CN108541522B - Vegetation recovery method for acid mine waste dump - Google Patents
Vegetation recovery method for acid mine waste dump Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN108541522B CN108541522B CN201810526370.7A CN201810526370A CN108541522B CN 108541522 B CN108541522 B CN 108541522B CN 201810526370 A CN201810526370 A CN 201810526370A CN 108541522 B CN108541522 B CN 108541522B
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- soil
- plant
- plants
- powder
- topsoil
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 title description 23
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 title description 12
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 259
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 81
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 63
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000000618 nitrogen fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 235000015872 dietary supplement Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 230000003472 neutralizing effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000002686 phosphate fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 124
- 235000019738 Limestone Nutrition 0.000 claims description 52
- 239000006028 limestone Substances 0.000 claims description 52
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 claims description 42
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 claims description 42
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 claims description 26
- 244000284012 Vetiveria zizanioides Species 0.000 claims description 22
- 235000007769 Vetiveria zizanioides Nutrition 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N urea group Chemical group NC(=O)N XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 18
- 241000018650 Pinus massoniana Species 0.000 claims description 12
- 235000011609 Pinus massoniana Nutrition 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000010459 dolomite Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910000514 dolomite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium;phosphoric acid Chemical group [Ca+2].OP(O)(O)=O.OP(O)(O)=O YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002426 superphosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- KMQAPZBMEMMKSS-UHFFFAOYSA-K calcium;magnesium;phosphate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O KMQAPZBMEMMKSS-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000014676 Phragmites communis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 claims 1
- 241000245165 Rhododendron ponticum Species 0.000 claims 1
- 241000207929 Scutellaria Species 0.000 claims 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 abstract description 27
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 19
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 13
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 241000209094 Oryza Species 0.000 description 41
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 38
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 36
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 25
- 240000003433 Miscanthus floridulus Species 0.000 description 24
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 description 22
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 19
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 18
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 description 16
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 14
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 13
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical group [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 12
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000003516 soil conditioner Substances 0.000 description 11
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 10
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium bis(dihydrogenphosphate) Chemical compound [Ca+2].OP(O)([O-])=O.OP(O)([O-])=O YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 9
- 229910000389 calcium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 235000019691 monocalcium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 9
- 230000008635 plant growth Effects 0.000 description 8
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000004677 Nylon Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 238000012258 culturing Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229920001778 nylon Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 238000005904 alkaline hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 5
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- QPCDCPDFJACHGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-bis{2-[bis(carboxymethyl)amino]ethyl}glycine Chemical compound OC(=O)CN(CC(O)=O)CCN(CC(=O)O)CCN(CC(O)=O)CC(O)=O QPCDCPDFJACHGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 241001426376 Rhaponticum uniflorum Species 0.000 description 4
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000000670 limiting effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- 101800004637 Communis Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 description 3
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 238000001479 atomic absorption spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007405 data analysis Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 235000021049 nutrient content Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 238000004382 potting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- CKUAXEQHGKSLHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N [C].[N] Chemical compound [C].[N] CKUAXEQHGKSLHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000012136 culture method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000013401 experimental design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000035558 fertility Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000004720 fertilization Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 2
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000643 oven drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000020477 pH reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 2
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000010878 waste rock Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003809 water extraction Methods 0.000 description 2
- USFZMSVCRYTOJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium acetate Chemical compound N.CC(O)=O USFZMSVCRYTOJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 241001426527 Rhaponticum Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000001484 Trigonella foenum graecum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000250129 Trigonella foenum graecum Species 0.000 description 1
- WYWFMUBFNXLFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Mo].[Sb] Chemical compound [Mo].[Sb] WYWFMUBFNXLFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013877 carbamide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005341 cation exchange Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002734 clay mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004737 colorimetric analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001627 detrimental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005048 flame photometry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005764 inhibitory process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003607 modifier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000877 morphologic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003895 organic fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005080 plant death Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940072033 potash Drugs 0.000 description 1
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Substances [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 235000015320 potassium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002786 root growth Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000030 sodium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium bicarbonate Substances [Na+].OC([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000002364 soil amendment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002910 solid waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000001019 trigonella foenum-graecum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000012498 ultrapure water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035899 viability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B1/00—Superphosphates, i.e. fertilisers produced by reacting rock or bone phosphates with sulfuric or phosphoric acid in such amounts and concentrations as to yield solid products directly
- C05B1/02—Superphosphates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
- Soil Conditioners And Soil-Stabilizing Materials (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
Abstract
本发明涉及土地复垦、生态重建及水土保持技术领域，公开了一种酸性矿区排土场植被恢复方法，包括如下步骤：S1：调节土壤pH：向pH在4以下的排土场酸性弃土的表层土壤中施加中和剂并搅拌均匀至表层土壤pH在5:1水土体积质量比的测定标准下为5.0‑7.5，所述表层土壤的厚度在25厘米以上；S2：施加养分补充剂：向完成S1步骤的表层土壤中施加氮肥和磷肥并搅拌均匀；S3：施加有机物料：向完成S2步骤的表层土壤中施加有机物料并搅拌均匀，得到的改良土壤，其土壤电导率在5:1水土体积质量比的测定标准下≤2.5ms·cm‑1，所述有机物料为植物秸秆粉或牲畜粪便；S4：在S3中的土壤改良层上种植先锋植物。其有益效果在于：本植被恢复方法成本低廉，改良效果好。
The invention relates to the technical fields of land reclamation, ecological reconstruction and soil and water conservation, and discloses a method for restoring vegetation in an acid mine dump, comprising the following steps: S1: adjusting soil pH: adding acid spoil to a dump with pH below 4 The neutralizing agent is applied to the topsoil and evenly stirred until the pH of the topsoil is 5.0-7.5 under the determination standard of the water-soil volume-to-mass ratio of 5:1, and the thickness of the topsoil is more than 25 cm; S2: Apply nutrient supplements: Apply nitrogen fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer to the topsoil after step S1 and stir evenly; S3: Apply organic material: Add organic material to the topsoil after step S2 and stir evenly, the improved soil obtained has a soil conductivity of 5:1 Under the measurement standard of water-soil volume-to-mass ratio≤2.5ms·cm -1 , the organic material is plant straw powder or livestock manure; S4: Plant pioneer plants on the soil improvement layer in S3. The beneficial effects are as follows: the vegetation restoration method has low cost and good improvement effect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of land reclamation, ecological reconstruction and water and soil conservation, in particular to a vegetation recovery method for a refuse dump in an acidic mining area.
Background
According to statistics, 0.52t of tailings, 0.04t of smelting waste residues and 0.42t of waste rocks are generated every 1t of ores mined in the mine in China, and only 0.02t of tailings is an available part. Mine waste is one of the key factors of mine environmental pollution. The stripped waste soil is stacked in a dump during mining, the waste soil is often a source of water and soil loss of a mining area and excessive heavy metal in a downstream river reach due to the mixing of tailings and waste rocks in the mining process, vegetation recovery is the most fundamental method for thoroughly solving the problems, but the acid mining area generates a large amount of acid after sulfur-containing metal minerals are exposed to the air, so that the soil of the whole mining area is seriously acidified. Due to severe acidification, the soil of the acid mine dump has multiple inhibiting factors such as acid damage, aluminum toxicity and salinity stress on plant growth, meanwhile, a large amount of heavy metal ions of different types contained in the soil are activated in a large amount under an acidic condition and coexist, and the toxic synergistic effect of different heavy metals causes severe stress on plant growth. It follows that the key to recovering vegetation in the dump of acidic mines is to correctly modify the acidic spoil and to select the appropriate pioneer plant.
A large number of researches show that the following adverse factors mainly exist for recovering vegetation in the soil of a refuse dump of an acidic mining area: 1) strong acidity, large dissolution of aluminum, and severe inhibition of acid and aluminum toxicity on plants; 2) heavy metals are activated in a large amount, one or more heavy metals have high activity, and the growth of plants is seriously inhibited; 3) under strong acid conditions, the concentration of various salts in the soil solution is extremely high, which is not beneficial to plant growth; 4) the nutrient is poor, mainly lacks of nitrogen and phosphorus, and almost does not contain available nutrients which can be directly utilized by plants, and even if other limiting factors are eliminated, the nutrients in the soil are not enough to meet the requirement of normal growth of the plants; 5) the soil has the advantages of poor structure, great change of soil particles in a soil discharge field, possibility of existence of clay minerals to great rock blocks, uneven composition proportion, great spatial variation, no organic matter, very poor water and fertilizer retention capacity, and particularly, the drought threat becomes a key factor for determining plant death and survival at any time. The effective water content of the soil in the refuse dump which can be utilized by plants is extremely low, and the drought phenomenon is common. Therefore, the improvement of the soil in the acidic mining area needs to eliminate the above multiple limiting factors at the same time, and the difficulty is high.
The existing soil improvement method in the vegetation recovery process of the acid mine dump has the highest success rate by the soil dressing method, although the improvement effect is good, a large amount of soil dressing sources are needed, the engineering quantity is large, most of the mine areas are located in mountainous areas, the soil dressing sources are insufficient, and the transportation condition is poor, so the soil dressing method is not suitable for soil improvement of the mine dump in most of the mine areas. The in-situ improvement method is a method which is constantly explored and optimized in vegetation recovery engineering of a mining area, has the advantages of small engineering quantity, less investment and quick implementation, only gives the specific addition amount of the improver, but not gives the principle or range to be followed by the addition of the improver, and the soil property of a dumping site of the mining area has very large change in time and space, so the soil improvement method only giving the specific addition amount of the improver has very large limitation on use and has no large popularization and application value. Therefore, aiming at the characteristics of the soil of the refuse dump in the acidic mining area, on the basis of deep analysis of the relation between the limiting factors and the interaction relation between the modifying agents, a soil modification scheme with a certain adjustment range is provided, which is very important, and the vegetation recovery process of the similar area is promoted by combining the optimization of pioneer plant varieties.
The recovery of vegetation in the dump of a mining area is extremely important for improving the ecological environment of the mining area and reducing the influence on the surrounding environment. On the premise that water and soil loss is effectively controlled, once the vegetation survives, the whole ecological system develops towards a virtuous circle. Therefore, the reasonable soil improvement scheme and the suitable pioneer plants are the key points for breaking through the technical bottleneck of recovering the soil vegetation in the dump of the current acidic mining area.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims at the particularity that the soil of the acid mine waste dump integrates multiple limiting factors, and provides the vegetation recovery method of the acid mine waste dump, which is low in cost, environment-friendly and simple to operate.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: a vegetation recovery method for a refuse dump in an acidic mining area comprises the following steps:
s1: adjusting the pH value of the soil: adding a neutralizing agent into the surface soil of the acidic waste soil of the refuse dump with the pH value below 4, and uniformly stirring until the pH value of the surface soil is 5.0-7.5 under the measurement standard of the volume-mass ratio of water to soil of 5: 1; the depth of the surface soil is at least more than 25 cm, the neutralizer is limestone powder (the main component is calcium carbonate) or dolomite powder, the effect of the limestone powder is equivalent to that of the dolomite powder, and before soil improvement, the addition amount of the limestone powder or the dolomite powder is determined through experiments to ensure that the pH of the soil is between 5.0 and 7.5 and the pH is about 6 to be optimal so as to be suitable for the growth of most plants. Because of different soil properties in different places, in order to obtain soil with similar pH value, the addition amount of limestone powder or dolomite powder is different, and the pH of the soil to be adjusted is different according to the difference of regions, for example, northern plants prefer alkaline soil, the pH adjusting range is about 6.5-7.5 under the determination standard of 5:1 water-soil volume-mass ratio, southern plants prefer acidic soil, and the pH adjusting range is about 5.0-6.5 under the determination standard of 5:1 water-soil volume-mass ratio;
s2: application of nutrient supplement: applying a nitrogen fertilizer and a phosphate fertilizer to the surface soil after the step S1 and uniformly stirring;
s3: application of organic materials: applying organic materials into the surface soil after the step S2 and uniformly stirring to obtain improved soil, wherein the soil conductivity of the improved soil is less than or equal to 2.5ms cm under the determination standard of the water-soil volume-mass ratio of 5:1-1The organic material is plant straw powder or livestock manure; the nutrient supplement and organic material are applied in amounts sufficient to ensure that the conductivity (EC) of the soil is controlled to 2.5ms cm-1The conductivity value should be controlled to a lower level as much as possible to ensure the survival rate of plants, and if the conductivity exceeds 2.5, the addition amount of nitrogen fertilizer and organic materials needs to be properly reduced.
S4: planting pioneer plants on the improved soil after completion of step S3;
the improvement scheme is only aiming at the acid soil of the acid mine waste dump, and the organic matters and the nutrients based on the acid waste soil of the mine are extremely poor, and in the improvement scheme: the dosage of the limestone powder or dolomite powder is determined by experiments, and pH curve graphs (figure 1 and figure 7) in two embodiments are the most visual representations of the dosage of the limestone powder determined in the corresponding embodiments; the amount of organic material to be applied can be determined to be 25g/kg, and urea and phosphate fertilizer can be used in the amount of example 2, and then adjusted according to the measured value of soil conductivity, if the soil conductivity is 2.5ms cm-1No adjustment is required, and if the length exceeds 2.5ms cm-1Gradually reducing the dosage of the nitrogen fertilizer and the organic material until the soil conductivity is 2.5ms cm-1The following.
Further, the neutralizing agent is limestone powder (the main component is calcium carbonate) or dolomite powder, and the addition amount of the limestone powder is 16-18 g.kg-1The nitrogen fertilizer is urea, the N content is 46 percent, and the application amount of the urea is 0.5 g.kg-1The phosphate fertilizer is superphosphate or calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, and the application amount of the superphosphate or the calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer is 0.5 g/kg-1The application amount of the plant straws or the livestock manure is 25 g.kg-1。
Further, the neutralizing agent is limestone powder (the main component is calcium carbonate) or dolomite powder, and the addition amount of the limestone powder or dolomite powder is 8 g/kg-1The nitrogen fertilizer is urea, and the application amount of the urea is 0.6g·kg-1The phosphate fertilizer is superphosphate or calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, and the application amount of the superphosphate is 0.75 g/kg-1The application amount of the plant straw powder is 25 g-kg-1。
Further, the pioneer plant is one or more of rhaponticum uniflorum, miscanthus floridulus, vetiver grass and masson pine.
Further, the pioneer plant is one or two of a reed-like plant and a vetiver.
Further, the livestock manure is cow manure or pig manure.
Further, the plant straw powder is less than 5cm in length, and the plant straw powder is rice straw powder or other readily available plant straw powder, such as pioneer plant reed straw and miscanthus floridulus straw. Wherein the pH of the rice straw used in the test is 7.76, and the organic carbon content in the rice straw is 312.9 g/kg-1Total nitrogen content of 6.63 g/kg-1The total phosphorus content is 5.76 g.kg-1The total potassium content is 40.3 g.kg-1。
Insufficient or excessive amounts of neutralizing agent may result in too low or too high a pH value, resulting in poor plant growth. Nutrient supplements and organic materials are applied in insufficient amount, so that the improved soil cannot provide enough nutrients for the vegetation reclamation, and the soil with too high application amount has too high salt content, so that the vegetation grows badly and even fails to recover. Therefore, the method has reasonable application dosage and can effectively improve the soil condition required by plant growth.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. the invention provides an improvement method aiming at the characteristics of serious soil acidification, high activity of aluminum and heavy metals, high conductivity, extreme lack of organic matters and nutrients and great spatial variability of soil properties of a dumping site in an acid mining area.
2. According to the physicochemical properties of the soil of the refuse dump of the acid mining area in south China, the invention adopts a method for proportionally applying limestone powder (the main component is calcium carbonate) or dolomite powder, organic materials (rice straws or cow dung) and inorganic fertilizers (urea and calcium superphosphate), and improves the soil of the refuse dump of the acid mining area according to the fourth level in the Chinese soil nutrient classification standard. The invention can reconstruct the physical and chemical properties of the soil of the refuse dump, promote the root growth and tillering of pioneer plants, improve the utilization efficiency of fertilizer and the release speed of fertilizer efficiency, effectively relieve the current situation of over-rapid degradation of the soil improvement effect, realize the remarkable improvement of the soil quality and promote the growth of plants.
3. The soil improvement method adopts an improvement method of applying limestone powder or dolomite powder together with organic materials and inorganic fertilizers (the organic materials are rice straws), the inorganic fertilizers are used as auxiliary effects, the advantages of rapid fertilizer effect and long organic material fertilizer effect are fully exerted, and the organic materials selected from the rice straws and the cow dung are screened out based on the improvement effect of applying the three materials of the cow dung, the sludge and the rice straws to the soil of the refuse dump in the early stage. Since the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the rice straw is high, the single application of the rice straw to the soil is not beneficial to the supply of the former nitrogen, so that a certain amount of nitrogen fertilizer needs to be applied to promote the decomposition. The content of potassium in the rice straws is high, a certain amount of potassium elements exist in the cow dung, and the lack of potassium in the waste soil is not serious, so that additional potassium fertilizer is not needed in the soil improvement stage. Therefore, the risk that the conductivity is difficult to control due to the addition of the potash fertilizer is reduced, the rice straws and the cow dung can provide organic matters required by plants, the physical properties of soil are improved, and the growth of the root systems of pioneer plants is promoted. The inorganic fertilizer urea and the calcium superphosphate can provide nitrogen and phosphorus elements required by plant growth. Wherein, the rice straw is cheap and easy to obtain, the paddy is planted in a plurality of kinds in the farmland near the mining area, a large amount of rice straw waste is generated in each season, the rice straw can be replaced by other crop straws or wild plant straws (such as pioneer plant reed and miscanthus floridulus stalks in the invention), the selectable range is wide, and the rice straw is appliedThe straw not only can obviously improve the soil structure, but also can obviously improve the carbon and nitrogen contents of soil microorganisms and the activity of soil enzymes, and the organic material can also increase the cation exchange capacity of the soil, improve the fertilizer retention capacity of the soil, reduce the water-soluble heavy metal components in the soil and reduce the bioavailability of heavy metals. The limestone powder has obvious neutralization effect on acid, mild reaction and low cost, and the appropriate application of the limestone powder and similar substances can effectively reduce active acid and latent acid in acid soil, improve the pH value of the soil, fix heavy metal to reduce biotoxicity and release effective Ca simultaneously2+The saturation of the base is improved, the phosphate substance can induce the adsorption and precipitation of heavy metals or the direct adsorption of the phosphate surface, and the mobility of the effectiveness of the heavy metals in the soil is effectively reduced. The three components are applied in combination, so that the rural straw resources can be fully utilized, the physical and chemical properties of the soil of the refuse dump in the acidic mining area can be obviously improved, limestone powder and inorganic fertilizer are applied in combination, the reutilization of farmland solid wastes is realized, and the soil improvement cost is reduced. Meanwhile, the biomass of the rhaponticum uniflorum and the miscanthus floridulus is large, and the rhaponticum unifloridum and the miscanthus floridulus can be developed and utilized as biomass resources.
4. The biomass of the reed-like plants, the vetiver grass and the miscanthus floridulus planted in the same treated soil is obviously higher than that of the masson pine through tests. In addition, because the masson pine is a tree, the adaptability to adverse conditions is not strong as that of herbaceous plants, the preferred application is to use the reed-like plants, the vetiver grass and the miscanthus floridulus as pioneer plants in the early stage of vegetation recovery of the acid mine waste dump, and the reed-like plants, the miscanthus floridulus and the vetiver grass are widely distributed in various provinces in the south of China and have extremely strong adverse-resistant viability. The rhaponticum uniflorum, the miscanthus floridulus and the vetiver grass have the characteristics of high tillering speed, developed root system, high root-to-stem ratio and the like in morphological characteristics, and can meet the requirements of high growth speed and high ground surface coverage rate of pioneer plants in the initial vegetation recovery stage.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph showing the relationship between the amount of lime added and the pH of soil in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a graph comparing data of biomass of different types of pioneer plants in different treated soils according to example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a graph comparing pH and EC data for soils after planting pioneer plants in various treatments of soils in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a graph comparing data for the content of alkaline-hydrolyzable nitrogen in soil after planting pioneer plants in different treated soils in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a graph comparing the data for available phosphorus content in soil after planting pioneer plants in different treated soils in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a graph comparing data for the content of available potassium in soil after planting pioneer plants in different treated soils in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a graph showing the relationship between the amount of lime added and the pH of soil in example 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a graph comparing the data for the aboveground biomass of pioneer plants grown with different treatments in example 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a graph comparing the underground biomass of pioneer plants planted in different treatments according to example 2 of the present invention;
in the figure: d is rice straw; n is cow dung; LL is a reed; WJM is Miscanthus floridulus; XGC is vetiver grass; MWS is masson pine, and the lime adding amount in the figure is the lime powder adding amount based on the dry weight of soil wind.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated by the following figures and examples. The experimental procedures used in the following examples are all conventional procedures unless otherwise specified. Materials, reagents and the like used in the following examples are commercially available unless otherwise specified.
Example 1:
1 materials and methods
1.1 test materials
1.1.1 Pilot plants tested
The test plants are selected from water and soil conservation pioneer plant reed (LL), miscanthus floridulus (WJM), vetiver grass (XGC) and masson pine (MWS), wherein the miscanthus floridulus is collected from a mine area of a big Baoshan, the vetiver grass for test is collected from an ecological experimental base of southern China agriculture university, and the masson pine for test is purchased from a nursery stock company. Before the experiment is started, miscanthus floridulus, vetiver grass and masson pine are subjected to sand culture in a net room for 30 days, and the influence of the original growth environment is eliminated for later use.
Culturing test plant of Rhynchophylla is with seeds, collecting Rhynchophylla from wild Rhynchophylla in university of south China agricultural university, culturing seedling of Rhynchophylla with matrix culture method, and selecting plant with consistent growth vigor.
1.1.2 test soils
The test acidic waste soil sample is collected in a Dabaoshan waste dump, and the collection depth is 0-30cm (the surface soil depth). The collected sample is a mixture of soil, matrix, waste rock, etc., and hereinafter, it is referred to as spoil for convenience.
The spoil samples collected from the mine area were air dried in a net room, and then crushed with a mallet and sieved through a 5mm nylon sieve. Taking the soil passing through a 5mm nylon sieve, grinding the soil in a mortar, and respectively passing through 2mm and 0.149mm nylon sieves for later use. The basic physicochemical properties of the tested waste soil are as follows: pH of 2.6, organic carbon content of 5g/kg-1Total nitrogen content of 5g/kg-1The total phosphorus content is 6.0 g/kg-1The total potassium content is 19 g.kg-1The content of available nutrients cannot be detected.
1.1.3 neutralizing agent, nutrient supplement and organic material for test (three are collectively referred to as soil conditioner) the addition values of the neutralizing agent, the nutrient supplement and the organic material in the experiment are suitable for the soil selected in the embodiment, and when the soil property changes, the addition amounts of the neutralizing agent, the nutrient supplement and the organic material are changed correspondingly to be suitable for the actual situation. Wherein, the addition amount of the neutralizing agent is to ensure that the pH of the soil is within the range of 5.0-7.5 after the neutralizing agent is added, the pH is about 6 optimally, the application condition of the nitrogen fertilizer and the phosphate fertilizer is preferably that the soil is at the middle-lower level of the fertility standard, and the initial setting of the organic materials is 25 g/kg. The final application amount of nitrogen fertilizer and organic material should be such that the conductivity of the added soil (water-soil ratio 5:1) is 2.5ms cm-1If the nitrogen fertilizer and the organic material are applied in a proper amount, the pioneer plants can be guaranteed to survive, and the nitrogen fertilizer is supplemented after the conductivity of the improved soil is reduced under the action of rainfall.
(1) Test neutralizer and nutrient supplement
Limestone powder (mainly) is selected for researchThe ingredient is calcium carbonate) is used as a neutralization material of acid in the spoil, the soil properties of each region are different, limestone powder with different amounts is added to adjust the pH value of the soil to be 5.0-7.5, and a nitrogen fertilizer and a phosphate fertilizer are selected as a nutrient supplement, urea and calcium superphosphate are selected in the utility model, and the basic nutrients of the nutrient supplement comprise: urea, containing 46% of N; calcium superphosphate, containing P2O518% and the amount of urea applied was 0.5 g/kg-1The amount of calcium superphosphate added was 0.5 g/kg-1。
(2) In the research, rice straw (D) and cow dung (N) are selected as organic materials for improving soil
The preparation of the organic materials tested and their basic properties are shown in table 1:
the test rice straw is taken from the teaching experiment base of southern China agricultural university, and after being naturally air-dried, the rice straw is crushed to a length of less than about 5cm by an agricultural crusher.
The cow dung to be tested is taken from an experimental base of beast and medicine colleges of agriculture university in south China, and the cow dung is naturally piled, retted and air-dried for later use.
TABLE 1 basic Properties of two organic materials
Wherein C/N is the carbon to nitrogen ratio
1.2 design of the experiment
The experiment is designed as a multifactor experiment design with different soil improvement schemes under different types of pioneer plants, and the total number of the pioneer plants is 5 treatments (containing blank: CK), and the average value of each treatment is taken after three times of repetition for data analysis, and the total number of the treatment plants is 60 pots. And the CK is a control, no soil conditioner is added, urea and calcium superphosphate in the same amount are applied to the rice straw treatment group and the cow dung treatment group, and the application amount of the rice straw is consistent with that of the cow dung. The respective soil treatments are shown in Table 2
TABLE 2 potted plant experiment soil treatment
Wherein D16 is limestone powder with an addition amount of 16 g/kg-1The organic material is straw powder with the addition amount of 25g/kg-1(ii) a D18 is limestone powder with addition amount of 18 g/kg-1The organic material is straw powder with the addition amount of 25g/kg-1(ii) a N16 is limestone powder with the addition amount of 16g kg-1The organic material is cow dung with the addition amount of 25g/kg-1(ii) a N18 is limestone powder with the addition amount of 18g kg-1The organic material is cow dung with the addition amount of 25g/kg-1。
The test was performed in a net room. Adding different amounts of neutralizing agent, nutrient supplement and organic material (three are combined and collectively called as soil conditioner) according to the experimental design dosage, uniformly mixing the materials with soil, putting the mixture into a 4L plastic basin, wherein the total weight of soil and soil conditioner in each basin is 2kg, selecting seedlings with consistent size and uniform growth vigor from each type of pioneer plant, planting one plant in each basin, culturing for 120 days, and not applying additional fertilizer during the growth period of the plants. Respectively measuring the fresh weights of the overground part and the underground part of the plant sample during harvesting; deactivating enzyme at 105 deg.C for 30min, oven drying at 70 deg.C to constant weight, measuring dry weight, and grinding; after the potted soil is air-dried, the soil is sieved by 2mm and 0.149mm for later use.
The pH value of the soil added with the soil conditioner is detected before the test to ensure that the addition amount of the limestone powder can make the pH of the soil between 5.0 and 7.5, and the specific data is shown in fig. 1, and the specific numerical values in fig. 1 only aim at the embodiment because the internal components of different soils are different.
1.3 measurement method
(1) The soil pH value measuring method adopts a pH meter potential method (5:1 water-soil volume-mass ratio); (2) the soil EC is measured by a conductivity meter (5:1 water-soil volume-mass ratio); (3) the effective metal ions are measured by a Mehlich3 lixiviation agent leaching-atomic absorption spectrometry method; (4) the alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen is measured by an alkaline hydrolysis diffusion method; (5) the quick-acting potassium adopts NH4OAc leaching-flame photometry; (6) the quick-acting phosphorus is 0.5 mol.L-1NaHCO3And (4) measuring the leaching molybdenum antimony by a colorimetric method.
2 results
The CK group (no fertilization control group) did not survive, and therefore none of the following data analyses contained the CK group data.
2.1 Effect of different modifications on Biomass of different species of pioneer plants
As shown in fig. 2 (in the figure, the data is the average value ± standard error, the number of repetitions is 3, the letter marks on the same group of bars are the same, no obvious difference is found in the numerical values between treatments, the letter marks are different, and the numerical values between treatments are obvious, and the same is shown below), after the same soil treatment, the biomass of the overground part and the biomass of the underground part of the reed-like and vetiver grass are obviously higher than those of the miscanthus floridulus and the Chinese red pine.
2.2 Effect of different improvement programs on post-planting soil physicochemical Properties
2.2.1 pH and EC values after different treatments of soil for planting pioneer plants
FIG. 3 shows the pH and EC values of the soil treated with different types of plants after pioneer plants are planted, as shown in FIG. 3, the pH values of the soil treated with D16 planted with Rhaponticus communis and vetiver grass are lower than those of other plants treated with the same soil, in this experiment, the pH value is stabilized at about 5.5-6.8, the pH difference of the soil after planting is related to the characteristics of the plants, and the poor effect of Rhaponticus communis and vetiver grass cannot be illustrated, and it can be seen from FIG. 3 that the pH value of the soil treated with rice straws is significantly higher than that of the soil treated with cow dung; the EC value of the rice straw processing soil for planting the reed-like roots and the vetiver is lower than that of the cow dung processing soil, the higher the EC value is, the higher the salt content in the soil is, the water absorption of vegetation is difficult, the survival of the vegetation is influenced, the smaller the EC value is, the lower the nutrient content is, the poor growth vigor of plants is shown, and in the test, the smaller the EC value is, the better the EC value is, because the characteristics of the soil are, the higher the EC value is.
2.2.2 quick-acting nutrient content after differently treating soil to plant pioneer plants
The contents of the nutrients in the soil after different types of pioneer plants are planted in different treated soils are shown in fig. 4 to 6:
(1) the soil with the same plants and the same limestone powder addition amount is planted, and the quick-acting K content in the rice straw treated soil is obviously higher than that in the cow dung treated soil, which is caused by the high K content in the rice straw;
(2) the effective P content in the soil treated by the cow dung is obviously higher than that in the soil treated by the rice straws under the condition of planting the reed-like plants, the pinus massoniana and the vetiver plants by the same amount of the limestone powder, because the difference is caused by the higher P content in the cow dung;
(3) the method comprises the following steps of planting the same plants in the soil with the same limestone powder addition amount, wherein the alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen content in the soil treated by the cow dung is obviously higher than that in the soil treated by the rice straw, the carbon nitrogen content of the rice straw is higher, and microorganisms can absorb a certain amount of nitrogen elements from the soil in the degradation process, so that the effective nitrogen content is temporarily reduced, therefore, the alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen content in the soil treated by the rice straw is obviously lower than that in the soil treated by the cow dung on the premise of treatment with the same limestone powder addition amount after the end of a potting experiment;
(4) under the condition of the same soil treatment, after different pioneer plants are planted, the contents of alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen and quick-acting K in the soil are obviously different, and the difference of the effective phosphorus content is not obvious, which indicates that different plants have different nutrient utilization conditions.
2.2.3 different M3 leached heavy metals content after treatment of soil to grow pioneer plants
The content of available metals in the soil after planting different pioneer plants in the different treated soils is shown in table 3.
In the same improvement scheme, the Fe content in the improved soil for planting different plants is obviously different, the Fe content in M3 leaching state in the soil after planting the masson pine is obviously higher than that in the soil for planting other three plants, and the difference between the Mn content, the Cu content and the Zn content in the soil is not obvious. Under the condition that the adding amount of the plants and the limestone powder is the same, when different organic materials are applied to the soil, the contents of Fe and Cu in the soil are obviously different. The difference is mainly due to different properties of different organic materials, and different influences on the change of the form of metal elements in soil caused by applying the organic materials to the soil are different. Under the condition of consistent other treatments, 16 g.kg-1The content of effective metal in the soil treated by limestone powder is more than 18 g.kg-1Treating soil with limestone powder. The difference of different limestone powder addition amounts on the pH value of the soil almost disappears after the irrigation treatment of the pot experiment and the absorption of the plants, but the influence on the content of the heavy metal effective state is still obvious.
TABLE 3 post M3 leached heavy metal content for different treatments of soil planted pioneer plants
Note: the data in the table are mean values ± standard error, and the repetition n is 3; the letters in the same column indicate significant differences between treatments, and the letters in the same column indicate insignificant differences between treatments.
The test result shows that: the 4 improved schemes show that the plants can survive and have a certain growth amount, but the unmodified plants cannot survive, and the 4 improved schemes are feasible. In the same soil treatment of the improvement method, the biomass of the overground part and the underground part of the reed-like and the vetiver grass is obviously higher than that of other two plants, which shows that the reed-like and the vetiver grass are more suitable for the soil conditions improved by the 4 improvement schemes. The fertilization has obvious influence on the growth of pioneer plants, and the biomass of the roots of the reed-like plants and the vetiver plants planted in the rice straw treated soil is obviously greater than that of the soil treated by cow dung. After planting the reed-like roots, the vetiver grass and the masson pine, the pH value of the rice straw treatment soil is obviously higher than that of the cow dung treatment soil, and the EC value of the rice straw treatment soil is obviously lower than that of the cow dung treatment soil. This indicates that the effect of the rice straw-treated soil is better than that of the cow dung-treated soil.
When limestone powder and organic and inorganic fertilizers are applied to improve the soil of the refuse dump in an acidic mine area, the rice straw is adopted to be most beneficial to improving the soil property of the refuse dump, and the EC value of the improved soil can be controlled within a reasonable range. The selected reed-like and vetiver grass as pioneer plants at the initial stage of ecological reconstruction of the refuse dump in the acid mining area can ensure the survival rate and the growth speed of vegetation at the initial stage.
According to the characteristic of soil property of the refuse dump in the acidic mining area and the growth characteristic of pioneer plants, the invention adopts a manner of applying limestone powder, organic materials and inorganic fertilizers in a matched manner, so that the quality of the refuse dump soil is obviously improved compared with the application of a single improver, and a proper soil environment can be provided for the growth of pioneer plants.
Example 2:
1 materials and methods
1.1 test materials
1.1.1 Pilot plants tested
The tested plants are selected from water and soil conservation pioneer plants such as Lu and Miscanthus floridulus. Culturing test plant of Rhynchophylla is with seeds, collecting Rhynchophylla from wild Rhynchophylla in university of south China agricultural university, culturing seedling of Rhynchophylla with matrix culture method, and selecting plant with consistent growth vigor. The Miscanthus floridulus is collected from the mining area of the great Baoshan, and is subjected to sand culture in a net room for 30 days before the beginning of an experiment, so that the Miscanthus floridulus is reserved after the influence of the original growth environment is eliminated.
1.1.2 test soils
The test acidic waste soil sample is collected in a Dabaoshan waste dump, and the collection depth is 0-30cm (the surface soil depth). The collected sample is a mixture of soil, matrix, waste rock, etc., and hereinafter, for convenience, it is referred to as spoil (pH below 4).
The spoil samples collected from the mine area were air dried in a net room, and then crushed with a mallet and sieved through a 5mm nylon sieve. Taking the soil passing through a 5mm nylon sieve, grinding the soil in a mortar, and respectively passing through 2mm and 0.149mm nylon sieves for later use. The basic physicochemical properties of the tested waste soil are as follows: the pH was 2.44 and the EC (5:1) was 2.05 ms. cm-1The organic carbon content is 5.23 g/kg-1Total nitrogen content of 0.4 g/kg-1The total phosphorus content is 0.12 g/kg-1Total potassium content of 27.7 g/kg-1The content of available nutrients cannot be detected.
1.1.3 neutralizing agent, nutrient supplement and organic material for test (three are collectively referred to as soil conditioner) the amounts of neutralizing agent, nutrient supplement and organic material added in this experiment were adapted to the soil selected in this example, and when the soil properties were changed, the amounts of neutralizing agent, nutrient supplement and organic fertilizer added were changed accordingly to suit the actual situation. Wherein the addition amount of the neutralizer is controlled by the pH of the soil within 5-7.5, the optimum application condition of the nitrogen fertilizer and the phosphorus fertilizer is about pH 6, the soil is at the middle and lower level of the fertility standard, and the nitrogen fertilizer and the organic material are added to control the soil conductivity (water-soil ratio 5:1) to be 2.5ms cm-1In the following, survival of the plants was ensured.
(1) Test neutralizer and nutrient supplement
Limestone powder is selected as a neutralization material of acid in the waste soil, the pH value of the soil is adjusted to be about 5.0-7.5, and a nitrogen fertilizer and a phosphate fertilizer are selected as a nutrient supplement agent, urea and calcium superphosphate are selected in the utility model, and the basic nutrients of the fertilizer comprise: urea, containing 46% of N; calcium superphosphate, containing P2O518% and the amount of urea applied was 0.6 g/kg-1The amount of calcium superphosphate added was 0.75 g/kg-1。
(2) The research selects rice straw as organic material for improving soil
The test rice straw is taken from the teaching experiment base of southern China agricultural university, and is naturally air-dried and then is crushed to about 1-5cm in length by an agricultural crusher. Basic physicochemical properties of rice straw: the pH was 7.76 and the organic carbon was 439.9 g/kg-1Total nitrogen of 9.4 g.kg-1Total phosphorus of 0.3 g/kg-1Total potassium is 22.2 g.kg-1The carbon to nitrogen ratio was 46.8.
1.2 design of the experiment
The experiment sets the addition levels of two limestone powders (the main component is calcium carbonate), two pioneer plants of rhaponticum uniflorum and miscanthus floridulus are respectively planted for 3 treatments, and each treatment is repeated for three times and for 18 pots. Wherein CK is a control and no modifier is added. The respective soil treatments are shown in Table 4
TABLE 4 potted plant experiment soil treatment
Wherein SL8 represents the addition amount of limestone powder of 8g kg-1SL16 indicates that the addition amount of limestone powder is 16g kg-1
The test was performed in a net room. Adding different amounts of neutralizing agent, nutrient supplement and organic material (three are combined and collectively called as soil conditioner) according to the experimental design dosage, mixing the materials with soil, uniformly mixing and filling the mixture into 4L plastic pots, wherein the total weight of soil and soil conditioner in each pot is 2kg, each type of pioneer plant selects seedlings with consistent size and uniform growth vigor, one plant is planted in each pot, culturing is carried out for 120 days, and topdressing is not carried out during the growth period of the plants. Respectively measuring the fresh weights of the overground part and the underground part of the plant sample during harvesting; deactivating enzyme at 105 deg.C for 30min, oven drying at 70 deg.C to constant weight, measuring dry weight, and grinding; after the potting soil is removed and air-dried, the potting soil is sieved by 2mm and 0.149mm sieves for standby.
The pH value of the soil to which the soil conditioner is added is detected before the test to ensure that the addition amount of the limestone powder can make the pH of the soil between 5.0 and 7.5, and the specific data is shown in fig. 7, and the specific numerical values in fig. 7 only aim at the embodiment because the internal components of different soils are different.
1.3 measurement method
(1) Soil pH, conductivity and biomass were the same as in example 1.
(2) The effective metal ions of the improved soil are measured by a DTPA lixiviation-atomic absorption spectrometry method.
(3) The water-soluble metal ions of the improved soil are measured by a 5:1 water-soil ratio leaching-atomic absorption spectrometry method by adopting high-purity water.
2 results
The CK group (control group without soil amendment) did not survive, and therefore the indicators related to plants in the following data analysis were not analyzed again for the CK group.
2.1 Effect of different modifications on Biomass of different species of pioneer plants
As shown in FIGS. 8 and 9 (data in the figures are mean. + -. standard deviation, number of repetitions is 3, the lower case letters on the bars in the same group are the same and indicate no significant difference in the values between treatments, the upper case letters are the same and indicate no significant difference between plants, the lower case letters indicate different and indicate significant difference between treatments, the upper case letters indicate significant difference between plants, the same applies hereinafter), the rice straw and the rice straw were mixed at 16 g.kg. the same ratio-1In the limestone powder treatment (SL16), the aboveground and underground biomass of Miscanthus floridulus is higher than that of Rhaponticus chinensis, and the rice straw and 8 g.kg-1In the limestone powder treatment (SL8), the biomass of the Miscanthus floridulus is higher than that of Rhaponticus communis only in the underground part. Both plants had higher biomass in SL8 treatment, and in this example, Miscanthus floridulus was found to be better adapted to high pH conditions and detrimental to Rhaponticus gonellae growth, and therefore, the modification process was not preferredThe addition of excessive limestone powder can control pH below 7.0, and for southern pioneer plants such as Trigonella foenum-graecum and Miscanthus floridulus, pH is preferably controlled within 5.5-6.5.
2.2 Effect of different improvement programs on post-planting soil Properties
Table 5 shows the pH, EC values and contents of active metal elements of pioneer plants planted in different treated soils, and it can be seen from the table that the addition amount of limestone powder is 16 g/kg-1The pH value of the treated limestone powder is obviously higher than that of the limestone powder and is 8 g/kg-1The treatment of the fertilizer can show that the addition amount of the limestone powder has a remarkable influence on the pH of the soil, the pH of the soil after planting the reed-like plants is slightly higher than that of the soil after planting the miscanthus floridulus, the pH difference of the soil after planting is related to the characteristics of plants, and the poor effect of the reed-like plants or the miscanthus floridulus can not be shown, the EC value of the soil treated by SL8 is slightly lower than that of the soil treated by SL16, the higher the EC value is, the higher the salt content in the soil is, the vegetation is difficult to absorb water, the survival of the vegetation is influenced, the smaller the EC value is, the lower the nutrient content is shown, and the poor growth vigor of the plants is shown. After the improvement planting, the contents of Cu, Zn, Cd and Mn in the DTPA leaching state are obviously reduced, the content of Pb in the DTPA leaching state is obviously increased, but the contents of all metal elements in the water extraction state are obviously lower than those of the soil which is not improved, which means that the contents of the metal elements in the soil solution absorbed by the root system of the plant, namely the contents of the metal elements in the water extraction state are obviously reduced, so that the concentration which is not harmful to the plant is reached, and the plant can normally grow.
TABLE 5 pH, conductivity EC and metallic element content after improving soil for planting plants
Different small letter representations in the same row differ significantly between treatments at the α ═ 0.05 level.
The content of metal elements in a DTPA leaching state is mg-kg-1Water is Water-soluble metal element, and the content unit is mg.kg-1And the CK group is the spoil without soil conditioner.
As can be seen from examples 1 and 2,the pH value of the soil is adjusted to be between 5.0 and 7.5 by applying a certain amount of limestone powder, and then a proper amount of nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and organic material are added to ensure that the nitrogen and phosphorus contents of the soil are in a middle-lower level, and the conductivity of the soil is controlled to be 2.5ms cm-1The survival rate of pioneer plants can be ensured by the soil which reaches the indexes, the pioneer plants have strong resistance to the adverse environment, the soil can be consolidated, the water and soil loss is prevented, the acidified soil of the acid dumping site is improved, and the ecological system develops towards the direction of virtuous cycle. Wherein the nitrogen fertilizer is urea, the phosphate fertilizer is superphosphate or calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, and the organic material is plant straw powder or livestock manure, preferably rice straw powder. The application amount of the soil conditioner is determined by the soil property, the soil property is different, and the addition amounts of limestone powder, nitrogen fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and organic material are different.
According to the characteristic of soil property of the refuse dump in the acidic mining area and the growth characteristic of pioneer plants, the invention adopts a manner of applying limestone powder, organic materials and inorganic fertilizers in a matched manner, so that the quality of the refuse dump soil is obviously improved compared with the application of a single improver, and a proper soil environment can be provided for the growth of pioneer plants.
The above-mentioned embodiments are preferred embodiments of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited thereto, and any other modifications or equivalent substitutions that do not depart from the technical spirit of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810526370.7A CN108541522B (en) | 2018-05-29 | 2018-05-29 | Vegetation recovery method for acid mine waste dump |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810526370.7A CN108541522B (en) | 2018-05-29 | 2018-05-29 | Vegetation recovery method for acid mine waste dump |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN108541522A CN108541522A (en) | 2018-09-18 |
| CN108541522B true CN108541522B (en) | 2021-03-26 |
Family
ID=63511430
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810526370.7A Active CN108541522B (en) | 2018-05-29 | 2018-05-29 | Vegetation recovery method for acid mine waste dump |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN108541522B (en) |
Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110105964A (en) * | 2019-05-24 | 2019-08-09 | 南昌航空大学 | It is a kind of using phosphate fertilizer as the alkaline modifying agent and its application method of matrix |
| CN110731244B (en) * | 2019-11-28 | 2022-01-14 | 张家界鱼泉生态农业开发有限公司 | Rice planting method |
| CN111018418B (en) * | 2019-12-17 | 2021-10-08 | 湖北尧治河化工股份有限公司 | Method for recycling waste phosphorite on site |
| KR102205462B1 (en) * | 2020-02-28 | 2021-01-20 | 주식회사 일림 | Revegetation method usinf eco-friendly reinforcing material |
Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101722177B (en) * | 2009-11-06 | 2011-12-28 | 华南农业大学 | Method for fixing pollutants in pollution source soil in abandoned mine fields and application thereof |
| CN104081924B (en) * | 2014-05-19 | 2016-01-06 | 华南农业大学 | The method that applies fertilizers scientifically of one kind reed |
| CN104624620B (en) * | 2014-12-22 | 2017-08-01 | 中国瑞林工程技术有限公司 | A kind of method of highly acid Disused tailing land not earthing revegetation |
| CN105903756A (en) * | 2016-04-14 | 2016-08-31 | 华南农业大学 | Method for maintaining in-situ chemical improvement effect for acidic multi-metal contaminated soil |
| CN106008081A (en) * | 2016-05-17 | 2016-10-12 | 四川新隆农业科技有限公司 | Restoring method for acidified soil |
| CN107347402A (en) * | 2017-07-11 | 2017-11-17 | 厦门紫金矿冶技术有限公司 | A kind of ecological restoring method of highly acid Disused tailing land |
-
2018
- 2018-05-29 CN CN201810526370.7A patent/CN108541522B/en active Active
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN108541522A (en) | 2018-09-18 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| Mittra et al. | Fly ash—a potential source of soil amendment and a component of integrated plant nutrient supply system | |
| Panda et al. | Impact of fly ash on soil properties and productivity | |
| CN108541522B (en) | Vegetation recovery method for acid mine waste dump | |
| CN104529668A (en) | Metal mine soil conditioner, and mine ecological remediation method using metal mine soil conditioner. | |
| Abouhussien et al. | Chemical properties of compost in relation to calcareous soil properties and its productivity of Wheat | |
| Nasef et al. | EFFECT OF COMPOST, COMPOST TEA AND BIO-FERTILIZER APPLICATION ON SOME CHEMICAL SOIL PROPERTIES AND RICE PRODUCTIVITY UNDER SALINE SOIL CONDITION. | |
| Mandai et al. | Effect of molybdenum, phosphorus, and lime application to acid soils on dry matter yield and molybdenum nutrition of lentil | |
| CN108821843A (en) | Conditioner and its preparation and application for the Farmland contamination reparation of mining area periphery | |
| Parven et al. | Long term effect of integrated nutrient management on secondary and micronutrient of alluvial soils | |
| El-Etr et al. | Effect of potassium humate and bentonite on some soil chemical properties under different rates of nitrogen fertiliztion | |
| Sharif et al. | Response of fed dung composted with rock phosphate on yield and phosphorus and nitrogen uptake of maize crop | |
| Palanivell et al. | Effects of crude humin and compost produced from selected waste on Zea mays growth, nutrient uptake and nutrient use efficiency | |
| CN1487052A (en) | Saline-alkaline land modifier | |
| Ahmed et al. | Effectiveness of humic acid applicationin improving saline soil properties and fodder beet production | |
| Hamed et al. | Application of glauconite mineral as alternative source of potassium in sandy soils | |
| Cabral et al. | Effects of solid phase from pig slurry on iron, copper, zinc, and manganese content of soil and wheat plants | |
| Placek et al. | Methods for calculating carbon sequestration in degraded soil of zinc smelter and post-mining areas | |
| Siti | EFFECTS OF AMELIORANT Cu 2+, Fe 3+, AND Zn 2+ AND PALM OIL FROND COMPOST APPLICATIONS ON THE GROWTH AND PRODUCTION OF MUNG BEAN (VIGNA RADIATA (L.) R. WILCZEK) GROWN ON PEAT SOIL IN RIAU. | |
| Singh et al. | Synergy of reduced gypsum and pressmud–a cost effective approach for sustainable reclamation of degraded sodic lands | |
| Abou Hussien et al. | Effect of sulphur additives on the chemical composition of compost | |
| Maruf et al. | Influence of humic acid and sulfur on the bioavailability of some micronutrients in calcareous soils | |
| El-Kamar | Evaluation of some Soil Conditioners on some Properties of Salt Affected Soil and Wheat Productivity and Quality | |
| Godlewska | Changes in the contents of selected heavy metals in test plants fertilised with sewage sludge and hard coal ash | |
| KHARYTONOV et al. | THE SOIL FERTILITY IMPROVEMENT OF THE MARGINAL LANDS DEPENDING ON KIND OF AMENDMENTS. | |
| El-Maghraby et al. | Ameliorating calcareous soil properties and agriculture methods for achieving the sustainable agriculture aspect |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |