CN108539429B - Broadband omnidirectional oblique polarization antenna for metal carrier - Google Patents
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Abstract
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明属于无线通信技术领域，具体涉及一种用于金属载体的宽带全向斜极化天线。The invention belongs to the technical field of wireless communication, and in particular relates to a broadband omnidirectional obliquely polarized antenna for a metal carrier.
背景技术Background technique
在无线通信中，天线主要是用于将发射机中的电信号辐射到自由空间中去，或者将空间中的电磁波信号转化成电信号传输到接收机。发射天线主要是控制自由空间的电磁波功率分布、以及电磁波的极化方式等，而信号的处理则由通信系统中的其它模块来完成。随着电子技术的飞速发展以及电磁信号环境的不断变化，对天线的要求越来越高，在收发信号的基础上，还对天线的方向图、增益、极化、带宽等提出了更高的要求。其中，在某些应用环境如室内基站、移动目标(无人机等)对天线的方向图具有全向的要求，同时为了增强设备对复杂电磁传播环境的适应性以及对不同来波极化方式的检测能力，对天线提出了斜极化的要求，即能同时覆盖水平极化和垂直极化。由于安装空间对天线数量的限制，逐渐增大的数据传输量需求，以及兼容性等条件，对天线的带宽也提出了要求。论文《45°斜极化全向天线设计》中提出了一种宽带斜极化全向天线，实现了全向辐射、宽频带的斜极化电磁波，但是该天线无法适用于金属载体表面。In wireless communication, the antenna is mainly used to radiate the electrical signal in the transmitter into free space, or convert the electromagnetic wave signal in the space into electrical signal and transmit it to the receiver. The transmitting antenna mainly controls the electromagnetic wave power distribution in free space and the polarization mode of the electromagnetic wave, and the signal processing is completed by other modules in the communication system. With the rapid development of electronic technology and the continuous change of the electromagnetic signal environment, the requirements for antennas are getting higher and higher. Require. Among them, in some application environments such as indoor base stations, moving targets (unmanned aerial vehicles, etc.), the antenna pattern has omnidirectional requirements. At the same time, in order to enhance the adaptability of the equipment to complex electromagnetic propagation environments and to different incoming wave polarization methods The detection ability of the antenna puts forward the requirement of oblique polarization, that is, it can cover the horizontal polarization and vertical polarization at the same time. Due to the limitation of the installation space on the number of antennas, the gradually increasing demand for data transmission, and the compatibility and other conditions, the bandwidth of the antenna is also required. In the paper "Design of 45° Obliquely Polarized Omnidirectional Antenna", a broadband obliquely polarized omnidirectional antenna is proposed, which realizes omnidirectional radiation and broadband obliquely polarized electromagnetic waves, but this antenna cannot be applied to the surface of metal carrier.
发明内容SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
为解决上述技术问题，本发明的目的是提供一种用于金属载体的宽带全向斜极化天线，该天线能够产生全向辐射、极化方式为斜极化、不圆度指标好、宽频带的斜极化电磁波。In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a broadband omnidirectional obliquely polarized antenna for a metal carrier, which can generate omnidirectional radiation, the polarization mode is oblique polarization, the out-of-roundness index is good, and the broadband obliquely polarized electromagnetic waves.
为了实现上述目的，本发明采用如下技术方案：In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:
一种用于金属载体的宽带全向斜极化天线，包括单锥天线和位于单锥天线外侧的空心圆柱形斜极化器，所述单锥天线与空心圆柱形斜极化器的轴线重合，间距为0.1λ0～0.3λ0，λ0为工作频段中心频率所对应的自由空间波长；A broadband omnidirectional obliquely polarized antenna for a metal carrier, comprising a monoconical antenna and a hollow cylindrical oblique polarizer located outside the monoconical antenna, the monoconical antenna and the axis of the hollow cylindrical oblique polarizer being coincident , the spacing is 0.1λ 0 ~ 0.3λ 0 , and λ 0 is the free space wavelength corresponding to the center frequency of the working frequency band;
所述空心圆柱形斜极化器包括n层同轴的极化栅，其中，每层极化栅由覆盖于空心介质圆柱侧面的平行排列的金属条组成，n层极化栅由内至外依次表示为第1、2、…、n层极化栅，第1、2、…、n层极化栅中的金属条与单锥天线的地板之间的夹角依次为0，θ1，θ2….，θn-2，θn-1，其中，θn-1＝40～60度，0<θ1<θ2<….<θn-2<θn-1，n为大于1的正整数；相邻极化栅之间的间距为0.1λ0～0.3λ0，所述空心圆柱形斜极化器的高度大于单锥天线的高度。The hollow cylindrical oblique polarizer includes n layers of coaxial polarization grids, wherein each layer of polarization grids is composed of parallel metal strips covering the sides of the hollow dielectric cylinder, and the n layers of polarization grids are from inside to outside. It is represented as the 1st, 2nd,..., n layers of polarization grids in turn, and the angles between the metal strips in the 1st, 2nd, ..., n layers of polarization grids and the floor of the monoconical antenna are 0, θ 1 , θ 2 ...., θ n-2 , θ n-1 , where θ n-1 =40～60 degrees, 0<θ 1 <θ 2 <....<θ n-2 <θ n-1 , n is A positive integer greater than 1; the spacing between adjacent polarization grids is 0.1λ 0 to 0.3λ 0 , and the height of the hollow cylindrical oblique polarizer is greater than that of the monoconical antenna.
进一步地，所述单锥天线的地板的直径大于空心圆柱形斜极化器底面的直径，单锥天线用于产生全向辐射的电磁波。Further, the diameter of the floor of the monoconical antenna is larger than the diameter of the bottom surface of the hollow cylindrical oblique polarizer, and the monoconical antenna is used to generate electromagnetic waves radiated in all directions.
进一步地，每层极化栅均覆盖于空心介质圆柱侧面，即相邻两层极化栅之间为空心介质圆柱填充，所述相邻两层极化栅之间的空心介质圆柱的厚度为0.1λ0～0.3λ0(即两层极化栅之间的间距)，空心介质圆柱的相对介电常数为2～4。Further, each layer of polarization grids is covered on the side surface of the hollow dielectric cylinder, that is, a hollow dielectric cylinder is filled between two adjacent layers of polarization grids, and the thickness of the hollow dielectric cylinder between the two adjacent layers of polarization grids is 0.1λ 0 ~ 0.3λ 0 (that is, the distance between the two layers of polarization grids), and the relative permittivity of the hollow dielectric cylinder is 2 to 4.
进一步地，所述每层极化栅中，相邻金属条之间的间距为0.032λ0～0.08λ0，金属条的宽度为0.032λ0～0.08λ0。Further, in each layer of the polarization grid, the spacing between adjacent metal strips is 0.032λ 0 ˜0.08λ 0 , and the width of the metal strips is 0.032λ 0 ˜0.08λ 0 .
进一步地，所述空心圆柱形斜极化器中的每层极化栅均与单锥天线的地板电接触(即空心圆柱形斜极化器接地)，通过改善斜极化器表面电流分布减小了斜极化器对单锥天线的影响，进而提高了斜极化器的极化性能以及天线的辐射性能。Further, each layer of the polarization grid in the hollow cylindrical oblique polarizer is in electrical contact with the floor of the single-cone antenna (that is, the hollow cylindrical oblique polarizer is grounded), and by improving the current distribution on the surface of the oblique polarizer, the The influence of the oblique polarizer on the monoconical antenna is reduced, thereby improving the polarization performance of the oblique polarizer and the radiation performance of the antenna.
与现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果为：Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:
本发明提供了一种用于金属载体的宽带全向斜极化天线，通过单锥天线产生宽频带全向辐射电磁波，再经接地的斜极化器将垂直极化的电磁波扭转为斜极化的电磁波，具有宽频带、全向辐射的特性。The invention provides a broadband omnidirectional obliquely polarized antenna for a metal carrier, which generates a broadband omnidirectional radiation electromagnetic wave through a single cone antenna, and then twists the vertically polarized electromagnetic wave into oblique polarization through a grounded oblique polarizer The electromagnetic wave has the characteristics of broadband and omnidirectional radiation.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本发明提供的一种用于金属载体的宽带全向斜极化天线的整体结构示意图(a)以及单锥天线的剖面图(b)；1 is a schematic diagram (a) of the overall structure of a broadband omnidirectional obliquely polarized antenna for a metal carrier provided by the present invention and a cross-sectional view (b) of a monoconical antenna;
图2为实施例中第1层0度极化栅的结构示意图；FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a first layer 0-degree polarized gate in an embodiment;
图3为实施例中第2层20度极化栅的结构示意图；3 is a schematic structural diagram of a second layer of 20-degree polarized gates in an embodiment;
图4为实施例中第3层40度极化栅的结构示意图；4 is a schematic structural diagram of a 40-degree polarized gate of the third layer in the embodiment;
图5为实施例中第4层60度极化栅的结构示意图；5 is a schematic structural diagram of a 60-degree polarized gate of the fourth layer in the embodiment;
图6为实施例得到的斜极化天线的俯视图(a)和侧视图(b)；6 is a top view (a) and a side view (b) of the obliquely polarized antenna obtained in the embodiment;
图7为实施例得到的斜极化天线的S11测试结果；Fig. 7 is the S11 test result of the obliquely polarized antenna obtained in the embodiment;
图8为实施例得到的斜极化天线的方向图；8 is a directional diagram of an obliquely polarized antenna obtained in an embodiment;
图9为实施例得到的斜极化天线的
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面结合附图和实施例，详述本发明的技术方案。The technical solutions of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
一种用于金属载体的宽带全向斜极化天线，包括单锥天线和位于单锥天线外侧的空心圆柱形斜极化器，所述单锥天线与空心圆柱形斜极化器的轴线重合，单锥天线顶端边缘与空心圆柱形斜极化器之间的间距为0.1λ0～0.3λ0，λ0为工作频段中心频率所对应的自由空间波长；A broadband omnidirectional obliquely polarized antenna for a metal carrier, comprising a monoconical antenna and a hollow cylindrical oblique polarizer located outside the monoconical antenna, the monoconical antenna and the axis of the hollow cylindrical oblique polarizer being coincident , the distance between the top edge of the monoconical antenna and the hollow cylindrical oblique polarizer is 0.1λ 0 ~ 0.3λ 0 , where λ 0 is the free-space wavelength corresponding to the center frequency of the working frequency band;
所述空心圆柱形斜极化器包括n层同轴的极化栅，其中，每层极化栅由覆盖于空心介质圆柱侧面的平行排列的多条金属条组成，n层极化栅在远离单锥天线的方向上依次表示为第1、2、…、n层极化栅，第1、2、…、n层极化栅中的金属条与单锥天线的地板之间的夹角依次为0，θ1，θ2….，θn-2，θn-1，其中，θn-1＝40～60度，0<θ1<θ2<….<θn-2<θn-1，n为大于1的正整数；相邻极化栅之间的间距为0.1λ0～0.3λ0，所述空心圆柱形斜极化器的高度大于单锥天线的高度。The hollow cylindrical oblique polarizer includes n layers of coaxial polarization grids, wherein each layer of polarization grids is composed of a plurality of metal strips arranged in parallel covering the sides of the hollow dielectric cylinder, and the n layers of polarization grids are far away from each other. The direction of the monoconical antenna is represented as the 1st, 2nd, ..., n layers of polarization grids in sequence, and the angles between the metal strips in the 1st, 2nd, ..., n layers of polar grids and the floor of the monocone antenna are sequentially is 0, θ 1 , θ 2 ...., θ n-2 , θ n-1 , where θ n-1 =40～60 degrees, 0<θ 1 <θ 2 <....<θ n-2 <θ n-1 , n is a positive integer greater than 1; the spacing between adjacent polarizing grids is 0.1λ 0 -0.3λ 0 , and the height of the hollow cylindrical oblique polarizer is greater than that of the monoconical antenna.
进一步地，所述单锥天线的地板的直径大于空心圆柱形斜极化器底面的直径，所述单锥天线用于产生全向辐射的电磁波。Further, the diameter of the floor of the monoconical antenna is larger than the diameter of the bottom surface of the hollow cylindrical oblique polarizer, and the monoconical antenna is used to generate electromagnetic waves radiated in all directions.
进一步地，每层极化栅均覆盖于空心介质圆柱侧面，即相邻两层极化栅之间为空心介质圆柱填充，所述相邻两层极化栅之间的空心介质圆柱的厚度为0.1λ0～0.3λ0(即两层极化栅之间的间距)，空心介质圆柱的相对介电常数为2～4。Further, each layer of polarization grids is covered on the side surface of the hollow dielectric cylinder, that is, a hollow dielectric cylinder is filled between two adjacent layers of polarization grids, and the thickness of the hollow dielectric cylinder between the two adjacent layers of polarization grids is 0.1λ 0 ~ 0.3λ 0 (that is, the distance between the two layers of polarization grids), and the relative permittivity of the hollow dielectric cylinder is 2 to 4.
进一步地，所述每层极化栅中，相邻金属条之间的间距为0.032λ0～0.08λ0，金属条的宽度为0.032λ0～0.08λ0。Further, in each layer of the polarization grid, the spacing between adjacent metal strips is 0.032λ 0 ˜0.08λ 0 , and the width of the metal strips is 0.032λ 0 ˜0.08λ 0 .
进一步地，所述空心圆柱形斜极化器中的每层极化栅均与单锥天线的地板电接触(即空心圆柱形斜极化器接地)，通过改善斜极化器表面电流分布减小了斜极化器对单锥天线的影响，进而提高了斜极化器的极化性能以及天线的辐射性能。Further, each layer of the polarization grid in the hollow cylindrical oblique polarizer is in electrical contact with the floor of the single-cone antenna (that is, the hollow cylindrical oblique polarizer is grounded), and by improving the current distribution on the surface of the oblique polarizer, the The influence of the oblique polarizer on the monoconical antenna is reduced, thereby improving the polarization performance of the oblique polarizer and the radiation performance of the antenna.
实施例Example
一种用于金属载体的宽带全向斜极化天线，如图1(a)所示，包括单锥天线和位于单锥天线外侧的空心圆柱形斜极化器两个部分；A broadband omnidirectional obliquely polarized antenna for a metal carrier, as shown in Figure 1(a), includes a monoconical antenna and a hollow cylindrical oblique polarizer located outside the monoconical antenna;
如图1(b)所示，为所述单锥天线的剖面图；所述单锥天线为铜，其高度为21mm，上半径为11.5mm，下半径为1mm，地板直径为100mm，能产生6-18GHz全向辐射的垂直极化电磁波。As shown in Figure 1(b), it is a cross-sectional view of the monoconical antenna; the monoconical antenna is made of copper, its height is 21mm, the upper radius is 11.5mm, the lower radius is 1mm, and the floor diameter is 100mm, which can generate 6-18GHz omnidirectionally radiated vertically polarized electromagnetic waves.
所述空心圆柱形斜极化器包括4层同轴的极化栅，每层极化栅由覆盖于空心介质圆柱侧面的平行排列的铜箔形成的金属条组成，其中，第1层极化栅中的金属条与单锥天线的地板之间的夹角为0度，第2层极化栅中的金属条与单锥天线的地板之间的夹角为20度，第3层极化栅中的金属条与单锥天线的地板之间的夹角为40度，第4层极化栅中的金属条与单锥天线的地板之间的夹角为60度；The hollow cylindrical oblique polarizer includes 4 layers of coaxial polarization grids, each layer of the polarization grid is composed of metal strips formed by parallelly arranged copper foils covering the sides of the hollow dielectric cylinder, wherein the first layer is polarized. The angle between the metal strips in the grid and the floor of the monocone antenna is 0 degrees, the angle between the metal strips in the polarization grid in the second layer and the floor of the monocone antenna is 20 degrees, and the polarization in the third layer is 20 degrees. The angle between the metal strip in the grid and the floor of the monoconical antenna is 40 degrees, and the angle between the metal strip in the fourth layer of the polarization grid and the floor of the monoconical antenna is 60 degrees;
具体地，如图2所示，为部分第1层0度极化栅的结构示意图，其中，第1层极化栅的高度为24mm，极化栅中金属条的宽度为1.2mm，相邻金属条之间的间距为1.2mm，金属条与地板之间的夹角为0度，0度极化栅靠近单锥天线且与单锥天线顶端边缘之间的距离为3mm，0度极化栅与单锥天线之间填充聚四氟乙烯介质。Specifically, as shown in FIG. 2, it is a schematic structural diagram of part of the first layer of 0-degree polarization grids, wherein the height of the first layer of polarization grids is 24mm, the width of the metal strips in the polarization grids is 1.2mm, and the adjacent The spacing between the metal strips is 1.2mm, the angle between the metal strips and the floor is 0 degrees, the 0 degree polarization grid is close to the monocone antenna and the distance from the top edge of the monocone antenna is 3mm, 0 degree polarization Teflon dielectric is filled between the grid and the monoconical antenna.
如图3所示，为部分第2层20度极化栅的结构示意图，其中，第2层极化栅的高度为24mm，极化栅中金属条的宽度为1.2mm，相邻金属条之间的间距为1.2mm，金属条与地板之间的夹角为20度，20度极化栅位于0度极化栅外侧且与0度极化栅之间的间距为6mm，20度极化栅与0度极化栅之间填充聚四氟乙烯介质。As shown in Figure 3, it is a schematic diagram of the structure of part of the second layer of the 20-degree polarization grid, wherein the height of the second layer of the polarization grid is 24mm, the width of the metal strips in the polarization grid is 1.2mm, and the width of the adjacent metal strips is 1.2mm. The distance between them is 1.2mm, the angle between the metal strip and the floor is 20 degrees, the 20-degree polarization grid is located outside the 0-degree polarization grid and the distance from the 0-degree polarization grid is 6mm, and the 20-degree polarization grid A PTFE dielectric is filled between the gate and the 0-degree polarized gate.
如图4所示，为部分第3层40度极化栅的结构示意图，其中，第3层极化栅的高度为24mm，极化栅中金属条的宽度为1.2mm，相邻金属条之间的间距为1.2mm，金属条与地板之间的夹角为40度，40度极化栅位于20度极化栅外侧且与20度极化栅之间的间距为6.5mm，40度极化栅与20度极化栅之间填充聚四氟乙烯介质。As shown in Figure 4, it is a schematic diagram of the structure of part of the third layer of the 40-degree polarization grid, wherein the height of the third layer of the polarization grid is 24mm, the width of the metal bars in the polarization grid is 1.2mm, and the width of the adjacent metal bars is 1.2mm. The distance between them is 1.2mm, the angle between the metal strip and the floor is 40 degrees, the 40-degree polarizing grid is located outside the 20-degree polarizing grid and the distance from the 20-degree polarizing grid is 6.5 mm, and the 40-degree polarizing grid is A polytetrafluoroethylene dielectric is filled between the gate and the 20-degree polarization gate.
如图5所示，为部分第4层60度极化栅的结构示意图，其中，第4层极化栅的高度为24mm，极化栅中金属条的宽度为1.2mm，相邻金属条之间的间距为1.2mm，金属条与地板之间的夹角为60度，60度极化栅位于40度极化栅外侧且与40度极化栅之间的间距为5mm，60度极化栅与40度极化栅之间填充聚四氟乙烯介质。As shown in Figure 5, it is a schematic diagram of the structure of part of the fourth layer of the 60-degree polarization grid, wherein the height of the fourth layer of the polarization grid is 24mm, the width of the metal strips in the polarization grid is 1.2mm, and the width of the adjacent metal strips is 1.2mm. The distance between them is 1.2mm, the angle between the metal strip and the floor is 60 degrees, the 60-degree polarization grid is located outside the 40-degree polarization grid and the distance from the 40-degree polarization grid is 5mm, and the 60-degree polarization grid A PTFE dielectric is filled between the gate and the 40-degree polarized gate.
图7为实施例得到的斜极化天线的S11测试结果；从图中可以看出，该天线的S11的数值大部分在-10dB以下，且全部在-7.5dB以下。图8为实施例得到的斜极化天线的方向图；从图中可以看出，该天线方向图的不圆度性能良好。图9为实施例得到的斜极化天线的
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施例，并不用于限制本发明，应当指出，对于本领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明技术原理的前提下，还可以作出若干改进和变型，这些改进和变型也应视为本发明的保护范围。The above descriptions are only preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. It should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, some improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the technical principles of the present invention. , these improvements and modifications should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
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