CN108461932B - Low-complexity analog beam forming antenna array - Google Patents
Low-complexity analog beam forming antenna array Download PDFInfo
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- CN108461932B CN108461932B CN201810090680.9A CN201810090680A CN108461932B CN 108461932 B CN108461932 B CN 108461932B CN 201810090680 A CN201810090680 A CN 201810090680A CN 108461932 B CN108461932 B CN 108461932B
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- phase shifter
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q23/00—Antennas with active circuits or circuit elements integrated within them or attached to them
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
- H01Q19/10—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/24—Combinations of antenna units polarised in different directions for transmitting or receiving circularly and elliptically polarised waves or waves linearly polarised in any direction
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- Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a low-complexity analog beam forming antenna array, which relates to the technical field of communication and comprises one or more subarrays with independent analog beam forming functions, wherein each subarray comprises a metal reflecting plate, an antenna radiating element array and a digital phase shifter; the digital phase shifter is directly connected with the radiation unit or the unit group, at least one digital phase shifter has different digits or different delay total measuring ranges, and the complexity degree can be reduced by reducing the phase shift quantity of part of the phase shifters. According to the analog beam forming scheme provided by the embodiment of the invention, through the combined use of the digital phase shifters with different digits or different delay total ranges, the complexity of the Massive MIMO antenna array is reduced, the power consumption and the cost are reduced, and an economic and more practical solution is provided for large-scale deployment of the 5G mobile communication system.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of communication, in particular to a low-complexity analog beam forming antenna array.
Background
The fifth generation mobile communication system (5G) uses a large-scale multiple input and output (Massive MIMO) technology, and up to 64 or more antenna units are deployed on the base station antenna side, and meanwhile, multiple antennas are deployed on the mobile terminal, so that the spatial multiplexing capability is greatly enhanced, breakthrough innovation is realized in the wireless transmission technology, and the spectral efficiency and the power efficiency are greatly improved.
Theoretically, the Massive MIMO system with the full-digital beam forming mode has optimal performance, but the system needs an expensive digital-to-analog/analog conversion module, and has the problems of high cost, overlarge data transmission and processing capacity and the like. The digital and analog mixed beam forming mode places the digital-analog/analog conversion modules in a public channel, so that the number of the digital-analog/analog conversion modules is greatly reduced, and the complexity of the system is reduced.
Hybrid beamforming has become a research hotspot for 5G, and digital phase shifters as their core components are receiving increasing attention from students and enterprise research and development technicians. The digital phase shifter applied in the existing 5G technology adopts a normalization form, namely, the digital phase shifter has the same number of bits and phase shifting quantity; the more the number of bits of the phase shifter, the higher the accuracy of the beam scan angle, but the more complex the phase shifter itself and its control circuitry, the more cost and loss increase significantly with the number of bits and the amount of phase shift. For a dynamic beamforming antenna operating at radio frequencies, the number of bits of the digital phase shifter and its phasors need to be reduced as much as possible.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems encountered by using a hybrid beam forming method for a 5G Massive MIMO antenna array, the invention provides a low-complexity analog beam forming antenna array; the number of phase shift bits or the total delay range of a part of digital phase shifters is reduced by matching the digital phase shifters with different numbers of bits or different total delay ranges through the radiation units or the radiation unit groups. The present invention may locally simplify the phase shifter design, reduce the complexity and cost of a Massive MIMO antenna array, and solve or at least partially alleviate the above-mentioned problems in the prior art.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention proposes a low-complexity analog beamforming antenna array, comprising one or more subarrays with independent analog beamforming functions, each subarray comprising a metal reflecting plate, an antenna radiating element array and a digital phase shifter, said subarrays being connected to a radio frequency front-end component located in a common channel, said radio frequency front-end component comprising a Power Amplifier (PA), a Low Noise Amplifier (LNA) and a filter;
the digital phase shifter is in the form of a delay or a phase shifter, the phase offset of the delay linearly changes along with the working frequency, and the phase offset of the phase shifter is constant in the range of the working frequency band;
the digital phase shifter is directly connected with a radiating element or a radiating element group in the antenna radiating element array, and at least one digital phase shifter has different digits for the subarray of which the digital phase shifter is a phase shifter; for subarrays in which delays are used for digital phase shifters, at least one digital phase shifter has a different total delay span.
Preferably, the radiation unit is a dual polarized or single polarized antenna unit.
Preferably, each sub-array comprises a number of digital phase shifters, less than or equal to the number of radiating elements.
Preferably, each sub-array is connected to one end of a corresponding common channel, and the other end of the common channel is connected to the digital domain beam forming network, and the common channel at least comprises a power amplifier, a mixer and a digital-to-analog conversion module.
Preferably, the antenna radiating element arrays of the subarrays are arranged in a horizontal and vertical two-dimensional mode, and the number of rows and the number of columns are greater than or equal to 2.
Preferably, the number of columns of the subarray radiating element array is 4, and the number of rows is 2.
Preferably, the digital phase shifters in the subarrays are in the form of constant phase shift phase shifters comprising two digital phase shifters of 4 bits and 3 bits, the 4 bit digital phase shifters consisting of 0 0 /22.5 0 、0 0 /45 0 、0 0 /90 0 And 0 (0) 0 /180 0 Four kinds of phase shifter units are cascaded, and each phase shifter unit comprises two phase states; the 3-bit digital phase shifter is formed by cascading three phase shifter units in the 4-bit digital phase shifter.
Preferably, the 4-bit digital phase shifter, wherein 0 0 /22.5 0 The phase shifter element comprises 0 0 And 22.5 0 Two phase states, 0 0 /45 0 The phase shifter element comprises 0 0 And 45 (V) 0 Two phase states, 0 0 /90 0 The phase shifter element includes 0 0 And 90 0 Two phase states, 0 0 /180 0 The phase shifter element comprises 0 0 And 180 0 Two phase states; each phase shifter element can be controlled by a radio frequency switch to select one of the phase shifts.
Preferably, a part of the radiating elements or groups of radiating elements in the sub-array is connected to a 4-bit digital phase shifter and the remaining part is connected to a 3-bit digital phase shifter.
Preferably, the horizontal distance of the radiating elements in the antenna radiating element array is in the range of 0.4-0.65 times of the wavelength of the central frequency of the working frequency band; the vertical distance of the radiation unit is in the range of 0.5-0.8 times of the wavelength of the central frequency of the working frequency band.
According to the analog beamforming scheme, the complexity of the Massive MIMO antenna array is reduced, the power consumption and the cost are reduced by reducing the number of bits or the total delay range of part of digital phase shifters, and an economic and practical solution is provided for large-scale deployment of 5G mobile communication systems.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are required in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly described, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings may be obtained according to the structures shown in these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of an array structure of a low-complexity analog beamforming antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is an antenna radiating element array layout of a sub-array in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a block diagram of a 4-bit digital phase shifter in one embodiment of the invention;
fig. 4 is a block diagram of a 3-bit digital phase shifter in one embodiment of the invention.
Description of the reference numerals:
101 denotes an antenna sub-array, 102 denotes a common channel, 103 denotes a digital domain beam forming network, 110 denotes a radiating element, 111 denotes a metal reflecting plate, 112 denotes an antenna radiating element array, 113 denotes a digital phase shifter, 114 denotes a power amplifier, 115 denotes a mixer, 116 denotes a digital-analog conversion module, 110-1 denotes a 1 st radiating element, 110-2 denotes a 2 nd radiating element, 110-3 denotes a 3 rd radiating element, 110-4 denotes a 4 th radiating element, 110-5 denotes a 5 th radiating element, 110-6 denotes a 6 th radiating element, 110-7 denotes a 7 th radiating element, 110-8 denotes a 8 th radiating element, 113-1 denotes a 4-bit digital phase shifter, 113-2 denotes a 3-bit digital phase shifter, 201 denotes a first phase shifting element, 202 denotes a second phase shifting element, 203 denotes a third phase shifting element, 204 denotes a fourth phase shifting element;
the achievement of the objects, functional features and advantages of the present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings, in conjunction with the embodiments.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and fully with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is evident that the embodiments described are only some, but not all embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
It should be noted that, if directional indications (such as up, down, left, right, front, and rear … …) are included in the embodiments of the present invention, the directional indications are merely used to explain the relative positional relationship, movement conditions, etc. between the components in a specific posture (as shown in the drawings), and if the specific posture is changed, the directional indications are correspondingly changed.
In addition, if there is a description of "first", "second", etc. in the embodiments of the present invention, the description of "first", "second", etc. is for descriptive purposes only and is not to be construed as indicating or implying a relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defining "a first" or "a second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature. In addition, the technical solutions of the embodiments may be combined with each other, but it is necessary to base that the technical solutions can be realized by those skilled in the art, and when the technical solutions are contradictory or cannot be realized, the combination of the technical solutions should be considered to be absent and not within the scope of protection claimed in the present invention.
The invention provides a low-complexity analog beam forming antenna array;
in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, taking a downlink of a base station as an example, as shown in fig. 1, a low-complexity analog beamforming antenna array includes M subarrays 101 with independent analog beamforming functions, M corresponding public channels 102 and a digital domain beamforming network 103; each of the sub-arrays includes a metal reflection plate 111, an antenna radiating element array 112, and a digital phase shifter 113; the digital phase shifter 113 is in the form of a phase shifter with a constant phase shift, and is directly disposed at the rear end of the antenna radiating element array 112.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the working frequency range of the digital phase shifter 113 is 3.3-5.0GHz, and the phase shift number is more than or equal to 3;
in the embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 1, the rf front ends of sub-arrays 101 are placed in a common channel 102, and each rf sub-channel only retains a digital phase shifter 113 and is connected to a radiation unit 110; the common channel 102 comprises a power amplifier 114, a mixer 115 and a digital to analog conversion module 116; one end of the common channel 102 is connected to the sub-array 101 and the other end is connected to the digital domain beam forming network 103.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the number M of subarrays 101 is greater than or equal to 2;
in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the antenna radiating element array 112 includes P rows and Q columns of radiating elements 110, where the number of rows P is greater than or equal to 2, the number of columns Q is greater than or equal to 2, and the preferred number of rows q=2, and the number of columns p=4, as shown in fig. 2, 110-1 to 110-8 respectively represent 8 radiating elements, and the operating frequency band of the radiating elements is 3.3-5.0GHz;
in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the radiating element 110 is a single polarized antenna element.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the digital phase shifter 113 is a modular phase shifter or a distributed phase shifter operating at radio frequency.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the horizontal distance of the radiation unit is 0.5 times of the wavelength of the center frequency of the working frequency band; the vertical distance is 0.75 times the wavelength of the center frequency of the operating band.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the digital phase shifter comprises two types, one is a 4-bit digital phase shifter and the other is a 3-bit digital phase shifter. The 4-bit digital phase shifter 113-1 includes four phase shifting units, as shown in fig. 3, the first phase shifting unit 201 includes 0 0 And 22.5 0 The second phase shift unit 202 includes 0 in two phase states 0 And 45 (V) 0 Two phase states, the third phase shift unit 203 comprises 0 0 And 90 0 Two phase states, the fourth phase shift element 204 includes 0 0 And 180 0 Two phase states. The 3-bit digital phase shifter 113-2 includes three phase shift units including a second phase shift unit 202, a third phase shift unit 203, and a fourth phase shift unit 204 as shown in fig. 4.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in the radiating element array of the sub-array shown in FIG. 2, the single-polarized vibrators with numbers 110-1, 110-4, 110-5, and 110-8 distributed on both sides are connected to the 3-bit digital phase shifter 113-1, and the single-polarized vibrators with numbers 110-2, 110-3, 110-6, and 110-7 distributed in the middle are connected to the 4-bit digital phase shifter 113-2. The embodiment of the invention can reduce the complexity of the digital phase shifter while maintaining the scanning angle range.
In another embodiment of the present invention, the 3-bit digital phase shifter 113-2 includes three kinds of phase shifting units, a first kind of phase shifting unit 201, a second kind of phase shifting unit 202 and a third kind of phase shifting unit 203. Similarly, in the radiating element array of the sub-array shown in FIG. 2, the single-polarized vibrators with numbers 110-1, 110-4, 110-5, and 110-8 distributed on both sides are connected to the 3-bit digital phase shifter 107-1, and the single-polarized vibrators with numbers 110-2, 110-3, 110-6, and 110-7 distributed in the middle are connected to the 4-bit digital phase shifter 113-2. The embodiment of the invention can reduce the complexity of the digital phase shifter while maintaining the precision of the scanning angle.
The foregoing description is only of the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, and all equivalent structural changes made by the description of the present invention and the accompanying drawings or direct/indirect application in other related technical fields are included in the scope of the invention.
Claims (8)
1. A low complexity analog beamforming antenna array comprising one or more sub-arrays with independent analog beamforming functions, each sub-array comprising a metal reflector, an antenna radiating element array and a digital phase shifter, said sub-arrays being connected to a radio frequency front end part located in a common channel, said radio frequency front end part comprising a PA, an LNA and a filter; each subarray is connected with one end of a corresponding public channel, the other end of the public channel is connected with a digital domain beam forming network, and the public channel at least comprises a power amplifier, a mixer and a digital-to-analog conversion module;
the digital phase shifter is a delay or a phase shifter, the phase offset of the delay is changed linearly along with the working frequency, and the phase offset of the phase shifter is constant in the working frequency band range;
the digital phase shifters in the subarray are constant phase shift phase shifters, the constant phase shift phase shifter comprises two kinds of 4-bit and 3-bit digital phase shifters, the 4-bit digital phase shifters are formed by cascading four kinds of phase shifter units, each phase shifter unit comprises two phase states, and each phase shifter unit can select one phase shift quantity through radio frequency switch control; the 3-bit digital phase shifter is formed by cascading three phase shifter units in the 4-bit digital phase shifter;
the radiating units or radiating unit groups in the subarray are connected with a 4-bit digital phase shifter in the middle part and connected with a 3-bit digital phase shifter in the two side parts;
the digital phase shifter is directly connected with a radiating element or a radiating element group in the antenna radiating element array, and at least one digital phase shifter has different digits for the subarray of which the digital phase shifter is a phase shifter; for a subarray in which the digital phase shifters are retarders, at least one digital phase shifter has a different total delay span.
2. The low complexity analog beamforming antenna array according to claim 1, wherein said radiating elements are dual polarized or single polarized antenna elements.
3. The low complexity analog beamforming antenna array according to claim 1, wherein each sub-array comprises a number of digital phase shifters less than or equal to the number of radiating elements.
4. The low complexity analog beamforming antenna array according to claim 1, wherein the antenna radiating element arrays of the sub-arrays are arranged in a horizontal and vertical two-dimensional arrangement, and the number of rows and columns is greater than or equal to 2.
5. The low complexity analog beamforming antenna array of claim 4, wherein the number of columns of antenna radiating element arrays of said sub-array is 4 and the number of rows is 2.
6. The low complexity analog beamforming antenna array of claim 5, wherein the 4-bit digital phase shifter consists of 0 0 /22.5 0 、0 0 /45 0 、0 0 /90 0 And 0 (0) 0 /180 0 Is formed by cascading four phase shifter units.
7. The low complexity analog beamforming antenna array of claim 6, wherein said 4-bit digital phase shifter, wherein 0 0 /22.5 0 The phase shifter element comprises 0 0 And 22.5 0 Two phase states, 0 0 /45 0 The phase shifter element comprises 0 0 And 45 (V) 0 Two phase states, 0 0 /90 0 The phase shifter element includes 0 0 And 90 0 Two phase states, 0 0 /180 0 The phase shifter element comprises 0 0 And 180 0 Two phase states.
8. The low complexity analog beamforming antenna array according to claim 4, wherein said sub-array antenna radiating element arrays have radiating element horizontal distances in the range of 0.4 to 0.65 times the center frequency wavelength of the operating band; the vertical distance of the radiation unit is in the range of 0.5-0.8 times of the wavelength of the central frequency of the working frequency band.
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810090680.9A CN108461932B (en) | 2018-01-30 | 2018-01-30 | Low-complexity analog beam forming antenna array |
| PCT/CN2018/075514 WO2019148512A1 (en) | 2018-01-30 | 2018-02-07 | Analog beamforming antenna array having low complexity |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201810090680.9A CN108461932B (en) | 2018-01-30 | 2018-01-30 | Low-complexity analog beam forming antenna array |
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| CN108461932A CN108461932A (en) | 2018-08-28 |
| CN108461932B true CN108461932B (en) | 2024-01-30 |
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Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109298669B (en) * | 2018-11-12 | 2020-12-04 | 北京航空航天大学 | A modular high-precision control system and method suitable for large-scale array beamforming |
| CN111224701B (en) * | 2018-11-27 | 2022-07-12 | 华为技术有限公司 | Beam forming device, method, device and equipment for controlling beam forming |
| CN111416643A (en) * | 2019-01-07 | 2020-07-14 | 中国移动通信有限公司研究院 | A beamforming architecture, method and base station |
| CN113675614A (en) * | 2021-08-20 | 2021-11-19 | 重庆两江卫星移动通信有限公司 | High-gain wide-angle scanning satellite-borne antenna based on luneberg lens framework |
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| CN1622491A (en) * | 2003-11-28 | 2005-06-01 | 华为技术有限公司 | Method and apparatus for implementing omnidirectional coverage of array antennas |
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