CN108444815B - Drilling in-situ testing device for mechanical parameters of engineering rock mass and using method thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses an in-situ drilling testing device for mechanical parameters of an engineering rock mass and a using method thereof. The sounding loading system and the multi-point testing rotary positioning system are connected together through a bearing and can move along with a pushing rod of the pushing support system, and finally the whole device is regulated and controlled through the hydraulic loading system and the control system. According to the device and the method, in-situ loading test is carried out on the engineering rock mass, deformation damage characteristics of the rock mass with different lithology and different drilling depths and load displacement curves and data of surrounding rocks in the loading process are obtained, and relevant technical indexes and parameters are obtained through conversion, so that effective support scheme design and accurate numerical simulation in the construction process are facilitated, support strength and engineering stability are ensured, and guarantee is provided for engineering safety construction of rock soil, water conservancy and hydropower, mines and the like.

Description

Drilling in-situ test device for mechanical parameters of engineering rock mass and its application method

technical field

The invention relates to a device and method for testing mechanical parameters of engineering rock mass, in particular to an in-situ multi-point testing device and method for mechanical parameters of engineering rock mass.

Background technique

The physical and mechanical parameters of the rock mass are the basic data for the implementation of geotechnical, water conservancy, hydropower and mining projects. For these projects involving roadway support, it is necessary to clearly measure the mechanical parameters of the surrounding rock of the roadway to ensure the strength and stiffness of the support design scheme. At the same time, to predict the deformation and failure characteristics of the surrounding rock in the excavation state through numerical simulation, the mechanical parameters of each layer of the surrounding rock must be accurately measured to obtain reliable results and guide the project.

There are two traditional methods for testing physical and mechanical parameters of rock mass: one method is to drill cores on site, process them into standard samples, and conduct uniaxial, shear, and triaxial tests in the laboratory to obtain Rock strength, deformation and other parameters; however, due to the uneven development and distribution of structural planes of engineering rock mass, its physical and mechanical properties are much more complicated than that of rock; and rock is extremely vulnerable to damage during the process of drilling cores and preparing samples , leading to a large deviation between the rock mechanics parameters obtained through laboratory tests and the actual parameters of rock mass in engineering practice, which cannot meet the engineering requirements, so most engineering specifications have safety factors to increase safety guarantees; at the same time, through laboratory tests When the measured rock mechanical parameters are applied to numerical simulation, it is also found that the simulation effect is quite different from the actual engineering. Therefore, the rock mechanical parameters measured by laboratory tests have limitations in the design and evaluation of strength design, deformation checking calculation, and stability requirements of rock mass engineering.

Another method is to directly pressurize the rock mass of the surrounding rock roof and side wall of the roadway by means of jacks and other devices to test the mechanical parameters. The mechanical properties cannot reflect the different lithology of deep rock mass and the change of rock mechanical parameters under different ground stress conditions; at the same time, the jack is bulky and inconvenient to carry, which is not conducive to the compression test of rock mass under complex geological conditions.

At the engineering site, it is usually necessary to conduct core drilling to analyze the geological structure, or to drill holes for bolt support. Therefore, the physical and mechanical parameters of the surrounding rock inside the above-mentioned drilling holes can be tested to obtain accurate data on the engineering site, which can be used It reflects the influence of lithological changes and in-situ stress on rock physical and mechanical parameters. Through investigation, it is found that in the field of water conservancy and hydropower engineering, existing foreign equipment is mainly used for relevant field tests, lacking independent intellectual property rights and creativity.

Contents of the invention

The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of in-situ test device for mechanical parameters of engineering rock mass, and propose a method for carrying out drilling in-situ test on engineering rock mass with the device, and carry out the loading test of on-site engineering rock mass by this device and method , to obtain load-displacement curves and data of different lithologies and different drilling depths of rock mass, and obtain relevant technical indicators and parameters through conversion, which is conducive to effective support scheme design and accurate numerical simulation during construction, ensuring support The protection strength and engineering stability provide guarantee for the safe construction of geotechnical, water conservancy and hydropower, mining and other projects.

In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the engineering rock mechanics parameter drilling in-situ testing device of the present invention adopts the technical scheme as follows:

A drilling in-situ testing device for engineering rock mechanical parameters is characterized in that it consists of five parts: a penetrating loading system, a multi-point testing rotary positioning system, a propulsion support system, a hydraulic loading system and a control system; wherein:

(1) The penetrating probe loading system is composed of a single-point loading instrument, a video acquisition unit, a displacement measurement unit, a penetrating probe cone and a pressure-bearing base, wherein:

The upper part of the single-point loading instrument is provided with a concave cavity, and the lower part is provided with a pressure chamber. The bottom of the penetrating cone extends into the pressure chamber after passing through the concave cavity. The side of the single-point loading instrument is also provided with wire interfaces, The push rod interface and the oil circuit interface, the wire interface is connected to the external controller, the push rod interface is connected to the external propulsion support system, and the oil circuit interface is connected to the external hydraulic loading system; the controller is connected to the hydraulic loading system connected;

The pressure-bearing base is fixed on the bottom of the single-point loading instrument, and an oil cavity is arranged on the pressure-bearing base, and the oil cavity is respectively connected with the pressure chamber and the oil circuit interface;

The displacement measuring unit is fixed on the side wall of the concave cavity, and the displacement measuring unit is used to detect the moving distance of the penetrating cone head;

The video acquisition unit is arranged on the outer circumferential direction of the displacement measurement unit, and is connected to the controller through a wire interface, and the video acquisition unit is used to acquire the loading state of the borehole wall;

The penetrating cone is in the shape of a ball table, that is, the top of the hemisphere is cut into a plane;

(2) The multi-point test rotary positioning system includes a rotary angle positioning device and a retest calibration device. The rotation angle positioning device is driven by a motor and a mechanical gear, and the retesting and calibrating device is calibrated by a positioning pointer and a host computer. In actual use, the number of teeth of the gear can be adjusted according to the accuracy of the test and the size of the aperture. Mechanical gear rotation and micro-camera positioning re-measurement can realize high-precision multi-angle rotation and re-positioning correction.

The rotation angle positioning device includes a driving unit, a connecting shaft and a transmission unit, the driving unit is fixed on the inner side wall of the protective cover, the driving unit is connected with the connecting shaft through the transmission unit, and the top of the connecting shaft is connected to the outer connected with the static penetration testing loading device;

The retest calibration device includes a positioning pointer, a retest disc and a video acquisition display unit, the positioning pointer is connected to the upper part of the connecting shaft, the retest disc is sleeved on the connecting shaft, and fixed to the inner side wall of the protective cover connected, wherein, the position of the indicating end of the positioning pointer corresponds to the position of the retesting disc, and the video acquisition and display unit is used to collect and display the relative positions of the positioning pointer and the retesting disc in real time;

(3) The propulsion support system includes a propulsion drive device, an orifice support protection device, a propulsion rod and a pressure tube device; wherein:

The propulsion driving device is composed of a base, a universal ball joint, a propulsion hydraulic cylinder and a propulsion rod replacement connection room; the propulsion hydraulic cylinder is rotatably connected to the base via a universal ball hinge, and the propulsion rod replacement connection room is connected with the propulsion hydraulic cylinder The piston column of the said propulsion hydraulic cylinder is provided with a propelling end, and the interior of the propelling end is provided with a hollow inner convex column, and a conductive ring is installed inside the inner convex column, and a columnar convex column is provided on the outer wall of the inner convex column. The conductive ring matches the second conductive pin in the single-needle connecting plug on the orifice rod body, and the columnar protrusion matches the vertical slide rail in the single-needle connecting plug on the orifice end rod body; The rod replacement connection chamber is a cylindrical body connected to the propulsion hydraulic cylinder sleeved on the outer surface of the push rod system. An opening is provided on the lower side wall of the cylindrical body, and the pipe is passed through the opening; the inner wall of the cylindrical body There are also multiple sets of clamps symmetrically arranged on the top to clamp the push rod system. The outer tip of the jig arm of the clamp is provided with a semi-circular slot that can be docked. The semi-circular slot is used to clamp the pipe. The opening size of the semi-circular slot is adjustable;

The orifice support and protection device is arranged above the propulsion rod replacement connection chamber, and is used to clamp and support the rod body at the hole of the drilled hole, and a pressure tube device is provided under the orifice support and protection device for Press the pipe into the open groove of the push rod body;

The propulsion rod is formed by linking a plurality of rod bodies end to end; a plurality of open grooves are vertically opened on the outer surface of the rod body, and oil pipes can be pressed into the open grooves; There is a double-ended single-pin wire, and the double-ended single-pin wire is connected with the first conductive pin and the second conductive pin at both ends of the wire; a single-hole connection socket is connected to the top of the rod body, and the single-hole connection socket There is a conductive socket formed by a conductive ring inside, and the first conductive pin is connected to the conductive ring through a coil; two hole slots are symmetrically distributed on the outer wall of the single-hole connection socket, and each of the hole slots A spring buckle is installed inside, and the tail of the spring buckle is connected to the hole through a spring. There are four slot openings, and the spring buckle matches with the slot openings to facilitate the connection and disengagement of the single-hole wiring socket and the single-pin wiring plug; the single-pin wiring plug is connected to the bottom of the rod body, The second conductive pin is passed through the single-pin connection plug from the inside to the outside, and the second conductive pin is also matched with the conductive jack; the inner wall of the single-pin connection plug is provided with symmetrically distributed Vertical slide rails, vertical slide rails are divided into connecting slide rails and disconnecting slide rails, and the connecting slide rails and disconnecting slide rails are connected by an inclined slide rail. The minimum inner diameter is slightly larger than the maximum outer diameter of the spring buckle; there is a slide rail slot at the connection between the inclined slide rail and the detachment slide rail, and the slide rail slot is used to stabilize the spring after connecting the single-hole connection socket and the single-pin connection plug Buckle, so that the whole device does not rotate during the process of propulsion and measurement, which is conducive to stability and accuracy; there is an annular locking groove on the outer surface of the single-hole connection socket, and the lower end of the single-pin connection plug A locking collar engaged with the annular locking groove is provided;

(4) The hydraulic loading system described above is used to control the entry and exit of hydraulic oil to realize loading;

(5) Described control system, the one, the driving unit of control rotation angle positioning device carries out accurate rotation and rotates, and the rotation angle that the display unit retesting of display retest calibration equipment is shown; The rock mass in the hole is loaded and tested to obtain the load-displacement curves and data of the rock mass with different lithologies and different drilling depths; the third is to control the propulsion support system to accurately send the penetrating loading system and the multi-point test rotary positioning system into the drill hole. In the hole, the loading test of the rock mass at different drilling depths is realized; the fourth is to control the hydraulic loading system to fill and return oil to all oil circuits, so as to realize the test of the rock mass in the drilling hole by the whole device.

Further: the preferred structure of the transmission unit of the above-mentioned rotation angle positioning device is: including first to third single-toothed gears, first to third multi-toothed gears, and the connecting shafts include upper shafts distributed sequentially from top to bottom, The central shaft and the lower shaft, the central shaft is respectively connected in rotation with the upper shaft and the lower shaft; wherein: the first single-tooth gear is fixedly connected to the drive unit, the first multi-tooth gear is fixedly connected to the lower part of the central shaft, and the first single-tooth gear The gear meshes with the first multi-tooth gear; the second single-tooth gear is fixed on the upper part of the central shaft, and the second single-tooth gear meshes with the second multi-tooth gear; the third multi-tooth gear is fixed on the upper shaft, and the third single-tooth gear The toothed gear meshes with the third multi-toothed gear, and the second multi-toothed gear and the third single-toothed gear are connected through a connecting rod. The outer sleeve of the connecting rod is provided with a connecting sleeve, which is rotatably connected to the connecting rod, and connected The sleeve is also fixedly connected with the protective cover; at least one keyway is respectively provided on the first multi-tooth gear, the second single-tooth gear and the third multi-tooth gear, and the first multi-tooth gear, the second single-tooth gear and the The third multi-tooth gear is connected with the lower part of the central shaft, the upper part of the central shaft and the upper shaft respectively through the fixed key and the keyway.

Further: the orifice support protection device includes a fixed frame fixed at the position of the orifice, a grading chuck, a grading slide rail and an inner diameter adjustment mechanism; the fixed frame is a circular collar, and the inner middle position of the circular collar is A partition is provided; grading chucks are symmetrically installed on the upper and lower sides of the partition, and a rotation limit ring is provided at the center of the grading chuck, and the push rod system is passed through the rotation limit ring; The diameter line of the disc is symmetrically provided with grading slide rails, and the grading slide rails are provided with grading posts. The grading posts include a first-stage post, a second-stage post and a third-stage post. The first-stage The clamping column is nested in the second-level clamping column, the second-level clamping column is nested in the third-level clamping column, and the first-level to third-level clamping columns can slide along the corresponding graded slide rail; the described The inner diameter adjustment mechanism includes an adjustment limit groove and an adjustment screw. The adjustment limit groove is arranged between two adjacent grading posts, and the adjustment screw is arranged in the adjustment limit groove for adjusting the inner diameter of the rotation limit ring; the above The grading chuck, the rotation limit ring and the grading clamping column are all provided with an oil channel, and the grading chuck is also provided with an oil inlet and an oil outlet, and the oil inlet and the oil outlet are connected to the The oil passages are connected.

Further: the pipe pressing device includes a fixed rod, a metal sleeve, two pulleys and a spring pressing piece; the fixed rod is fixed below the above-mentioned orifice support and protection device; the metal sleeve is respectively horizontally displaced The adjustment mechanism and the vertical displacement adjustment mechanism are connected with the above-mentioned fixed rod, and the horizontal movement of the metal sleeve and the vertical movement of the metal sleeve are respectively adjusted through the two adjustment mechanisms; two opening chutes are symmetrically opened on the metal sleeve, and the opening chute is inclined Extend outward; the two pulleys are installed in the open chute in one-to-one correspondence with the open chute, and the pulley is corresponding to the open groove of the rod body, and the two pulleys are also connected by a transmission rod. It is required that the middle of the rim of the pulley protrudes, and its two sides are inwardly recessed, which is conducive to pressing the oil pipe into the opening groove on the outer wall of the push rod to prevent deviation; the spring pressing piece is arranged on both sides of each pulley The shaft part and the spring pressing piece are used to drive the pulley to slide along the open chute after being stressed.

Further: the optimal structure of the horizontal displacement adjustment mechanism of the pressure pipe device is: including a vertical adjustment slider, a diagonal rod and a telescopic column, a vertical chute is provided on the fixed rod of the pressure pipe system, and one end of the diagonal rod is adjusted vertically The slider is slidingly connected with the vertical chute, and the other end is hinged with the middle part of the telescopic column. The two ends of the telescopic column are respectively connected with the fixed rod and the metal sleeve of the pressure pipe system. Unlocking the pressing plate is convenient for locking and unlocking the vertical adjustment slider. The vertical displacement adjustment mechanism of the pressure tube device includes a sliding bearing, and one end of the telescopic column of the horizontal displacement adjustment mechanism is slidably connected with the vertical chute of the fixed rod through the sliding bearing.

Utilize the device of the present invention to carry out the method for borehole in-situ loading test to mechanical parameters of engineering rock mass as follows:

The first step is to assemble the in-situ test device for drilling mechanical parameters of the rock mass in the connection project

Step 1.1, fix the propulsion support system, and align the propulsion end of the propulsion hydraulic cylinder extension end with the drilling hole in the surrounding rock; close the fixed valve to ensure the stability of the propulsion drive device; install the propulsion rod replacement connection chamber in the hydraulic Cylinder piston rod on the exposed end of the inner boss and locked;

Step 1.2: Fix the orifice support protection device and the pressure pipe device; that is: fix the hydraulic grading chuck of the orifice support protection device on the upper and lower ends of the partition plate of the fixed frame, and anchor with bolts, and at the same time, press the pipe The system is fixed under the fixed frame;

Step 1.3: After the hole support and protection device is assembled, install it on the bracket of the propulsion support system base, and transfer it to the drilling hole of the surrounding rock through the lifting bracket, so that it can be fixed on the outer wall of the drilling hole;

Step 1.4, connect the penetrating loading system and the multi-point testing rotary positioning system through bearings, so that the two can rotate synchronously, and install the drilling TV imaging system on the upper end of the bearing, so that the penetrating loading system, multi-point testing Rotary positioning system and borehole TV imaging system can move with the push rod;

In step 1.5, install the assembled first push rod on the push end through the opening of the cylinder that replaces the side wall of the connection chamber, and lock the tail of the push rod so that it does not rotate and shake during the push;

Step 1.6, install the pipeline; connect the pipeline to the oil circuit interface of the penetrating loading system through the opening of the cylindrical cylinder on the side wall of the connecting chamber through the push rod, and communicate with the pressure chamber, and adjust the semicircle clamps on both sides of the tip of the fixture The size of the slot so that the pipe can be pulled freely in it;

The second step, drilling in-situ testing

Step 2.1, open the propulsion hydraulic cylinder, set the oil pressure loading rate, so that the piston of the propulsion hydraulic cylinder is pushed out slowly, and at the same time, push the propulsion rod, the penetrating loading system and the multi-angle rotary retesting After the penetrating loading system at the end of the rod and the multi-angle rotating re-measurement system completely pass through the hole support and protection device and enter the hole, stop advancing;

Step 2.2, turn on the drilling TV camera, start to record the characteristics of the surrounding rock in the drilling hole through the camera, adjust the telescopic column of the horizontal displacement adjustment mechanism of the pressure pipe system, so that the pulley of the pressure pipe system will press the pipe into the pipe under the action of the spring pressure sheet into the open slot, stop advancing when the locking collar at the end of the push rod is close to the pulley;

Step 2.3, open the locking switch of the grading chuck, control the grading column of the upper and lower grading chucks to shrink, clamp the push rod to keep it stable; rotate the piston lock ring of the push hydraulic cylinder, and open the push The oil return device of the hydraulic cylinder makes the propulsion head move down slowly and separates from the propulsion rod. When the hydraulic propulsion cylinder moves down to the initial position, the oil return control valve is closed;

Step 2.4, install the push rod again, and open the oil inlet valve of the hydraulic propulsion cylinder, so that the push rod rises slowly, when the single-hole connection socket of the second push rod is inserted into the single-pin connection at the end of the first push rod After the plug is connected, the propulsion hydraulic cylinder stops lifting, and the second propulsion rod is turned to make it engage with the locking collar at the end of the first propulsion rod and form a locked state. The propulsion rod gradually enters the depth of the drilling hole under the promotion of the propulsion hydraulic cylinder;

Step 2.5, repeat the operation until the penetrating loading system reaches the surrounding rock of the drill hole to be measured, control the grading clamps of the two grading chucks to shrink, clamp the push rod, and control the driver of the penetrating loading system to make The slider moves along the guide rail, opens the protective baffle of the penetrating loading system, exposes the single-point loading instrument and the video acquisition unit, turns on the camera device of the video acquisition unit, observes the rock mass to be loaded and tested, and selects the area with complete lithology for To load, the single-point loading instrument is extended through hydraulic pressure and the rock mass to be measured is loaded and measured, and the damage process and damage form of the rock mass during the loading process are recorded and stored through the video acquisition unit;

In the 2.6th step, after the test of the selected surrounding rock area is completed, the single-point loading instrument is retracted, and the protective baffle is closed, and the points and points to be loaded and tested for the surrounding rock at the same depth and in the same horizontal plane in the borehole are calculated. The angle between the initial test points;

Step 2.7, the control system adjusts the drive unit to rotate according to the calculated rotation angle, and the drive unit drives the transmission unit to rotate, so that the penetrating probe loading system rotates to the required detection position;

In step 2.8, collect the relative positions of the positioning pointer and the retest disc and feed them back to the controller, the controller controls the display unit to display the retest rotation angle, and records and stores the retest rotation angle information;

Step 2.9, repeat the operation of the penetrating loading system during the loading process, and complete the load and deformation test when the surrounding rock is deformed and damaged after re-measurement of the angle, until all the surrounding rock data at different angle positions in the same horizontal plane are tested After completion, continue to increase the detection depth of the propulsion rod to reach the required test depth and perform related operations.

The third step is to disassemble the in-situ test device for drilling mechanical parameters of rock mass

After testing the surrounding rock at different depths in the same drilling hole, close the controller of the penetrating loading system, open the oil return valve of the propulsion hydraulic cylinder, and open the grading column of the grading chuck to make the whole device fall slowly and disassemble it section by section. Push the rod until the last section is disassembled, and the pipes are neatly recovered;

Lower the orifice support protection device to the ground through the lifting bracket and disassemble it;

Open the fixed valve on the universal ball joint of the propulsion support system, adjust the propulsion hydraulic cylinder to the initial position, and at the same time, remove the base and place it in the external reserve box;

The fourth step, data processing

Export the load and displacement data stored in the loading process, process and generate the load-displacement curve; convert the load-displacement curve into a stress-strain curve through formula conversion, obtain the peak strength and corresponding strain value, and obtain the corresponding formula Other mechanical parameters of rock mass.

Beneficial effects of the present invention:

On the basis of the prior art and devices, the present invention uses multiple coordinated functions such as the propulsion drive device, the orifice support and protection device, and the propulsion rod to drive the propulsion rod and the entire test device to perform in-situ testing of the physical and mechanical parameters of the rock mass. It eliminates the influence of human factors, solves the inaccurate test parameters such as load and displacement caused by the shaking of the handheld device, and cannot be used for accurate design and analysis of support design, deformation check calculation, stability requirements, etc. of rock mass engineering. The difficulty of evaluation ensures the safety of the test device and the authenticity and accuracy of the detection test results; through the propulsion rod structure of the present invention, the oil inlet pipe and the oil outlet pipe can be respectively embedded in the vertical opening grooves on the outer wall of the propulsion rod, both It can control the deviation of the tubing during the propulsion process, and protect the tubing from friction with the drilling rock wall to cause damage, eliminate potential safety hazards, and provide a safety guarantee for drilling in-situ testing.

In the present invention, the gear and the connecting shaft of the transmission unit are connected by a key through the rotation angle positioning device, and the middle connecting shaft is rotationally connected with other connecting shafts, so that the synchronous rotation of the gear and the connecting shaft is realized, and the mutual rotation of the connecting shafts does not affect each other; at the same time, The long gear of the single gear drives the rotation of the next gear, and the rotation transmission between multiple gears can adjust the loading device to perform rotation tests at different angles in the borehole, which solves the problem of rock mass testing in different directions on the same horizontal plane in the borehole. The problem of parameters; through the coordinated action of single gear and multiple gears, the rotation rate is greatly reduced, and the relative angle of rotation is more accurate. The retest disc is fixed and does not rotate, and the positioning pointer is connected to the controller host through a miniature camera to make it rotate synchronously. Timely retest and feedback on the rotation angle of the entire device is beneficial to read the real rotation angle of the device, so that The test results are true and reliable, and the accuracy is higher, avoiding errors caused by artificial readings, simple and effective, and easy to analyze.

In the present invention, the penetrating cone head of the penetrating probe loading device is designed into a hemispherical table shape. During the loading process, it can not only effectively contact the rock wall, but also increase the stress on the rock mass, making it easier to be damaged. The penetrating cone head extends when loading the surrounding rock, and shrinks after the loading is completed, and the penetrating cone head is protected by the protective cover during the advancing process of the device, which effectively prevents the penetrating cone from being damaged during the loading or advancing process. The collision between the head and the protrusion of the rock wall causes damage to the indenter, which plays a protective role. At the same time, through the cameras symmetrically arranged on both sides of the penetrating cone head, the failure form of the rock mass during the loading process can be monitored in real time, providing a visual reference for studying the failure evolution of the rock mass at the engineering site.

The device of the present invention is compact in structure and safe in operation, the interconnection efficiency of each device is fast and efficient, the method is simple and reliable, and the operation process is intuitive and controllable. The safe and efficient test plan is realized through the mutual coordination among various devices to meet the needs of engineering site drilling detection and loading, and it has a wide range of practicality and engineering application prospects in the in-situ testing and research of engineering rock mechanics parameters drilling.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is an overall structural diagram of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the propulsion system of the present invention

Figure 3a and Figure 3b are respectively the front view and the top view of the replacement connection chamber of the push rod;

Figures 4a and 4b are schematic diagrams of the propelling rod and propelling head, respectively;

Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the orifice support protection device of the present invention;

Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of a multi-stage hydraulic chuck of the present invention;

Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of the pressure pipe device of the propulsion support system of the present invention

Fig. 8 is a multi-point test rotary positioning system diagram of the present invention;

Fig. 9 is a diagram of the penetrating loading system of the present invention;

FIG. 10 is a sectional view of FIG. 9 .

In the picture:

1-penetration loading system, 11-single point loading instrument, 12-cavity, 13-protective baffle, 14-video acquisition unit, 15-displacement measurement unit, 16-displacement sensor, 17-driver, 18-guide rail, 19-slider, 110-wire interface, 111-push rod interface, 112-oil circuit interface, 113-measurement section, 114-guide pulley, 115-connection section, 116-oil chamber, 117-pressure chamber, 118-seal Circle, 119-pressure bearing base, 120-penetration cone head.

2-rotary positioning system for multi-point test, 21-protective cover, 22-second fixed rod, 23-retest disc, 24-retest calibration mechanism, 25-positioning pointer, 26-connecting rod, 27-third unit Tooth gear, 28-the third fixed rod, 29-connecting sleeve, 210-the second multi-tooth gear, 211-the second single-tooth gear, 212-transmission unit, 213-connecting shaft, 214-rotation angle positioning device, 215- Drive unit, 216-the first fixed rod, 217-the first single-toothed gear, 218-the first multi-toothed gear, 219-the third multi-toothed gear, 220-the keyway.

3-Propulsion support system, 31-Single-hole connection socket, 32-Hole slot, 33-Spring buckle, 34-Insulation glue post, 35-Conductive ring, 36-Locking groove, 37-Coil, 38-Rod body , 39-open slot, 310-double-headed single-pin wire, 311-slanted slide rail, 312-insulating rubber ring, 313-second conductive pin, 314-connecting slide rail, 315-locking collar, 316-disengagement Slide rail, 317-single-pin connection plug, 318-slide rail slot, 319-conductive jack, 320-spring, 321-propelling rod, 322-cylindrical barrel, 323-replacement connection chamber, 324-cylindrical barrel Opening, 325-fixture, 326-semi-circle card slot, 327-conductive ring, 328-propelling end, 329-column protrusion, 330-inner convex post, 331-third-stage post, 332-second-stage post , 333-first-level clamping column, 334-grading clamping column, 335-grading chuck, 336-partition, 337-fixing frame, 338-oil inlet, 339-oil outlet, 340-grading slide rail, 341 -Adjustment limit slot, 342-adjustment screw, 343-rotation limit ring, 344-wire, 345-first conductive pin, 346-fixing rod, 347-vertical chute, 348-unlock pressure plate, 349-metal Set, 350 - pulleys. 351-opening chute, 352-transfer rod, 353-spring pressing piece, 354-telescopic column, 355-horizontal displacement adjustment mechanism, 356-vertical displacement adjustment mechanism, 357-sliding bearing, 358-adjustment slider, 359-oblique Rod, piston locking ring-360, fixed valve-361, universal ball joint-362, 363-pipeline.

4- Hydraulic loading system.

5- Control system.

Detailed ways

Embodiments of the present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

As shown in Figure 1, the in-situ testing device for mechanical parameters of engineering rock mass of the present invention includes penetrating loading system 1, multi-point testing rotary positioning system 2, propulsion support system 3, hydraulic loading system 4 and control system 5. section; of which:

(1) The structure of the penetrating loading system 1 is shown in Figures 9-10, which generally includes a single-point loading instrument 11, a video acquisition unit 14, a displacement measuring unit 15, a penetrating cone head 120, and a pressure-bearing base 119;

As can be seen from the figure, the single-point loading instrument 11 is provided with a cavity 12 at the top, and a pressure chamber 117 at the bottom, and the penetration cone 120, that is, the bottom of the piston head, passes through the cavity 12 and extends into In the pressure chamber 117, the side of the single-point loading instrument 11 is also provided with a wire interface 110, a push rod interface 111 and an oil circuit interface 112 in sequence, the wire interface 110 is connected with the external control system 5, and the push rod interface 111 is connected with the external The propulsion support system 3 is connected, and the oil circuit interface 112 is connected with the external hydraulic loading system 4; the front end of the penetrating cone 120 of the present invention is designed in a hemispherical table shape, which can effectively contact the rock wall during the loading process , and can increase the stress on the rock mass, making it more likely to be damaged; the penetrating cone 120 is scalable, stretches out when loading the surrounding rock, and shrinks after the loading is completed. In order to effectively prevent the indenter from being damaged due to the collision between the penetrating cone 120 and the protrusion of the rock wall during loading or propulsion, a protective baffle 13 is provided at the end of the penetrating cone 120, and the protective baffle 13 and the single point loading instrument 11 is connected to the side wall, and the protective baffle 13 is engaged with the guide rail 18 through the slider 19, and can move along the guide rail 18 through the driver 17 to protect the penetrating cone head 120.

The pressure-bearing base 119 is fixed on the bottom of the single-point loading instrument 11. The pressure-bearing base 119 is provided with an oil chamber 116, and the oil chamber 116 communicates with the pressure chamber 117 and the oil circuit interface 112 respectively; through the hydraulic loading system 4 The hydraulic power is provided and transmitted to the pressure chamber 117 through the oil circuit interface 112 and the oil chamber 116, so as to drive the penetrating cone head 120 to move and load the borehole wall.

The displacement measurement unit 15 is fixed on the side wall of the concave cavity 12, and the displacement measurement unit 15 is used to detect the moving distance of the penetrating cone 120; specifically, the displacement measurement unit 15 includes a displacement sensor 16, a measurement lead wire and a displacement Monitor, the bottom end of the displacement monitor is fixed on the pressure-bearing base 119, and the measurement leads include a connection section 115 and a measurement section 113. One end of the connection section 115 is connected with the measurement section 113 through a displacement sensor 16, and the other end is passed through a guide pulley 114 Connected with the displacement detector, the measuring section 113 is parallel to the axis of the penetrating cone 120, and the other end of the measuring section 113 is also connected with the side wall of the penetrating cone 120 and the displacement monitor, therefore, the penetrating cone The moving distance of 120 is the same as the moving distance of measuring section 113, and the displacement of penetrating cone 120 can be obtained by monitoring the moving distance of measuring section 113, which has high measurement accuracy and is less affected by external interference factors.

The video acquisition unit 14 is arranged on the outer circumferential direction of the displacement measurement unit 15 and connected to the control system 5 through the wire interface 110. The video acquisition unit 14 is used to acquire the loading state of the borehole wall. Specifically, the camera and the supplementary light of the video acquisition unit 14 are connected to the control system 5, wherein the cameras are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the penetrating cone 120, so that the loading status of both sides of the penetrating cone 120 can be observed simultaneously. , the supplementary light is evenly distributed on the same circle centered on the axis of the penetrating cone 120, so that the outer peripheral side of the penetrating cone 120 can be evenly supplemented with light, and the clarity of the video collected by the camera can be improved.

In order to improve the sealing performance, a sealing ring 118 is also provided between the pressure chamber 117 and the penetrating cone 120 .

In order to make the contact between the pressure-bearing base 119 and the hole wall of the borehole more fit and avoid stress concentration, the curvature of the bottom outer surface of the pressure-bearing base 119 corresponds to the curvature of the measured borehole. Preferably, the outer surface of the bottom of the pressure-bearing base 119 The central angle corresponding to the surface arc is 120°.

(2) The multi-point test rotary positioning system 2 (see Fig. 7) includes a rotary angle positioning device 214 and a retest calibration mechanism 24, wherein:

The rotation angle positioning device 214 includes a drive unit 215, a connecting shaft 213 and a transmission unit 212, the drive unit 215 is a bidirectional motor, fixed on the inner side wall of the protective cover 21, and the drive unit 215 is fixed through the first The rod 216 is fixedly connected with the protective cover 21; the driving unit 215 is also connected with the connecting shaft 213 through the transmission unit 212, the top of the connecting shaft 213 is connected with the external touch probe loading system 1, and the driving unit 215 is electrically connected with the external control system 5 connect.

The retest calibration mechanism 24 includes a positioning pointer 25, a retest disc 23 and a video acquisition display unit. The positioning pointer 25 is connected to the top of the connecting shaft 213, and the retesting disc 23 is sleeved on the connecting shaft 213. The upper surface edge of the measuring disc 23 is provided with a scale representing the central angle, and the retesting disc 23 is fixedly connected with the protective cover 21 through the second fixed rod 22; The position of 23 is corresponding, and described video collection and display unit is used for collecting the relative position of described positioning pointer 25 and retest disc 23 in real time and displays, and video collection and display unit specifically comprises camera and host display screen, and camera is fixed on the location On the pointer 25, the host display screen is connected with the camera and the control system 5 respectively. The positioning pointer 25 among the present invention rotates synchronously with the top of the connecting shaft 213, and the camera is fixed on the positioning pointer 25, so that the rotation status video picture of the positioning pointer 25 that can be monitored in real time is displayed on the host display screen.

Further: the preferred structure of the transmission unit of the above-mentioned rotation angle positioning device is: including the first to the third single-toothed gears 217, 211 and 27, the first to the third multi-toothed gears 218, 210 and 219, and the connecting shaft 213 includes The upper shaft, the middle shaft and the lower shaft are distributed sequentially from top to bottom, and the middle shaft is respectively connected in rotation with the upper shaft and the lower shaft; wherein: the first single-tooth gear 217 is fixedly connected with the driving unit 215, and the first multi-tooth gear 218 is fixedly connected with the bottom of the central shaft, and the first single-toothed gear 217 meshes with the first multi-toothed gear 218; the second single-toothed gear 211 is fixed on the top of the central shaft, and the second single-toothed gear 211 and the second multi-toothed gear 210; the third multi-toothed gear 219 is fixed on the upper shaft, the third single-toothed gear 27 is meshed with the third multi-toothed gear 219, and the second multi-toothed gear 210 and the third single-toothed gear 27 are connected by a connecting rod 26 are connected, and the outer sleeve of the connecting rod 26 is provided with a connecting sleeve 29, and the connecting sleeve 29 is also fixedly connected with the protective cover 21 through the third fixed rod 28; the first multi-tooth gear 218, the second single-tooth gear 211 and the third The multi-toothed gears 219 are respectively provided with at least one keyway 220 , and are respectively connected with the lower part of the central shaft, the upper part of the central shaft and the upper shaft through the fixed key and the keyway 220 .

(3) The propulsion support system 3 is shown in Fig. 2-5, and it includes a propulsion drive device, an orifice support protection device, a propulsion rod 321 and a pressure pipe device; wherein:

The push rod 321 is shown in Fig. 4a, and is formed by linking a plurality of rod bodies 38 from end to end; on the outer surface of the rod body 38, a plurality of open grooves 39 are vertically opened, and oil pipes can be pressed into the inside of the open grooves 39; A double-ended single-pin wire 310 is perforated in the hollow cavity in the rod body 38, and the double-ended single-pin wire 310 is respectively connected with a first conductive pin 345 and a second conductive pin 313 at both ends of the wire 344; The top of the top is connected with a single-hole connection socket 31, and the inside of the single-hole connection socket 31 is provided with a conductive jack 319 made of a conductive ring 35, and the first conductive pin 345 is connected with the conductive ring 35 through a coil 37; Two holes 32 are symmetrically distributed on the outer wall of the connection socket 31, and a spring buckle 33 is installed in each hole 32. The tail of the spring buckle 33 is connected with the hole groove 32 through a spring 320, and the spring buckle The head of 33 is a spherical surface; a single-needle connection plug 317 is connected to the bottom of the rod body 38, and the opening end of the single-needle connection plug 317 is correspondingly provided with four slot openings, and the spring buckle 33 is connected to the hole. The opening of the groove is matched to facilitate the connection and disengagement of the single-hole connection socket 31 and the single-needle connection plug 317; the second conductive pin 313 is arranged on the single-needle connection plug 317 from inside to outside, and the second The conductive pin 313 is also matched with the conductive jack 319; the inner wall of the single-pin connection plug 317 is provided with symmetrically distributed vertical slide rails inwardly along the hole opening, and the vertical slide rails are divided into connecting slide rails 314 and detachment slide rails 316 , and the connecting slide rail 314 and the disengaging slide rail 316 are connected by an inclined slide rail 311, and the three slide rails form a U-shaped loop, and the minimum inner diameter of the slide rails forming the U-shaped loop is slightly larger than the maximum outer diameter of the spring buckle 33; The inclined slide rail 311 is provided with a slide rail draw-in slot 318 at the junction of the slide rail 316, and the slide rail draw-in slot 318 is used to stabilize the spring buckle 33 after the single-hole connection socket 31 is connected with the single-pin connection plug 317, so that the entire The device does not rotate during propulsion and measurement, which is conducive to stability and accuracy; an annular locking groove 36 is provided on the outer surface of the single-hole connection socket 31, and a ring-shaped locking groove 36 is provided on the lower end of the single-pin connection plug 317 A locking collar 315 engaged with the annular locking groove 36;

The propulsion driving device is composed of a base, a universal ball joint 362, a propulsion hydraulic cylinder and a propulsion rod replacement connection chamber 323; The hydraulic cylinders are connected; the piston column of the propulsion hydraulic cylinder is provided with a propulsion end 328 (see Figure 4b), and the inside of the propulsion end 328 is provided with a hollow inner convex column 330, and the inside of the inner convex column 330 is equipped with a conductive Ring 327, the outer wall of the inner boss 330 is provided with a columnar projection 329, the conductive ring 327 is matched with the second conductive pin 313 in the single-pin connection plug 317 on the orifice rod body 38, and the columnar projection 329 is matched with The vertical slide rail in the single-needle connection plug 317 on the rod body at the orifice end matches; the described push rod replaces the connecting chamber 323 (seeing Fig. The connected cylinder 322 has an opening 324 on the lower side wall of the cylinder 322, and the pipe is passed through the opening 324; the inner wall of the cylinder 322 is also symmetrically provided with multiple sets of clamps 325 for clamping and advancing Rod, the outer tip of the clamp arm of the clamp 325 is provided with a semicircular clamping groove 326 that can be docked, and the semicircular clamping groove 326 is used to clamp the pipeline, and the opening size of the semicircular clamping groove 326 is adjustable;

The propulsion driving device of the present invention also includes a fixed valve 361 and a piston locking ring 360 (see Figure 2). The fixed valve 361 is installed on the base for locking the universal ball joint 362. The universal ball joint 362 is also provided with Angle; the piston locking ring 360 is used to lock the single-needle connection plug 317 and the propelling end on the rod body at the end. The present invention controls the rotation direction of the universal ball joint 362 by adjusting the angle of the angle, and uses the fixed valve 361 Lock the limit.

The orifice support and protection device is shown in Figure 5, and it is arranged above the push rod replacement connection chamber 323 for clamping and supporting the rod body 38 at the hole of the drill hole. pipe means for pressing the pipe into the open slot 39 of the push rod body 38;

Further: the orifice support protection device includes a fixed frame 337 fixed at the position of the orifice, a grading chuck 335, a grading slide rail 340 and an inner diameter adjustment mechanism; the fixed frame 337 is a circular collar, and the circular collar A partition 336 is arranged at the middle position inside; a grading chuck 335 is installed symmetrically on both sides of the upper and lower sides of the baffle 336, and a rotation limit ring 343 is also provided at the central position of the grading chuck 335, and the push rod is passed through the rotating In the limit ring 343; on the diameter line of the grading chuck 335 (see Fig. 6), a grading slide rail 340 is symmetrically arranged, and the grading slide rail 340 is provided with a grading clamp post 334, and the grading clamp post 334 includes mutually nested Together, the first-level clamping column 333, the second-level clamping column 332 and the third-level clamping column 331, the first-level to third-level clamping columns can slide along the corresponding grading slide rail 340; the inner diameter adjustment mechanism It includes an adjustment limit groove 341 and an adjustment screw 342. The adjustment limit groove 341 is arranged between two adjacent grading posts 334, and the adjustment screw 342 is arranged in the adjustment limit groove 341, which is used to adjust the position of the rotation limit ring 343. The size of the inner diameter; the above-mentioned grading chuck 335, the rotation limit ring 343 and the grading clamp post 334 are all provided with oil passages, and the grading chuck 335 is also provided with an oil inlet 338 and an oil outlet 339, the The oil inlet 338 and the oil outlet 339 communicate with the oil passage.

Further: the described pipe pressing device is shown in Fig. 7, and includes a fixed rod 346, a metal sleeve 349, two pulleys 350 and a spring pressing piece 353; the described fixed rod 346 is fixed below the above-mentioned orifice support and protection device; the described The metal sleeve 349 is connected with the above-mentioned fixed rod 346 through the horizontal displacement adjustment mechanism 355 and the vertical displacement adjustment mechanism 356 respectively, and the horizontal movement of the metal sleeve 349 and the vertical movement up and down of the metal sleeve 349 are respectively adjusted by the two adjustment mechanisms; the metal sleeve 349 is symmetrical There are two opening chute 351 on the ground, and the opening chute 351 extends obliquely outward; the two pulleys 350 are installed in the opening chute 351 one by one, and the pulley 350 is in phase with the opening chute 39 of the rod body 38. Correspondingly, the two pulleys 350 are also connected by a transmission rod 352, and the middle of the rim of the pulley 350 is required to protrude, and its two sides are sunken inward, which is beneficial to press the oil pipe into the opening groove 39 on the outer wall of the push rod 321 , to prevent deviation; the spring pressing piece 353 is arranged on the shafts on both sides of each pulley 350, and the spring pressing piece 353 is used to drive the pulley 350 to slide along the open chute 351 after being stressed.

The preferred structure of the above-mentioned horizontal displacement adjustment mechanism 355 is: comprise a vertical adjustment slide block 358, a slant bar 359 and a telescopic column 354, a vertical chute 347 is provided on the fixed bar 346 of the pressure pipe system, and one end of the slant bar 359 is passed through The vertical adjustment slider 358 is slidably connected with the vertical chute 347, and its other end is hinged with the middle part of the telescopic column 354. There is also an unlocking plate 348 on the vertical adjustment slider 358, which is convenient for locking and unlocking the vertical adjustment slider 358.

The above-mentioned vertical displacement adjustment mechanism 356 includes a sliding bearing 357, and one end of the telescopic column 354 of the horizontal displacement adjustment mechanism 355 is slidably connected with the vertical sliding groove 347 of the fixed rod through the sliding bearing 357. By driving the sliding bearing 357 to slide along the vertical chute 347, the vertical position of the pulley 350 can be adjusted, so that it is suitable for pressing pipes 363 of different types and positions.

The control system 5 of the present invention, one is to control the drive unit 215 of the rotation angle positioning device to perform precise rotation, and display the retested rotation angle of the display unit of the retest calibration device; The rock mass in the hole is loaded and tested to obtain the load-displacement curves and data of the rock mass with different lithologies and different drilling depths; the third is to control the propulsion support system to accurately send the penetrating loading system 1 and the multi-point test rotary positioning system 2 into the In the drilling, the loading test of the rock mass at different drilling depths is realized; the fourth is to control the hydraulic loading system 4 to fill and return oil to all oil circuits, so as to realize the testing of the rock mass in the drilling hole by the whole device.

Utilize the device of the present invention to carry out the method for borehole in-situ loading test to mechanical parameters of engineering rock mass as follows:

The first step, connect the device

Step 1.1, fix the propulsion support system 3, and align the propulsion end 328 of the propulsion hydraulic cylinder extension end with the drilling hole in the surrounding rock; close the fixed valve 361 to ensure that the propulsion drive device is stable; and replace the propulsion rod with the connection chamber 323 is installed on the inner boss 330 at the exposed end of the piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder and locked;

Step 1.2: Fix the orifice support protection device and the pressure pipe system; that is: fix the hydraulic grading chuck 335 of the orifice support protection device on the upper and lower ends of the partition plate 336 of the fixed frame 337, and anchor with bolts, at the same time, Fix the pressure tube system under the fixing frame 337;

In step 1.3, after the hole support and protection device is assembled, install it on the base bracket of the propulsion support system 3, and transfer it to the drilling hole in the surrounding rock through the lifting bracket, so that it is fixed on the outer wall of the drilling hole;

Step 1.4: Connect the penetrating probe loading system 1 and the multi-point test rotary positioning system 2 through bearings so that they can rotate synchronously, and install a drilling TV imaging system on the upper end of the bearing so that the penetrating probe loading system 1, The multi-point test rotary positioning system 2 and the borehole TV imaging system can move along with the push rod 321;

Step 1.5, install the assembled first push rod 321 on the push end 328 through the cylinder opening 324 on the side wall of the replacement connecting chamber 323, and lock the tail of the push rod so that it does not rotate during the push and shaking;

Step 1.6, install pipeline 363;

Connect the pipeline 363 to the oil circuit interface 112 of the penetrating loading system 1 through the opening 324 of the cylinder body on the side wall of the connection chamber 323 through the push rod, and communicate with the pressure chamber 117, and adjust the semicircle clamps on both sides of the tip of the clamp 325 Groove 326 is sized so that the pipeline can be freely pulled therein;

The second step, drilling in-situ testing

Step 2.1, open the propulsion hydraulic cylinder, set the oil pressure loading rate, so that the piston of the propulsion hydraulic cylinder is slowly pushed out, and at the same time, push the propulsion rod 321 and the penetrating loading system 1 connected to it and the multi-angle rotation retesting system 2 to push up and approach Drilling hole, after the penetrating loading system 1 and the multi-angle rotating re-testing system 2 at the end of the push rod 321 completely enter the drilling hole through the hole support and protection device, stop advancing;

Step 2.2, turn on the drilling TV camera, start to record the characteristics of the surrounding rock in the drilling hole through the camera, adjust the telescopic column 354 of the pressure pipe system, so that the pulley 350 presses the pipe 363 into the opening groove 39 under the action of the spring pressing piece 353 Inside, when the tail locking collar 315 of the propelling rod 321 was close to the pulley 350, the propelling was stopped;

Step 2.3, open the grading chuck 335, control the grading column 334 of the upper and lower grading chucks to shrink, clamp the push rod 321 to keep it stable; rotate the piston locking ring 360 of the push hydraulic cylinder, and open the push The controller of the oil return device of the hydraulic cylinder makes the push end 328 move down slowly and separates from the push rod 321. When the hydraulic push cylinder moves down to the initial position, the oil return control valve is closed;

Step 2.4, install the push rod 321 again, and open the oil inlet valve of the hydraulic propulsion cylinder, so that the push rod 321 rises slowly, when the single-hole connection socket 31 of the second push rod 321 is inserted into the tail of the first push rod 321 After the single-needle connection plug 317 is connected, the propulsion hydraulic cylinder stops lifting, and the second propulsion rod 321 is rotated so that it is wedged with the locking collar 315 at the tail of the first propulsion rod 321 to form a locked state. Finally, the control is opened The grading column 334 of the grading chuck 335 makes the propelling rod 321 gradually enter the depth of the borehole under the lifting of the propelling hydraulic cylinder;

Step 2.5, repeat the operation until the penetrating loading system 1 reaches the surrounding rock of the drill hole to be measured, control the grading clamping column 334 of the two grading chucks to shrink, clamp the push rod 321, and control the penetrating loading system 1 The driver 17 makes the slider 19 move along the guide rail 18, opens the protective baffle 13 of the penetrating loading system 1, exposes the single point loading instrument 11 and the video acquisition unit 14, opens the camera device of the video acquisition unit 14, and needs to load the test Observe the rock mass, select the lithologically complete area for loading, extend the single-point loading instrument 11 through hydraulic pressure and perform loading measurement on the rock mass to be measured, and use the video acquisition unit 14 to damage the rock mass during loading Record and store the process and damage pattern;

In the 2.6th step, after the test of the selected surrounding rock area is completed, the single point loading instrument 11 is retracted, and the protective baffle 13 is closed, and the required loading test of the surrounding rock in other directions in the same depth and the same horizontal plane is calculated in the borehole. The angle between the point and the initial test point;

Step 2.7, the control system 5 adjusts the drive unit 215 to rotate according to the calculated rotation angle, and the drive unit 215 drives the transmission unit 212 to rotate, so that the penetrating loading system 1 rotates to the required detection orientation;

In step 2.8, the relative positions of the positioning pointer 25 and the retest disc 23 are collected and fed back to the control system 5, and the control system 5 controls the display unit to display the retested rotation angle, and records and stores the retested rotation angle information;

Step 2.9: Repeat the operation of the penetrating loading system 1 during the loading process, and complete the load and deformation test of the surrounding rock deformation and failure after re-measurement of the angle, until the surrounding rock data at different angle positions required in the same horizontal plane are all obtained. After the test is completed, continue to increase the detection depth of the push rod to reach the required test depth and perform related operations.

The third step is to disassemble the in-situ test device for drilling mechanical parameters of rock mass

After testing the surrounding rock at different depths in the same borehole, close the penetrating loading system 1, open the oil return valve of the propulsion hydraulic cylinder, and open the grading clamp column 334 of the grading chuck, so that the whole device is slowly dropped, and the propelling rod is disassembled joint by joint 321, until the last section is disassembled, and the pipeline is sorted and recovered;

Lower the orifice support protection device to the ground through the lifting bracket and disassemble it;

Open the fixed valve 361 on the universal ball joint 362 of the propulsion support system, adjust the propulsion hydraulic cylinder to the initial position, and at the same time, disassemble the base and place it in the external reserve box;

The fourth step, data processing

Export the load and displacement data stored in the loading process, process and generate the load-displacement curve; convert the load-displacement curve into a stress-strain curve through formula conversion, obtain the peak strength and corresponding strain value, and obtain the corresponding formula Other mechanical parameters of rock mass.

Claims (7)

1. An engineering rock mass mechanical parameter drilling in-situ testing device is characterized in that it is composed of five parts: a penetrating loading system, a multi-point testing rotary positioning system, a propulsion support system, a hydraulic loading system and a control system; wherein: (1) The penetrating probe loading system is composed of a single-point loading instrument, a video acquisition unit, a displacement measurement unit, a penetrating probe cone and a pressure-bearing base, wherein: The upper part of the single-point loading instrument is provided with a concave cavity, and the lower part is provided with a pressure chamber. The bottom of the penetrating cone extends into the pressure chamber after passing through the concave cavity. The side of the single-point loading instrument is also provided with wire interfaces, The push rod interface and the oil circuit interface, the wire interface is connected to the external controller, the push rod interface is connected to the external propulsion support system, and the oil circuit interface is connected to the external hydraulic loading system; the controller is connected to the hydraulic loading system connected; The pressure-bearing base is fixed on the bottom of the single-point loading instrument, and an oil cavity is arranged on the pressure-bearing base, and the oil cavity is respectively connected with the pressure chamber and the oil circuit interface; The displacement measuring unit is fixed on the side wall of the concave cavity, and the displacement measuring unit is used to detect the moving distance of the penetrating cone head; The video acquisition unit is arranged on the outer circumferential direction of the displacement measurement unit, and is connected to the controller through a wire interface, and the video acquisition unit is used to acquire the loading state of the borehole wall; The penetrating cone is in the shape of a ball table, that is, the top of the hemisphere is cut into a plane; (2) The multi-point test rotary positioning system includes a rotary angle positioning device and a retest calibration device: wherein: The rotation angle positioning device includes a driving unit, a connecting shaft and a transmission unit, the driving unit is fixed on the inner side wall of the protective cover, the driving unit is connected with the connecting shaft through the transmission unit, and the top of the connecting shaft is connected to the static outside. The force penetration loading device is connected; The retest calibration device includes a positioning pointer, a retest disc and a video acquisition display unit, the positioning pointer is connected to the upper part of the connecting shaft, the retest disc is sleeved on the connecting shaft, and fixed to the inner side wall of the protective cover connected, wherein, the position of the indicating end of the positioning pointer corresponds to the position of the retesting disc, and the video acquisition and display unit is used to collect and display the relative positions of the positioning pointer and the retesting disc in real time; (3) The propulsion support system includes a propulsion drive device, an orifice support protection device, a propulsion rod and a pressure tube device; wherein: The propulsion driving device is composed of a base, a universal ball joint, a propulsion hydraulic cylinder and a propulsion rod replacement connection room; the propulsion hydraulic cylinder is rotatably connected to the base via a universal ball hinge, and the propulsion rod replacement connection room is connected with the propulsion hydraulic cylinder The piston column of the said propulsion hydraulic cylinder is provided with a propelling end, and the interior of the propelling end is provided with a hollow inner convex column, and a conductive ring is installed inside the inner convex column, and a columnar convex column is provided on the outer wall of the inner convex column. The conductive ring matches the second conductive pin in the single-needle connecting plug on the orifice rod body, and the columnar protrusion matches the vertical slide rail in the single-needle connecting plug on the orifice end rod body; The rod replacement connection chamber is a cylindrical body connected to the propulsion hydraulic cylinder sleeved on the outer surface of the push rod, and an opening is provided on the lower side wall of the cylindrical body, and the pipe is passed through the opening; on the inner wall of the cylindrical body There are also multiple sets of clamps symmetrically arranged to clamp the push rod. The outer tip of the clamp arm of the clamp is provided with a semi-circular slot that can be docked. The semi-circular slot is used to clamp the pipe. The opening size of the semi-circular slot is adjustable; The orifice support and protection device is arranged above the propulsion rod replacement connection chamber, and is used to clamp and support the rod body at the hole of the drilled hole, and a pressure tube device is provided under the orifice support and protection device for Press the pipe into the open groove of the push rod body; The propulsion rod is formed by linking a plurality of rod bodies end to end; a plurality of open grooves are vertically opened on the outer surface of the rod body, and oil pipes can be pressed into the open grooves; There is a double-ended single-pin wire, and the double-ended single-pin wire is connected with the first conductive pin and the second conductive pin at both ends of the wire; a single-hole connection socket is connected to the top of the rod body, and the single-hole connection socket There is a conductive socket formed by a conductive ring inside, and the first conductive pin is connected to the conductive ring through a coil; two hole slots are symmetrically distributed on the outer wall of the single-hole connection socket, and each of the hole slots A spring buckle is installed inside, and the tail of the spring buckle is connected to the hole through a spring. There are four slot openings, and the spring buckle matches with the slot openings to facilitate the connection and disengagement of the single-hole wiring socket and the single-pin wiring plug; the single-pin wiring plug is connected to the bottom of the rod body, The second conductive pin is passed through the single-pin connection plug from the inside to the outside, and the second conductive pin is also matched with the conductive jack; the inner wall of the single-pin connection plug is provided with symmetrically distributed Vertical slide rails, the vertical slide rails are divided into connecting slide rails and disconnecting slide rails, and the connecting slide rails and the disconnecting slide rails are connected by an inclined slide rail. The minimum inner diameter is slightly larger than the maximum outer diameter of the spring buckle; there is a slide rail slot at the connection between the inclined slide rail and the detachment slide rail, and the slide rail slot is used to stabilize the spring after connecting the single-hole connection socket and the single-pin connection plug Buckle, so that the whole device does not rotate during the process of propulsion and measurement, which is conducive to stability and accuracy; there is an annular locking groove on the outer surface of the single-hole connection socket, and the lower end of the single-pin connection plug A locking collar engaged with the annular locking groove is provided; (4) The hydraulic loading system described above is used to control the entry and exit of hydraulic oil to realize loading; (5) The control system, one is to control the drive unit of the rotation angle positioning device to rotate accurately, and display the retested rotation angle of the video acquisition and display unit of the retest calibration equipment; The rock mass in the engineering borehole is loaded and tested to obtain the load-displacement curve and data of the rock mass with different lithology and different drilling depths; the third is to control the propulsion support system to accurately send the penetrating loading system and the multi-point test rotary positioning system into the In the drilling, the loading test of the rock mass at different drilling depths is realized; the fourth is to control the hydraulic loading system to fill and return oil to all oil circuits, so as to realize the testing of the rock mass in the drilling hole by the whole device. 2. The in-situ testing device for mechanical parameters of engineering rock mass as claimed in claim 1, wherein the structure of the transmission unit is: comprising first to third single-toothed gears, first to third multiple Toothed gear, the connecting shaft includes an upper shaft, a middle shaft and a lower shaft distributed sequentially from top to bottom, and the middle shaft is respectively connected to the upper shaft and the lower shaft in rotation; wherein: the first single-tooth gear is fixedly connected to the drive unit , the first multi-tooth gear is fixedly connected to the lower part of the central shaft, and the first single-tooth gear meshes with the first multi-tooth gear; the second single-tooth gear is fixed on the upper part of the central shaft, and the second single-tooth gear and the second multi-tooth gear The gears mesh; the third multi-toothed gear is fixed on the upper shaft, the third single-toothed gear meshes with the third multi-toothed gear, the second multi-toothed gear and the third single-toothed gear are connected by a connecting rod, and the connecting rod The outer sleeve is provided with a connecting sleeve, the connecting sleeve is rotatably connected with the connecting rod, and the connecting sleeve is also fixedly connected with the protective cover; the first multi-tooth gear, the second single-tooth gear and the third multi-tooth gear are respectively equipped with at least a keyway, and the first multi-tooth gear, the second single-tooth gear and the third multi-tooth gear are respectively connected with the lower part of the central shaft, the upper part of the central shaft and the upper shaft through the fixed key and the keyway. 3. engineering rock mass mechanics parameter drilling in-situ testing device as claimed in claim 2, is characterized in that, described hole support protection device comprises the fixture that is fixed on the position of hole, grading chuck, grading slide rail and inner diameter adjustment mechanism; the fixed frame is a circular collar, and a partition is arranged at the inner middle position of the circular collar; a grading chuck is symmetrically installed on the upper and lower sides of the baffle, and the grading chuck There is also a rotation limit ring at the center position, and the push rod is set in the rotation limit ring; there are grading slide rails arranged symmetrically on the diameter line of the grading chuck, and there are grading clamping columns on the grading slide rails, and the grading clamps The column includes a first-level clamping column, a second-level clamping column and a third-level clamping column, the first-level clamping column is nested in the second-level clamping column, and the second-level clamping column is nested in the third-level clamping column Inside, the first-level to third-level clamps can slide along the corresponding grading slide rails; the inner diameter adjustment mechanism includes an adjustment limit slot and an adjustment screw, and the adjustment limit slot is arranged on two adjacent grading clamps. Between, the adjustment screw is set in the adjustment limit groove, which is used to adjust the inner diameter of the rotation limit ring; the grading chuck, the rotation limit ring and the split-level card post are all equipped with oil passages, and the The grading chuck is also provided with an oil inlet and an oil outlet, and the oil inlet and the oil outlet communicate with the oil channel. 4. engineering rock mass mechanics parameter drilling in-situ testing device as claimed in claim 3, is characterized in that, described pressure tube device comprises fixed rod, metal sleeve, two pulleys and spring pressing sheet; Described fixing The rod is fixed under the above-mentioned orifice support and protection device; the metal sleeve is respectively connected to the fixed rod through the horizontal displacement adjustment mechanism and the vertical displacement adjustment mechanism, and the metal sleeve is adjusted horizontally by the two adjustment mechanisms. Move and vertically move up and down; the metal sleeve is symmetrically provided with two open chute, and the open chute extends obliquely outward; the two pulleys are installed in the open chute one by one to slide with the open chute connected, and the pulley corresponds to the opening groove of the rod body, and the two pulleys are also connected by a transmission rod. It is required that the middle of the rim of the pulley protrudes, and its two sides are inwardly recessed, which is conducive to pressing the oil pipe into the outside of the push rod The opening groove of the wall is used to prevent deviation; the spring pressing piece is arranged on the shaft parts on both sides of each pulley, and the spring pressing piece is used to drive the pulley to slide along the opening chute after being stressed. 5. The mechanical parameter drilling in-situ test device of engineering rock mass as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that, the structure of the horizontal displacement adjustment mechanism is: comprising a vertical adjustment slide block, an oblique rod and a telescopic column, The fixed rod of the pipe device is provided with a vertical chute, one end of the inclined rod is slidably connected with the vertical chute through the vertical adjustment slider, and the other end is hinged with the middle part of the telescopic column, and the two ends of the telescopic column are respectively connected to the fixed The rod is connected with the metal sleeve of the pressure tube device, and an unlocking plate is also provided on the vertical adjustment slider, which is convenient for locking and unlocking the vertical adjustment slider; the vertical displacement adjustment mechanism includes sliding bearings, horizontal One end of the telescopic column of the displacement adjustment mechanism is slidably connected with the vertical chute of the fixed rod through a sliding bearing. 6. The mechanical parameter drilling in-situ testing device of engineering rock mass as claimed in claim 5, wherein said video acquisition and display unit comprises a camera and a display screen of a host, the camera is fixed on the positioning pointer, and the display screen of the host is respectively Connect with camera and control system. 7. A method for using an engineering rock mechanics parameter drilling in-situ testing device as claimed in claim 6, wherein the steps are as follows: The first step is to assemble the in-situ test device for drilling mechanical parameters of the rock mass in the connection project Step 1.1, fix the propulsion support system, and align the propulsion end of the propulsion hydraulic cylinder extension end with the drilling hole in the surrounding rock; close the fixed valve of the propulsion hydraulic cylinder to ensure that the propulsion drive device is stable; and place the propulsion rod The replacement connection chamber is installed and locked on the inner convex column at the exposed end of the piston column of the propulsion hydraulic cylinder; Step 1.2: Fix the orifice support protection device and the pressure pipe device; that is: fix the graded chucks of the orifice support protection device on the upper and lower ends of the partition plate of the fixed frame, and anchor them with bolts, and at the same time, place the compression The pipe device is fixed under the fixed frame; Step 1.3, after the hole support and protection device is assembled, install it on the bracket of the propulsion support system base, and transfer it to the drilling hole in the surrounding rock through the lifting bracket, so that it can be fixed on the outer wall of the drilling hole ; In step 1.4, the penetrating loading system and the multi-point testing rotary positioning system are connected together through bearings, so that the two can rotate synchronously, and a drilling TV imaging system is installed on the upper end of the bearing, so that the penetrating loading system, multi-point testing Point test rotary positioning system and borehole TV imaging system can move with the push rod; Step 1.5, install the assembled first push rod on the push end through the push rod to replace the cylindrical opening of the side wall of the connection chamber, and lock the tail of the push rod so that it does not rotate during the push and shaking; Step 1.6, install the pipeline; connect the pipeline to the oil circuit interface of the penetrating loading system through the opening of the cylindrical cylinder on the side wall of the connecting chamber through the push rod, and communicate with the pressure chamber, adjust the butt joints on both sides of the tip of the fixture The size of the semicircular card slot allows the pipe to be pulled freely in it; The second step, drilling in-situ testing Step 2.1, open the propulsion hydraulic cylinder, set the oil pressure loading rate, so that the piston of the propulsion hydraulic cylinder is pushed out slowly, and at the same time, push the propulsion rod, the penetrating loading system and the multi-point test rotary positioning system up close to the drilling hole, After the penetrating loading system at the end of the propelling rod and the multi-point testing rotary positioning system completely pass through the orifice support guard and enter the borehole, stop advancing; Step 2.2, turn on the drilling TV camera, start to record the characteristics of the surrounding rock in the drilling hole through the camera, adjust the telescopic column of the horizontal displacement adjustment mechanism of the pipe pressing device, so that the pulley of the pipe pressing device will push the pipe under the action of the spring pressing plate Press into the open slot, when the locking collar at the end of the push rod is close to the pulley, the push will stop; Step 2.3, turn on the locking switch of the grading chuck, control the grading columns of the upper and lower grading chucks to shrink, clamp the push rod to keep it stable; rotate the piston lock ring of the push hydraulic cylinder, and Open the oil return device of the propulsion hydraulic cylinder, so that the propulsion end moves down slowly and separates from the propulsion rod. When the propulsion hydraulic cylinder moves down to the initial position, close the oil return control valve; Step 2.4, install the push rod again, and open the oil inlet valve of the push hydraulic cylinder, so that the push rod rises slowly, when the single-hole connection socket of the second push rod is inserted into the single needle After the connection plug is connected, the propulsion hydraulic cylinder stops lifting, and the second propulsion rod is turned to make it engage with the locking collar at the end of the first propulsion rod and form a locked state. Finally, the grading clamping column of the grading chuck is controlled to open , so that the propulsion rod gradually enters the depth of the borehole under the promotion of the propulsion hydraulic cylinder; Step 2.5, repeat the operation until the penetrating loading system reaches the surrounding rock of the drilling hole to be measured, control the contraction of the grading chucks of the two grading chucks, clamp the push rod, and control the drive of the penetrating loading system , move the slider along the guide rail, open the protective baffle of the penetrating loading system, expose the single-point loading instrument and the video acquisition unit, turn on the camera of the video acquisition unit, observe the rock mass that needs to be loaded and test, and select the area with complete lithology For loading, the single-point loading instrument is extended through hydraulic pressure to measure the rock mass to be measured, and the damage process and damage form of the rock mass during the loading process are recorded and stored through the video acquisition unit; In step 2.6, after the test of the selected surrounding rock area is completed, the single-point loading instrument is retracted, and the protective baffle is closed, and the load test of the surrounding rock at the same depth and the same horizontal plane in the borehole is calculated. The angle between the point and the initial test point; In step 2.7, the control system adjusts the drive unit to rotate according to the calculated rotation angle, and the drive unit drives the transmission unit to rotate, so that the penetrating probe loading system rotates to the required detection position; Step 2.8, collect the relative position of the positioning pointer and the retest disc and feed it back to the controller, the controller controls the video acquisition and display unit to display the retested rotation angle, and records and stores the retested rotation angle information ; Step 2.9, repeat the operation of the penetrating loading system during the loading process, and complete the load and deformation test of the deformation and failure of the surrounding rock after re-measurement of the angle, until the data of the surrounding rock at the required different angle positions in the same horizontal plane are uniform. After the test is completed, continue to increase the detection depth of the propulsion rod to reach the required test depth and perform related operations; The third step is to disassemble the drilling in-situ testing device for mechanical parameters of engineering rock mass. After testing the surrounding rock at different depths in the same drilling hole, close the controller of the penetrating loading system, open the oil return valve of the propulsion hydraulic cylinder, and open the grading chuck. Step-by-step clamping column, so that the whole device slowly falls back, and disassemble the propulsion rod section by section until the last section is disassembled, and the pipeline is recovered; the orifice support and protection device is lowered to the ground through the lifting bracket, and disassembled; open Propel the fixed valve on the universal ball joint of the support system, adjust the propulsion hydraulic cylinder to the initial position, and at the same time, disassemble the base and place it in the external reserve box; The fourth step, data processing Export the load and displacement data stored in the loading process, process and generate the load-displacement curve; convert the load-displacement curve into a stress-strain curve through formula conversion, obtain the peak strength and corresponding strain value, and obtain the corresponding formula Other mechanical parameters of rock mass.

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