CN108489654A - A kind of spin friction weldering frictional interface part positive pressure force measuring device and measurement method - Google Patents
A kind of spin friction weldering frictional interface part positive pressure force measuring device and measurement method Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L5/00—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes
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- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
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Abstract
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明属于材料加工过程参数测量领域，特别涉及一种界面动态正压力测量方法，特别是一种旋转摩擦焊摩擦界面局部动态正压力测量方法。The invention belongs to the field of parameter measurement of material processing process, and in particular relates to a method for measuring interface dynamic positive pressure, in particular to a method for measuring local dynamic positive pressure of rotational friction welding friction interface.
背景技术Background technique
摩擦焊工艺参数主要有旋转速度和正压力，其中摩擦界面正压力通常以轴向顶锻力在界面上的平均分布来表征。然而，研究表明，这种“平均”处理的正压力，对焊接质量的控制支撑有限。事实表明，界面正压力首先不均匀，其次也不是恒定的。这种正压力及其分布、演变过程是摩擦焊接头成形的一个重要影响因素，关系到研究结果的准确性，和摩擦焊技术的可靠性。然而，高技术产业对摩擦质量和服役可靠性提出了更高的要求。由于摩擦界面正压力直接测量难度大，在以往的研究中，通过设计工装仅仅采集得到整个摩擦界面在焊接过程中正压力变化的统计平均规律；对于正压力在焊接界面上的分布则借用镦粗过程中界面压力的分布规律，这是一个妥协，也对摩擦焊的接头可靠性提出了挑战。Friction welding process parameters mainly include rotation speed and normal pressure, and the normal pressure of friction interface is usually characterized by the average distribution of axial upsetting force on the interface. However, studies have shown that this "average" treatment of positive pressure has limited support for weld quality control. Facts show that the interface positive pressure is firstly not uniform, and secondly not constant. This positive pressure and its distribution and evolution process are an important factor affecting the formation of friction welding joints, which are related to the accuracy of research results and the reliability of friction welding technology. However, the high-tech industry has put forward higher requirements for friction quality and service reliability. Due to the difficulty of directly measuring the positive pressure of the friction interface, in previous studies, only the statistical average law of the change of the positive pressure of the entire friction interface during the welding process was collected by designing the tooling; for the distribution of the positive pressure on the welding interface, the upsetting process was used The distribution law of the interfacial pressure, which is a compromise, also poses a challenge to the joint reliability of friction welding.
文献“Moneim M E A,Serag S M,Nasser A A,et al.Axial force measurementsfor the friction welding of aluminium tubes.Wear,1983,85(3):339-346.”通过改装试样的夹持装置，在试样移动端末端加装了压力传感器的方法得到了摩擦焊过程中试样末端正压力的演变规律，一定程度上可以表征摩擦焊过程中整体正压力的演变。此方法的局限在于没有对焊接过程中摩擦界面的正压力进行直接测量，得到的正压力是摩擦界面压力在实际工况条件下在试样末端的响应。在试样末端用传感器测量得到的正压力可能会受侧壁夹具的影响而有所误差。而且也不能得到界面局部的正压力及正压力的分布结果。Document "Moneim M E A, Serag S M, Nasser A A, et al. Axial force measurements for the friction welding of aluminum tubes. Wear, 1983, 85(3): 339-346." The method of installing a pressure sensor at the end of the mobile end obtained the evolution law of the normal pressure at the end of the sample during the friction welding process, which can characterize the evolution of the overall normal pressure during the friction welding process to a certain extent. The limitation of this method is that there is no direct measurement of the normal pressure of the friction interface during the welding process, and the obtained normal pressure is the response of the friction interface pressure at the end of the sample under actual working conditions. The normal pressure measured by the sensor at the end of the specimen may be biased by sidewall clamps. Moreover, the results of the local normal pressure and the distribution of the normal pressure at the interface cannot be obtained.
专利“田凤杰,安宏伟,李小龙,吕冲.用于搅拌摩擦焊的压力和扭矩在线实时测量装置.辽宁：CN107138848A,2017-09-08.”通过在搅拌摩擦焊刀柄上设置传感器的方式得到搅拌摩擦焊过程中界面整体压力的变化情况，一定程度上可以表征搅拌摩擦焊过程中摩擦界面整体正压力的演变情况。此方法的局限在于没有对摩擦界面的正压力进行直接测量，得到的正压力是焊接界面整体的压力统计结果，而且也不能得到界面局部的正压力及正压力的分布结果。Patent "Tian Fengjie, An Hongwei, Li Xiaolong, Lu Chong. Online real-time measurement device for pressure and torque for friction stir welding. Liaoning: CN107138848A, 2017-09-08." Obtained by setting sensors on the friction stir welding handle The change of the overall pressure of the interface during the friction stir welding process can represent the evolution of the overall normal pressure of the friction interface during the friction stir welding process to a certain extent. The limitation of this method is that the normal pressure of the friction interface is not directly measured, and the obtained normal pressure is the statistical result of the overall pressure of the welding interface, and the local normal pressure and the distribution of the normal pressure of the interface cannot be obtained.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明解决的技术问题是：旋转摩擦焊过程中，摩擦界面局部动态正压力无法直接测量的技术问题。The technical problem solved by the invention is: the technical problem that the local dynamic positive pressure on the friction interface cannot be directly measured during the rotary friction welding process.
本发明的技术方案是：一种旋转摩擦焊摩擦界面局部动态正压力测量装置，包括传感器基座、移动端焊接试样、传力杆、力采样触头和力传感器；所述移动端焊接试样为预制通孔的圆柱体，且通孔轴线与移动端焊接试样轴线平行；力采样触头位于通孔内且力采样触头的触头与传力杆接触；传力杆一端伸入通孔内并与力采样触头接触，另一端与力传感器接触；力传感器位于传感器基座内，通过固定组件将传感器基座与移动端焊接试样固定，使得力传感器、传力杆和力采样触头相互顶住；力采样触头接触外部旋转端焊接试样端面上的某一点后进行摩擦界面正压力的采样，通过传力杆将力传至力传感器，实现力采样触头接触的该点的正压力的采集。The technical solution of the present invention is: a device for measuring the local dynamic positive pressure on the friction interface of rotary friction welding, including a sensor base, a welding sample at the mobile end, a dowel, a force sampling contact and a force sensor; The sample is a cylinder with a prefabricated through hole, and the axis of the through hole is parallel to the axis of the welding sample at the moving end; the force sampling contact is located in the through hole and the contact of the force sampling contact is in contact with the dowel rod; one end of the dowel rod extends into the The through hole is in contact with the force sampling contact, and the other end is in contact with the force sensor; the force sensor is located in the sensor base, and the sensor base and the welding sample at the moving end are fixed by the fixing component, so that the force sensor, dowel and force The sampling contacts bear against each other; after the force sampling contact touches a certain point on the end surface of the welding sample at the external rotating end, the positive pressure of the friction interface is sampled, and the force is transmitted to the force sensor through the dowel rod to realize the contact of the force sampling contact. Acquisition of positive pressure at that point.
本发明的进一步技术方案是：所述力传感器、传力杆和力采样触头借助固定组件及焊接过程中的预顶过程，使得测量时不产生错位。A further technical solution of the present invention is that the force sensor, the dowel rod and the force sampling contact do not displace during measurement by means of the fixing assembly and the pre-jacking process during the welding process.
本发明的进一步技术方案是：所述固定组件为螺钉螺母。A further technical solution of the present invention is: the fixing components are screws and nuts.
本发明的进一步技术方案是：一次测量过程可得到摩擦界面一处正压力随时间的演变；通过在界面不同位置设置采样触头，可完成整个摩擦界面的正压力演变数据的采集。A further technical solution of the present invention is: the time evolution of a positive pressure on a friction interface can be obtained in one measurement process; by setting sampling contacts at different positions on the interface, the collection of positive pressure evolution data of the entire friction interface can be completed.
本发明的进一步技术方案是：所述移动端焊接试样上开有的通孔，孔的直径大小根据传力杆的外径及采样触头的外径进行加工。A further technical solution of the present invention is: the through hole is opened on the moving end welding sample, and the diameter of the hole is processed according to the outer diameter of the dowel rod and the outer diameter of the sampling contact.
本发明的进一步技术方案是：一种旋转摩擦焊摩擦界面局部动态正压力测量装置的测量方法，包括以下步骤：A further technical solution of the present invention is: a method for measuring a device for measuring local dynamic positive pressure on the friction interface of rotational friction welding, comprising the following steps:
步骤一：各部件的组装；将力采集触头与传力杆依次放入移动端焊接试样中开有的通孔中，之后将移动端焊接试样中固定在传感器基座上；传感器固连在传感器基座中，并与传力杆保持紧密接触；传感器同时连接外部数据采集系统；Step 1: Assembly of each component; put the force collection contact and the dowel bar into the through holes opened in the welding sample of the mobile end in sequence, and then fix the welding sample of the mobile end on the sensor base; the sensor is fixed Connected to the base of the sensor and kept in close contact with the dowel bar; the sensor is also connected to an external data acquisition system;
步骤二：在旋转端焊接试样的端面同一点上，在不同焊接转速和焊接压力下的焊接实验与摩擦界面正压力的采集，包括以下子步骤：Step 2: At the same point on the end face of the rotating end welding sample, the welding experiment and the collection of the normal pressure of the friction interface under different welding speeds and welding pressures include the following sub-steps:
子步骤一：将步骤一中固定为一体的移动端焊接试样与传感器放置在焊机的移动端，设定不同焊接压力和不同焊接转速后，将装置和旋转端焊接试样进行旋转焊接，焊接过程中，移动端和旋转端试样先预顶触碰一下，而后分离，继而旋转端试样开始旋转，移动端试样以一定工进速度靠近旋转端，力采集触头5接触旋转端焊接试样；Sub-step 1: Place the mobile end welding sample and the sensor fixed in step 1 on the mobile end of the welding machine. After setting different welding pressures and different welding speeds, the device and the rotating end welding sample are rotated and welded. During the welding process, the sample at the moving end and the rotating end first touch each other, and then separate, and then the rotating end sample starts to rotate, the moving end sample approaches the rotating end at a certain working speed, and the force collection contact 5 touches the rotating end welding samples;
子步骤二：力采集触头5对接触的接触旋转端焊接试样的点采集到力，并通过传力杆传至传感器，通过传感器传至外部数据采集系统，对力进行分析；先在设定的同一转速下，在不同压力下采集界面4个典型位置处的摩擦界面动态正压力数据；继而改变焊接转速，在另一个转速，不同压力下采集界面4个典型位置处的摩擦界面动态正压力数据；Sub-step 2: The force collection contact 5 collects the force at the point of contact with the welding sample at the rotating end, and transmits it to the sensor through the dowel bar, and then transmits it to the external data acquisition system through the sensor to analyze the force; At the same fixed speed, the dynamic positive pressure data of the friction interface at four typical positions of the interface were collected under different pressures; then the welding speed was changed, and the dynamic positive pressure data of the friction interface at four typical positions of the interface were collected at another speed and different pressures. pressure data;
步骤三：需要测得旋转端焊接试样端面其他点的力时，需要在界面不同位置处开通孔，设置采样触头，即可完成整个摩擦界面的正压力演变数据的采集；Step 3: When it is necessary to measure the force of other points on the end surface of the welding sample at the rotating end, it is necessary to open holes at different positions on the interface and set up sampling contacts to complete the collection of positive pressure evolution data of the entire friction interface;
步骤四：外部数据采集系统进行全部点力的采集后，进行数据分析，得出旋转摩擦焊接过程中，整个摩擦界面动态正压力的演变及分布规律。Step 4: After the external data acquisition system collects all point forces, it conducts data analysis to obtain the evolution and distribution of dynamic positive pressure on the entire friction interface during the rotary friction welding process.
本发明的进一步技术方案是：摩擦界面正压力由试样外缘最先建立产生，向中心拓展；正压力随时间演变，先迅速上升，继而下降，最后趋缓于预设焊接压力；不同焊接转速及焊接压力条件下，摩擦界面正压力随时间演变规律相同，相对数值随焊接转速及焊接压力变化有一定浮动；随焊接时间演变，摩擦界面正压力分布呈现“U型”—“V型”—“M型”—“直线型”的演变规律。The further technical solution of the present invention is: the positive pressure of the friction interface is first established and generated from the outer edge of the sample, and expands toward the center; the positive pressure evolves with time, first rises rapidly, then decreases, and finally slows down to the preset welding pressure; different welding Under the conditions of speed and welding pressure, the positive pressure of the friction interface evolves in the same way with time, and the relative value fluctuates with the change of welding speed and welding pressure; with the evolution of welding time, the positive pressure distribution of the friction interface presents a "U-shape"-"V-shape" - "M type" - "linear" evolution law.
发明效果Invention effect
本发明的技术效果在于：本装置获得了旋转摩擦焊过程中摩擦界面不同位置处动态正压力的分布与演变情况。通过将移动端焊接试样与传感器通过工装固定为一体，一起随着工作台运动，实现摩擦界面局部动态正压力的实时采集。通过在移动端工件摩擦表面安装一定细小直径(约为试样直径的1/10左右)的力采样触头采集焊接过程中摩擦界面的正压力。利用固定工装、力采样触头、力传递杆与通孔的间隙配合消除径向剪切力的影响。触头将采集到的力通过穿过工件的“传力杆”传递到“力传感器”，实现力的采集。取该力在采样触头端面面积上的平均值，作为界面该处的正压力。通过摩擦焊过程中的实时采集处理，可获得该点的正压力随时间的演变。通过在界面不同位置设置采样触头，可完成整个摩擦界面的压力分布及其演变数据的采集。The technical effect of the invention is that the device obtains the distribution and evolution of the dynamic positive pressure at different positions of the friction interface during the rotary friction welding process. By fixing the mobile end welding sample and the sensor as a whole through tooling, and moving together with the worktable, the real-time collection of local dynamic positive pressure on the friction interface is realized. The positive pressure of the friction interface during the welding process is collected by installing a force sampling contact with a certain small diameter (about 1/10 of the sample diameter) on the friction surface of the workpiece at the moving end. The influence of radial shear force is eliminated by using the clearance fit between the fixed tooling, the force sampling contact, the force transmission rod and the through hole. The contactor transmits the collected force to the "force sensor" through the "dowel" passing through the workpiece to realize the force collection. Take the average value of this force on the end surface area of the sampling contact as the normal pressure at the interface. Through the real-time acquisition and processing during the friction welding process, the evolution of the normal pressure at this point with time can be obtained. By setting sampling contacts at different positions on the interface, the pressure distribution and evolution data collection of the entire friction interface can be completed.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是本发明装置测量正压力的安装示意图。Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the installation of the device of the present invention for measuring positive pressure.
图2是本发明采集到的不同焊接转速下，旋转摩擦焊过程中试样不同区域摩擦界面动态正压力随焊接时间的演变数据。图(a)、(b)、(c)分别为焊接压力80MPa，焊接转速500rpm，900rpm和1500rpm所采集到的摩擦界面正压力演变规律。Fig. 2 is the evolution data of the dynamic positive pressure of the friction interface in different regions of the sample during the rotary friction welding process with the welding time at different welding speeds collected by the present invention. Figures (a), (b) and (c) show the evolution law of the positive pressure on the friction interface collected at a welding pressure of 80MPa and a welding speed of 500rpm, 900rpm and 1500rpm, respectively.
图3是本发明采集到的不同焊接压力下，旋转摩擦焊过程中试样不同区域摩擦界面动态正压力数据。图(a)、(b)、(c)分别为焊接转速900rpm，焊接压力60MPa、 80MPa、100MPa下所采集到的摩擦界面正压力演变规律。Fig. 3 is the dynamic positive pressure data of the friction interface in different regions of the sample during the rotary friction welding process collected under different welding pressures in the present invention. Figures (a), (b) and (c) show the evolution law of positive pressure on the friction interface collected under the welding speed of 900rpm and welding pressure of 60MPa, 80MPa, and 100MPa, respectively.
图4是本发明采集到的不同焊接转速下，旋转摩擦焊过程中试样不同区域摩擦界面动态正压力随焊接时间的分布数据。图(a)-(b)、(c)-(d)、(e)-(f)分别为焊接压力80MPa，焊接转速500rpm，900rpm和1500rpm所采集到的摩擦界面正压力分布规律。Fig. 4 is the distribution data of the dynamic positive pressure of the friction interface in different areas of the sample during the rotary friction welding process with welding time collected under different welding speeds collected by the present invention. Figures (a)-(b), (c)-(d), and (e)-(f) show the normal pressure distribution of the friction interface collected at a welding pressure of 80MPa and a welding speed of 500rpm, 900rpm and 1500rpm, respectively.
图5是本发明采集到的不同焊接压力下，旋转摩擦焊过程中试样不同区域摩擦界面动态正压力随焊接时间的分布数据。图(a)-(b)、(c)-(d)、(e)-(f)分别为焊接转速900rpm，焊接压力60MPa、80MPa、100MPa下所采集到的摩擦界面正压力分布规律。Fig. 5 is the distribution data of the dynamic positive pressure of the friction interface in different areas of the sample during the rotary friction welding process with welding time under different welding pressures collected by the present invention. Figures (a)-(b), (c)-(d), (e)-(f) show the normal pressure distribution of the friction interface collected under the welding speed of 900rpm and welding pressure of 60MPa, 80MPa, and 100MPa, respectively.
图中，1-传感器基座，2-紧固螺钉，3-移动端焊接试样，4-传力杆，5-力采集触头，6-旋转端焊接试样，7-固定销，8-力传感器，9-紧固螺钉。In the figure, 1-sensor base, 2-fastening screw, 3-welding sample at moving end, 4-dowel rod, 5-force collection contact, 6-welding sample at rotating end, 7-fixing pin, 8 - force sensor, 9 - fastening screw.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
参见图1-图5，为实现对摩擦界面动态正压力的直接测量，本新型公开一种旋转摩擦焊摩擦界面局部动态正压力直接测量装置及方法。一种旋转摩擦焊摩擦界面局部动态正压力直接测量装置，是将压力传感器与移动端焊接试样固定为一体，实现焊接过程中摩擦界面正压力的实施测量。装置由传感器基座1、紧固螺钉2、移动端焊接试样3、传力杆4、力采样触头5、固定销7、压力传感器8、紧固螺钉9组成。Referring to Fig. 1-Fig. 5, in order to realize direct measurement of dynamic positive pressure on friction interface, the present invention discloses a device and method for direct measurement of local dynamic positive pressure on friction interface of rotary friction welding. A device for directly measuring the local dynamic positive pressure on the friction interface of rotary friction welding, which fixes the pressure sensor and the welding sample at the moving end as a whole, and realizes the measurement of the positive pressure on the friction interface during the welding process. The device is composed of sensor base 1, fastening screw 2, mobile end welding sample 3, dowel bar 4, force sampling contact 5, fixed pin 7, pressure sensor 8, and fastening screw 9.
将移动端焊接试样3与传感器8通过紧固螺钉2、固定销7与传感器基座1固定为一体，在移动端工件通孔中安装一定细小直径(约为试样直径的1/10左右)的力采样触头5，贴合摩擦表面，继而放入传力杆，采集焊接过程中摩擦界面的正压力。触头将采集到的力继续通过穿过工件的“传力杆4”传递到“力传感器8”，实现力的采集。取该力在采样触头端面面积上的平均值，作为界面该处的正压力。利用传感器基座1、紧固螺钉2、固定销7的固定作用以及力采样触头5、力传递杆4与通孔的间隙配合消除径向剪切力的影响。通过摩擦焊过程中的实时采集处理，可获得该点的正压力随时间的演变。通过在界面不同位置设置采样触头，可完成整个摩擦界面的压力分布及其演变数据的采集。The mobile terminal welding sample 3 and the sensor 8 are fixed together with the sensor base 1 through the fastening screw 2, the fixing pin 7, and a certain small diameter (about 1/10 of the sample diameter) is installed in the through hole of the mobile terminal workpiece. ) of the force sampling contact 5, fit the friction surface, and then put it into the dowel bar to collect the normal pressure of the friction interface during the welding process. The contact continues to transmit the collected force to the "force sensor 8" through the "dowel 4" passing through the workpiece, so as to realize the collection of force. Take the average value of this force on the end surface area of the sampling contact as the normal pressure at the interface. The effect of radial shear force is eliminated by utilizing the fixing effect of the sensor base 1, the fastening screw 2, the fixing pin 7 and the clearance fit between the force sampling contact 5, the force transmission rod 4 and the through hole. Through the real-time acquisition and processing during the friction welding process, the evolution of the normal pressure at this point with time can be obtained. By setting sampling contacts at different positions of the interface, the pressure distribution and evolution data collection of the entire friction interface can be completed.
将移动端焊接试样与传感器通过工装固定为一体，通过在移动端工件通孔中安装一定细小直径(约为试样直径的1/10左右)的力采样触头，贴合摩擦表面，继而放入传力杆，采集焊接过程中摩擦界面的正压力。利用固定工装、力采样触头、传力杆与通孔的间隙配合消除径向剪切力的影响。触头将采集到的力通过穿过工件的“传力杆”传递到“力传感器”，实现力的采集。取该力在采样触头端面面积上的平均值，作为界面该处的正压力。通过摩擦焊过程中的实时采集处理，可获得该点的正压力随时间的演变。通过在界面不同位置设置采样触头，可完成整个摩擦界面的压力分布及其演变数据的采集。Fix the welding sample at the mobile end and the sensor as a whole through tooling, and install a force sampling contact with a certain small diameter (about 1/10 of the sample diameter) in the through hole of the workpiece at the mobile end to fit the friction surface, and then Put the dowel into it, and collect the normal pressure of the friction interface during the welding process. The influence of radial shear force is eliminated by using the clearance fit between the fixed tooling, the force sampling contact, the dowel rod and the through hole. The contactor transmits the collected force to the "force sensor" through the "dowel" passing through the workpiece to realize the force collection. Take the average value of this force on the end surface area of the sampling contact as the normal pressure at the interface. Through the real-time acquisition and processing during the friction welding process, the evolution of the normal pressure at this point with time can be obtained. By setting sampling contacts at different positions on the interface, the pressure distribution and evolution data collection of the entire friction interface can be completed.
采用本装置进行的一种旋转摩擦焊过程中摩擦界面局部动态正压力测量方法，特点是采用以下步骤：A method for measuring the local dynamic positive pressure of the friction interface during the rotary friction welding process carried out by this device is characterized in that the following steps are adopted:
步骤一、焊接试样与传感器的安装固定。将力采集触头5与传力杆4安放进预制了不同直径通孔结构的移动端焊接试样中。通过固定销7将移动端焊接试样固定在传感器基座1中。利用紧固螺钉9将传感器8固定在传感器基座1中，并与传力杆4保持紧密接触，并将传感器连接至数据采集系统。最后，上紧紧固螺钉2。焊接试样与传感器由此固定为一体。Step 1, the installation and fixing of the welding sample and the sensor. Place the force collection contact 5 and the dowel 4 into the mobile end welding samples prefabricated with through-hole structures of different diameters. The mobile end welding sample is fixed in the sensor base 1 by the fixing pin 7 . The sensor 8 is fixed in the sensor base 1 by fastening screws 9 and kept in close contact with the dowel 4, and the sensor is connected to the data acquisition system. Finally, tighten the fastening screw 2. The welding sample and the sensor are thereby fixed as a whole.
步骤二、焊接实验与界面正压力的采集。将固定为一体的焊接试样与传感器放置在焊机的移动端，根据不锈钢摩擦焊接工艺规范，设定常用的焊接参数进行焊接，这里分别选取焊接转速为500rpm/min，900rpm/min，1500rpm/min；焊接压力分别为 60MPa，80MPa，100MPa。Step 2: Welding experiment and acquisition of interface positive pressure. Place the fixed welding sample and the sensor on the mobile end of the welding machine, and set the common welding parameters for welding according to the stainless steel friction welding process specification. min; Welding pressure is 60MPa, 80MPa, 100MPa respectively.
在焊接过程即将开始时开始采集摩擦界面正压力数据，通过与焊接时间对照，即可获得该点的正压力随时间的演变。When the welding process is about to start, the normal pressure data of the friction interface is collected, and by comparing with the welding time, the evolution of the normal pressure at this point with time can be obtained.
步骤三、一次测量过程可得到摩擦界面一处正压力随时间的演变；通过在界面不同位置设置采样触头，可完成整个摩擦界面的正压力演变数据的采集。对不同区域采集得到的数据随时间分析，可以获得整个摩擦界面压力随时间分布的数据。利用固定工装、力采样触头、传力杆与通孔的间隙配合消除径向剪切力的影响，获得旋转摩擦焊过程中摩擦界面局部动态正压力的分布与演变规律。Step 3: The time evolution of a positive pressure on a friction interface can be obtained in one measurement process; by setting sampling contacts at different positions on the interface, the collection of positive pressure evolution data of the entire friction interface can be completed. By analyzing the data collected in different regions over time, the data of the pressure distribution over time of the entire friction interface can be obtained. The influence of radial shear force is eliminated by using the clearance fit between fixed tooling, force sampling contact, dowel and through hole, and the distribution and evolution law of local dynamic positive pressure on friction interface during rotational friction welding are obtained.
步骤1、焊接试样与传感器的安装固定。Step 1. Install and fix the welding sample and sensor.
将力采集触头5与传力杆4安放进预制了不同直径通孔结构的移动端焊接试样中。通过固定销7将移动端焊接试样3固定在传感器基座1中。利用紧固螺钉9将传感器 8固定在传感器基座1中，并与传力杆4保持紧密接触，传感器8同时连接外部数据采集系统。最后，上紧紧固螺钉2。焊接试样与传感器由此固定为一体。Place the force collection contact 5 and the dowel 4 into the mobile end welding samples prefabricated with through-hole structures of different diameters. The mobile end welding sample 3 is fixed in the sensor base 1 by the fixing pin 7 . The sensor 8 is fixed in the sensor base 1 by fastening screws 9 and kept in close contact with the dowel 4, and the sensor 8 is connected to an external data acquisition system at the same time. Finally, tighten the fastening screw 2. The welding sample and the sensor are thereby fixed as a whole.
步骤2、在旋转端焊接试样的端面同一点上，不同焊接转速和焊接压力下的焊接实验与摩擦界面正压力的采集，包括以下子步骤：Step 2. On the same point on the end face of the rotating end welding sample, the welding experiment and the collection of the positive pressure of the friction interface under different welding speeds and welding pressures include the following sub-steps:
子步骤1：将步骤1中固定为一体的移动端焊接试样与传感器放置在焊机的移动端，设定不同焊接压力和不同焊接转速后，将装置和旋转端焊接试样进行旋转焊接，焊接过程中，移动端和旋转端试样先预顶触碰一下，而后分离，继而旋转端试样开始旋转，移动端试样以一定工进速度靠近旋转端，力采集触头5接触旋转端焊接试样；Sub-step 1: Place the mobile terminal welding sample and sensor fixed in step 1 on the mobile terminal of the welding machine. After setting different welding pressures and different welding speeds, the device and the rotary terminal welding sample are rotated and welded. During the welding process, the sample at the moving end and the rotating end first touch each other, and then separate, and then the rotating end sample starts to rotate, the moving end sample approaches the rotating end at a certain working speed, and the force collection contact 5 touches the rotating end welding samples;
子步骤2：力采集触头5对接触的接触旋转端焊接试样的点采集到力，并通过传力杆传至传感器，通过传感器传至外部数据采集系统，对力进行分析。先在设定的同一转速下，在不同压力下采集界面4个典型位置处的摩擦界面动态正压力数据；继而改变焊接转速，在另一个转速，不同压力下采集界面4个典型位置处的摩擦界面动态正压力数据。Sub-step 2: The force collection contact 5 collects the force at the contact point of the rotating end welding sample, and transmits it to the sensor through the dowel bar, and transmits it to the external data acquisition system through the sensor to analyze the force. First, at the same set speed, the dynamic positive pressure data of the friction interface at 4 typical positions of the interface are collected under different pressures; then the welding speed is changed, and the friction at 4 typical positions of the interface is collected at another speed and different pressures Interface dynamic normal pressure data.
子步骤3：不同焊接转速的焊接实验与摩擦界面正压力的采集。Sub-step 3: Welding experiments at different welding speeds and collection of positive pressure on the friction interface.
将固定为一体的焊接试样与传感器放置在焊机的移动端。设定焊接参数进行焊接。选用φ25的工业用SUS304棒材，研究不同焊接转速下摩擦界面正压力随时间的演变规律。选用的焊接参数为焊接压力80MPa，焊接转速分别为500rpm、900rpm、1500rpm。开机，进行焊接，采集数据。可得，摩擦界面正压力由试样外缘最先建立产生，向中心拓展。正压力随时间演变，先迅速上升，继而下降，最后趋缓于预设焊接压力。上升过程中最大的正压力大于预设的焊接压力。不同转速条件下摩擦界面正压力随时间演变规律相同。随着转速增大，压力上升至最大值所需时间减小。Place the fixed welding sample and sensor on the mobile end of the welding machine. Set welding parameters to weld. The φ25 industrial SUS304 bar was selected to study the evolution of the normal pressure of the friction interface with time at different welding speeds. The selected welding parameters are welding pressure 80MPa, and welding speeds are 500rpm, 900rpm and 1500rpm respectively. Turn on the machine, perform welding, and collect data. It can be seen that the positive pressure on the friction interface is first established at the outer edge of the sample and expanded toward the center. The positive pressure evolves with time, first rises rapidly, then decreases, and finally slows down to the preset welding pressure. The maximum positive pressure during the ascent is greater than the preset welding pressure. The normal pressure of the friction interface evolves with time at different rotational speeds. As the rotational speed increases, the time required for the pressure to rise to the maximum value decreases.
子步骤4：不同焊接压力的焊接实验与摩擦界面正压力的采集。Sub-step 4: Welding experiments with different welding pressures and collection of positive pressure on the friction interface.
将固定为一体的焊接试样与传感器放置在焊机的移动端。设定焊接参数进行焊接。选用φ25的工业用SUS304棒材，研究不同焊接压力下摩擦界面正压力随时间的演变规律。选用的焊接参数为焊接转速900rpm，焊接压力分别为500rpm、900rpm、1500rpm。开机，进行焊接，采集数据。可得，摩擦界面正压力由试样外缘最先建立产生，向中心拓展。正压力随时间演变，先迅速上升，继而下降，最后趋缓于预设焊接压力。上升过程中最大的正压力大于预设的焊接压力。不同转速压力下摩擦界面正压力随时间演变规律相同。Place the fixed welding sample and sensor on the mobile end of the welding machine. Set welding parameters to weld. The φ25 industrial SUS304 bar was selected to study the evolution of the normal pressure of the friction interface with time under different welding pressures. The selected welding parameters are welding speed 900rpm, welding pressure 500rpm, 900rpm, 1500rpm respectively. Turn on the machine, perform welding, and collect data. It can be seen that the positive pressure on the friction interface is first established at the outer edge of the sample and expanded toward the center. The positive pressure evolves with time, first rises rapidly, then decreases, and finally slows down to the preset welding pressure. The maximum positive pressure during the ascent is greater than the preset welding pressure. The evolution law of the normal pressure of the friction interface with time is the same under different rotational speeds and pressures.
步骤3、需要测得旋转端焊接试样端面其他点的力时，需要在界面不同位置处开通孔，设置采样触头，即可完成整个摩擦界面的正压力演变数据的采集。Step 3. When it is necessary to measure the force at other points on the end surface of the welded sample at the rotating end, it is necessary to open holes at different positions on the interface and set sampling contacts to complete the collection of positive pressure evolution data of the entire friction interface.
步骤4、外部数据采集系统进行全部点力的采集后，进行数据分析，得出旋转摩擦焊接过程中，整个摩擦界面动态正压力的演变及分布规律。将步骤2、3中采集得到的不同区域的摩擦界面正压力数据随时间分析，可以获得整个摩擦界面压力随时间分布的数据。随焊接时间演变，摩擦界面正压力分布呈现“U型”—“V型”—“M型”—“直线型”的演变规律。Step 4. After the external data acquisition system collects all the point forces, the data is analyzed to obtain the evolution and distribution of the dynamic positive pressure on the entire friction interface during the rotary friction welding process. By analyzing the positive pressure data of the friction interface in different regions collected in steps 2 and 3 over time, the data of the pressure distribution over time of the entire friction interface can be obtained. With the evolution of welding time, the normal pressure distribution of the friction interface presents the evolution law of "U-shape"-"V-shape"-"M-shape"-"linear".
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