CN108530446B - 一种识别苯硫酚的荧光探针 - Google Patents
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Abstract
Description
技术领域
本发明属于化学分析检测技术领域,具体涉及一种检测苯硫酚荧光探针的制备,以及该探针在检测苯硫酚中的应用。
背景技术
苯硫酚,又称巯基苯,是一种重要的化工原料,广泛应用于农药、高分子材料及药物的合成过程。而苯硫酚具有恶臭味,是一种剧毒化合物。研究表明,对鱼的致死中浓度(LC50)为0.1-0.4mM,对小鼠的半致死量(LD50)为46.2mg/kg(经口)、2.15mg/kg(皮下注射)。人暴露在苯硫酚的氛围中,对眼睛、粘膜呼吸道及皮肤有强烈的刺激作用,吸入后可引起喉、支气管痉挛、水肿及化学性肺炎、肺水肿而致死。中毒表现有烧灼感、咳嗽、喘息、喉炎、气短、头痛、恶心、呕吐。因此,开发对苯硫酚检测的方法是很有意义的。
荧光检测法因灵敏度高、检测速度快、分辨率高而成为一种重要的检测方法。近来年,有一些关于苯硫酚荧光探针的文献报道,但大部分苯硫酚荧光探响应速度慢(>10min)、发射波长短(在蓝光和黄光区域)、或斯托克斯位移小(<100nm)。长波长发射(红光或近红外光)具有很好的组织穿透性、较小的背景干扰性,而大斯托克斯位移能够减少自吸收和自发荧光的干扰以提高检测的灵敏度。目前,同时具有长波长发射、大斯托克斯位移及快速相应的苯硫酚荧光探针鲜有报道。因此,开发出具有以上特点的苯硫酚荧光探针具有很大的意义。
发明内容
为克服现有技术的不足,本发明旨在提供一种灵敏度高、选择性好,能够同时具有红光发射和大斯托克斯位移并快速检测苯硫酚的荧光探针。
本发明中的荧光探针通过4步反应制备,合成路线如下:
具体合成方法如下:(a)室温下将化合物1溶解于乙二醇单甲醚中,继续加热到115℃直到反应液变澄清,然后往上述混合液中逐滴滴加水合肼(80%),滴加完成后继续在115℃温度下将混合液继续加热回流反应3小时,待反应完成后,冷却到室温,析出大量橘黄色沉淀,过滤洗涤得到化合物2;(b)将化合物2溶解于3-甲基-2-丁酮里,然后缓慢滴加浓硫酸,反应混合液在氮气保护下回流搅拌,待反应完毕后,减压旋转蒸干剩余的3-甲基-2-丁酮,得到粗产品,用硅胶柱层进行分离提纯得到浅黄色固体产品3;(c)化合物3和对羟基苯甲醛溶解于甲苯中,搅拌混匀然后依次滴加冰醋酸和哌啶到上述混合液中,滴加完毕后,混合液在氮气保护下回流搅拌,反应完毕后,减压蒸馏除去甲苯,得到粗产品,用硅胶柱层进行分离提纯得到红色固体产品4;(d)将化合物4和2,4-二硝基氟苯溶于丙酮中,再加入无水碳酸钾,回流搅拌,反应完毕后,得到粗产品,用硅胶柱层进行分离提纯得到橘黄色固体产品5,即探针分子。
本发明的荧光探针具有大斯托克斯位移,最大吸收在450nm,与苯硫酚作用后最大发射在590nm,斯托克位移为140nm。
本发明的荧光探针选择性好。探针分子的测试体系为pH为7.4的10mM的PBS缓冲溶液包含1.0mM CTAB,25℃下测试。探针分子本身处于荧光猝灭状态,在加入15倍当量苯硫酚之后,在最大发射波长590nm处荧光强度增大了5倍。而在加入其检测物(Cys、Hcy、Phe、Trp、Leu、NO3 -、SO3 2-、S2O3 2-、NO2 -、Ca2+、K+、PO4 3-、SO4 2-、SCN-、Na+、Mg2+、H2O2、Fe3+、S2-、ClO-、Mn2+)后,荧光只有几乎没有增加。
本发明的荧光探针抗干扰能力强,其他检测物(Cys、Hcy、Phe、Trp、Leu、NO3 -、SO3 2-、S2O3 2-、NO2 -、Ca2+、K+、PO4 3-、SO4 2-、SCN-、Na+、Mg2+、H2O2、Fe3+、S2-、ClO-、Mn2+)的存在不影响检测苯硫酚的效果。
本发明的荧光探针在加入15倍当量的苯硫酚作用后,荧光立即增强,在5min达到最大值。
本发明的荧光探针可以对苯硫酚内进行定量检测。
本发明的荧光探针可以应用到实际水样的测试中,本说明中以自来水和矿泉水中添加苯硫酚的回收率进行产品。
本发明的荧光探针具有较低的细胞毒性,在20μM以内,培育24h,存活率在95%以上。此外,该探针具有很好的细胞膜穿透性,可以对细胞内外源的苯硫酚进行检测。
本发明所述的探针分子对苯硫酚(PhSH)响应后的发射波长在近红外,斯托克位移大,具有良好的选择性和抗干扰能力,并且具有好的灵敏度,具有较宽的应用范围,该荧光探针在生物与化学等领域具有实际的应用价值。
附图说明
图1为本发明的荧光探针(10.0μM)在PBS缓冲溶液(10mM,pH=7.4,1.0mM CTAB)中,与不同浓度苯硫酚(PhSH)作用后的荧光光谱变化,横坐标为波长,纵坐标为荧光强度。
图2为本发明的荧光探针(10.0μM)在PBS缓冲溶液(10mM,pH=7.4,1.0mM CTAB)中与苯硫酚(PhSH)作用过程中590nm处荧光强度随时间的线性关系,横坐标为时间,纵坐标为荧光强度。
图3为本发明的荧光探针的选择性,荧光探针在(10.0μM)在PBS缓冲溶液(10mM,pH=7.4,1.0mM CTAB)与PhSH、Cys、Hcy、Phe、Trp、Leu、NO3 -、SO3 2-、S2O3 2-、NO2 -、Ca2+、K+、PO4 3-、SO4 2-、SCN-、Na+、Mg2+、H2O2、Fe3+、S2-、ClO-、Mn2+作用后的荧光光谱,横坐标为波长,纵坐标为荧光强度。
图4为本发明的荧光探针的抗干扰性,苯硫酚(PhSH)与分析物(Cys、Hcy、Phe、Trp、Leu、NO3 -、SO3 2-、S2O3 2-、NO2 -、Ca2+、K+、PO4 3-、SO4 2-、SCN-、Na+、Mg2+、H2O2、Fe3+、S2-、ClO-、Mn2+)共存时,与荧光探针在(10.0μM)在PBS缓冲溶液(10mM,pH=7.4,1.0mM CTAB)中与苯硫酚(PhSH)作用后的荧光强度比值(I/I0)柱状图。
图5为本发明的荧光探针(10.0μM)在PBS缓冲溶液(10mM,pH=7.4,1.0mM CTAB)中,探针与苯硫酚(PhSH)作用过程中590nm处荧光强度随时间的变化,横坐标为时间,纵坐标为荧光强度。
图6为本发明的荧光探针检测Hela细胞内苯硫酚(PhSH)的共聚焦细胞成像。A1-A3为细胞在37℃时先用苯硫酚(PhSH)(150.0μM)培育15min,随后用探针(10.0μM)培育15min的成像效果。B1-B3为探针(10.0μM)在37℃时在细胞内培育15min的成像效果。
图7为本发明的荧光探针对细胞的毒性试验。在探针分子浓度在2.0×10-5mol/L时,细胞成活率在95%以上。
具体实施实例
实施例1:化合物2的合成
化合物1(3.32g,10.0mmol)溶解于50mL乙二醇单甲醚中,加热到115℃直到反应液变澄清,然后往上述混合液中逐滴滴加3.0mL水合肼(80%),滴加完成后混合液继续加热回流反应3小时,待反应完成后,冷却到室温,析出大量橘黄色沉淀,过滤洗涤得到化合物2。产量:2.32g;产率:81.9%。
实施例2:化合物3的合成
将中间体2(1.98g,7mmol)溶解于3-甲基-2-丁酮(100mL)中,然后缓慢滴加3mL浓硫酸,反应混合液在氮气保护下回流搅拌4小时,待反应完毕后,减压旋转蒸除去3-甲基-2-丁酮,得到粗产品,用硅胶柱层分离纯化(石油醚/二氯甲烷=1/10,v/v)得到浅黄色固体产品3。产量:1.13g;产率:48.5%。
实施例3:化合物4的合成
化合物3(1.0g,3mmol)和对羟基苯甲醛(0.37g,3mmol)溶解于20mL干燥的甲苯中,搅拌混匀然后依次滴加冰醋酸(0.02mL)和哌啶(0.05mL)到上述混合液中,滴加完毕后,混合液在氮气保护下回流搅拌6小时,减压旋转蒸干甲苯,得到粗产品,用柱层析分离纯化(乙醇/二氯甲烷=1/50,v/v)得到红色固体产品4。产量:0.68g;产率:51.7%。
实施例4:探针5的合成
化合物4(0.483g,1mmol),2,4-二硝基氟苯(0.279g,1.5mmol)溶于20mL干燥的丙酮中,再加入无水碳酸钾(0.276g,2mmol),回流搅拌4小时,将反应液抽滤得到滤液,减压旋转蒸干溶剂,得到粗产品,用柱层分离纯化(石油醚/二氯甲烷=1:10,v/v)得到橘黄色固体产品5即探针分子(0.212g,35.2%)。
实施例5:探针分子在实际水样中检测苯硫酚的应用
将自来水和矿泉水用过滤膜(0.22μm)过滤,然后配置成PBS缓冲溶液(10mM,pH=7.4,1.0mM CTAB)。将探针分子溶于上述缓冲溶液中,配置成10.0μM探针分子溶液,以此向该探针溶液中加入苯硫酚(0.0、4.0、8.0、12.0、16.0μM),如表1所示在自来水和矿泉水样品中均获得了良好的回收率(96%-105%),表明该探针可用于实际水样中苯硫酚的检测。
表1荧光探针在自来水和矿泉水中检测苯硫酚的回收率
实施例6:探针分子在细胞中检测苯硫酚的应用
海拉细胞首先用含苯硫酚(150.0μM)的PBS缓冲(10.0mM,pH=7.4)孵育15min,用PBS缓冲液漂洗3次;再与含探针(10.0μM)的PBS缓冲液孵育15min,用PBS缓冲液漂洗3次后,用激光共聚焦荧光显微镜进行细胞荧光成像,可以看到强烈的荧光信号。在对照实验中,HeLa细胞仅在含探针(10.0μM)的PBS缓冲液(10.0mM,pH=7.4)中孵育15min,用PBS缓冲液漂洗后,用激光共聚焦荧光显微镜进行细胞荧光成像,可以观察到极微弱的荧光信号。这些结果表明,该探针可以检测活细胞中的苯硫酚。
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