CN108521220A - A Up-flow DC Current/Current Conversion Circuit - Google Patents
A Up-flow DC Current/Current Conversion Circuit Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M3/00—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output
- H02M3/02—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC
- H02M3/04—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters
- H02M3/10—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M3/145—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M3/155—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
- H02M3/156—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
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- H02M1/14—Arrangements for reducing ripples from DC input or output
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种升流型直流电流/电流变换电路，包括输入端接入电容、电子开关、续流二极管以及储能及能量转换电感，输入端接入电容串接在恒流源的输出端，输入端接入电容的正极依次串接电子开关及储能及能量转换电感后作为升流型直流电流/电流变换电路的正极输出端、负极作为升流型直流电流/电流变换电路的负极输出端，续流二极管的正极与输入端接入电容的负极相连、正极连接在电子开关、储能及能量转换电感之间。本发明能够针对恒流供电方式的输入电流实现电流/电流转换功能，且输出电流不小于输入电流，具有简单、高效、稳定、可靠的优点。
The invention discloses a flow-up type direct current/current conversion circuit, which includes an input terminal access capacitor, an electronic switch, a freewheeling diode, and an energy storage and energy conversion inductor, and the input terminal access capacitor is connected in series with the output of a constant current source The positive pole of the input terminal connected to the capacitor is connected in series with the electronic switch and the energy storage and energy conversion inductance, which is used as the positive output terminal of the up-flow DC current/current conversion circuit, and the negative pole is used as the negative pole of the up-flow DC current/current conversion circuit. At the output end, the positive pole of the freewheeling diode is connected to the negative pole of the input capacitor, and the positive pole is connected between the electronic switch, the energy storage and energy conversion inductance. The invention can realize the current/current conversion function for the input current of the constant current power supply mode, and the output current is not less than the input current, and has the advantages of simplicity, high efficiency, stability and reliability.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及电力电子变换技术，具体涉及一种升流型直流电流/电流变换电路。The invention relates to power electronic conversion technology, in particular to a flow-up type direct current/current conversion circuit.
背景技术Background technique
当前日常的用电设备或仪器通常采用恒压供电方式，电能变换方式也是采用交流/直流变换、电压/电压转换或电压/电流转换。随着科学技术的发展和新型供电技术领域的拓展，恒流供电的需求日益显现，特别是在未来水下信息系统中，恒流供电方式将显示其独特的优势。在这类供电系统中，不可避免要用到把某一电流值转换为其他电流值（电流/电流）的变换装置。这就要求设计一种直流电流/电流变换电路来实现这一功能，但是如何实现上述直流电流/电流变换电路，则是一项亟待解决的技术问题。Current daily electrical equipment or instruments usually use a constant voltage power supply method, and the power conversion method also adopts AC/DC conversion, voltage/voltage conversion or voltage/current conversion. With the development of science and technology and the expansion of new power supply technology, the demand for constant current power supply is becoming more and more obvious. Especially in the future underwater information system, the constant current power supply method will show its unique advantages. In this type of power supply system, it is inevitable to use a conversion device that converts a certain current value into another current value (current/current). This requires designing a DC current/current conversion circuit to realize this function, but how to realize the above DC current/current conversion circuit is a technical problem to be solved urgently.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明要解决的技术问题：针对现有技术的上述问题，提供一种升流型直流电流/电流变换电路，本发明能够针对恒流供电方式的输入电流实现电流/电流转换功能，且输出电流不小于输入电流，具有简单、高效、稳定、可靠的优点。The technical problem to be solved by the present invention: Aiming at the above-mentioned problems of the prior art, a step-up type DC current/current conversion circuit is provided. The present invention can realize the current/current conversion function for the input current of the constant current power supply mode, and the output current Not less than the input current, it has the advantages of simplicity, high efficiency, stability and reliability.
为了解决上述技术问题，本发明采用的技术方案为：In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is:
一种升流型直流电流/电流变换电路，其特征在于：包括输入端接入电容C、电子开关Q、续流二极管D T 以及储能及能量转换电感L，所述输入端接入电容C串接在外部恒流源的输出端，所述输入端接入电容C的正极依次串接电子开关Q、储能及能量转换电感L后作为升流型直流电流/电流变换电路的正极输出端，输入端接入电容C的负极作为升流型直流电流/电流变换电路的负极输出端，所述续流二极管D T 的正极与输入端接入电容C的负极相连、正极连接在电子开关Q、储能及能量转换电感L之间。A flow-up type DC current/current conversion circuit, characterized in that it includes an input terminal connected to a capacitor C , an electronic switch Q , a freewheeling diode DT , and an energy storage and energy conversion inductance L , and the input terminal is connected to a capacitor C It is connected in series with the output end of the external constant current source, and the positive electrode of the input end connected to the capacitor C is sequentially connected in series with the electronic switch Q , the energy storage and energy conversion inductance L , and then used as the positive output end of the up-flow DC current/current conversion circuit , the negative pole of the input terminal connected to the capacitor C is used as the negative pole output terminal of the up-flow DC current/current conversion circuit, the positive pole of the freewheeling diode DT is connected to the negative pole of the input terminal connected to the capacitor C , and the positive pole is connected to the electronic switch Q , Between energy storage and energy conversion inductor L.
优选地，所述电子开关Q为双极型晶体管、或场效应管、或IGBT。Preferably, the electronic switch Q is a bipolar transistor, or a field effect transistor, or an IGBT.
优选地，本发明还包括脉冲宽度调制电路PWM，所述电子开关Q的控制端与脉冲宽度调制电路PWM相连Preferably, the present invention further includes a pulse width modulation circuit PWM, and the control terminal of the electronic switch Q is connected to the pulse width modulation circuit PWM
本发明的升流型直流电流/电流变换电路具有下述优点：本发明的升流型直流电流/电流变换电路包括输入端接入电容C、电子开关Q、续流二极管D T 以及储能及能量转换电感L，本发明的电路创新点在于利用输入端接入电容C的充放电的功能，将其巧妙地放置在工作电路的前端，和恒流源一起为工作电路提供电流，从而达到电流/电流转换的目的；本发明设计的电路具有输出电流不小于输入电流的特点，另外，为实现电流/电压转换，在输出端取样电压值反馈至PWM的误差电压输入端，通过调整占空比间接调整输出电压使之稳定在某一值；综上所述，本发明能够针对恒流供电方式的输入电流实现电流/电流转换功能，且输出电流不小于输入电流，具有简单、高效、稳定、可靠的优点。The up-flow type DC current/current conversion circuit of the present invention has the following advantages: the up-flow type DC current/current conversion circuit of the present invention includes an input terminal access capacitor C , an electronic switch Q , a freewheeling diode DT , and energy storage and The energy conversion inductance L , the innovative point of the circuit of the present invention is to use the charging and discharging function of the input terminal to access the capacitor C , and place it skillfully at the front end of the working circuit, and provide current for the working circuit together with the constant current source, so as to achieve the current The purpose of /current conversion; the circuit designed by the present invention has the characteristics that the output current is not less than the input current. In addition, in order to realize the current/voltage conversion, the sampling voltage value at the output terminal is fed back to the error voltage input terminal of the PWM, and by adjusting the duty cycle Indirectly adjust the output voltage to stabilize it at a certain value; in summary, the present invention can realize the current/current conversion function for the input current of the constant current power supply mode, and the output current is not less than the input current, which is simple, efficient, stable, Reliable advantages.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本发明实施例一的基本拓扑结构示意图。FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a basic topology structure of Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
图2为本发明实施例一的主要参数波形示意图。FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of waveforms of main parameters in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
实施例一：Embodiment one:
如图1所示，本实施例的升流型直流电流/电流变换电路包括输入端接入电容C、电子开关Q、续流二极管D T 以及储能及能量转换电感L，输入端接入电容C串接在外部恒流源的输出端，输入端接入电容C的正极依次串接电子开关Q、储能及能量转换电感L后作为升流型直流电流/电流变换电路的正极输出端，输入端接入电容C的负极作为升流型直流电流/电流变换电路的负极输出端，续流二极管D T 的正极与输入端接入电容C的负极相连、正极连接在电子开关Q、储能及能量转换电感L之间。本实施例的升流型直流电流/电流变换电路的基本原理是调节电子开关Q的占空比来调节输出电流与输入电流的比值，进而间接调节输出电流值。本实施例的电路创新点在于利用输入端接入电容C的充放电的功能，将其巧妙地放置在工作电路的前端，和恒流源一起为工作电路（负载R L ）提供电流，储能及能量转换电感L起到储能及能量转换的功能，电路的工作原理是调节控制电子开关Q的PWM脉冲占空比，从而控制电子开关Q的通断时间比，进而调节输出电流与输入电流的比值，理论上输出电流不小于输入电流，从而达到输出电流大于输入电流的目的。As shown in Figure 1, the step-up DC current/current conversion circuit of this embodiment includes a capacitor C connected to the input end, an electronic switch Q , a freewheeling diode DT , and an inductor L for energy storage and energy conversion. C is connected in series to the output end of the external constant current source, and the positive electrode of the input end connected to the capacitor C is sequentially connected in series with the electronic switch Q , the energy storage and energy conversion inductance L , and then used as the positive output end of the up-flow DC current/current conversion circuit. The negative pole of the input terminal connected to the capacitor C is used as the negative pole output terminal of the up-flow DC current/current conversion circuit, the positive pole of the freewheeling diode DT is connected to the negative pole of the input terminal connected to the capacitor C , and the positive pole is connected to the electronic switch Q , energy storage And between the energy conversion inductance L. The basic principle of the step-up DC current/current conversion circuit in this embodiment is to adjust the duty ratio of the electronic switch Q to adjust the ratio of the output current to the input current, and then indirectly adjust the output current value. The innovation point of the circuit in this embodiment is to use the function of charging and discharging the capacitor C connected to the input terminal, and place it skillfully at the front end of the working circuit, together with the constant current source, provide current for the working circuit (load R L ) and store energy And the energy conversion inductor L plays the function of energy storage and energy conversion. The working principle of the circuit is to adjust the PWM pulse duty cycle of the control electronic switch Q , thereby controlling the on-off time ratio of the electronic switch Q , and then adjusting the output current and input current. In theory, the output current is not less than the input current, so that the output current is greater than the input current.
参见图1，输入端接入电容C是本实施例的核心器件，具有储能作用和能量转换功能；在电子开关Q断开期间，输入电流向输入端接入电容C充电，输入端接入电容C将电能存储起来；在电子开关Q闭合期间，输入端接入电容C放电、将电能转换至储能及能量转换电感L。储能及能量转换电感L是储能和转换电感，同时具有滤波作用；电子开关Q导通期间输入端接入电容C和外部的恒流源同时向储能及能量转换电感L充电，储能及能量转换电感L将能量存储起来；电子开关Q断开期间，储能及能量转换电感L通过R L 和续流二极管D T 向负载R L 提供电流，完成能量转换。续流二极管D T 是续流二极管，电子开关Q导通期间，续流二极管D T 上加反向电压，续流二极管D T 不导通；电子开关Q断开期间，续流二极管D T 导通起续流作用。电子开关Q是由PWM脉冲信号控制的电子开关，通常当控制脉冲为高电平时，电子开关Q导通；低电平时，电子开关Q截止（断开）。图1中的R L 是负载电阻，表示用电设备，其工作电压为V o 。Referring to Fig. 1, the capacitor C connected to the input terminal is the core device of this embodiment, which has the function of energy storage and energy conversion; when the electronic switch Q is off, the input current charges the capacitor C connected to the input terminal, and the capacitor C connected to the input terminal is connected to Capacitor C stores electrical energy; during the period when electronic switch Q is closed, the input terminal is connected to capacitor C to discharge and convert electrical energy to energy storage and energy conversion inductor L. The energy storage and energy conversion inductance L is an energy storage and conversion inductance, and has a filtering effect at the same time; when the electronic switch Q is turned on, the input terminal is connected to the capacitor C and an external constant current source to charge the energy storage and energy conversion inductance L at the same time, and the energy storage And the energy conversion inductance L stores energy; when the electronic switch Q is off, the energy storage and energy conversion inductance L supplies current to the load RL through RL and the freewheeling diode DT to complete the energy conversion. The freewheeling diode DT is a freewheeling diode. During the conduction period of the electronic switch Q , the reverse voltage is applied to the freewheeling diode DT , and the freewheeling diode DT is not conducting; when the electronic switch Q is turned off, the freewheeling diode DT is conducting . It plays the role of continuous flow. The electronic switch Q is an electronic switch controlled by a PWM pulse signal. Usually, when the control pulse is at a high level, the electronic switch Q is turned on; when the control pulse is at a low level, the electronic switch Q is turned off (disconnected). R L in Fig. 1 is the load resistance, expresses the electrical equipment, and its operating voltage is V o .
参见图1，本实施例中还包括脉冲宽度调制电路PWM，电子开关Q的控制端与脉冲宽度调制电路PWM相连。若要实现电流/电压转换，可以在输出端取样电压值反馈至PWM的误差电压输入端，通过调整占空比间接调整输出电压使之稳定在某一值。本实施例中，脉冲宽度调制电路PWM根据基准电压v ref 和比较电压v f 的相对值输出占空比为D的脉冲信号，其中v ref 是基准电压，v f 是比较电压，在输出端取样电压值V o 反馈至脉冲宽度调制电路PWM的误差电压输入端（作为比较电压v f ），通过调整占空比间接调整输出电压使之稳定在某一值。Referring to FIG. 1 , this embodiment also includes a pulse width modulation circuit PWM, and the control terminal of the electronic switch Q is connected to the pulse width modulation circuit PWM. To achieve current/voltage conversion, the voltage value can be sampled at the output terminal and fed back to the error voltage input terminal of the PWM, and the output voltage can be indirectly adjusted to stabilize at a certain value by adjusting the duty cycle. In this embodiment, the pulse width modulation circuit PWM outputs a pulse signal with a duty ratio of D according to the relative value of the reference voltage v ref and the comparison voltage v f , wherein v ref is the reference voltage, v f is the comparison voltage, and is sampled at the output terminal The voltage value V o is fed back to the error voltage input terminal of the pulse width modulation circuit PWM (as a comparison voltage v f ), and the output voltage is indirectly adjusted to stabilize at a certain value by adjusting the duty cycle.
图1中除电子开关Q为开关模型以外，其余部件均为普通元器件，在实际应用中电子开关Q的开关模型可以根据需要采用双极型晶体管、或场效应管、或IGBT；脉冲宽度调制电路PWM则可以使用各种PWM集成电路来实现。In Figure 1, except that the electronic switch Q is a switch model, the rest of the components are common components. In practical applications, the switch model of the electronic switch Q can use bipolar transistors, field effect transistors, or IGBTs as required; pulse width modulation Circuit PWM can be implemented using various PWM integrated circuits.
图2所示为图1电路中相关节点的波形示意图，其中：I i 为输入电流，V g 为加到电子开关Q控制极的控制电压（开关控制脉冲），I Q 为流过储能及转换电感L的电流，V i 为输入电压，I L 为储能及转换电感L电流，I o 为输出电流，V o 为输出电压。图1中来自恒流源的输入电流I i 为恒定值，电子开关Q为由一定频率（周期为T）的脉冲来控制，在脉冲高电平时段（t on ），开关闭合。在脉冲低电平时段（t off ），电子开关Q为关断，则本实施例的升流型直流电流/电流变换电路的输出电流I o 与输入电流I i 的关系如下：Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the waveforms of the relevant nodes in the circuit in Figure 1, where: I i is the input current, V g is the control voltage (switch control pulse) applied to the control electrode of the electronic switch Q , I Q is the current flowing through the energy storage and Convert the current of the inductor L , V i is the input voltage, I L is the energy storage and conversion inductor L current, I o is the output current, V o is the output voltage. In Fig. 1, the input current I i from the constant current source is a constant value, and the electronic switch Q is controlled by a pulse with a certain frequency (period T ), and the switch is closed during the pulse high level period ( t on ). During the pulse low level period ( t off ), the electronic switch Q is turned off, then the relationship between the output current I o and the input current I i of the up-flow DC current/current conversion circuit of this embodiment is as follows:
I o =((t off /t on )/t on )I i =(T/t on )I i （1） I o =(( t off / t on )/ t on ) I i =(T/ t on ) I i (1)
式（1）中，I o 表示电子开关Q的输出电流，t off 表示脉冲低电平时段，t on 表示脉冲高电平时段，I i 表示电子开关Q的输入电流（来自恒流源）。In formula (1), I o represents the output current of the electronic switch Q , t off represents the pulse low level period, t on represents the pulse high level period, I i represents the input current of the electronic switch Q (from a constant current source).
若设占空比为D=t on /T，其中T表示周期，t on 表示脉冲高电平时段，则（1）式可变换为如下式（2）所示形式：If the duty cycle is set as D = t on / T , where T represents the period, and t on represents the high-level period of the pulse, then the formula (1) can be transformed into the form shown in the following formula (2):
I o = I i /D（0<D<=1）（2） Io = Ii / D (0 < D <=1) (2)
从（1）（2）两式可以看出，只要调节控制脉冲的占空比D，就可改变输出输入电流的比值。进一步，如果负载是固定的，那么就可通过调节D达到间接调节输出电压的目的。但输出电流值必须大于等于输入电流值，即有I o ≥I i 。电路工作过程如下：It can be seen from (1) and (2) that as long as the duty ratio D of the control pulse is adjusted, the ratio of output to input current can be changed. Further, if the load is fixed, the purpose of indirectly adjusting the output voltage can be achieved by adjusting D. But the output current value must be greater than or equal to the input current value, that is, I o ≥ I i . The working process of the circuit is as follows:
控制脉冲低电平时段，电子开关Q截止，恒流源将电流全部用于给储能电容C充电。经过截止时间t off 后，控制电路输出正脉冲，电子开关Q导通。因续流二极管D T 存在，此时恒流源电流与输入端接入电容C释放的电流一同流经储能及能量转换电感L，为负载电阻R L 供电。储能及能量转换电感L中的电流逐渐上升，储能及能量转换电感L两端的电压约为V i －V o ，储能及能量转换电感L将电能转化为磁能储存起来。经过导通时间t on 后，电子开关Q截止，恒流源再次为输入端接入电容C充电。因储能及能量转换电感L中电流不能突变，这时储能及能量转换电感L两端产生右端正左端负的自感电势抗拒电流下降。续流二极管D T 正向偏置导通，储能及能量转换电感L、负载电阻R L 和续流二极管D T 构成回路，回路电流值缓慢下降。储能及能量转换电感L中储存的磁能转化为电能释放出来供给负载电阻R L ，经过截止时间t off 后，重复上述过程，最终达到电路稳定工作。实验证明，该电路在额定工作功率的条件下转换效率可达90%以上，且只要接上适当的反馈电路即可实现电流/电压转换。During the low-level period of the control pulse, the electronic switch Q is cut off, and the constant current source uses all the current to charge the energy storage capacitor C. After the cut- off time toff , the control circuit outputs a positive pulse, and the electronic switch Q is turned on. Due to the existence of the freewheeling diode DT , the constant current source current and the current released by the input capacitor C flow together through the energy storage and energy conversion inductor L to supply power to the load resistor RL . The current in the energy storage and energy conversion inductor L gradually rises, and the voltage across the energy storage and energy conversion inductor L is about V i - V o , and the energy storage and energy conversion inductor L converts electrical energy into magnetic energy and stores it. After the conduction time t on , the electronic switch Q is turned off, and the constant current source charges the input capacitor C again. Because the current in the energy storage and energy conversion inductance L cannot change abruptly, the self-inductance potential of the right end positive and the left end negative generated at both ends of the energy storage and energy conversion inductance L resists the current drop. The freewheeling diode DT is forward-biased and turned on, the energy storage and energy conversion inductance L , the load resistor RL and the freewheeling diode DT form a loop, and the loop current value decreases slowly. Energy storage and energy conversion The magnetic energy stored in the inductor L is converted into electrical energy and released to the load resistor RL . After the cut-off time t off , the above process is repeated to finally achieve stable circuit operation. Experiments have proved that the conversion efficiency of this circuit can reach more than 90% under the condition of rated working power, and the current/voltage conversion can be realized as long as an appropriate feedback circuit is connected.
实施例二：Embodiment two:
本实施例与实施例一基本相同，其主要区别为：本实施例中，本实施例的升流型直流电流/电流变换电路不包含集成的脉冲宽度调制电路PWM，电子开关Q的控制端与外部的PWM输出设备的输出端相连。This embodiment is basically the same as Embodiment 1, and the main difference is: in this embodiment, the up-flow type DC current/current conversion circuit of this embodiment does not include an integrated pulse width modulation circuit PWM, and the control terminal of the electronic switch Q is connected to connected to the output of an external PWM output device.
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式，本发明的保护范围并不仅局限于上述实施例，凡属于本发明思路下的技术方案均属于本发明的保护范围。应当指出，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明原理前提下的若干改进和润饰，这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。The above descriptions are only preferred implementations of the present invention, and the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments, and all technical solutions under the idea of the present invention belong to the scope of protection of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, some improvements and modifications without departing from the principle of the present invention should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
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