CN1084519A - 制备7β位被取代的—氮杂-5α-雄甾烷-3-酮的新方法 - Google Patents
制备7β位被取代的—氮杂-5α-雄甾烷-3-酮的新方法 Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07J—STEROIDS
- C07J51/00—Normal steroids with unmodified cyclopenta(a)hydrophenanthrene skeleton not provided for in groups C07J1/00 - C07J43/00
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C59/00—Compounds having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms and containing any of the groups OH, O—metal, —CHO, keto, ether, groups, groups, or groups
- C07C59/40—Unsaturated compounds
- C07C59/76—Unsaturated compounds containing keto groups
- C07C59/80—Unsaturated compounds containing keto groups containing rings other than six-membered aromatic rings
- C07C59/82—Unsaturated compounds containing keto groups containing rings other than six-membered aromatic rings the keto group being part of a ring
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F7/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 4 or 14 of the Periodic Table
- C07F7/02—Silicon compounds
- C07F7/08—Compounds having one or more C—Si linkages
- C07F7/18—Compounds having one or more C—Si linkages as well as one or more C—O—Si linkages
- C07F7/1804—Compounds having Si-O-C linkages
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F7/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 4 or 14 of the Periodic Table
- C07F7/02—Silicon compounds
- C07F7/08—Compounds having one or more C—Si linkages
- C07F7/18—Compounds having one or more C—Si linkages as well as one or more C—O—Si linkages
- C07F7/1804—Compounds having Si-O-C linkages
- C07F7/1872—Preparation; Treatments not provided for in C07F7/20
- C07F7/1892—Preparation; Treatments not provided for in C07F7/20 by reactions not provided for in C07F7/1876 - C07F7/1888
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07J—STEROIDS
- C07J1/00—Normal steroids containing carbon, hydrogen, halogen or oxygen, not substituted in position 17 beta by a carbon atom, e.g. estrane, androstane
- C07J1/0003—Androstane derivatives
- C07J1/0018—Androstane derivatives substituted in position 17 beta, not substituted in position 17 alfa
- C07J1/0022—Androstane derivatives substituted in position 17 beta, not substituted in position 17 alfa the substituent being an OH group free esterified or etherified
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07J—STEROIDS
- C07J73/00—Steroids in which the cyclopenta[a]hydrophenanthrene skeleton has been modified by substitution of one or two carbon atoms by hetero atoms
- C07J73/001—Steroids in which the cyclopenta[a]hydrophenanthrene skeleton has been modified by substitution of one or two carbon atoms by hetero atoms by one hetero atom
- C07J73/005—Steroids in which the cyclopenta[a]hydrophenanthrene skeleton has been modified by substitution of one or two carbon atoms by hetero atoms by one hetero atom by nitrogen as hetero atom
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07J—STEROIDS
- C07J9/00—Normal steroids containing carbon, hydrogen, halogen or oxygen substituted in position 17 beta by a chain of more than two carbon atoms, e.g. cholane, cholestane, coprostane
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Abstract
本发明描述了一种制备作为5α—还原酶抑制剂
的7β位被取代的-4-氮杂-5α-雄甾烷-3-酮及其相
关化合物的新方法。
Description
本发明涉及一种制备7β位被取代的-4-氮杂-5α-雄甾烷-3-酮和有关化合物的方法,以及这类化合物作为5α-还原酶抑制剂的应用。
现有技术已经揭示,由代谢系统中睾酮或类似的雄性激素过度积聚所致的雄性激素过多性刺激作用会引起一些令人不快的生理表现,例如寻常痤疮、脂溢性皮炎、女性多毛症、男性脱发和良性前列腺增生。为提供一种对抗雄性激素过多之不良结果的化疗剂所进行的早期尝试导致发现了数种本身就具有不良的激素活性的甾族抗雄性激素。例如,雌激素不仅有抗雄性激素的作用,而且还有雌性化作用。人们还发展了非甾族抗雄性激素,例如,4′-硝基-3′-三氟甲基-异丁酰苯胺(参见Neri,et al.,Endo,Vol.91,No.2(1972))。然而,这些非甾族抗雄性激素化合物虽然无激素作用,但它们有外周活性,能与天然雄性激素竞争受体结合位点,因此有使雄性受药者或雌性受药者的雄性胎儿雌性化的趋向。
现有技术已经了解到某些靶器官中雄性激素活性的主要介体是5α-二氢睾酮,并且它是通过睾酮-5α-还原酶的作用在靶器官局部产生的。另外已知可用睾酮-5α-还原酶抑制剂可以或减轻高雄性激素刺激作用导致的症状。
现有技术已知许多4-氮杂甾族化合物可用作5α-还原酶抑制剂。例如,下列专利和文献即描述了据说可用于治疗DHT相关之雄性激素过多病理状况的4-氮杂-17β位取代的-5α-雄甾烷-3-酮(Rasmusson,et al.,U.S.Patent Nos.4,377,584、4,220,775、4,859,681、4,760,071、以及J.Med.Chem.27,1690-1701(1984)和J.Med.Chem.29,2998-2315(1986);Carlin,et,al.,U.S.Patent 4,845,104;Cainelli,et al.,U.S.Patent 4,732,897)。
尽管现有技术提示雄性激素过多性疾病是由单一的5α-还原酶引起的,但也有在大鼠和人体中存在其他5α-还原酶同工酶的报导。例如,Bruchovsky等人(参见J.Clin.Endocrinol.Metab.67,806-816,1988)和Hudson(参见J.Steroid Biochem 26,349-353,1987)在人前列腺的基质部和上皮部发现了不同的5α-还原酶活性。另外,Moore和Wilson描述了两种在PH5.5或PH7-9条件下有活性高峰的性质截然不同的人的还原酶(参见J.Biol.Chem.251,19,5895-5900,1976)。
近来,Andersson和Russell分离了编码大鼠肝5α-还原酶的cDNA(J.Biol.Chem 264,16249-55(1989))。他们发现了一种编码大鼠肝脏和前列腺还原酶的单链mRNA。该大鼠基因的序列后来被用于选择编码被称为“5α-还原酶1”之5α-还原酶的人前列腺cDNA(Proc.Nat′1.Acad.Sci.87,3640-3644,1990)。
最近,已从人前列腺中克隆出来更丰富的第二种还原酶(5α-还原酶2),这种还原酶与在人前列腺粗提物发现的还原酶具有同样的特性(Nature,354,159-161,1991)。
另外,Jean O.Wilson在“雄性激素抗性综合症”一文(The Biology of Reproduction,Vol.46,p.168-173(1992))中进一步地指出5α-还原酶1可能与头发毛囊有关。
因此,现有技术支持人类存在有至少两种5α-还原酶基团和两种有实质上不同的5α-还原酶之同工酶的观点。两种形式的还原酶均存在于前列腺组织中,其中5α-还原酶2含量更丰富,而另一种同工酶即5α-还原酶1则被认为在头皮组织中含量更高。
在治疗雄性激素过多性疾病例如良性前列腺增生(BPH)时,期望用一种对前列腺中还原酶1和2均有活性的药物以便在很大程度上抑制二氢睾酮(DHT)的产生。另外,期待用一种能高选择性地抑制与头皮相关的5α-还原酶1的药物来治疗皮肤和头皮疾病,例如痤疮和脱发。后一种药物也可与高选择性作用于前列腺5α-还原酶2的PROSCAR
(finasteride)联合用于治疗BPH。
人们仍在继续探索更为有效、更能被环境所接受的制备对α还原酶1和2均有活性的7β取代的雄甾烷-3-酮的新方法。
本发明公开了一种制备7β位被取代的4-氮杂-5α-雄甾烷-3-酮化合物的新方法,所说的化合物可用于抑制5α-还原酶同工酶1和2,并且对选择性抑制与头皮相关的5α-还原酶-1特别有效,它在口服、肠道外或局部给药治疗良性前列腺增生、痤疮、女性多毛症、男性脱发、雄性激素性脱发和前列腺炎时,以及预防和治疗前列腺癌时,能双重抑制同工酶1和2。
根据本发明,提供了包括下述步骤的制备方法:
a)使化合物Ⅳ
与溶于一种惰性有机溶剂中的由金属锂和液态氨组成的还系统接触,在范围为-45℃至-78℃的温度下反应足够时间,以立体选择性地产生7β-化合物Ⅴ:
其中化合物Ⅳ中Alk是C1-C4烷基、烯丙基和C3-C6环烷基,且A是在该反应条件下呈惰性的取代基。
本发明进一步提供了制备方法中的下述步骤:
b)使化合物Ⅴ与溶于惰性有机溶剂中的双键异构剂接触,在范围为40至65℃的温度下反应足够时间(Ⅴ中的基团A在该反应条件下呈惰性),以制备异构化的化合物Ⅵ:
本发明还提供了制备方法中的下述步骤:
c)使化合物Ⅵ与溶于惰性溶剂中的氧化剂接触,在范围为23至80℃的温度下反应足够时间(Ⅵ中的基团A在该反应条件下呈惰性),以制备开环酸Ⅶ:
另外,本发明提供了下述步骤:
d)使开环酸Ⅶ与溶于惰性溶剂中的具有通式R-NH2的胺-其中R为H、C1-C4烷基、苄基或烯丙基-接触,在范围为100至200℃的温度下反应(开环酸Ⅶ中的A在该反应条件下呈惰性),以生成4-氮杂-类固醇Ⅷ:
本发明还提供了制备方法中的下述步骤:
e)使Ⅷ与溶于惰性有机溶剂中的铂催化剂接触,在室温下反应足够时间(Ⅷ中A该反应条件下为惰性),以形成7-Alk-4-氮杂类固醇Ⅶ:
在制备方法的特定实施方案中,Alk是甲基;还原系统由金属锂和液态氨组成;制备过程是在-78℃至-45℃的温度范围内完成的。
本发明提供的总体制备方法包括下述步骤:
a)使化合物Ⅳ:
与溶于惰性有机溶剂中的由金属锂和液态氨组成的还原系统接触,在范围为约-45℃至-78℃的温度下反应足够时间,以立体选择性地产生7β-化合物Ⅴ:
其中化合物Ⅳ中的Alk是C1-C4烷基、烯丙基和C3-C6环烷基,A是在反应条件下呈惰性的取代基。
b)使化合物Ⅴ与溶于惰性有机溶剂中的双键异构剂接触,在范围为40至65℃的温度下反应足够时间(Ⅴ中基团A在该反应条件下呈惰性),以产生异构化的化合物Ⅵ:
c)使化合物Ⅵ与溶于惰性溶剂中的氧化剂接触,在范围为23至80℃的温度下反应足够的时间(Ⅵ中的基团A在该反应条件下呈惰性),以制备开环酸Ⅶ:
d)使开环酸Ⅶ与熔于惰性溶剂中的具有通式R-NH2的胺(其中R为H、C1-C4烷基、苄基或烯丙基)接触,在范围为100至200℃的温度下反应(开环酸Ⅶ中的基团A在该反应条件下呈惰性)以生成4-氮杂-类固醇Ⅷ:
e)使Ⅷ与溶于惰性有机溶剂中的铂催化剂接触,在室温下反应足够时间(Ⅷ中的A在该反应条件下呈惰性),以生成7-Alk-4-氮杂类固醇Ⅶ:
本文中术语“C1-C4烷基”包括如甲基、乙基、丙基、异丙基、正丁基、仲丁基、异丁基和叔丁基。
本文中术语“C3-C4环烷基”包括环丙基、环丁基、环戊基、环己基。
本发明的制备方法由下面的流程来说明。
7-β烷基-17-A系列
本发明制备的化合物也包含7β烷基基团,如甲基、乙基、异丙基、叔丁基和烯丙基,其中A在下文中定义,这些化合物可以由总流程图中概要说明的制备方法制备。
本文中,作为通式中7β取代基的术语“Alk”是指C1-C4直链或支链烷基,如甲基、乙基、丙基、异丙基、正丁基、仲丁基、异丁基、叔丁基和环烷基。
“Alk”取代基一般地可以通过有机金属羰基加成反应如Grignard反应,导入至4-氮杂类固醇的B环上。在此Grignard反应中,7-羰基基团可以与含有作为RMgX中R基团之“Alk”的Grignard试剂反应。也可以在制备过程应用本领域已知的,用锂和锌的有机金属试剂进行的羰基加成反应。
术语“A”是指17-取代基,该取代基可以是任何取代基,且最好是在下示总流程图中的各反应步骤之特定反应条件下呈惰性而且无干扰性的取代基。
A基团也可以是在所指的反应中没有变化,而在此反应后才被去除的被保护羟基或被保护氨基,或者,如果A基团不干扰所指出的反应,它也可在一特定反应步骤中被去除。例如,当A为17-O-TBDMS,即叔丁基-二甲基甲硅烷氧基时,可在例如开环酸Ⅶ成为4-氮杂类固醇Ⅷ的闭环步骤中除去甲硅烷保护基团,以使以下的步骤能在17-OH上进行。而且,起始A基团还可以是最终成为所希望的A基团的前体,并可在某一个反应步骤中同时并可被转化。例如,当A含有双键时,如豆甾醇类似物,17-铡链中的双键可以由Ⅵ至Ⅶ的开环酸形成过程中被氧化。
17-A基团的有代表性的例子包括H、被保护的羟基如二甲基-叔丁基甲硅烷氧基、羟基、被保护的氨基如乙酰氨基、氨基、C1-C10烷基如甲基、乙基、6-甲基-庚-2-基(胆甾烷基17-侧链)、豆甾醇侧链、芳香基取代的C1-C10烷基如ω-苯丙基、杂芳基取代的C1-C10烷基如ω-(4-吡啶基)-丁基、羧酸酯如甲酯基、羧酰胺如N,N-二异丙基羧酰胺、羧酸、氨基甲酸酯如叔丁基羰基胺尿素如正-叔-丁基羰基-氨基、醚类如正丁氧基-等。
制备过程的起始物一般是本领域专业人员熟知和可得到的3-乙酸基-甾雄-5-烯。
由使用通式(其中A如上文中所述)的流程图可以看出,起始物3-乙酸基-雄甾-5-烯-17-AI在回流加热条件下,用溶于如乙腈中的如叔丁基过氧化氢(hydrogen t-tutyl Peroxide和六羰基铬处理,可被氧化成相应的5-烯-7-酮Ⅱ。其它可应用的溶剂包括丙腈、丁腈。反应的温度一般在40至85℃的范围内,反应在干燥的条件下进行,而且,一般需要24小时完成。
Alk基团如甲基、乙基、烯丙基和苯基可以借助于有机金属羰基加成反应在该位点被引入,例如在0-23℃条件下,应用如溶于无水THF的甲基、烯丙基或环烷基氯化镁的Grignard反应,以产生7-Alk-7-羟基加合物Ⅲ。Grignard反应条件为常规的并包括应用甲基氯化镁、乙基溴化镁、烯丙基氯化镁和环丙基溴化镁等。所使用的其它无水溶剂包括二乙醚、二甲氧基乙烷、二-正丁醚。反应是在干燥条件下进行的,温度一般为0至40℃,一般反应需约6至24小时完成。也可以应用其它的有机金属羰基加成反应。
然后用在例如回流加热之甲苯溶剂中的如异丙氧化铝和环己酮(Oppenauer氧化条件)氧化加合物Ⅲ,生成7-烷基-4,6-二烯-3-酮Ⅳ。其它可应用的试剂为乙氧化铝或叔丁氧化铝。其它可应用的溶剂为甲基·乙基酮和二甲苯。温度一般为60℃至120℃,反应是在无水的条件下进行的,而且,一般需要约2至24小时完成。
下一步骤为关键步骤,该步骤中于-78℃条件下,Grignard加合物Ⅳ被金属锂、液态氨、THF和甲苯还原,立体选择性地生成7-β-烷基-5-烯-3-酮Ⅴ。在还原中可应用的其它金属有钠、钾和钙。其它可应用的胺为甲胺和乙胺。可应用的其它溶剂有正丁基醚和二甲氧基乙烷。反应一般在无水的条件下和23至-78℃的温度下进行,并且需要约2至10小时完成。
在下一步骤中,可应用溶于如回流加热的四氢呋喃(THF)中的DBU(1,8-二氮杂双环[5,4,0]十一-7-烯),使δ-5双键异构成为4-烯Ⅵ,以产生7-烷基-4-烯-3-酮。可应用的其它异构剂包括二异丙基乙胺和DBN(Aldrich),即1,5-二氮杂双环[4,3,0]壬-5-烯。可应用的其它溶剂包括甲苯、二甲醚。反应一般在干燥条件下和40至65℃的温度下进行,并且一般需要1至2小时完成。
可在80℃条件下用溶于如叔丁醇的如高锰酸钾、高碘酸钠进行处理,使A环继而断开,以产生相应的开环酸Ⅶ。可应用的其它氧化剂包括四氧化钌和臭氧。可应用的其它溶剂是CH3CN、CCl4、MeOH和CH2Cl2。反应一般需要约2至4小时完成。
在180℃条件下用溶于乙二醇的适当的胺如盐酸甲胺和乙酸钠处理开环酸,以产生如4-甲基-4-氮杂-雄甾-5-烯-3-酮Ⅷ。可应用的其它胺有乙胺、乙酸胺、取代的苄胺如4-甲氧基苄胺等。反应中可应用的其它溶剂包括乙酸和二甲苯。反应一般在温度为100至200℃的条件下进行,并且需要约2至8小时完成。
再用如Pt等对结构Ⅷ进行催化氢化,以还原5-δ双键并产生5α-氢化合物Ⅸ。用于还原的溶剂一般为乙酸,但EtOH也是有用的。该氢化反应的催化剂还包括Pd/C和贵金属(如镍)。氢化反应通常在室温和氢气压力为40至2000磅/平方英寸的条件下,在振荡的氢化装置中进行的,并且一般需要约1至24小时完成。
开环酸Ⅶ可用由乙酸铵产生的氨进行相似处理,以制备相应的N-H化合物Ⅹ,然后可在有氢的环境中,用催化性的Pt以上述相似方法处理该化合物,以产生相应的5α-4N-H化合物Ⅺ。
在这一系列反应中,在可取代类固醇B环上7-取代基的各反应条件下,17-A基团应是惰性的或无干扰性的。
7-β烷基-17-氧雄甾烷
在如17-A为羟基或被保护的羟基时,本发明的制备方法也是适用的。可通过流程图A和B所示的步骤,引入合适的7β烷基基团(如甲基、乙基和异丙基)。
如流程图A所示,在-10℃的条件下,使3-乙氧基-雄甾-5-烯-17-酮1与溶于适当溶剂如乙醇中的氢硼化钠反应,以立体特异性地使17-酮还原成17β-醇2。在有质子受体(如咪唑)存在和室温的条件下,使溶于合适溶剂(如DMF)中的2与氯化TBS反应,可以使用TBS基团(叔-丁基二甲基甲硅烷基)保护17-羟基基团,从而制得3。
在羟基保护后,于加热回流条件下,通过用溶于如乙腈的叔-丁基过氧化氢和六羰基铬处理该化合物,使之在7位上氧化,以生成相应的5-烯-7-酮4。在0至10℃的条件下,如用溶于无水THF的甲基氯化镁的Grignard反应,可将烷基如甲基加至该位点上,以制备7-甲基-7-甲基-7-羟基加合物5。然后使该Grignard产物被溶于回流加热的甲苯溶剂中的异丙基氧化铝和环己酮(Opppenauer氧化条件)氧化,生成7-甲基-4,6-二烯-3-酮6。在-78℃条件下,该化合物再被溶于液氨、THF和甲苯的金属锂还原,以选择性地产生7-β-甲基-5-烯-3-酮7。在下一步中,借助应用溶于回流加热之四氢呋喃中的DBU(1,8-二氮杂双环[5,4,0]十一-7-烯),使δ-5双键异构化,以生成4-烯-3-酮8。在80℃条件下,用溶于叔丁醇中的高锰酸钾,高碘酸钠进行处理,使A环断开,生成相应的开环酸9。在180℃条件下,用溶于乙二醇中的合适的胺如盐酸甲胺和乙酸钠处理开环酸9,生成4-氮杂-雄甾-5-烯-3-酮10。TBS护基团可在0℃条件下,用溶于乙腈中的含水HF加以去除,以生成17-β醇11。该化合物又被选择性地还原,以除去5-δ-双键而产生5α-氢化合物12。
7-β-乙基-胆甾烷类似物
如流程图C和D所示,可以通过总流程图A和B中所描述的类似方法,将7-乙基取代基引入胆甾烷系列中。
起始物胆甾烯乙酸酯CA可以从商业途径获得(Aldrich)。将该化合物用类似的六羰基铬/叔丁基过氧化氢/乙腈氧化方法(见A.J.Pearson,JCS Perkin Trans.1985,P.267)处理,制备3-乙酸基-胆甾-5-烯-7-酮1a。可用烷基Grignard试剂如乙基氯化镁处理该化合物,生成加合物2a。此化合物在Oppenauer条件下可被氧化生成二烯酮3a,继而又可发生金属-氨还原反应,生成7β-乙基-5-烯-3-酮4a。4a又可用DBU异构化而生成4-烯-3-酮5a,继而被氧化开A环,生成开环酸6a。而6a用胺(如甲胺)处理后,生成A环关闭的4-甲基-4-氮杂化合物7a,该化合物再被催化氢化,生成7-乙基-5α-4-甲基-4-氮杂-胆甾烷-3-酮,8a。
相似地,可用乙酸铵/乙酸处理开环酸6a生成相应的4-NH类似物9a,该化合物可再被催化氢化而生成7-β-乙基-5α-4-氮杂-胆甾烷-3-酮,10a。
可采用适宜的类似方法,将上文定义的7-取代基加至任何限定17-A基团的化合物中。
下面的实施例用作说明本发明有代表性的实施方案,但不应被理解为限制本发明的范围或实质。
所引用的Rf值是在标准薄层层析硅胶板上做出的。所用的洗脱溶剂系统在Rf值后的括号中给出。
质谱值是作为FAB(即快速原子轰击)和(M+1)分子离子峰(即分子量+1个原子质量单位)给出和报告的。电子冲击质谱值是以分子离子峰报告的,并且以(M)或(M+2),即分子量(MW)或MW+2个原子质量单位的形式示于括号内。
核磁共振数据是在CDCl3中400MHz时测得的数据,每一化合物的独特质子值制表置于实施例的未尾。偶合常数J以Hertz(Hz)单位的形式示出。
实施例1
3-乙氧基-雄甾-5-烯-17-醇(2)的合成
在-10℃条件下,将22.9mg(0.606mmol)氢硼化钠不断搅动地加入溶有100mg(0.303mmol)3-乙氧基-雄甾-5-烯-17-酮1的3ml EtOH溶液中。在反应混合物被搅拌1个半小时后,用10ml水稀释混合物,于真空条件下除去乙醇溶剂,并用乙酸乙酯抽提残余物。用Na2CO3水溶液、盐水洗有机层,用硫酸钠干燥,并浓缩制成标题所说的化合物2的粗制残留物。质子NMR证实了所指的结构。
实施例2
3-乙氧基-雄-5-烯-17-醇、17-叔丁基-二甲基甲硅烷基醚(3)的合成
在23℃条件下,先后将2.76g(40.65mmol)咪唑和3.063g(20.32mmol)叔丁基二甲基甲硅烷基氯化物加入溶有实施例1所得的4.5g(13.55mmol)胆甾烷-17-醇2的50ml二甲基甲酰胺溶液中。搅拌反应混合物,并有固状沉淀开始析出。另加20mlDMF,并将混合物进一步搅拌过夜。将混合物倾入1升水中,滤出固形物并以水冲洗。然后将固状物溶解于乙酸乙酯中,用盐水洗有机层并通过硫酸钠干燥,浓缩后产生了被甲硅烷基保护的标题7-醇化合物3。质子NMR证实了所指的结构。
实施例3
3-乙氧基-雄甾-5-烯-7-酮-17β-醇,17-叔丁基-二甲基甲硅烷基醚(4)的合成
在23℃条件下,将3.958(43.92mmol)90%叔丁基过氧化氢和138mg六羰基铬加入溶有实施例2所制得的5.6g(12.55mmol)被TBMS保护的17-醇3的100ml乙腈溶液中。反应混合物在氮气环境下回流加热24小时后,倾入1升水中,滤出固状物,残渣以500ml水冲洗后溶解于350ml二氯甲烷中。用盐水洗有机层,有机层用过硫酸钠干燥并浓缩得到粗制品。薄层层析(在硅胶上进行,3∶1己烷/乙酸乙酯)表明有起始原料存在。固态物用层析柱在硅胶上进行纯化,用7%乙酸乙酯/己烷洗脱后得到标题化合物4。质子NMR证实了所指结构。
实施例4
3,7-二羟基-7-甲基-雄甾-5-烯-17β-醇,17-TMBS醚(5)的合成
在0℃条件下,在5至10分钟内将甲基氯化镁逐滴加入溶有实施例3所得的440mg(0.956mmol)产物4的无水四氢呋喃溶液中。然后在室温下将反应混合物搅拌24小时,继而倾入饱和的氯化铵水溶液中。在真空条件下去除THF溶剂,用乙酸乙酯抽提水相。用盐水洗有机层,然后将有机层干燥,浓缩后得到粗产物。质子NMR证实了标题化合物5的结构,该化合物在下一步的应用中未作进一步纯化。
实施例5
7-甲基-雄甾-4,6-二烯-3-酮-17醇、17-叔丁基二甲基甲硅烷基醚(6)的合成
将3.5g(7.142mmol)上述Grignard产物5溶解于50ml甲苯/50ml环己酮中,在真空条件下蒸馏掉20ml溶剂。然后加入4.54g异丙氧化铝,并将反应混合物回流过夜15小时。冷却混合物,用乙酸乙酯稀释,用酒石酸钠钾、盐水洗,在真空下浓缩有机层并用蒸汽蒸馏残留物。剩余物以乙酸乙酯抽提,用盐水洗,干燥后用硅胶层析柱(洗脱液为5%EtOAc/己烷)纯化,以得到标题化合物6。
实施例6
7β-甲基-雄甾-5-烯-3-酮-17-醇、叔丁基二甲基甲硅烷基醚(7)的合成
将50mg小片状的金属锂加入由实施例5制得的370mg化合物6溶于5.5ml氨水、1ml THF和1ml甲苯中所形成的溶液中。搅拌该蓝色溶液2小时后,再加入溶于2ml THF的1,2-二溴乙烷溶液。在-78℃搅拌该溶液10分钟后,再加入250mg氯化铵,并将混合物搅拌10分钟。多余的氨水在氮气流下蒸发去除。以盐水稀释混合物,并用乙酸乙酯抽提。在机层以盐水洗涤,干燥并浓缩后得到实施例7中所用的粗制品7。
实施例7
7β-甲基-雄甾-4-烯-3-酮-17-醇,叔丁基二甲基甲硅烷基醚(8)的合成
在氮气条件下,将150微升DBU(1,8-二氮杂双环[5.4.0]十一-7-烯)加入含有432mg得自实施例6的化合物7的4ml THF溶液中,并不断搅拌。将混合物加热回流1.5小时,然后冷却,用NH4Cl溶液稀释。在真空条件下去除溶剂THF,用乙酸乙酯抽提残余物。以盐水洗有机层,干燥后在减压下浓缩有机层,制得粗制品。使用硅胶层析法(洗脱液为10% EtOAc/己烷)纯化标题产物8。
实施例8
17β-(叔丁基二甲基甲硅烷氧基)-7β-甲基-5-氧代-A-去甲-3,5-开环雄甾-3-烷酸(9)的合成
在80℃条件下,将溶于1.5ml水中的248mg碳酸钠加至溶有884mg化合物8的15ml叔丁醇溶液中,然后再在15-20分钟内逐滴加入溶于8ml水中的2.273克高碘酸钠与16.8mg高锰酸钾的混合物。将反应混合物加热至80℃2小时,然后冷却、过滤,用水洗残余物并在真空条件下浓缩该提取物。用盐酸水溶液酸化并用乙酸乙酯抽提该提取物,然后用NaHSO3水溶液、盐水洗有机层,干燥并浓缩后得到粗制品9。质子NMR证实了所指的结构。
实施例9
4,7-二甲基-4-氮杂-雄甾-5-烯-3-酮-17醇、叔丁基二甲基甲硅烷基醚(10)的合成
将1.5g乙酸钠和737mg盐酸甲胺加入溶有840mg化合物9的5ml 1,2-乙二醇溶液中。在180℃下搅拌混合物4小时后,冷却并用水稀释该混合物,用乙酸乙酯抽提,干燥并浓缩后制成标题化合物10的粗制品。质子NMR证实所指的结构。
实施例10
4,7-二甲基-4-氮杂-雄甾-5-烯-3-酮-17-醇(11)的合成
在0℃条件下,将500微升HF水溶液加入溶有700mg实施例9制得的化合物10的20ml乙腈溶液中。将反应混合物搅拌1小时后,用碳酸钠水溶液中和HF,用水稀释,然后在真空条件下去除乙腈并用乙酸乙酯抽提残余物。干燥并浓缩有机层,得到标题化合物11的粗制品,该化合物在硅胶上以制备性层析法(用3∶1氯仿/丙酮洗脱)进一步纯化。
实施例11
4,7-二甲基-4-氮杂-雄甾烷-3-酮-17醇(12)的合成
将100mg催化性二氧化铂加入溶有350mg实施例10制得的化合物11的10ml乙酸溶液中。将所得混合物抽空并用氢气冲洗。反应是在室温和40磅/平方英寸的氢气压力下振摇过夜完成的。过滤并浓缩该溶液得到残留物。用乙酸乙酯重新溶解残余物,然后在真空下浓缩有机层,用乙酸乙酯再稀释后以NaHCO3水溶液、盐水洗涤,然后干燥并浓缩即得到标题化合物12。
质谱:320(M+1)。
下表列出了各化合物的独特质子NMR值(400MHz,在CDCl3中)。数据报告为:s=单峰,d=双重峰,m=多重峰,j=偶合常数。吸收值以del(δ)单位表示,并且用以说明C-18、C-19和C-21角环甲基质子以及与分子的独特部分相关的质子。
类固醇位次的编排在下图中示出:
NMR数据
化合物序号 C-18 CH3C-19 CH3其他
2 0.72 1.02 3 OAc,3H,s,2.02
17H,1H,t,3.65,
J=8.5
3 0.70 1.02 3 OAc,3H,s,2.02
17H,1H,t,3.55,
J=8.5
4 0.72 1.21 3 OAc,3H,s,2.04
17H,1H,t,3.55
J=8.5
5 0.72 0.95 7 Me,3H,s,1.12
1.20 1.21
17H,1H,m,3.55
6 0.80 1.08 7 Me,3H,s,1.9
6H,1H,s,5.68
4H,1H,s,5.92
7 0.72 1.12 7 Me,3H,d,0.96
J=6.6
6H,1H,m,5.08
8 0.72 1.17 7 Me,3H,d,1.03
J=6.5
4H,1H,s,5.68
化合物序号 C-18 CH3C-19 CH3其他
9 0.72 1.04 7 Me,3H,d,0.95
J=6.5
10 0.72 1.02 7 Me,3H,d,1.04
J=6.5
6H,1H,d,4.78
J=3
11 0.78 1.02 7 Me,3H,d,1.06,
J=6.5
6H,1H,d,4.79,
J=3
12 0.74 0.86 7 Me,3H,d,1.02,
J=6.5
5H,1H,dd,3.10
J=4.5
J=13.5
8a 0.690 0.830 21-CH3,d,0.900
J=7
N-CH3,s,2.93
10a 0.675 0.808 21-CH3,d,0.893
J=7
5H,m,2.97-3.13
Claims (9)
2、权利要求1的制备方法进一步包括下述步骤:
b)使化合物Ⅴ与溶于惰性有机溶剂中的双键异构剂接触,在范围为40°至65℃的温度下反应足够时间,以生成异构化的化合物Ⅵ,其中Ⅴ中的基团A在该反应条件下呈惰性。
4、权利要求3的制备方法进一步包括下述步骤:
d)使开环酸Ⅶ与溶于惰性溶剂中的,具有通式R-NH2的胺-其中R为H、C1-C4烷基、苄基或烯丙基-接触,在范围为100至200℃的温度下反应以生成4-氮杂-类固醇Ⅷ,其中开环酸Ⅶ中的A在该反应条件下呈惰性。
6、权利要求1的制备方法,其中AIK为甲基。
7、权利要求1的制备方法,其中还原系统包括金属锂和液态氨。
8、权利要求1的制备方法,其中温度范围为-78℃至-45℃。
9、权利要求1的制备方法包括下述步骤:
a)使化合物Ⅳ:
与溶于惰性有机溶剂中的,由金属锂和液态氨组成的还原系统接触,在范围为约-45℃至-78℃的温度下反应足够时间,以立体选择性地产生7β-化合物Ⅴ:
化合物Ⅳ中AIK为C1-C4烷基、烯丙基和C3-C6环烷基,A是在该反应条件下呈惰性的取代基。
b)使化合物Ⅴ与溶于惰性有机溶剂中的双键异构剂接触,在范围为40°至65℃的温度下反应足够时间,以生成异构化的化合物Ⅵ,其中Ⅴ中的基团A在该反应条件下呈惰性。
c)使化合物Ⅵ与溶于惰性溶剂中的氧化剂接触,在范围为23°至80℃的温度下反应足够时间,以生成开环酸Ⅶ,其中Ⅵ中的基团A在该反应条件下呈惰性。
d)使开环酸Ⅶ与溶于惰性溶剂中的,具有通式R-NH2的胺-其中R为H、C1-C4烷基、苄基或烯丙基-接触,在范围为100至200℃的温度下反应以生成4-氮杂-类固醇Ⅷ,其中开环酸Ⅶ中的A在该反应条件下呈惰性。
e)使Ⅷ与溶于惰性有机溶剂中的铂催化剂接触,在室温下反应足够时间以生成7-AIK-4-杂类固醇Ⅶ,其中Ⅷ中的A在该反应条件下呈惰性。
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US07/886,049 US5237064A (en) | 1992-05-20 | 1992-05-20 | Process for producing 7β-substituted-aza-5αandrostan-3-ones |
US886,049 | 1992-05-20 |
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CN (1) | CN1084519A (zh) |
AU (1) | AU4243993A (zh) |
CZ (1) | CZ283794A3 (zh) |
FI (1) | FI945441A (zh) |
HU (1) | HUT68232A (zh) |
RO (1) | RO112427B1 (zh) |
RU (1) | RU2114117C1 (zh) |
SK (1) | SK137894A3 (zh) |
TW (1) | TW234129B (zh) |
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-
1992
- 1992-05-20 US US07/886,049 patent/US5237064A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1993
- 1993-05-11 US US08/335,791 patent/US5578726A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1993-05-11 WO PCT/US1993/004443 patent/WO1993023376A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1993-05-11 CZ CZ942837A patent/CZ283794A3/cs unknown
- 1993-05-11 SK SK1378-94A patent/SK137894A3/sk unknown
- 1993-05-11 RU RU94046041A patent/RU2114117C1/ru active
- 1993-05-11 HU HU9403313A patent/HUT68232A/hu unknown
- 1993-05-11 AU AU42439/93A patent/AU4243993A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1993-05-11 RO RO94-01868A patent/RO112427B1/ro unknown
- 1993-05-15 TW TW082103833A patent/TW234129B/zh active
- 1993-05-19 CN CN93107228A patent/CN1084519A/zh active Pending
-
1994
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Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN100355772C (zh) * | 2005-12-28 | 2007-12-19 | 天津大学 | 具有5α-还原酶抑制活性的甾体化合物及其制备方法 |
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SK137894A3 (en) | 1995-05-10 |
RU94046041A (ru) | 1996-10-10 |
HUT68232A (en) | 1995-06-28 |
US5237064A (en) | 1993-08-17 |
RO112427B1 (ro) | 1997-09-30 |
CZ283794A3 (en) | 1995-10-18 |
RU2114117C1 (ru) | 1998-06-27 |
US5578726A (en) | 1996-11-26 |
TW234129B (zh) | 1994-11-11 |
WO1993023376A1 (en) | 1993-11-25 |
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