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CN108455972A - 一种调控直写成型用浆料成型性能的方法 - Google Patents

一种调控直写成型用浆料成型性能的方法 Download PDF

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CN108455972A
CN108455972A CN201810022862.2A CN201810022862A CN108455972A CN 108455972 A CN108455972 A CN 108455972A CN 201810022862 A CN201810022862 A CN 201810022862A CN 108455972 A CN108455972 A CN 108455972A
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王小锋
于凯
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Suzhou Bebo Electromechanical Technology Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明属于3D打印成型技术领域，公开了一种调控直写成型用浆料成型性能的方法，即首先采用制备陶瓷粉体浆料，然后再在该浆料中添加一种或多种疏水性相，最后获得改善成型性能的直写成型用浆料。本发明提出的调节直写成型用浆料成型性能的方法，简便、易控、适用范围广。

Description

一种调控直写成型用浆料成型性能的方法
技术领域
本发明属于3D打印成型技术领域，具体涉及一种调控直写成型用浆料成型性能的方法。
背景技术
直写成型技术（Direct Ink Writing）是一种新型的陶瓷材料3D打印成型技术【JA Lewis. Colloidal processing of ceramics. Journal of the American CeramicSociety, 2000, 83(10): 2341-2359.】。该技术具有成型工艺简单，操作易控制，材料成分可调节和便于成型三维复杂结构（如悬臂梁特征结构）等一系列优点。因此该技术已经提出就受到研究者们的广泛关注，已经应用于开发生物医用材料，光子晶体和超材料等材料和器件。
在直写成型技术的3D打印过程中，陶瓷浆料通过针嘴后形成线形流体，并沉积在打印平台上同时快速失去流动性。显然，该技术对浆料具有很高的流变性能要求。因此，研究者们通过改变浆料的pH【J E Smay, J Cesarano, J A Lewis. Colloidal inks fordirected assembly of 3-D periodic structures. Langmuir, 2002, 18(14): 5429-5437】，或者增加浆料的离子强度【Q Li, J A Lewis. Nanoparticle Inks for DirectedAssembly of Three-dimensional periodic structures. Advanced Materials, 2003,15(19): 1639-1643】，或者引入反聚电解质等各种方式来调节浆料的流变性能，使其满足直写成型的要求。但是通常情况下浆料的固含量均很高（＞ 40 vol%），这导致常常出现堵塞针嘴的情况。
实际上，从流体力学的角度而言，直写成型过程中浆料在针筒和针嘴内的流动过程本质上属于流层间以及流体与器壁间相互摩擦的过程。因此，改善摩擦即可改变流体（浆料）在针筒和针嘴内的流动，从而调控直写成型浆料的成型性能。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种调控直写成型用浆料成型性能的方法，改善浆料的直写成型过程中的流动层间摩擦以及流体（浆料）与器壁的摩擦，从而调控直写成型用浆料成型性能。
为实现上述目的，本发明提供如下技术方案：
本申请公开了一种调控直写成型用浆料成型性能的方法， 其包括如下步骤：
（1）将一定比例的水溶剂、陶瓷粉体和分散剂进行混合，制得合适的粘度和固含量的浆料；其中，粉体的固含量为0.01%~99%；分散剂的加入量为粉体质量的0.001%~10%；
（2）在上述水性陶瓷粉体浆料中添加疏水性相；其中，疏水性相占粉体重量的比例范围为0.001%~10%。
进一步地，所述步骤（1）中的所述粉体为氧化铝粉体、ZrO2粉体、AlN粉体中一种。
进一步地，所述步骤（1）中的所述分散剂为阴离子型分散剂、阳离子型分散剂中一种。
进一步地，所述步骤（2）中所述疏水性相为油性物质，所述油性物质粘度值低于500 Pa.s。
进一步地，所述步骤（2）中所述疏水性相为植物油、动物油、矿物油中一种或多种，植物油为蓖麻油、芝麻油、菜油、橄榄油中一种或多种，动物油为鱼肝油，矿物油为煤油、汽油、柴油和液体石蜡中一种或多种。
本申请还公开了一种用浆料直写成型的方法，其步骤如下：
（1）采用真空除气或离心的方式对上述所述调控直写成型用浆料进行除气处理，除气时间为10min~30min；
（2）在计算机的控制下，将装入直写成型设备的上述所述调控直写成型用浆料进行3D打印，控制范围为：压力范围为10~1000PSI；打印头移动速度为0.05~500mm/sec；成型温度为室温；成型湿度＞40%。
与现有技术相比，本发明突出之处在于采用在陶瓷粉体浆料中添加疏水性相，改善流体流动摩擦，从而调控直写成型用浆料成型性能的方法，其优点在于：
一、操作简便易控，本发明在陶瓷粉体浆料中添加疏水性相，只需控制添加顺序和添加量即可；
二、效果显著，采用本发明提出的浆料进行直写成型时，几乎不发生堵嘴等现象，改善了浆料的成型性能；
三、适用范围广，本发明不受陶瓷材料体系的限制，几乎可用改善所有水性陶瓷粉体浆料的直写成型性能。
具体实施方式
下面将对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行详细的描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动的前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
实施例1
采用蓖麻油改善ZrO2浆料的直写成型性能
（1）将聚丙烯酸钠（5g）和ZrO2粉体（210g，D50为1μm）加入到13mL去离子水中进行球磨15小时，然后再加入蓖麻油（10g），继续球磨20小时，获得ZrO2浆料。其中，磨球为500g的氧化锆球，球磨速度为100 rad/min。
（2）将获得的ZrO2浆料进行真空搅拌除气13min后，再进行直写成型，获得三维立体的木材堆积结构。温度控制为30℃左右，湿度控制为45%。直写成型压力为60PSI；打印头移动速度为12mm/sec。
实施例2
采用鱼肝油改善Si3N4浆料的成型性能
（1）先将聚乙烯亚胺（5g）和Si3N4粉体（520g，D50为11μm）、烧结助剂Y2O3（2.4g）与La2O3（3g）加入到50mL去离子水中进行球磨12小时，然后再加入疏水性相鱼肝油（5g），继续球磨12小时，获得Si3N4浆料。其中，磨球为600g的氧化锆球，球磨速度为200 rad/min。
（2）将获得的Si3N4浆料进行真空搅拌除气15min后，再进行直写成型，获得三维立体的木材堆积结构。温度控制为20℃左右，湿度控制为65%。直写成型压力为800PSI；打印头移动速度为10mm/sec。
实施例3
采用煤油改善Al2O3浆料的成型性能
（1）将聚丙烯酸铵（4g）和Al2O3粉体（310g，D50为1.2μm）、烧结助剂MgO（3.1g）加入到52mL去离子水中进行球磨20小时，然后再加入疏水性相煤油（3g），继续球磨12小时，获得Al2O3浆料。其中，磨球为350g的氧化铝球，球磨速度为100 rad/min。
（2）将获得的Al2O3浆料进行真空搅拌除气8min后，再进行直写成型，获得三维立体的木材堆积结构。温度控制为32℃左右，湿度控制为60%。直写成型压力为70PSI；打印头移动速度为20mm/sec。
实施例4
采用汽油改善ZrO2浆料的成型性能
（1）将聚马来酸（5g）和Y2O3稳定的ZrO2粉体（300g，D50为1μm）加入到15mL去离子水中进行球磨，然后再加入疏水性相汽油（5g），继续球磨15小时，获得ZrO2浆料。其中，磨球为400g的氧化锆球，球磨速度为300 rad/min。
（2）将获得的ZrO2浆料进行真空搅拌除气8min后，再进行直写成型，获得三维立体的木材堆积结构。温度控制为20℃左右，湿度控制为55%。直写成型压力为65PSI；打印头移动速度为31mm/sec。
实施例5
采用芝麻油改善Al2O3浆料的成型性能
（1）将聚乙烯磺酸钠（4g）和Al2O3粉体（220g，D50为1μm）、烧结助剂MgO（2.2g）加入到45mL去离子水中进行球磨12小时，然后再加入疏水性相芝麻油（3g），继续球磨6小时，获得Al2O3浆料。其中，磨球为300g的氧化铝球，球磨速度为140 rad/min。
（2）将获得的Al2O3浆料进行真空搅拌除气20min后，再进行直写成型，获得三维立体的木材堆积结构。温度控制为28℃左右，湿度控制为66%。直写成型压力为80PSI；打印头移动速度为12mm/sec。
实施例6
采用液体石蜡改善AlN浆料的直写成型性能
（1）将聚苯磺酸（6g）和AlN粉体（300g，D50为2.2μm）烧结助剂Y2O3（3.1g）与La2O3（2.2g）加入到40mL去离子水中进行球磨18小时，然后再加入油性物质液体石蜡（5g），继续球磨16小时，获得AlN浆料。其中，磨球为600g的氧化锆球，球磨速度为80 rad/min。
（2）将获得的AlN浆料进行真空搅拌除气25min后，再进行直写成型，获得三维立体的木材堆积结构。温度控制为32℃左右，湿度控制为72%。直写成型压力为100PSI；打印头移动速度为80mm/sec。
需要说明的是，在本文中，诸如术语“包括”、“包含”或者其任何其他变体意在涵盖非排他性的包含，从而使得包括一系列要素的过程、方法、物品或者设备不仅包括那些要素，而且还包括没有明确列出的其他要素，或者是还包括为这种过程、方法、物品或者设备所固有的要素。在没有更多限制的情况下，由语句“包括一个……”限定的要素，并不排除在包括所述要素的过程、方法、物品或者设备中还存在另外的相同要素。
以上所述仅是本申请的具体实施方式，应当指出，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本申请原理的前提下，还可以做出若干改进和润饰，这些改进和润饰也应视为本申请的保护范围。

Claims (6)

1.一种调控直写成型用浆料成型性能的方法，其特征在于，其包括如下步骤：
（1）将一定比例的水溶剂、陶瓷粉体和分散剂进行混合，制得合适的粘度和固含量的浆料；其中，粉体的固含量为0.01%~99%；分散剂的加入量为粉体质量的0.001%~10%；
（2）在上述水性陶瓷粉体浆料中添加疏水性相；其中，疏水性相占粉体重量的比例范围为0.001%~10%。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种调控直写成型用浆料成型性能的方法，其特征在于，所述步骤（1）中的所述粉体为氧化铝粉体、ZrO2粉体、AlN粉体中一种。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种调控直写成型用浆料成型性能的方法，其特征在于，所述步骤（1）中的所述分散剂为阴离子型分散剂、阳离子型分散剂中一种。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种调控直写成型用浆料成型性能的方法，其特征在于，所述步骤（2）中所述疏水性相为油性物质。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种调控直写成型用浆料成型性能的方法，其特征在于，所述步骤（2）中所述疏水性相为植物油、动物油、矿物油中一种或多种。
6.一种用浆料直写成型的方法，其特征在于，其步骤如下：
（1）采用真空除气或离心的方式对上述权利要求1-6任一所述调控直写成型用浆料进行除气处理，除气时间为10min~30min；
（2）在计算机的控制下，将装入直写成型设备的上述权利要求1-6任一所述调控直写成型用浆料进行3D打印，控制范围为：压力范围为10~1000PSI；打印头移动速度为0.05~500mm/sec；成型温度为室温；成型湿度＞40%。
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