CN108516499A - A kind of electri forklift structure - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention provides an electric forklift structure applied to the technical field of forklift for cargo transfer. The electric forklift structure includes a vehicle body a, a chassis b, and a mast system c. The space layout of the chassis is changed, battery power is used, the vehicle is driven by a single motor, the mechanical transmission scheme realizes the speed control through the electrical system, the transmission and the clutch are no longer needed, and the chassis layout of the forklift is optimized. On the other hand, the present invention improves the design of the mast system of the forklift, and adds the functions of the controlled autonomous lateral movement of two pallet forks and the rotation of the mast system, thus changing the traditional manual operation, making it easy to fork and pick up the goods, and also ensuring the safety of the goods. The stability makes the forklift have better performance.

Description

An electric forklift structure

technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of forklift trucks for cargo transfer, and more specifically relates to a structure of an electric forklift truck.

Background technique

The traditional forklift chassis has a complex structure. For example, the transmission system of a fuel forklift also includes a transmission and a clutch, which is not conducive to the layout of the forklift chassis. Moreover, the existing forklift structure has a fixed mast system and does not have the functions of rotation and angle tilt. The two forks cannot be controlled and autonomously move laterally, which is not conducive to the fork loading of goods, and also increases the difficulty of using the forklift, thus failing to meet the actual use needs of the forklift. In view of this, the inventor has conducted in-depth research on the above-mentioned problems, and designed a novel electric forklift structure.

Contents of the invention

The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a new type of electric forklift structure in view of the deficiencies of the prior art. On the one hand, the space layout of the forklift chassis is changed, the battery is used for power supply, the vehicle is driven by a single motor, and the mechanical transmission scheme is adopted. , the speed control is realized through the electrical system, the transmission and clutch are no longer needed, and the chassis layout of the forklift is optimized; on the other hand, the design of the forklift mast system is improved, and two forks are added. Controlled autonomous lateral movement and mast system The rotation function has changed the traditional manual operation, which is convenient for picking up the goods, and also ensures the stability of the goods, so that the forklift has better performance.

Realize above-mentioned technical problem, the technical scheme that the present invention takes is:

An electric forklift structure, the electric forklift structure includes a body, a chassis and a door frame system.

The structural design of the transmission system of the chassis part is as follows: the battery and the motor are fixedly installed on the chassis, the motor is connected to the battery, one end of the reducer is connected to the motor, the reducer is connected to the transmission shaft through the universal joint I, and the transmission shaft passes through the universal joint I. Joint II is connected to the differential, the left side of the differential is connected to the right end of the left half shaft, the left end of the left half shaft is connected to the left front wheel, the right side of the differential is connected to the left end of the right half shaft, and the right end of the right half shaft is connected to the right front Wheels are connected, and the structure of the electric forklift is set as a front-wheel drive and rear-wheel steering structure.

The structural design of the gantry system is as follows: the gantry system includes a cargo fork, the cargo fork is set in an L-shaped structure, the cargo fork is composed of a vertical part and a horizontal part, and one end of the upper traverse hydraulic cylinder is fixed on the left cargo fork. The other end of the upper traversing hydraulic cylinder is connected to the outer mast, one end of the lower traversing hydraulic cylinder is fixed on the right cargo fork, and one end of the lower traversing hydraulic cylinder is connected to the outer mast. On the one hand, a lateral movement hydraulic system is designed on the fork frame, and two lateral movement hydraulic cylinders are designed. One end of each transverse movement hydraulic cylinder is fixed on the fork, and the other end is connected to the outer mast. The movement of the cylinder can make the forks move left and right after being controlled, changing the traditional way of manually moving the two forks laterally, and sending instructions to the controller through the main console, so that the two forks can move laterally autonomously after being controlled, which is convenient Goods of different sizes can be forked; on the other hand, a tilting hydraulic cylinder is designed in the mast system, and the controller controls the movement of the tilting cylinder, so that the mast system can make a certain rotation around the axis connected with the body, which is convenient for forking goods , It also ensures the stability of the goods, making the forklift have better performance.

The transmission system is designed as follows: the structure of the electric forklift adopts single-motor traction, the speed reducer is a two-stage final drive, the differential is a symmetrical bevel gear differential, and the two-stage final drive is set to achieve deceleration The structure of the symmetrical bevel gear differential is set to a structure that can realize the differential driving of the left front wheel and the right front wheel. In the above structure, the running of the vehicle is controlled by the controller, and the transmission and the clutch are omitted. Aspect the braking system, the present invention adopts rear wheel braking, and what is installed on the rear wheel of the forklift is an unbalanced leading shoe brake.

The door frame system is installed on the vehicle body, the door frame system includes an inner door frame, an outer door frame, a lifting cylinder, a pulley seat, a pulley, a chain, and a tilting oil cylinder, the inner door frame is fixedly connected with the vehicle body, and the inner door frame Embedded on the inside of the outer mast, the lower end of the lifting cylinder is connected to the inner mast, the upper end of the lifting cylinder is connected to the pulley seat, one end of the pulley seat is connected to the inner mast, and the other end is equipped with a pulley. The chain bypasses the pulley, and one end of the chain is connected to the inner door. The other end of the chain is connected with the outer mast. The outer mast is movable and mounted on the inner mast. The outer mast is equipped with a cargo fork capable of lifting and transporting goods. Controller connection.

The inner gantry of the gantry system includes two uprights, an upper end beam and a middle crossbeam. There are guide rails on the inside of the two uprights, and there are hinge shafts on both sides of the middle crossbeam that can be connected to the tilting oil cylinder. One end of the inclined oil cylinder is connected, and the other end of the inclined oil cylinder is connected with the vehicle body.

The outer mast of the mast system includes a column, a middle beam, and a lower beam. There is a horizontal tie rod at the lower part of the outer mast.

The fork is designed to form an L shape, that is, it is composed of a vertical part and a horizontal part. One end of the upper traversing hydraulic cylinder is fixed on the left fork, and the other end is connected to the outer mast. The movement of the upper traversing hydraulic cylinder is controlled by the controller to make the left fork move left and right after being controlled. Similarly, the lower traversing hydraulic cylinder One end of the cylinder is fixed on the right fork, and the other end is connected to the outer mast. By controlling the movement of the hydraulic cylinder, the right fork can move left and right after being controlled by the controller, changing the traditional manual movement of the two forks. In this way, the main console sends instructions to the controller, so that the two forks can move laterally autonomously after being controlled, so as to facilitate the forking of goods of different sizes.

The tilting cylinder system is designed with two tilting cylinders, one end of each tilting cylinder is connected with the inner mast, the other end of each tilting cylinder is connected with the vehicle body, the lower part of the inner mast is hinged on the vehicle body, and the controller is set to be able to control the The tilt cylinder telescopically realizes the structure of controlling the rotation of the mast system around the axis connected with the vehicle body. Since the lower part of the inner mast is hinged on the vehicle body, the mast system can automatically tilt forward or backward at a certain angle through the controller and with the help of the tilt cylinder, so that the mast system can move around the axis connected to the body rotation at a certain angle.

Adopt technical scheme of the present invention, can obtain following beneficial effect:

The electric forklift structure of the present invention, on the one hand, adopts battery power supply, single motor to drive the vehicle, selects mechanical transmission method, realizes speed control through electrical system, does not need transmission and clutch, and the overall design optimizes the layout of the forklift chassis, thereby effectively Reduce the manufacturing cost of forklifts and effectively improve the driving comfort and safety of electric forklifts during operation. On the other hand, the present invention aims at the mast system of forklifts and adds two forks with controlled autonomous lateral movement and mast system rotation functions , Changing the traditional manual operation, it is convenient to fork the goods, and also ensures the stability of the goods, so that the forklift has better performance.

Description of drawings

The following is a brief description of the contents expressed in the drawings of this manual and the marks in the drawings:

Fig. 1 is the explosive structure schematic diagram of electric forklift structure of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is the structural representation of the transmission system of electric forklift structure according to the present invention;

Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the structural composition of the transmission system of the electric forklift structure according to the present invention;

Fig. 4 is the schematic diagram of the mast system of electric forklift structure according to the present invention;

Fig. 5 is a side view of the mast system of the electric forklift structure according to the present invention;

Fig. 6 is a structural schematic diagram of the outer mast of the electric forklift structure according to the present invention;

Fig. 7 is a structural schematic diagram of the inner mast of the electric forklift structure according to the present invention;

Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of the partial structure of the inner mast fork frame of the electric forklift structure according to the present invention;

Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of the mast lifting cylinder of the electric forklift structure according to the present invention;

Fig. 10 is a schematic diagram of the pulley seat of the mast system of the electric forklift structure according to the present invention;

Fig. 11 is a schematic diagram of the mast lifting pulley of the electric forklift structure according to the present invention;

Fig. 12 is a schematic diagram of the mast tilting oil cylinder of the electric forklift structure according to the present invention.

The marks in the drawings are: a, body; b, chassis; c, mast system;

b-1, battery; b-2, motor; b-3, reducer; b-4, transmission shaft; b-5, differential; b-6-1, left half shaft; b-6-2, Right axle; b-7-1, left front wheel; b-7-2, right front wheel; b-7-3, right rear wheel; b-7-4, left rear wheel; b-8, drum Brake; b-9, controller (including control of electrical system and hydraulic system); b-10-1, universal joint I; b-10-2, universal joint II;

c-1, inner mast; c-2, outer mast; c-3, lifting cylinder; c-4, pulley seat; c-5, pulley; c-6, chain; c-7, inclined cylinder;

c-1-1, inner mast column; c-1-2, inner mast upper beam; c-1-3, inner mast middle beam; c-1-4, inner mast guide rail; c-1- 5. The hinge shaft of the inner mast; c-1-6. The connecting hinge of the inner mast frame;

c-2-1, the column of the outer mast; c-2-2, the middle beam of the outer mast; c-2-3, the lower beam of the outer mast; c-2-4, the fork; c-2-5, Outer mast horizontal tie rod; c-2-6-1, upper traverse hydraulic cylinder; c-2-6-2, lower traverse hydraulic cylinder.

Detailed ways

Below with reference to the accompanying drawings, through the description of the embodiments, the specific embodiments of the present invention, such as the shape, structure, mutual position and connection relationship between the various parts, the role and working principle of the various parts, etc., will be further described. Detailed instructions:

As shown in accompanying drawings 1 to 12, the present invention provides an electric forklift structure. On the one hand, the structure of the electric forklift described is powered by a battery, the vehicle is driven by a single motor, the mechanical transmission method is selected, the speed control is realized through the electrical system, the transmission and the clutch are omitted, the layout of the forklift chassis is optimized, and the operating speed of the electric forklift is improved. Driving comfort and safe braking during operation. On the other hand, the present invention improves the design of the mast system of the forklift, increases the functions of the controlled autonomous lateral movement of the fork and the autonomous rotation of the mast, which facilitates the fork to pick up the goods, and also ensures the stability of the goods, making the forklift more excellent. performance.

As shown in accompanying drawing 1, the present invention is a kind of electric forklift structure, and described electric forklift structure adopts the counterweight forklift structure type, comprises vehicle body a, chassis b, mast system c three parts.

As shown in Figure 2, the transmission system of the electric forklift is arranged on the chassis b, the battery b-1 and the motor b-2 are fixedly installed on the chassis b, the motor b-2 is connected to the battery b-1, and the reducer One end of b-3 is connected to the motor b-2, the reducer b-3 is connected to the transmission shaft b-4 through the universal joint Ⅰb-10-1, and the transmission shaft b-4 is connected to the differential speed through the universal joint Ⅱb-10-2 The left side of the differential b-5 is connected with the right end of the left half shaft b-6-1, the left end of the left half shaft b-6-1 is connected with the left front wheel b-7-1, and the differential b -5 The right side is connected with the left end of the right semi-axis b-6-2, the right end of the right semi-axis b-6-2 is connected with the right front wheel b-7-2, and the structure of the electric forklift is set as front-wheel drive, rear-wheel drive steering structure. The above structure realizes reliable and stable driving of the electric vehicle.

The transmission system structure of a kind of electric forklift structure described in the present invention, as shown in accompanying drawing 3, specific implementation mode is that storage battery b-1 supplies power, drives motor b-2 to work, drives the vehicle through single motor b-2, and motor The controller b-9 controls the rotational speed and torque of the motor to realize the speed control of the vehicle. Through the deceleration of the double-stage final reducer b-3, the symmetrical bevel gear differential b-5 can realize the differential driving of the left front wheel b-7-1 and the right front wheel b-7-2. It is one of the advantages of the present invention to adopt the mechanical transmission method and realize the speed control through the electrical system without needing a speed changer and a clutch. As shown in attached drawings 2 and 3, the reducer in the transmission system adopts the double-stage main reducer b-3, the main structural feature of which is the main reducer composed of two-stage gear reduction, which can ensure the ground clearance At the same time, a large transmission ratio is obtained. The structural design of the two-stage final reducer b-3 is already mature, as is well known to those skilled in the art, and will not be repeated here. As shown in accompanying drawing 2, accompanying drawing 3, the differential of electric forklift structure of the present invention adopts symmetrical bevel gear type differential b-5, and it has characteristics such as simple in structure, stable and reliable operation. Since the structure of the electric forklift generally has a relatively large load, the number of planetary gears of the differential of the present invention is selected to be four. As shown in accompanying drawing 2, accompanying drawing 3, the present invention adopts rear wheel braking, drum brake b-8 is respectively installed on right rear wheel b-7-3, left rear wheel b-7-4, specifically The unbalanced leading shoe brake has a simple mechanism, low cost, good braking performance and stability.

As shown in accompanying drawing 4 and accompanying drawing, the mast system c is installed on the vehicle body a, and the mast system c includes an inner mast c-1, an outer mast c-2, and a lifting cylinder c-3 , pulley seat c-4, pulley c-5, chain c-6, tilting oil cylinder c-7, the inner mast c-1 is fixedly connected with the body a, and the inner mast c-1 is embedded in the inner side of the outer mast c-2 , the lower end of the lifting cylinder c-3 is connected with the inner mast c-1, the upper end of the lifting cylinder c-3 is connected with the pulley seat c-4, one end of the pulley seat c-4 is connected with the inner mast c-1, and the other end is installed Pulley c-5, chain c-6 bypasses pulley c-5, one end of chain c-6 is connected with inner mast c-1, the other end of chain c-6 is connected with outer mast c-2, and the outer door Frame c-2 is movable and clamped on the inner mast c-1, the outer mast c-2 is equipped with a cargo fork c-2-4 capable of lifting goods, and the lifting cylinder c-3 is connected with the lifting cylinder c- 3. Lift the controller b-9 connection.

As shown in Figure 6, the inner gantry c-1 of the gantry system c includes two columns c-1-1, an upper end beam c-1-2, a middle beam c-1-3, two upright columns The inner side of c-1-1 has guide rail c-1-4, and the two sides of the middle beam c-1-3 have hinge shaft c-1-5 that can be connected to tilt cylinder c-7, and the hinge shaft c-1-5 makes The inner mast c-1 is connected to one end of the tilting cylinder c-7, and the other end of the tilting cylinder c-7 is connected to the vehicle body a.

As shown in Figure 7, the outer mast c-2 of the mast system c includes a column c-2-1, a middle beam c-2-2, a lower beam c-2-3, and the outer mast c- 2 There is a horizontal tie rod c-2-5 in the lower part, the shaft at the top of the fork c-2-4 is installed on the horizontal tie rod c-2-5, and the cargo fork c-2-4 is set to be able to move left and right along the shaft structure.

Accompanying drawing 8 is the schematic diagram of the local structure of the inner mast fork frame of the electric forklift structure according to the present invention. Fork c-2-4 is designed to form an L-shape, which is composed of a vertical part and a horizontal part. One end of the upper traversing hydraulic cylinder c-2-6-1 is fixed on the left fork, and the other end of the upper traversing hydraulic cylinder c-2-6-1 is connected to the outer mast c-2, and the upper traversing is controlled by the controller The movement of the hydraulic cylinder can make the left fork move left and right after being controlled. Similarly, one end of the lower traverse hydraulic cylinder c-2-6-2 is fixed on the right fork, and the lower traverse hydraulic cylinder c-2-6- 2. The other end is connected to the outer mast c-2. Through the controller to control the movement of the lower traverse hydraulic cylinder, the right fork can be controlled to move left and right. In this way, the traditional manual lateral movement of the two forks is changed. In this way, the main console sends instructions to the controller, so that the two forks can move laterally autonomously after being controlled, which is convenient for forking goods of different sizes, and effectively improves the scope of application of the forklift. This is an advantage of the structural design of the forklift.

As shown in accompanying drawings 9 to 11, the lifting cylinder c-3 includes a large cylinder and a small cylinder, the bottom of the lifting cylinder c-3 is connected to the inner mast c-1, and the upper part is connected to the pulley seat c -4, the pulley seat c-4 is fixed on the top of the inner door frame c-1, the pulley c-5 is installed on the pulley seat c-4, the chain c-6 bypasses the pulley c-5, and one end of the chain c-6 is connected to the inner The mast c-1 is connected, the other end of the chain c-6 is connected with the outer mast c-2, the outer mast c-2 is movably mounted on the inner mast c-1, and the fork is installed on the outer mast c-2 c-2-4, when the controller b-9 controls the expansion and contraction of the lifting cylinder c-3, the lifting cylinder c-3 is set to be able to control the relative lifting of the positions of the outer mast c-2 and the inner mast c-1, Thereby control the lifting structure of the pallet fork frame through the chain.

Accompanying drawing 12 shows the schematic diagram of the mast tilting oil cylinder c-7 of the electric forklift structure according to the present invention. The tilt cylinder system is designed with two tilt cylinders, one end of each tilt cylinder c-7 is connected to the inner mast, the other end of each tilt cylinder c-7 is connected to the body a, and the lower part of the inner mast c-1 is hinged on On the vehicle body a, the controller is set to a structure capable of controlling the rotation of the mast system around the axis connected to the vehicle body by controlling the expansion and contraction of the tilt cylinder c-7. Since the lower part of the inner mast is hinged on the vehicle body, the mast system can automatically tilt forward or backward at a certain angle through the controller and with the help of the tilt cylinder, which allows the mast system to move around the axis connected to the body to a certain extent. The angle rotation makes it easy to fork the goods, and also ensures the stability of the goods, making the forklift have better performance. This is also another advantage of the forklift structure design.

The present invention has been exemplarily described above in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the specific implementation of the present invention is not limited by the above-mentioned manner, as long as various improvements are adopted in the method concept and technical solutions of the present invention, or the present invention is converted without improvement. The ideas and technical solutions of the invention that are directly applied to other occasions are within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (8)

1. An electric forklift structure, characterized in that: the electric forklift structure includes vehicle body (a), chassis (b), door frame system (c), storage battery (b-1) and motor (b-2) fixed Installed on the chassis (b), the motor (b-2) is connected to the battery (b-1), one end of the reducer (b-3) is connected to the motor (b-2), and the reducer (b-3) Connect with the transmission shaft (b-4) through the universal joint I (b-10-1), and the transmission shaft (b-4) and the differential (b-5) through the universal joint II (b-10-2) Connection, the left side of the differential (b-5) is connected with the right end of the left half shaft (b-6-1), and the left end of the left half shaft (b-6-1) is connected with the left front wheel (b-7-1), The right side of the differential (b-5) is connected to the left end of the right half shaft (b-6-2), and the right end of the right half shaft (b-6-2) is connected to the right front wheel (b-7-2). The structure of the electric forklift is set as a front-wheel drive and rear-wheel steering structure. 2. The electric forklift structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: the mast system (c) includes a fork (c-2-4), and the fork (c-2-4) is set in an L shape structure, the cargo fork (c-2-4) is composed of a vertical part and a horizontal part, one end of the upper traverse hydraulic cylinder (c-2-6-1) is fixed on the left fork, and the upper traverse hydraulic cylinder (c-2 -6-1) The other end is connected to the outer mast (c-2), one end of the lower traverse hydraulic cylinder (c-2-6-2) is fixed on the right fork, and the lower traverse hydraulic cylinder (c-2- 6-2) One end is connected to the outer mast (c-2). 3. The electric forklift structure according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the electric forklift structure adopts single motor traction, the speed reducer is a double-stage main speed reducer (b-3), and the differential is a symmetrical cone The gear type differential (b-5), the two-stage final reducer (b-3) is set to realize the deceleration structure, and the symmetrical bevel gear type differential (b-5) is set to realize the structure of the left front wheel (b-5). -7-1) and the structure of the right front wheel (b-7-2) differential travel. 4. The electric forklift structure according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: a mast system (c) is installed on the vehicle body (a) of the electric forklift structure, and the mast system (c) includes an inner Mast (c-1), outer mast (c-2), lifting cylinder (c-3), pulley seat (c-4), pulley (c-5), chain (c-6), tilting cylinder (c-7), the inner mast (c-1) is fixedly connected with the body (a), the inner mast (c-1) is embedded inside the outer mast (c-2), and the lifting cylinder (c-3) The lower end is connected with the inner mast (c-1), the upper end of the lifting cylinder (c-3) is connected with the pulley seat (c-4), and one end of the pulley seat (c-4) is connected with the inner mast (c-1). The pulley (c-5) is installed at the other end, the chain (c-6) goes around the pulley (c-5), one end of the chain (c-6) is connected with the inner mast (c-1), and the other end of the chain (c-6) One end is connected with the outer mast (c-2), and the outer mast (c-2) is movably mounted on the inner mast (c-1), and the outer mast (c-2) is installed on the outer mast (c-2) to carry goods The pallet fork (c-2-4), the lifting cylinder (c-3) is connected with the controller (b-9) capable of controlling the lifting of the lifting cylinder (c-3). 5. The electric forklift structure according to claim 4, characterized in that: the inner mast (c-1) of the mast system (c) includes two columns (c-1-1), and the upper beam ( c-1-2), middle beam (c-1-3), guide rails (c-1-4) on the inside of two columns (c-1-1), and two sides of middle beam (c-1-3) There is a hinge shaft (c-1-5) that can be connected to the tilt cylinder (c-7), and the inner mast (c-1) is connected to one end of the tilt cylinder (c-7) through the hinge shaft (c-1-5) , the other end of the tilt cylinder (c-7) is connected with the vehicle body (a). 6. The electric forklift structure according to claim 4, characterized in that: the outer mast (c-2) of the mast system (c) includes a column (c-2-1, a middle beam (c-2 -2), the lower end beam (c-2-3), there is a horizontal tie rod (c-2-5) at the bottom of the outer mast (c-2), and the shaft on the top of the fork (c-2-4) is installed on On the horizontal tie bar (c-2-5), the cargo fork (c-2-4) is arranged as a structure capable of moving left and right along the shaft. 7. The electric forklift structure according to claim 4, characterized in that: the lifting cylinder (c-3) includes a large cylinder body and a small cylinder body, and the bottom of the lifting cylinder (c-3) and the inner mast (c-1) connection, the upper part is connected to the pulley seat (c-4), the pulley seat (c-4) is fixed on the top of the inner mast (c-1), and the pulley (c-5) is installed on the pulley seat (c- 4), the chain (c-6) bypasses the pulley (c-5), one end of the chain (c-6) is connected with the inner mast (c-1), and the other end of the chain (c-6) is connected with the outer mast (c-6). -2) connection, the outer mast (c-2) is movable and mounted on the inner mast (c-1), and the fork (c-2-4) is installed on the outer mast (c-2), when the controller (b-9) When controlling the expansion and contraction of the lifting cylinder (c-3), the lifting cylinder (c-3) is set to be able to control the relative lifting of the outer mast (c-2) and the inner mast (c-1), Thereby control the lifting structure of the pallet fork frame through the chain. 8. The electric forklift structure according to claim 4, characterized in that: one end of the tilting cylinder (c-7) of the mast system is connected to the inner mast, and the other end of the tilting cylinder (c-7) is connected to the vehicle body ( a) Connection, the lower part of the inner mast (c-1) is hinged on the body (a), and the controller is set to a structure that can control the rotation of the mast system around the axis connected to the body by controlling the expansion and contraction of the tilt cylinder (c-7) .