CN108507895B - Vertical multifunctional friction and wear test machine - Google Patents
Vertical multifunctional friction and wear test machine Download PDFInfo
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- CN108507895B CN108507895B CN201810608983.5A CN201810608983A CN108507895B CN 108507895 B CN108507895 B CN 108507895B CN 201810608983 A CN201810608983 A CN 201810608983A CN 108507895 B CN108507895 B CN 108507895B
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- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 66
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000033001 locomotion Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010687 lubricating oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/56—Investigating resistance to wear or abrasion
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/003—Generation of the force
- G01N2203/005—Electromagnetic means
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/022—Environment of the test
- G01N2203/0222—Temperature
- G01N2203/0226—High temperature; Heating means
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/06—Indicating or recording means; Sensing means
- G01N2203/067—Parameter measured for estimating the property
- G01N2203/0676—Force, weight, load, energy, speed or acceleration
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- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Testing Of Devices, Machine Parts, Or Other Structures Thereof (AREA)
- Force Measurement Appropriate To Specific Purposes (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a vertical multifunctional friction and wear test machine, which comprises a test machine body, wherein a main shaft box is arranged at the upper part of the test machine body, a rotary disc, a grinding wheel and a fixed disc are arranged on the main shaft box, the rotary disc is detachably arranged, a main shaft is driven by a steering gear to drive the rotary disc to rotate in the main shaft box through a bearing, and a detachable vibrator and a heater are arranged on the rotary disc; the grinding wheel is detachably arranged and passes through the bearing; the fixed disc is fixed at the top end of the main shaft box; the friction block is arranged on the rotating disk or the fixed disk, and a detachable testing device is arranged on the friction block. According to the invention, a novel friction pair is adopted, namely, the rotating disc is arranged in the bearing, the rotating disc and the fixed disc have higher coaxial precision, the coaxiality of the rotating disc and the fixed disc is better ensured, the rotating disc is ensured to stably rotate around the axial direction, and the conditions of poor contact between the shaft end suspension and the rotating swinging head of the rotating disc and the friction block and the friction disc (the fixed disc or the rotating disc) and unstable operation of the friction pair are avoided.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of metal friction tests, in particular to a vertical multifunctional friction and wear test machine.
Background
At present, in friction and wear test of metal materials, a pin-disc type friction and wear test tester is used in comparison flow, and the function of the friction and wear test tester is to perform friction and wear test on the properties of the metal materials without considering the influence of practical efficacy of actual structural forms, movement forms and the like. However, the machining, assembly and operation accuracy of the equipment are required to be high. However, the common pin-disc friction testing machine has certain limitations in the structural form and the practical use, and cannot fully meet the technical requirements, and the following defects cannot be overcome:
1. the axial and radial runout of the plane of the rotating disk is larger, the plane of the rotating disk is easy to generate space motion, and the phenomena of impact, runout and the like are generated between friction pairs;
2. the friction test block is insufficiently contacted with the rotary disc surface, point contact and line contact are easy to occur, and the friction pair cannot work normally;
in summary, the existing frictional wear testing machine has the problems of low running stability, short normal service life and low testing precision.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problems of low running stability, short normal working life and low test precision of the conventional friction and wear testing machine.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the technical scheme that a vertical multifunctional friction and wear test machine is provided
The testing machine comprises a testing machine body, wherein a steering gear is arranged at the bottom of the testing machine body and driven by a speed-adjusting motor, and is characterized in that a spindle box is arranged on the upper portion of the testing machine body, and is provided with:
the rotary disc is detachably arranged, is rotationally arranged in the spindle box through a bearing, and is driven by the steering gear and penetrates through the rotary disc to drive the rotary disc to rotate, and a detachable vibrator and a heater are further arranged on the rotary disc;
the grinding wheel is detachably arranged in the bearing;
the fixed disc is fixed at the top end of the main shaft box;
the friction block is arranged on the rotating disc or the fixed disc, and a detachable testing device is arranged on the friction block.
In the above scheme, the testing device comprises a first vertical force transducer and a second horizontal force transducer, wherein the first force transducer is arranged in a clamp in a shape like a Chinese character 'men', an adjusting bolt is arranged at the top of the clamp, the adjusting bolt downwards passes through the clamp and is propped against the first force transducer, and an elastic sleeve is arranged at the lower part of the first force transducer; the second force transducer is fixedly arranged in the clamping groove of the transducer bracket.
In the above scheme, the friction block is fixed on the horizontal press block, the horizontal press block is arranged in the square cylindrical upper press block in a sliding manner, the upper press block is arranged below the elastic sleeve, one side of the horizontal press block is provided with the second sensor, the other side of the horizontal press block is provided with the clamping block used for limiting the position of the horizontal press block, and the clamping block comprises a first clamping block and a second clamping block which are embedded inside and outside.
In the above scheme, the upper portion of fixed disk is equipped with the torque meter, the top of testing machine body is equipped with the roof, the torque meter with roof elastic connection.
In the scheme, a torque tachometer and an elastic coupler are sequentially arranged between the steering gear and the main shaft, a bearing seat is arranged at the bottom of the main shaft, an upper thrust bearing and a lower thrust bearing are arranged in the bearing seat, the main shaft is arranged in the main shaft box through the main shaft bearing, and an adjusting screw sleeve is arranged between the main shaft bearing and the adjacent thrust bearing.
In the scheme, the vibrator adopts a vibration exciter, the heater adopts a heating resistance wire or a thermocouple, and the lower part of the main shaft is provided with a conductive slip ring.
In the above scheme, the fixed disk is provided with a third force transducer which is fixed by a limiting block, and the third force transducer is contacted with the rotating disk.
In the above scheme, be equipped with the extension board on the testing machine body, the headstock sets up on the extension board.
In the above scheme, a spindle box gasket is arranged between the spindle and the support plate.
In the above-described scheme, the first and second sensors are disposed in a row.
According to the invention, a new form of friction pair is adopted, namely, the rotating disc is arranged in the bearing, the rotating disc and the fixed disc have higher coaxial precision, the coaxiality of the rotating disc and the fixed disc is better ensured in terms of design and processing technology, the radial constraint and fixation of the rotating disc are ensured, the constraint is carried out on the axial freedom degree, the rotation around the axial direction can be stably carried out, and the conditions of poor contact between the shaft end suspension and the rotating swinging head of the rotating disc and the friction block and the friction disc (the fixed disc or the rotating disc) and unstable work of the friction pair are avoided.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of main components of a first embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is an exploded view of the headstock, rotating disk, stationary disk and test apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of the headstock of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of the upper half of the test device of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of the lower half of the test device of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of a second embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 8 is a structural cross-sectional view of a fixing plate according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The invention discloses a vertical multifunctional frictional wear test machine, and a person skilled in the art can properly improve process parameters by referring to the content of the text. It is to be particularly pointed out that all similar substitutes and modifications apparent to those skilled in the art are deemed to be included in the invention and that the relevant person can make modifications and appropriate alterations and combinations of what is described herein to make and use the technology without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
In the present invention, unless otherwise indicated, scientific and technical terms used herein have the meanings commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art.
As shown in fig. 1, the vertical multifunctional friction and wear test machine provided by the invention comprises a test machine body 3, wherein a steering gear 2 is arranged at the bottom of the test machine body 3, the steering gear 2 is driven by a speed regulating motor 1, a main shaft box 20 is arranged at the upper part of the test machine body 3, and a rotating disc 26, a grinding wheel, a fixed disc 23 and a friction block to be detected are arranged on the main shaft box 20.
As in the embodiment shown in fig. 2-4, the rotary disk 26 is detachably disposed, and is rotatably disposed in the spindle box 20 through the bearing 25, the spindle 18 is driven by the diverter 2 and passes through the rotary disk 26 to drive the rotary disk 26 to rotate, and the rotary disk 26 is further provided with a detachable vibrator 10 and a heater 11. The grinding wheel is detachably arranged through the inside of the bearing 25. The fixed disk 23 is fixed to the top end of the headstock 20. The friction block is arranged on the rotating disk 26 or the fixed disk 23, and the detachable testing device 22 is arranged on the friction block. In the first embodiment, the friction block is provided on the fixed disk 23.
The speed-adjusting motor 1 drives the steering gear 2 to rotate, the steering gear 2 drives the main shaft 18 through belt transmission, thereby driving the rotating disk 26, enabling the rotating disk 26 to rotate under the constraint of the bearing 25, enabling the rotating disk to move relatively to the friction block, generating friction, and further conducting friction force test through the testing device 22.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 5, the testing device 22 includes a first vertical load cell 220 and a second horizontal load cell 240, the first load cell 220 is disposed in a door-shaped fixture 221, an adjusting bolt 223 is disposed at the top of the fixture 221, the adjusting bolt 223 passes through the fixture 221 downwards and abuts against the first load cell 220, and an elastic sleeve 222 is disposed at the lower part of the first load cell 220; the second force sensor 240 is fixedly disposed in a clamping slot of the sensor bracket 243. The first and second load cells 220 and 240 are used to detect pressures in both horizontal and vertical directions, respectively, so as to detect frictional force. The elastic sleeve 222 can effectively ensure continuous detection and continuous friction contact, and the adjusting bolt 22 can be adjusted in real time according to the requirement so as to meet the detection requirement.
As shown in fig. 6, the friction block is fixed on the horizontal pressing block 241, the horizontal pressing block 241 is slidably arranged in the square cylindrical upper pressing block 242, the upper pressing block 242 is arranged below the elastic sleeve 222, one side of the horizontal pressing block 241 is provided with a second sensor, the other side of the horizontal pressing block 241 is provided with a clamping block for limiting the position of the horizontal pressing block 241, and the clamping block comprises a first clamping block 245 and a second clamping block 246 which are embedded inside and outside. The upper press block 242 may slightly jump up and down with the friction block and transfer the force to the first load cell 220, and the horizontal press block 240 transfers the horizontal force to the second load cell 240.
In the use process, the adjusting bolt 223 is rotated, so that the first force transducer 220 receives pressure and is transmitted to the upper pressing block 242 and the horizontal pressing block 241 through the elastic sleeve 222, and finally the pressure is acted on the friction block, and the adjustment of the positive pressure of the friction pair is completed.
In the second embodiment shown in fig. 7, a torque meter 32 is provided at the upper part of the fixed disk 23, a top plate 4 is provided at the top of the tester body 3, and the torque meter 32 is elastically coupled to the top plate 4. The torque meter 32 can keep the stationary plate 23 smooth in case of friction. In the second embodiment, the friction block is provided on the rotating disk 26.
As shown in fig. 2 and 4, a torque tachometer 7 and an elastic coupling 8 are sequentially arranged between the steering gear 2 and the main shaft 18, a bearing seat 16 is arranged at the bottom of the main shaft 18, an upper thrust bearing 9 and a lower thrust bearing 9 are arranged in the bearing seat 16, the main shaft 18 is arranged in a main shaft box 20 through a main shaft bearing 19, and an adjusting screw sleeve 17 is arranged between the main shaft bearing 19 and the adjacent thrust bearing. The torque tachometer 7 and the elastic coupling 8 ensure smooth transmission of the rotational speed and reduce vibration and noise. The arrangement of the adjusting nut 17 and the thrust bearing 9 also ensures that the spindle 18 remains axially fixed with respect to the other components.
The vibrator 10 adopts a vibration exciter, the heater 11 adopts a heating resistance wire or a thermocouple, and the lower part of the main shaft 18 is provided with a conductive slip ring 27. The conductive slip ring 27 is simple in structure and convenient to install.
In the third embodiment shown in fig. 8, a third load cell 31 is provided on the fixed disk 23 and is fixed by a positioning block 311, and the third load cell 31 is in contact with the rotating disk 26. In the third embodiment, this structure sets the third load cell 31 on the fixed disk 23, not directly detecting the friction block, the fixed disk 23 is set below, the rotating disk is set above, and the friction block is set on the rotating disk above.
As shown in fig. 1 to 3, the tester body 3 is provided with a support plate 5, and the spindle box 20 is provided on the support plate 5. The structure of the support plate 5 provides support for the installation of the headstock 20, effectively ensuring the balance of the center of gravity.
A main shaft box gasket 21 is arranged between the main shaft 18 and the support plate 5, and the main shaft box gasket 21 enables the structure of the adjacent parts of the main shaft 18 to be more compact, so that the tightness and the stability are improved.
In order to ensure that the friction surface of the friction block is well contacted with the rotary disk 26, before the test, the rotary disk 26 is removed from the bearing 25 of the original equipment, and the high-precision grinding wheel 10 is arranged in the bearing 25, so that a high-precision grinding wheel machine is manufactured; adjusting the fixing device of the friction block to enable the friction block to be in stable contact with the grinding wheel 10, starting the speed regulating motor 1, and grinding the friction block, so that the friction surface of the friction block is fully in contact with the grinding wheel 10; the grinding wheel 10 is further removed and then three test modes can be performed:
1. as shown in fig. 2, the rotating disk 26 was mounted in the bearing 25, and a normal frictional wear test and test were performed.
2. When preparing to evaluate the frictional wear of the material under vibrating conditions, this can be accomplished using the structural form shown in fig. 7. The vibrator 10 adopts a vibration exciter, and the heater 11 adopts a heating thermocouple; the friction block and the testing device 22 thereof are arranged on the rotary disk 26, the positive pressure of the friction pair is adjusted, the rotary disk 26 drives the friction block to rotate together when rotating, the friction block and the fixed disk 23 form a sliding friction pair, meanwhile, a vibration exciter and a thermocouple are started, and lubricating oil (led in through an oil pipe) is matched, so that a friction and wear test under the influence of vibration and temperature conditions is completed; the fixed disk 23 is connected with the torque meter 32, the other end of the torque meter 32 is connected with the top plate 4, so that friction pair motion is obtained to generate torque, and further friction force can be obtained.
3. By adopting the structure in the form of fig. 8 as the rotating disc 26, the scheme can eliminate 27 the conductive slip ring, specifically, the fixed disc 30 is installed under the rotating disc 26, when the rotating disc 26 rotates, the friction block is driven to rotate and generate sliding friction with the fixed rotating disc 26, and the torsion force test of the fixed disc is completed through the third force sensor 31, so that the friction force test is further obtained.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the rotating disc of the friction pair is arranged in the high-precision bearing, so that the radial constraint and fixation of the rotating disc are ensured, and the limiting constraint is carried out on the axial freedom degree, so that the rotating disc can only rotate around the axial direction;
2. the friction force test mode adopts two schemes, one adopts a force measuring sensor direct test scheme, and the measurement is more accurate, as shown in the first embodiment and the third embodiment shown in fig. 2 and 8; the other is to adopt a scheme of testing the friction pair torque and then obtaining the friction force, so that the influence of vibration and heat on the test is avoided, and the second embodiment shown in fig. 7 is adopted;
3. the vibrator is applied to the test equipment as a vibration excitation device, so that the friction and wear test work of the friction pair can be completed under the influence of vibration;
4. in order to overcome the mounting error, the friction pair contact is ensured to be surface contact, and point contact or line contact is avoided in the design concept; the high-precision grinding wheel can be arranged on the friction tester, so that the friction pair can realize surface contact in a short time after operation.
The novel friction pair is adopted, namely, the rotating disc is arranged in the bearing, the rotating disc and the fixed disc have higher coaxial precision, the coaxiality of the rotating disc and the fixed disc is better ensured in terms of design and processing technology, the radial constraint and fixation of the rotating disc are ensured, the constraint is carried out in the axial degree of freedom, the rotation around the axial direction can be stably carried out, and the conditions of poor contact between the shaft end suspension and the rotating swinging head of the rotating disc and the friction block and the friction disc (the fixed disc or the rotating disc) and unstable work of the friction pair are avoided.
The present invention is not limited to the above-described preferred embodiments, and any person who can learn the structural changes made in the light of the present invention can be within the scope of the present invention if the present invention has the same or similar technical solutions.
Claims (6)
1. The utility model provides a vertical multi-functional friction and wear test machine, includes the test machine body, the bottom of test machine body is equipped with the steering gear, the steering gear is driven by speed governing motor, its characterized in that, the upper portion of test machine body is equipped with the headstock, be equipped with on the headstock:
the rotary disc is detachably arranged, is rotationally arranged in the spindle box through a bearing, and is driven by the steering gear and penetrates through the rotary disc to drive the rotary disc to rotate, and a detachable vibrator and a heater are further arranged on the rotary disc;
the grinding wheel is detachably arranged in the bearing;
the fixed disc is fixed at the top end of the main shaft box;
the friction block is arranged on the rotating disc or the fixed disc, and a detachable testing device is arranged on the friction block;
the testing device comprises a first vertical force transducer and a second horizontal force transducer, wherein the first force transducer is arranged in a clamp shaped like a Chinese character 'men', an adjusting bolt is arranged at the top of the clamp, the adjusting bolt downwards passes through the clamp and is propped against the first force transducer, and an elastic sleeve is arranged at the lower part of the first force transducer; the second force transducer is fixedly arranged in the clamping groove of the transducer bracket;
the friction block is fixed on a horizontal pressing block, the horizontal pressing block is arranged in a square cylindrical upper pressing block in a sliding manner, the upper pressing block is arranged below the elastic sleeve, one side of the horizontal pressing block is provided with the second force transducer, the other side of the horizontal pressing block is provided with a clamping block for limiting the position of the horizontal pressing block, and the clamping block comprises a first clamping block and a second clamping block which are embedded inside and outside;
the upper portion of fixed disk is equipped with the torque appearance, the top of testing machine body is equipped with the roof, the torque appearance with roof elastic connection.
2. The vertical multifunctional friction and wear test machine according to claim 1, wherein a torque tachometer and an elastic coupling are sequentially arranged between the steering gear and the main shaft, a bearing seat is arranged at the bottom of the main shaft, an upper thrust bearing and a lower thrust bearing are arranged in the bearing seat, the main shaft is arranged in the main shaft box through a main shaft bearing, and an adjusting screw sleeve is arranged between the main shaft bearing and the adjacent thrust bearing.
3. The vertical multifunctional frictional wear test machine according to claim 1, wherein the vibrator adopts a vibration exciter, the heater adopts a heating resistance wire or a thermocouple, and the lower part of the main shaft is provided with a conductive slip ring.
4. The vertical multifunctional frictional wear test machine according to claim 1, wherein a third force sensor is arranged on the fixed disc and is fixed through a limiting block, and the third force sensor is in contact with the rotating disc.
5. The vertical multifunctional frictional wear test machine according to claim 1, wherein a support plate is arranged on the test machine body, and the spindle box is arranged on the support plate.
6. The vertical multifunctional frictional wear test device according to claim 5, wherein a spindle box gasket is provided between the spindle and the support plate.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201810608983.5A CN108507895B (en) | 2018-06-13 | 2018-06-13 | Vertical multifunctional friction and wear test machine |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810608983.5A CN108507895B (en) | 2018-06-13 | 2018-06-13 | Vertical multifunctional friction and wear test machine |
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| CN108507895A CN108507895A (en) | 2018-09-07 |
| CN108507895B true CN108507895B (en) | 2024-03-19 |
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| CN109975151B (en) * | 2019-03-13 | 2021-08-24 | 三峡大学 | Vertical current-carrying friction and wear test bench for turbine brushes and collector rings |
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| CN111896870A (en) * | 2020-08-26 | 2020-11-06 | 上海微电机研究所(中国电子科技集团公司第二十一研究所) | A system and method for testing motor load operating characteristics |
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