material and dry, obtain timely hemostatic gauze.
Comparative example 7:
A kind of individual first-aid kit, including first aid pack housing and it is located at the intracorporal emergency aid articles of shell, the emergency aid articles include
Essential wind oil, adhesive bandage, culicifuge, bandage and gauze;The gauze is timely hemostatic gauze, including carrier material (area 4cm
The medical non-woven fabrics of × 4cm) and hemostatic material, it is prepared by the following method to obtain:
90 microns of average grain diameter of zeolite and 0.2 micron of average grain diameter of kaolin particle are uniformly mixed, the weight of the two
Amount is 10 grams: 40 grams;Then potassium chloride, polyethylene alcohol and water is added, obtains suspension after mixing evenly;Wherein, potassium chloride
Weight is 8.0 grams;The weight of polyvinyl alcohol (Mn=82000) is 3.0 grams;Remaining is water, and the total weight of suspension is 100 grams.
Will be on suspension spray to carrier material and dry, obtain timely hemostatic gauze.
Test evaluation
Using large ear rabbit as research object, left femoral artery is sufficiently exposed after anesthesia, then uses scalpel by every group 3
War injury bleeding is simulated in the notch of the standardized 0.5cm depth of artery surface.After giving free rein to bloodletting 3s, corresponding timely hemostatic yarn is used
Cloth pressing carries out hemostasis intervention.The bleeding stopping period and the maximum temperature in hemostasis for recording every large ear rabbit, are respectively asked for
Average value.As a result referring to table 1.
Table 1
Bleeding stopping period (s) | Maximum temperature (DEG C) | |
Embodiment 1 | 135 | 41.2 |
Embodiment 2 | 141 | 38.9 |
Embodiment 3 | 119 | 49.6 |
Comparative example 1 | 133 | 72.3 |
Comparative example 2 | 92 | 94.1 |
Comparative example 3 | 249 | 62.5 |
Comparative example 4 | 104 | 91.6 |
Comparative example 5 | 87 | 97.2 |
Comparative example 6 | 131 | 68.2 |
Comparative example 7 | 143 | 39.4 |
As can be seen from Table 1, comparative example 1 is related to that the situation of potassium chloride is not added, causes its exothermic effects more obvious;Than
Zeolite and the comparable situation of kaolin average grain diameter are related separately to compared with example 2-3, the former is Nano Particle, and surface area is caused to increase
Greatly, increase with contacting blood area, bleeding stopping period is greatly decreased, also results in zeolite exothermic effects and obviously increase;The latter is
Hundred micron-level particle sizes, bleeding stopping period are significantly increased.Comparative example 4-5 relates separately to zeolite and kaolin ratio is 1:1's and 2.5:1
Situation, since zeolite ratio increases, bleeding stopping period increases, but exothermic effects are also significantly increased simultaneously.It can be seen that exothermic effects
It is closely related with the partial size and ratio of zeolite.Comparative example 6-7 relates separately to the situation that very few potassium chloride and excessive potassium chloride is added,
The former inhibits exothermic effects unobvious, and the latter will lead to skin tingle, and being in a tumult strongly occurs in test large ear rabbit.
And the timely hemostatic gauze of 1-3 of the embodiment of the present invention then provides faster haemostatic effect, while inhibiting zeolite
Exothermic effects.It is believed by the inventors that the zeolite and kaolin composition and specific ratio of this and special ratios of the present invention and partial size
The potassium chloride of example is closely related.The combination of features described above is to present invention offers unexpected technical effects.It is of the invention as a result,
Individual first-aid kit can satisfy the demand that bleeding is controlled under harsh combat conditions.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, is not intended to restrict the invention, for the skill of this field
For art personnel, the invention may be variously modified and varied.All within the spirits and principles of the present invention, made any to repair
Change, equivalent replacement, improvement etc., is all included in the scope of protection of the present invention.
Claims (1)
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US8703634B2 (en) * | 2007-02-21 | 2014-04-22 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Hemostatic compositions and methods of use |
CN101357138A (en) * | 2008-07-29 | 2009-02-04 | 浙江大学 | Natural zeolite emergency life-saving hemostatic agent and preparation method thereof |
CN101869721A (en) * | 2010-05-28 | 2010-10-27 | 张胜民 | Clay-enhanced cuttlefish bone meal hemostatic gauze and manufacturing method thereof |
CN205251858U (en) * | 2015-11-24 | 2016-05-25 | 中国人民解放军广州军区武汉总医院 | Portable multi -functional battle station first -aid dressing |
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