CN108496719A - A kind of wheat gently simplifies implantation methods - Google Patents
A kind of wheat gently simplifies implantation methods Download PDFInfo
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- CN108496719A CN108496719A CN201810378706.XA CN201810378706A CN108496719A CN 108496719 A CN108496719 A CN 108496719A CN 201810378706 A CN201810378706 A CN 201810378706A CN 108496719 A CN108496719 A CN 108496719A
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- 241000209140 Triticum Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 85
- 235000021307 Triticum Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 85
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 238000002513 implantation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000003971 tillage Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 230000013278 single fertilization Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 43
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[K+] WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000618 nitrogen fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 claims description 9
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000013011 mating Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004495 emulsifiable concentrate Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229940072033 potash Drugs 0.000 claims description 6
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Substances [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000015320 potassium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000001103 potassium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000011164 potassium chloride Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000005660 Abamectin Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 240000001592 Amaranthus caudatus Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000009328 Amaranthus caudatus Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 241001530056 Athelia rolfsii Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000007320 Avena fatua Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 241000209764 Avena fatua Species 0.000 claims description 4
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- 235000011305 Capsella bursa pastoris Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
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- 235000009344 Chenopodium album Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 244000264242 Descurainia sophia Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000017680 Descurainia sophia Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000005529 Florasulam Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- QZXATCCPQKOEIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Florasulam Chemical compound N=1N2C(OC)=NC=C(F)C2=NC=1S(=O)(=O)NC1=C(F)C=CC=C1F QZXATCCPQKOEIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
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- 239000005822 Propiconazole Substances 0.000 claims description 4
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- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
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- 235000021049 nutrient content Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- ATROHALUCMTWTB-OWBHPGMISA-N phoxim Chemical compound CCOP(=S)(OCC)O\N=C(\C#N)C1=CC=CC=C1 ATROHALUCMTWTB-OWBHPGMISA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229950001664 phoxim Drugs 0.000 claims description 4
- STJLVHWMYQXCPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N propiconazole Chemical compound O1C(CCC)COC1(C=1C(=CC(Cl)=CC=1)Cl)CN1N=CN=C1 STJLVHWMYQXCPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000375 suspending agent Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- -1 dimethyl tetrachloride sodium Chemical compound 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002686 phosphate fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- PXMNMQRDXWABCY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,4-dimethyl-3-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl)pentan-3-ol Chemical compound C1=NC=NN1CC(O)(C(C)(C)C)CCC1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 PXMNMQRDXWABCY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 241001522110 Aegilops tauschii Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000005760 Difenoconazole Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000005781 Fludioxonil Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000005663 Pyridaben Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000005864 Sulphur Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000005839 Tebuconazole Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000016383 Zea mays subsp huehuetenangensis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- LFVGISIMTYGQHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium dihydrogen phosphate Chemical group [NH4+].OP(O)([O-])=O LFVGISIMTYGQHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000387 ammonium dihydrogen phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- OMFRMAHOUUJSGP-IRHGGOMRSA-N bifenthrin Chemical compound C1=CC=C(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C(C)=C1COC(=O)[C@@H]1[C@H](\C=C(/Cl)C(F)(F)F)C1(C)C OMFRMAHOUUJSGP-IRHGGOMRSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium bis(dihydrogenphosphate) Chemical compound [Ca+2].OP(O)([O-])=O.OP(O)([O-])=O YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000389 calcium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- KMQAPZBMEMMKSS-UHFFFAOYSA-K calcium;magnesium;phosphate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O KMQAPZBMEMMKSS-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- JBDHZKLJNAIJNC-LLVKDONJSA-N clodinafop-propargyl Chemical group C1=CC(O[C@H](C)C(=O)OCC#C)=CC=C1OC1=NC=C(Cl)C=C1F JBDHZKLJNAIJNC-LLVKDONJSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- BQYJATMQXGBDHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N difenoconazole Chemical compound O1C(C)COC1(C=1C(=CC(OC=2C=CC(Cl)=CC=2)=CC=1)Cl)CN1N=CN=C1 BQYJATMQXGBDHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- MUJOIMFVNIBMKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N fludioxonil Chemical compound C=12OC(F)(F)OC2=CC=CC=1C1=CNC=C1C#N MUJOIMFVNIBMKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000009973 maize Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004530 micro-emulsion Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000006012 monoammonium phosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019837 monoammonium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019691 monocalcium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N olefin Natural products CCCCCCCC=C JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium sulfate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052939 potassium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000011151 potassium sulphates Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- DWFZBUWUXWZWKD-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridaben Chemical compound C1=CC(C(C)(C)C)=CC=C1CSC1=C(Cl)C(=O)N(C(C)(C)C)N=C1 DWFZBUWUXWZWKD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004563 wettable powder Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 3
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 claims 1
- SEGLCEQVOFDUPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N di-(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)COP(O)(=O)OCC(CC)CCCC SEGLCEQVOFDUPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N ether Substances CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
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- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 6
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- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000009313 farming Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
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- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 description 3
- MAYMYMXYWIVVOK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[(4,6-dimethoxypyrimidin-2-yl)carbamoylsulfamoyl]-4-(methanesulfonamidomethyl)benzoic acid Chemical compound COC1=CC(OC)=NC(NC(=O)NS(=O)(=O)C=2C(=CC=C(CNS(C)(=O)=O)C=2)C(O)=O)=N1 MAYMYMXYWIVVOK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000005696 Diammonium phosphate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000005577 Mesosulfuron Substances 0.000 description 2
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- PNNCWTXUWKENPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N [N].NC(N)=O Chemical compound [N].NC(N)=O PNNCWTXUWKENPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 238000013270 controlled release Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N diammonium hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].OP([O-])([O-])=O MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 230000035558 fertility Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000003898 horticulture Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
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- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/007—Determining fertilization requirements
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of wheats gently to simplify implantation methods, it is comprehensive to use crop material mechanical crushing clayed aluminium alloy of upper season, mechanical rotary tillage soil-working, mechanical seed manure synchronize the technologies such as single fertilization, Rational Irrigation, mechanical harvest, wheat straw farmland returning and in due course careless prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control, realize that wheat gently simplifies plantation, the present invention makes full use of machinery, the problems such as wheat farm work is heavy, recruitment is difficult is efficiently solved, achievees the effect that technology is simplified, green increases income, resource high-efficiency, dart transfer.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to planting technology field more particularly to a kind of wheats gently to simplify implantation methods.
Background technology
Wheat long-term sown area in China's is 12,300,000 hectares, and wheat is the cereal crops that breeding time is long and needs fertilizer more,
Wheat needs a large amount of nitrogens, the fine farming of traditional wheat to spread fertilizer over the fields urea frequently with after rain or after irrigating in the jointing stage to blooming stage
Mode top dressing, limited by weather and irrigation conditions, timely top dressing is affected.The fertilizing type spread fertilizer over the fields, leads to fertilizer
It is lost by approach such as ammonia volatilization, nitrate cumulants, reduces utilization rate of fertilizer.Meanwhile top dressing needs additional recruitment, and with
The development of urbanization, the peasant for being engaged in wheat planting are mostly the old man over 60 years old, lack suitable labour, limit wheat
Carry out the fine farming for applying fertilizer etc. traditional behaviour.In recent years, peasant mostly uses the fertilization mode of " one bombards ", and a large amount of fertilizer are disposable
Applying influences wheat emergence, causes to burn root, the fertilizer that Wheat Seedling can not absorb is wasted, and causes environmental risk, finally
Reduce wheat yield.Therefore, an urgent demand realizes that the light of wheat simplifies plantation.
Slowly/controlled releasing fertilizer may provide approach for the solution of this problem.Because slowly/controlled releasing fertilizer has nutrients release
It is synchronous with crop demand, have the advantages that volatilization, leaching, fix less and mitigate environmental pollution.For a long time, with slow/controlled release
The price of fertilizer is relatively high, is applied to the higher golf lawn of economic value, horticulture and flower etc. more, is answered on crops
With less.But the improvement of slow/controlled release fertilizer material manufacturing technique, resin coated fertilizers production cost decline.Currently, applied to farming
The commercially available price of slowly/controlled releasing fertilizer is higher 0-20% than common fertilizer.Meanwhile the release characteristics of slowly/controlled releasing fertilizer, can generally it subtract
Fertile 5%-20%.Therefore, because the fertilizer cost of slowly/controlled releasing fertilizer is excessively high, the problem of application being limited on wheat, does not deposit
.
It is promoted and is planned according to National Agricultural Mechanization Technique, receiving comprehensive mechanical rate to the cultivation of the year two thousand twenty whole nation wheat reaches
And stablize 80% or more.Slowly/controlled releasing fertilizer is combined with modern agricultural machinery, is helped to promote wheat comprehensive mechanization level, be realized
The green of wheat is light to simplify plantation.
Invention content
The present invention is difficult for top dressing during Wheat Production, dose is big, loss amount is high, recruitment is expensive, mechanization degree has
It waits improving, the problem of technology does not match, a kind of wheat is provided and gently simplifies implantation methods, fully by agricultural machinery, agronomy, agricultural fertilizer, agrotechnical
It organically combines, greatly reduces labor intensity, improves efficiency, reduce labour cost, before Ensuring Food Safety
Promotion increasing peasant income are put, realize that wheat green increases production and improves productivity.
The present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions：
A kind of wheat gently simplifies implantation methods, includes the following steps：
(1) crop material of upper season mechanical crushing clayed aluminium alloy：After corn or rice harves, large and middle tractor straw-returning
Corn or rice straw are crushed to 0.5-3cm uniform folds in field surface by pulverizer, are covered 7-15 days；
(2) mechanical rotary tillage soil-working：Large and middle tractor is mating to be buried careless rotary cultivator vertical and horizontal both sides operation is taken once to complete to bury
Grass and site preparation, straw-returning buried depth are 5-10cm, and rotary tillage soil-working depth is 10-20cm, rotary tillage soil-working 2-3 times；
(3) mechanical seed manure synchronizes single fertilization：The mating seed manure for weat synchronous machine of large and middle tractor once completes wheat
The link of sowing, fertilising, suppression, wheat seeds are coating or are selected in advance by 6% Tebuconazole, 12.5% olefin conversion wettable powder
Seed after agent, 3% difenoconazole, the seed dressing of 2.5% fludioxonil, Basic Seedling are ten thousand/mus of 25-30, and sowing wide row space is
18-25cm, small line-spacing are 2-6cm, and depth of planting 3-6cm, fertilizer placement is at the lateral 3-5cm of seed, depth 3-6cm；
(4) Rational Irrigation：According to weather and soil moisture content, winter wheat fills jointing water during 15-25 in April in the coming year days primary, irrigates
30m3/ mu, or do not irrigate；
(5) mechanical harvest and wheat straw farmland returning：It after wheat complete ripeness, is harvested using combined wheat harvester, while utilizing harvesting
The straw chopping apparatus that machine carries shreds straw to 0.5-3cm long, and uniformly sheds to field face；
(6) the real-time careless prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control：During 2 month winter wheat coming year, 20 days-March 10, fair weather selects methyl two
Grassy weeds, the selections such as sulphur is grand, clodinafop-propargyl, 6.9% galloping horse medicament cauline leaf spraying Control Wild oat, amur foxtail, Triticum tauschii make
Its grand, dimethyl tetrachloride sodium, florasulam prevent and kill off the broadleaf weeds such as Descurainia sophia, shepherd's purse, lamb's-quarters, Veronica, select 5% Avermectin
Plain suspending agent, 4% Biphenthrin microemulsion, 15% pyridaben wind spraying prevention red spider, select propiconazole emulsifiable concentrate, phenyl ether methyl cyclic
Azoles etc. prevents banded sclerotial blight and root rot, and 8% Le Siben missible oil, 50% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate is selected to prevent subterranean pest-insect.
It is 8-10cm, rotary tillage depth 20cm that careless rotary cultivator debugging stalk depth is buried before the maize straw.
The wheat cultivation amount is 12.5-15kg/ mus.
It is 5cm, wide row space 20cm, small line-spacing 4cm that seed manure planter wheat seed depth is debugged before the wheat cultivation.
The seed manure for weat synchronous machine, which applies fertilizer, expects to be nitrogen, phosphorus, potash fertilizer according to wheat nutrient demand feature by not year-on-year
The composite fertilizer of example blending, nutrient content is respectively with N, P2O5、K2O is counted, N, P2O5、K2O quality parts ratios are (18-30)：(6-
13)：(7-15), and N+P2O5+K2O >=45%, dose are 40-60kg/ mus.
The resin coated urea that the nitrogenous fertilizer is the common urea blended by different proportion, acquisition time is 80-120 days, phosphorus
Fertilizer is, selected from one or more of monoammonium phosphate, Diammonium phosphate (DAP), calcium superphosphate, double superhosphate and calcium magnesium phosphate, potash fertilizer is
One or both of potassium chloride and potassium sulfate.
The resin coated urea nutrient content ratio that the common urea and acquisition time are 80-120 days is (3-6)： (4-7).
It is an advantage of the invention that：
Difficult, recruitment hardly possible that the present invention be directed to top dressings during wheat precision farming, dose is big, waste is serious, environment danger
The problems such as evil is heavy, comprehensive benefit is low rationally determines fertilising according to wheat nutrient demand feature and Wheat Growing Soils nutrient supply feature
Nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium ratio using common urea and resin coated urea mixture, realize according to wheat stage nitrogen demand characteristic
Wheat nitrogen demand is synchronous with supply, is fully combined with modern agricultural machinery, the implantation methods of Synthetical Optimization wheat.
(1) common urea and resin coated urea mixture form the release of nitrogen two level to meet rice entire breeding time pair
The demand of nitrogen, intermediate not Nitrogen Top Dressing solve wheat top dressing to be effective to ensure that the Nitrogen supplying of small Later growth
Difficult, the problems such as waste is more, environmental hazard；
(2) mechanical seed manure synchronizes, and fertilizer imposes on seed side-lower, avoids fertilizer from directly being contacted with seed and causes to burn root, together
When, be conducive to seed and take root downwards, wheat growth-promoting solves the problems, such as fertilizing method and fertilizer placement.
(3) situation is supplied according to nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium nutrition in wheat planting regional soil, wheat is to nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium nutrition demand
Nitrogen, phosphorus, the potassium nutrition determined with a large amount of field test results matches, and nutrient balance application improves the utilization rate of fertilizer, solves
The problems such as dose, fertilizer type, nutrient formula.
Specific implementation mode
It elaborates below to the embodiment of the present invention, the present embodiment is carried out lower based on the technical solution of the present invention
Implement, gives detailed embodiment and specific operating process, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited to following implementation
Example.
Embodiment 1
Wheat has been carried out in the Anhui Province Suixi County towns Gu Rao in October, 2011 in June, 2012 gently simplify planting experiment.It grinds
Study carefully region and belongs to subhumid zone monsoon climate, annual sunshine 2293.7h, 14.5 DEG C of average temperature of the whole year, average annual rainfall
852.4mm。
After on October 3rd, 2011 harvest corn, corn stalk powder is broken to 0.5- by medium-sized tractor crushing stalks
3cm uniform folds cover 12 days in field surface.
On October 15th, 2011, medium-sized tractor is mating bury careless rotary cultivator take vertical and horizontal both sides operation once complete to bury grass and
Site preparation, straw-returning buried depth are 10cm, and rotary tillage soil-working depth is 20cm, rotary tillage soil-working 2 times.
After site preparation, the mating seed manure for weat synchronous machine of medium-sized tractor once completes wheat cultivation, fertilising, suppression link, wheat
Kind is coating tobacco grower 19, and 15kg/ mus of application rate, Basic Seedling is ten thousand/mus of 15-20, and sowing wide row space is 20cm, and small line-spacing is 4cm,
Depth of planting is 5cm, and fertilizer placement is at the lateral 4m of seed, depth 5cm.
Wheat gently simplifies 8.7kg/ mus of plantation processing common urea (N content 46%), 100 days resin coated urea (N contents
44%) 18.1kg/ mus, common urea and resin coated urea nitrogen ratio are 1:2, double superhosphate (P2O5Content 46%)
10.9kg/ mus, potassium chloride (K2O content 60%) 6.7kg/ mus, add up to 44.4kg/ mus of total fertilization amount, N：P2O5：K2O is formulated
26：11：9, single fertilization.Nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer are uniformly spread fertilizer over the fields in field face, urea 14.5kg/ before tradition plantation processing rotary tillage
Mu, 10.9kg/ mus of double superhosphate, 6.7kg/ mus of potassium chloride chase after 21.7kg/ mus of urea on April 20th, 2012, add up to fertilising
50.2kg。
On March 2nd, 2012, fair weather select mesosulfuron medicament cauline leaf spraying Control Wild oat, amur foxtail, section
The grassy weeds such as wheat are saved, florasulam etc. is selected to prevent and kill off the broadleaf weeds such as Descurainia sophia, shepherd's purse, lamb's-quarters, Veronica, are selected
5% avermectin suspending agent prevents red spider, selects propiconazole emulsifiable concentrate prevention banded sclerotial blight and root rot, selects 50% phoxim breast
Oil prevention subterranean pest-insect.
It is primary to fill jointing water in April 19 in 2012, irrigates 30m3/ mu.
On June 9th, 2012, after wheat complete ripeness, the straw that harvest using combined wheat harvester, while being carried using harvester
Stalk shredding mechanism shreds straw to 0.5-3cm long, and uniformly sheds to field face.
As shown in Table 1, wheat gently simplifies plantation processing compared with traditional plantation is handled, and volume variance is little, but reduces 1 time
Top dressing reduces 10kg/ mus of amount of urea, increases 24.8 percentage points of utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer, nitrogenous fertilizer the Agronomic Use Efficiency improves
1.6kg/kg realizes abridged edition, saving of labor, synergy, light letter plantation.
1 wheat of table gently simplifies plantation yield and nitrogen fertilizer use situation
Embodiment 2
Wheat has been carried out in Xuancheng City of Anhui Province Wenchang town in October, 2013 in May, 2014 gently simplify planting experiment.It grinds
To study carefully region and belongs to subtropical zone moistening monsoon climate, soil is yellowish soil, and topsoil soils belong to loamy soil, has residual clayification, from
Right fertility is higher, annual sunshine 1784.1h, 16.1 DEG C of average temperature of the whole year, average annual rainfall 1317.5mm.
After rice harves on October 5 in 2014, corn stalk powder is broken to 0.5- by medium-sized tractor crushing stalks
3cm uniform folds cover 13 days in field surface.
On October 18th, 2014, medium-sized tractor is mating bury careless rotary cultivator take vertical and horizontal both sides operation once complete to bury grass and
Site preparation, straw-returning buried depth are 10cm, and rotary tillage soil-working depth is 20cm, rotary tillage soil-working 2 times.
After site preparation, the mating seed manure for weat synchronous machine of medium-sized tractor once completes wheat cultivation, fertilising, suppression link, wheat
Kind is coating tobacco grower 19, and 15kg/ mus of application rate, Basic Seedling is ten thousand/mus of 15-20, and sowing wide row space is 20cm, and small line-spacing is 4cm,
Depth of planting is 5cm, and fertilizer placement is at the lateral 4m of seed, depth 5cm.
Wheat gently simplifies 13.0kg/ mus of plantation processing common urea (N content 46%), and (N contains 100 days resin coated ureas
44%) 13.6kg/ mus of amount, common urea and resin coated urea nitrogen ratio are 1:1, double superhosphate (P2O5Content 46%)
10.9kg/ mus, potassium chloride (K2O content 60%) 6.7kg/ mus, add up to 44.4kg/ mus of total fertilization amount, N：P2O5：K2O is formulated
26：11：9, single fertilization.Nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer are uniformly spread fertilizer over the fields in field face, urea 14.5kg/ before tradition plantation processing rotary tillage
Mu, 10.9kg/ mus of double superhosphate, 6.7kg/ mus of potassium chloride chase after 21.7kg/ mus of urea on April 10th, 2014, add up to fertilising
50.2kg。
On 2 21st, 2014, fair weather selected mesosulfuron medicament cauline leaf spraying Control Wild oat, amur foxtail, section
The grassy weeds such as wheat are saved, florasulam etc. is selected to prevent and kill off the broadleaf weeds such as Descurainia sophia, shepherd's purse, lamb's-quarters, Veronica, are selected
5% avermectin suspending agent prevents red spider, selects propiconazole emulsifiable concentrate prevention banded sclerotial blight and root rot, selects 50% phoxim breast
Oil prevention subterranean pest-insect.
It after wheat complete ripeness, is harvested using combined wheat harvester on May 29th, 2014, while being carried using harvester
Straw chopping apparatus shreds straw to 0.5-3cm long, and uniformly sheds to field face.
As shown in Table 2, wheat gently simplifies plantation processing compared with traditional plantation is handled, and volume variance is little, but reduces 1 time
Top dressing reduces 9.6kg/ mus of amount of urea, increases 19.5 percentage points of utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer, nitrogenous fertilizer the Agronomic Use Efficiency improves
2.0kg/kg realizes abridged edition, saving of labor, synergy, light letter plantation.
1 wheat of table gently simplifies plantation yield and nitrogen fertilizer use situation
In the present invention, wheat gently simplify implantation methods by agricultural machinery, agronomy, agricultural fertilizer, it is agrotechnical organically combined, improve
Wheat Production comprehensive mechanization is horizontal, promotes small green high-efficient sustainable development, can the extensive use in wheat planting.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of wheat gently simplifies implantation methods, which is characterized in that include the following steps：
（1）Upper season crop material mechanical crushing clayed aluminium alloy：After corn or rice harves, large and middle tractor straw-returning crushes
Corn or rice straw are crushed to 0.5-3cm uniform folds in field surface by machine, are covered 7-15 days；
（2）Mechanical rotary tillage soil-working：Large and middle tractor is mating bury careless rotary cultivator take vertical and horizontal both sides operation once complete to bury grass and
Site preparation, straw-returning buried depth are 5-10cm, and rotary tillage soil-working depth is 10-20cm, rotary tillage soil-working 2-3 times；
（3）Mechanical seed manure synchronizes single fertilization：The mating seed manure for weat synchronous machine of large and middle tractor once complete wheat cultivation,
Fertilising, suppression link, wheat seeds be coating or in advance select pass through 6% Tebuconazole, 12.5% olefin conversion wettable powder, 3% benzene
Seed after ether methyl cyclic-azole, the seed dressing of 2.5% fludioxonil, Basic Seedling are ten thousand/mus of 25-30, and sowing wide row space is 18-25cm, small line-spacing
For 2-6cm, depth of planting 3-6cm, fertilizer placement is at the lateral 3-5cm of seed, depth 3-6cm；
（4）Rational Irrigation：According to weather and soil moisture content, winter wheat fills jointing water during 15-25 in April in the coming year days primary, irrigates 30m3/
Mu, or do not irrigate；
（5）Mechanical harvest and wheat straw farmland returning：It after wheat complete ripeness, is harvested using combined wheat harvester, while utilizing harvester band
Some straw chopping apparatus shred straw to 0.5-3cm long, and uniformly shed to field face；
（6）The grass prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control in real time：During 2 month winter wheat coming year, 20 days-March 10, fair weather selects two sulphur of methyl
Grassy weeds, the selections such as grand, clodinafop-propargyl, 6.9% galloping horse medicament cauline leaf spraying Control Wild oat, amur foxtail, Triticum tauschii make it
Grand, dimethyl tetrachloride sodium, florasulam prevent and kill off the broadleaf weeds such as Descurainia sophia, shepherd's purse, lamb's-quarters, Veronica, select 5% avermectin
Suspending agent, 4% Biphenthrin microemulsion, 15% pyridaben wind spraying prevention red spider, select propiconazole emulsifiable concentrate, difenoconazole etc.
Banded sclerotial blight and root rot are prevented, 8% Le Siben missible oil, 50% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate is selected to prevent subterranean pest-insect.
2. a kind of wheat according to claim 1 gently simplifies implantation methods, which is characterized in that the maize straw
Before to bury careless rotary cultivator debugging stalk depth be 8-10cm, rotary tillage depth 20cm.
3. a kind of wheat according to claim 1 gently simplifies implantation methods, which is characterized in that the wheat cultivation amount is
12.5-15kg/ mus.
4. a kind of wheat according to claim 1 gently simplifies implantation methods, which is characterized in that debugged before the wheat cultivation
Seed manure planter wheat seed depth is 5cm, wide row space 20cm, small line-spacing 4cm.
5. a kind of wheat according to claim 1 gently simplifies implantation methods, which is characterized in that the seed manure for weat synchronous machine
Material apply fertilizer as the composite fertilizer blended by different proportion according to the nitrogen, phosphorus, potash fertilizer of wheat nutrient demand feature, nutrient content point
Not with N, P2O5、K2O is counted, N, P2O5、K2O quality parts ratios are（18-30）：（6-13）：（7-15）, and N+P2O5+K2O >=45%,
Dose is 40-60kg/ mus.
6. a kind of wheat gently simplifies implantation methods according to claim 1 or 5, which is characterized in that the nitrogenous fertilizer is by not
The common urea that blends in proportion, the resin coated urea that acquisition time is 80-120 days, phosphate fertilizer is selected from monoammonium phosphate, di(2-ethylhexyl)phosphate
One or more of ammonium, calcium superphosphate, double superhosphate and calcium magnesium phosphate, potash fertilizer be potassium chloride and potassium sulfate in one kind or
Two kinds.
7. according to claim 1 or 5 a kind of wheat gently simplify implantation methods, which is characterized in that the common urea and
The resin coated urea nutrient content ratio that acquisition time is 80-120 days is（3-6）：（4-7）.
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| CN112753303A (en) * | 2020-12-31 | 2021-05-07 | 安徽省农业科学院土壤肥料研究所 | Integrated light and simple wheat planting device and planting method thereof |
| CN114303830A (en) * | 2021-09-29 | 2022-04-12 | 潍坊市农业科学院(山东省农业科学院潍坊市分院) | Wheat yield increasing and disease preventing method |
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