CN108487807B

CN108487807B - Oven hinge with adjustable buffering direction

Info

Publication number: CN108487807B
Application number: CN201810138553.1A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 胡涛; 杨文明; 张翔
Original assignee: Jiangsu Xinghui Precision Technology Co ltd
Current assignee: Jiangsu Jiuxing Precision Technology Group Co ltd
Priority date: 2018-02-10
Filing date: 2018-02-10
Publication date: 2021-01-05
Anticipated expiration: 2038-02-10
Also published as: CN108487807A

Abstract

The invention provides an oven hinge with adjustable buffering direction, which comprises a base arranged on a cabinet body and a swinging arm arranged on a door body, wherein the swinging arm is hinged on the base through a connecting shaft; and the adjusting hole that transmission part, buffering sub-assembly, connection elastic component and the base of cooperation transmission elastic component were equipped with to reach and launch or close the buffering effect when opening and shutting the door according to practical application, protect other parts of oven, the suitability is strong, guarantees the oven result of use.

Description

Oven hinge with adjustable buffering direction

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of oven hinges, in particular to an oven hinge with adjustable buffering direction.

Background

The oven hinge generally comprises a swing arm, a base, a spring and a pull rod, wherein the swing arm is arranged on an oven door, the base is arranged on the oven, the swing arm is hinged with the base, the spring is sleeved on the pull rod, and the pull rod is connected to the base and the swing arm in a transmission way. Then, by means of the tension or elasticity of the spring, a torsional traction mode is adopted, when the door is opened, the spring can be stretched or compressed by pulling the door, and the oven door is opened; when the oven door is closed, the oven door can be closed on the oven cabinet due to the reset action of the spring only by releasing the oven door.

However, the above-structured toaster hinge has the following disadvantages:

1. in order to achieve the sealing performance of the oven, a spring with strong tension or elasticity is generally used, so that the opening or closing of the oven door is laborious.

2. The transmission structure of the spring and the pull rod is utilized, so that the pull rod is easy to rub the base during operation, the noise is high, and the rotating stability of the oven is reduced.

3. The oven door is limited in use state, namely, the oven door can only be opened completely or closed completely, and the oven door is difficult to stop at will according to practical application, so that the use effect is influenced.

4. When the oven door is closed, the oven door and the oven cabinet are often in large collision sound and high noise due to the elastic reset function; or, when the oven door is opened, the oven door is self-opened quickly due to the heavier gravity, which is easy to damage other transmission components of the oven and affects the normal use of the oven.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides an oven hinge with adjustable buffering direction, which is simple in structure, can strengthen the tightness of an oven door, can assist in opening and closing the oven door with assistance, can start or close the buffering effect according to actual application when the oven door is opened and closed, protects other parts of an oven, can enable an oven door body to stay at any angle when the oven door body is opened, is high in applicability and high in rotation stability, and ensures the using effect of the oven.

The invention aims to realize the following steps: a buffer direction adjustable oven hinge comprises a base arranged on a cabinet body and a swing arm arranged on a door body, wherein the swing arm is hinged on the base through a connecting shaft, and the base is provided with a transmission elastic component with a bidirectional buffer function and a power-assisted elastic component with a power-assisted door body for opening and closing;

the transmission elastic component comprises a transmission part, a buffer assembly part and a connection elastic part, the transmission part is connected to the swing arm through a fixed shaft and is hinged to the front end of the buffer assembly part through a positioning shaft, the connection elastic part is buckled to the rear end of the buffer assembly part through a buckling shaft and is fixedly connected to the base through a fixed pin, the front end and the rear end of the buffer assembly part are respectively connected with the base through the buffer shaft and a sliding shaft, the buffer assembly part is provided with a connecting hole for pushing the buffer shaft and the sliding shaft to slide on the base, and the base is provided with an adjusting hole for limiting the sliding position of the buffer shaft and the sliding shaft;

the power-assisted elastic component comprises a power-assisted frame, a supporting plate and a power-assisted elastic piece, the power-assisted frame is buckled on the base, the supporting plate is elastically reset and moved relative to the power-assisted frame under the action of the power-assisted elastic piece, a connecting wheel is installed at the front end of the supporting plate, and the swing arm is provided with an arc groove which is matched and connected with the connecting wheel when the door body is opened and closed.

Optimizing according to the aforesaid, the buffering sub-assembly includes buffering link, buffering attenuator, and the both ends of buffering link are articulated through location axle and driving medium respectively, through lock joint axle and connection elastic component lock joint, and the cylinder body of buffering attenuator passes through buffering axle sliding connection on buffering link, and the promotion pole top of buffering attenuator is pressed on the sliding shaft, and sliding shaft sliding connection is on the base, and the connecting hole sets up in the both sides with the communicating buffering link in regulation hole.

According to the optimization, the adjusting hole comprises a front buckling part for buckling with the buffering shaft, a sliding part for sliding and matching the buffering shaft and the sliding shaft, and a rear connecting part connected with the buffering shaft, and the front buckling part and the rear connecting part are respectively connected to the front end and the rear end of the sliding part.

According to the optimization, the adjusting hole comprises a front connecting part connected with the buffer shaft for use, a sliding part matched with the buffer shaft for sliding movement with the sliding shaft, and a rear buckling part buckled with the buffer shaft, and the front connecting part and the rear buckling part are respectively connected to the front end and the rear end of the sliding part.

According to the optimization, the adjusting hole comprises a front connecting part connected with the buffer shaft, a sliding part matched with the buffer shaft and used for sliding movement of the buffer shaft, and a rear connecting part connected with the buffer shaft, and the front connecting part and the rear connecting part are respectively connected to the front end and the rear end of the sliding part.

According to the optimization, the fixing pin, the buckling shaft, the sliding shaft, the positioning shaft and the fixing shaft are not on the same horizontal line, and the fixing shaft is located above the connecting shaft.

According to the optimization, the other end part of the transmission piece is provided with the flexible connecting block which is connected with the wall surface of the base in a sliding mode along with the movement of the transmission piece.

According to the optimization, the base is provided with the positioning column and the mounting opening, and one end of the power-assisted frame is provided with the positioning hole for matching and mounting the positioning column and the mounting fixture block for matching and sliding on the mounting opening.

Optimize according to the aforesaid, the inboard of helping hand frame is equipped with the restriction backup pad elasticity and resets the restriction piece that removes usefulness, and the one end cartridge of backup pad is on the restriction piece, and the other end of backup pad slides on helping hand frame through the helping hand axle, the helping hand frame is equipped with and slides the sliding hole of being connected usefulness with helping hand axle adaptation.

According to the optimization, the connecting wheel is assembled on the power-assisted shaft, and the arc groove is provided with the arc surface which gradually changes from surface contact to line contact with the connecting wheel along with the outward swinging of the swinging arm.

The invention has the advantages that:

1) the structure cooperation of the transmission elastic assembly and the power-assisted elastic assembly can strengthen the tightness of the door body, avoid the door body from being opened mistakenly or automatically, and ensure the use effect of the oven.

2) The structure of helping hand frame, backup pad, helping hand elastic component, fifth wheel of cooperation helping hand elastic component, when the door body rotated, the fifth wheel became line contact gradually by the face contact with the circular arc trench to move at the relative helping hand of helping hand frame elasticity of helping hand elastic component effect backup pad, thereby helped the swing arm and opened and close, made the operation of opening lighter.

3) Under the structure cooperation of the connection elastic part and the transmission part of the transmission elastic assembly, the connection elastic part is always stressed, so that the torque generated by the door torsion angle and the torque connected with the elastic part form a mutual transmission acting force relationship between the door body and the base, the door body of the oven stops at any angle when opened, the applicability is improved, and the stability can be enhanced.

4) Through changing the regulation pore structure, realize when closing the door, or when opening the door, or when closing the door and opening the door, make the buffering sub-assembly produce the cushioning effect to reach that the oven door body closes or opens or both-way all has the buffering effect, use in a flexible way, the suitability is strong, and the noise abatement protects other parts of oven again, guarantees the normal use of oven.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a first embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a first embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a base according to a first embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 4 is an exploded view of a first embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a second embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 6 is a cross-sectional view of a second embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a base according to a second embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 8 is an exploded view of a second embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of a third embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 10 is a cross-sectional view of a third embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 11 is a schematic structural diagram of a base according to a third embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 12 is an exploded view of a third embodiment of the present invention.

Detailed Description

The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Referring to the attached drawings 1 to 12, the oven hinge with adjustable buffering direction of the invention comprises a base 1 installed on a cabinet body and a swing arm 2 installed on a door body, wherein the swing arm 2 is hinged on the base 1 through a connecting shaft 3. The base 1 is provided with a transmission elastic assembly with a bidirectional buffering function and an assistance elastic assembly with an assistance door body for opening and closing.

Referring to fig. 1 to 12, the transmission elastic component includes a transmission member 4, a damping assembly, and a connection elastic member 5. The transmission part 4 is connected to the swing arm 2 through a fixed shaft 6 and is hinged to the front end of the buffering assembly part through a positioning shaft 7, the connection elastic part 5 is buckled to the rear end of the buffering assembly part through a buckling shaft 8 and is fixedly connected to the base 1 through a fixing pin 9, and the front end and the rear end of the buffering assembly part are respectively connected with the base 1 through a buffering shaft 10 and a sliding shaft 19. The buffer assembly is provided with a connecting hole 11 for pushing the buffer shaft 10 and the sliding shaft 19 to slide on the base 1, and the base 1 is provided with an adjusting hole 12 for limiting the sliding positions of the buffer shaft 10 and the sliding shaft 19.

Wherein, the buffer assembly comprises a buffer connecting frame 17 and a buffer damper 18. The two ends of the buffer connecting frame 17 are hinged with the transmission part 4 through the positioning shaft 7 respectively, and are buckled with the connection elastic part 5 through the buckling shaft 8, the cylinder body of the buffer damper 18 is connected to the buffer connecting frame 17 through the buffer shaft 10 in a sliding mode, the push rod of the buffer damper 18 is pressed against the sliding shaft 19, the sliding shaft 19 is connected to the base 1 in a sliding mode, and the connecting holes 11 are formed in the two sides of the buffer connecting frame 17 communicated with the adjusting hole 12.

The fixing pin 9, the fastening shaft 8, the sliding shaft 19, the positioning shaft 7 and the fixing shaft 6 are not on the same horizontal line, and the fixing shaft 6 is positioned above the connecting shaft 3.

Namely, the operation principle of operating the oven door is as follows: when the swing arm 2 rotates by taking the connecting shaft 3 as a fixed point and forms a torque with the base 1 smaller than the torque at the two ends of the connecting elastic piece 5, an included angle of 0-15 degrees for generating self-closing force is formed between the door body and the cabinet body. That is, when the oven door rotates at 0 ° to 15 ° (including 0 °), the torque of the connection elastic member 5 becomes an elastic force arm, and as the torque generated by the door weight when the oven door rotates becomes larger and larger, the elastic force generated by stretching the connection elastic member 5 also increases, so that the torque generated by the connection elastic member 5 is enough to automatically close the oven door on the oven cabinet.

When the swing arm 2 rotates by taking the connecting shaft 3 as a fixed point and forms a torque with the base 1 which is equal to the torque at the two ends of the connecting elastic piece 5, an included angle of 15-70 degrees for generating balance force is formed between the door body and the cabinet body. That is, when the oven door body rotates at 15 ° to 70 °, the torque generated by the door weight when the oven door body rotates becomes larger and larger, the elastic force generated by the connection elastic member 5 being stretched also increases, and the torque generated by the connection elastic member 5 can balance the gravity of the oven door body, so that the oven door body stays at any angle according to practical application when opened.

When the swing arm 2 rotates by taking the connecting shaft 3 as a fixed point and forms a torque with the base 1 which is larger than the torque at two ends of the connecting elastic piece 5, an included angle of 70-85 degrees which generates self-opening door force is formed between the door body and the cabinet body. That is, when the oven door body rotates at 15 ° to 70 °, the torque generated by the door weight when the oven door body rotates becomes larger and larger. In this case, the base 1 is provided with an adjustment hole 12 for restricting the sliding position of the slide shaft 19. When the sliding shaft 19 slides to the maximum limiting position on the adjusting hole 12, the elastic force generated by stretching the connecting elastic piece 5 is unchanged, so that the torque generated by the connecting elastic piece 5 is smaller than the torque generated by the gravity of the oven door body, and the oven door body automatically opens the door.

Like this, under the structure cooperation of transmission elastic component's connection elastic component 5, driving medium 4, connect elastic component 5 atress all the time, the moment of torsion that makes door torsion angle produce forms the mutual transmission effort relation between the door body and the base 1 with the moment of torsion of being connected elastic component 5 to stop in arbitrary angle when reaching the oven door body and opening, improve the suitability, can make the oven door body have again and help and open and close a body function, strengthen stability.

Referring to fig. 1, a base 1 is provided with a power-assisted elastic assembly, wherein the power-assisted elastic assembly drives a door body to open and close through a power-assisted swing arm 2, and comprises a power-assisted frame 13, a support plate 14 and a power-assisted elastic element 15. Wherein, base 1 is equipped with reference column 21, installing port 22. One end of the power-assisted frame 13 is provided with a positioning hole 23 for matching and installing the positioning column 21 and an installation clamping block 24 which is matched and slidably arranged on the installation opening 22, so that the power-assisted frame 13 is buckled on the base 1. Simple to operate strengthens connecting the steadiness, ensures the use quality of oven hinge.

The elastic assist element 15 elastically returns to move relative to the assist frame 13 by acting on the support plate 14. The inner side of the power-assisted frame 13 is provided with a limiting block 25 for limiting the elastic resetting movement of the supporting plate 14, one end of the supporting plate 14 is inserted into the limiting block 25, the other end of the supporting plate 14 slides on the power-assisted frame 13 through a power-assisted shaft 26, and the power-assisted frame 13 is provided with a sliding hole 27 matched with the power-assisted shaft 26 for sliding connection.

Furthermore, a connecting wheel 28 is installed at the front end of the supporting plate 14, and the swing arm 2 is provided with an arc groove position 16 which is matched and connected with the connecting wheel 28 when the door body is opened and closed. In practical applications, the connecting wheel 28 is mounted on the assisting shaft 26, and the circular arc groove 16 is provided with a circular arc surface 29 which gradually changes from surface contact to line contact with the connecting wheel 28 as the swing arm 2 swings outwards.

When the oven door body is closed at the cabinet body, the oven door body is compressed on the connecting wheel 28, under the effect of the power-assisted elastic part 15, the arc surface 29 of the power-assisted arc slot position 16 is in surface contact with the connecting wheel 28, and the reinforced door body is tightly pressed on the cabinet body, so that the oven door body is tightly closed on the oven cabinet body under the dual effects of the power-assisted elastic component and the transmission elastic component, the wrong door body is effectively prevented from being opened or automatically opened, and the connection stability is improved.

Referring to fig. 1 to 4, the adjusting hole 12 includes a front fastening portion 121 for fastening the buffer shaft 10, a sliding portion 122 adapted to slide the buffer shaft 10 and the sliding shaft 19, and a rear connecting portion 123 connected to the buffer shaft 10, wherein the front fastening portion 121 and the rear connecting portion 123 are respectively connected to front and rear ends of the sliding portion 122.

When the buffer shaft 10 is used, the buffer shaft 10 is pulled to the front buckling part 121, so that the buffer shaft 10 is buckled to the front buckling part 121. When the oven door body is opened, the transmission part 4 moves forwards along the base 1 along with the outward rotation of the swing arm 2, so that the buffer connecting frame 17 is pulled to move towards the front end of the base 1, and the sliding shaft 19 presses the pushing rod of the buffer damper 18 to move towards the cylinder body direction. So that the buffer damper 18 has a buffer effect when the door is opened, damping occurs when the door is opened in one direction, the door body of the oven is slowly opened, noise caused by collision when the door is opened is avoided, and the buffer effect is good.

Referring to fig. 5 to 8, the second embodiment is different from the above in that: the adjusting hole 12 includes a front connecting portion 124 for connecting with the buffer shaft 10, a sliding portion 122 adapted to slide the buffer shaft 10 and the sliding shaft 19, and a rear fastening portion 125 fastened to the buffer shaft 10, wherein the front connecting portion 124 and the rear fastening portion 125 are respectively connected to front and rear ends of the sliding portion 122.

When in use, the sliding shaft 19 is pulled toward the rear buckle portion 125, so that the sliding shaft 19 is buckled to the rear buckle portion 125. When the oven door body is closed, the transmission part 4 moves backwards along the base 1 along with the inward rotation of the swing arm 2, so that the buffer connecting frame 17 is pulled to move towards the rear end of the base 1, and the buffer shaft 10 drives the cylinder body of the buffer damper 18 to move towards the direction of the push rod of the buffer shaft. So that the buffer damper 18 has a buffer effect when the door is closed, damping can be generated when the door is closed in one direction, the oven door body is slowly closed, noise caused by collision when the door is closed is avoided, and the buffer effect is good.

Referring to fig. 9 to 12, the third embodiment is different from the above in that: the adjusting hole 12 includes a front connecting portion 124 for connecting with the buffer shaft 10, a sliding portion 122 adapted to slide the buffer shaft 10 and the sliding shaft 19, and a rear connecting portion 123 connected with the buffer shaft 10, wherein the front connecting portion 124 and the rear connecting portion 123 are respectively connected to front and rear ends of the sliding portion 122.

When the oven door body is opened in use, the transmission part 4 moves forwards along the base 1 along with the outward rotation of the swing arm 2, so that the buffer connecting frame 17 is pulled to move towards the front end of the base 1. When the buffer shaft 10 moves to the front connecting part 124, the buffer frame continues to move along with the transmission member 4, so that the sliding shaft 19 presses the pushing rod of the buffer damper 18 to move towards the cylinder body, and the buffer damper 18 performs a buffer function when the door is opened. When the oven is closed, the transmission part 4 moves backwards along the base 1 along with the inward rotation of the swing arm 2, so as to pull the buffer connecting frame 17 to move towards the rear end of the base 1. When the sliding shaft 19 moves to the rear connecting part 123, the buffer frame continues to move along with the transmission member 4, so that the buffer shaft 10 carries the cylinder body of the buffer damper 18 to move towards the push rod direction, and the buffer damper 18 generates buffer action when being closed.

Like this, through changing 12 structures in regulation hole, realize when closing the door, or when opening the door, or when closing the door and opening the door, make the buffering sub-assembly produce the cushioning effect to reach that the oven door body closes or opens or both-way all has the buffering effect, use in a flexible way, the suitability is strong, and the noise abatement protects other parts of oven again, guarantees the normal use of oven.

In addition, the other end of the transmission member 4 is mounted with a flexible connection block 20 slidably connected to the wall surface of the base 1 as it moves. Therefore, the structure that the fixing pin 9, the buckling shaft 8, the sliding shaft 19, the positioning shaft 7 and the fixing shaft 6 are not on the same horizontal line is combined, the surface contact between the transmission piece 4 and the base 1 is reduced, and the structure is protected doubly, so that the transmission stability is high, the friction is reduced, and the noise is reduced.

The above embodiments are only the embodiments of the present invention with better effect, and any structure identical or equivalent to the buffering direction adjustable oven hinge of the present invention is within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. The utility model provides a buffering direction adjustable oven hinge, is including installing in base (1) of the cabinet body, installing in swing arm (2) of the door body, swing arm (2) hinge on base (1) through connecting axle (3), its characterized in that: the base (1) is provided with a transmission elastic assembly with a bidirectional buffering function and a power-assisted elastic assembly with a power-assisted door body for opening and closing;

the transmission elastic component comprises a transmission part (4), a buffering assembly and a connection elastic part (5), the transmission part (4) is connected to the swing arm (2) through a fixed shaft (6) and is hinged to the front end of the buffering assembly through a positioning shaft (7), the connection elastic part (5) is buckled to the rear end of the buffering assembly through a buckling shaft (8) and is fixedly connected to the base (1) through a fixing pin (9), the front end and the rear end of the buffering assembly are respectively connected with the base (1) through a buffering shaft (10) and a sliding shaft (19), the buffering assembly is provided with a connecting hole (11) for pushing the buffering shaft (10) and the sliding shaft (19) to slide on the base (1), and the base (1) is provided with an adjusting hole (12) for limiting the sliding positions of the buffering shaft (10) and the sliding shaft (19);

the power-assisted elastic assembly comprises a power-assisted frame (13), a supporting plate (14) and a power-assisted elastic part (15), the power-assisted frame (13) is buckled on the base (1), the power-assisted elastic part (15) acts on the supporting plate (14) to elastically reset and move relative to the power-assisted frame (13), a connecting wheel (28) is installed at the front end of the supporting plate (14), and the swing arm (2) is provided with an arc groove position (16) which is matched and connected with the connecting wheel (28) when the door body is opened and closed;

the buffer assembly comprises a buffer connecting frame (17) and a buffer damper (18), wherein two ends of the buffer connecting frame (17) are hinged with the transmission part (4) through a positioning shaft (7) respectively and are buckled with the connection elastic part (5) through a buckling shaft (8), a cylinder body of the buffer damper (18) is connected onto the buffer connecting frame (17) through a buffer shaft (10) in a sliding manner, a push rod of the buffer damper (18) is pressed against a sliding shaft (19), the sliding shaft (19) is connected onto the base (1) in a sliding manner, and connecting holes (11) are formed in two sides of the buffer connecting frame (17) communicated with the adjusting hole (12);

the inner side of the power-assisted frame (13) is provided with a limiting block (25) for limiting the elastic resetting movement of the supporting plate (14), one end of the supporting plate (14) is inserted on the limiting block (25), the other end of the supporting plate (14) slides on the power-assisted frame (13) through a power-assisted shaft (26), and the power-assisted frame (13) is provided with a sliding hole (27) matched with the power-assisted shaft (26) for sliding connection;

the connecting wheel (28) is assembled on the power-assisted shaft (26), and the arc groove (16) is provided with an arc surface (29) which gradually changes from surface contact to line contact with the connecting wheel (28) along with the outward swinging of the swinging arm (2).

2. The cushioning adjustable direction toaster hinge of claim 1, wherein: the adjusting hole (12) comprises a front buckling part (121) buckled with the buffer shaft (10) for use, a sliding part (122) matched with the buffer shaft (10) and used for sliding with the sliding shaft (19), and a rear connecting part (123) connected with the buffer shaft (10), wherein the front buckling part (121) and the rear connecting part (123) are respectively connected to the front end and the rear end of the sliding part (122).

3. The cushioning adjustable direction toaster hinge of claim 1, wherein: the adjusting hole (12) comprises a front connecting part (124) connected with the buffer shaft (10), a sliding part (122) matched with the buffer shaft (10) and sliding with the sliding shaft (19), and a rear buckling part (125) buckled with the buffer shaft (10), wherein the front connecting part (124) and the rear buckling part (125) are respectively connected to the front end and the rear end of the sliding part (122).

4. The cushioning adjustable direction toaster hinge of claim 1, wherein: the adjusting hole (12) comprises a front connecting part (124) connected with the buffer shaft (10), a sliding part (122) matched with the buffer shaft (10) and used for sliding with the sliding shaft (19), and a rear connecting part (123) connected with the buffer shaft (10), wherein the front connecting part (124) and the rear connecting part (123) are respectively connected to the front end and the rear end of the sliding part (122).

5. The cushioning adjustable direction toaster hinge of claim 1, wherein: the fixing pin (9), the buckling shaft (8), the sliding shaft (19), the positioning shaft (7) and the fixing shaft (6) are not on the same horizontal line, and the fixing shaft (6) is located above the connecting shaft (3).

6. The cushioning adjustable oven hinge according to claim 1 or 5, wherein: and a flexible connecting block (20) which is connected with the wall surface of the base (1) in a sliding manner along with the movement of the other end of the transmission piece (4) is installed at the other end of the transmission piece.

7. The cushioning adjustable direction toaster hinge of claim 1, wherein: the base (1) is provided with a positioning column (21) and an installation opening (22), and one end of the power-assisted frame (13) is provided with a positioning hole (23) which is matched and installed by the positioning column (21) and an installation clamping block (24) which is matched and glidingly installed on the installation opening (22).