CN108443484A - The fast push button gearshift of tractor speed changer 12 and control method - Google Patents
The fast push button gearshift of tractor speed changer 12 and control method Download PDFInfo
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- CN108443484A CN108443484A CN201810610931.1A CN201810610931A CN108443484A CN 108443484 A CN108443484 A CN 108443484A CN 201810610931 A CN201810610931 A CN 201810610931A CN 108443484 A CN108443484 A CN 108443484A
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 28
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000009347 mechanical transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16H—GEARING
- F16H59/00—Control inputs to control units of change-speed-, or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion
- F16H59/02—Selector apparatus
- F16H59/08—Range selector apparatus
- F16H59/12—Range selector apparatus comprising push button devices
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16H—GEARING
- F16H61/00—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing
- F16H61/04—Smoothing ratio shift
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16H—GEARING
- F16H2200/00—Transmissions for multiple ratios
- F16H2200/003—Transmissions for multiple ratios characterised by the number of forward speeds
- F16H2200/006—Transmissions for multiple ratios characterised by the number of forward speeds the gear ratios comprising eight forward speeds
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16H—GEARING
- F16H2200/00—Transmissions for multiple ratios
- F16H2200/0082—Transmissions for multiple ratios characterised by the number of reverse speeds
- F16H2200/0095—Transmissions for multiple ratios characterised by the number of reverse speeds the gear ratios comprising four reverse speeds
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- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Gear-Shifting Mechanisms (AREA)
Abstract
本发明提出一种拖拉机变速器12挡位换挡装置与控制方法，利用伺服电机推动螺杆的进动实现机械式换挡操作，减少驾驶人员的操纵工作量，提高燃油的经济性，还可广泛应用于车辆变速器的自动控制工作；换挡装置由副主变速换挡装置、主变速换挡装置和离合断合装置组成；副主变速低高挡换挡装置和主变速换挡装置配合，产生八个前进挡位；副主变速倒挡换挡装置和主变速换挡装置配合，产生四个倒退挡位；低挡+1挡＝前进1挡，低挡+2挡＝前进2挡，低挡+3挡＝前进3挡，低挡+4挡＝前进4挡；高挡+1挡＝前进5挡，高挡+2挡＝前进6挡，高挡+3挡＝前进7挡，高挡+4挡＝前进8挡；倒挡+1挡＝倒1挡，倒挡+2挡＝倒2挡，倒挡+3挡＝倒3挡，倒挡+4挡＝倒4挡。The present invention proposes a 12-gear shifting device and control method for a tractor transmission, which utilizes the servo motor to push the precession of the screw to realize the mechanical shifting operation, reduces the operating workload of the driver, improves fuel economy, and can be widely used It is used for the automatic control of the vehicle transmission; the shifting device is composed of the auxiliary main transmission shifting device, the main transmission shifting device and the clutch disconnection device; the auxiliary main transmission low-high gear shifting device cooperates with the main transmission shifting device to generate eight four forward gears; the auxiliary main gear reverse gear shifting device cooperates with the main gear shifting gear to produce four reverse gears; low gear + 1st gear = forward 1st gear, low gear + 2nd gear = forward 2nd gear, low gear +3 gear = 3 forward gears, low gear + 4 gears = forward 4 gears; high gear + 1 gear = forward 5 gears, high gear + 2 gears = forward 6 gears, high gear + 3 gears = forward 7 gears, high gear + 4 gears = 8 forward gears; reverse gear + 1 gear = reverse 1 gear, reverse gear + 2 gears = reverse 2 gears, reverse gear + 3 gears = reverse 3 gears, reverse gear + 4 gears = reverse 4 gears.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及一种拖拉机变速器按钮式换挡控制装置，尤其是一种拖拉机变速器12挡位换挡装置与控制方法。The invention relates to a push-button shift control device for a tractor transmission, in particular to a 12-gear shift device and a control method for a tractor transmission.
背景技术Background technique
在汽车产业中，变速器的换挡性能优劣直接影响汽车的燃油经济性、换挡平顺性和乘坐舒适性等。传统机械式变速器需驾驶员频繁换挡以满足动力性要求，频繁换挡加重了驾驶员的劳动强度；并且驾驶员驾驶技术的好坏，对汽车的性能具有较大的影响。在现有拖拉机的变速器中，大多是机械式传动，效率低。在复杂路面行驶时，车速变化较大，换挡频繁，增大了驾驶人员操纵工作量。在紧急情况下，容易出现离合和油门踏板的误判，从而导致事故率上升。目前的机动车自动换挡可分为液力自动变速器和电控自动变速器。自动变速器主要是有液力变矩器、行星齿轮组、制动器、离合器、液压泵和电磁阀组成，结构复杂，而且大都属于高精密元件，成本高。本发明利用步进电机推动螺杆的进动实现机械式换挡操作，减少驾驶人员的操纵工作量，提高燃油的经济性，还可广泛应用于车辆变速器的自动控制工作。In the automobile industry, the shifting performance of the transmission directly affects the fuel economy, shifting smoothness and ride comfort of the car. The traditional mechanical transmission requires the driver to shift gears frequently to meet the power requirements, which increases the labor intensity of the driver; and the driver's driving skills have a greater impact on the performance of the car. Most of the transmissions of existing tractors are mechanical transmissions with low efficiency. When driving on complex road surfaces, the speed of the vehicle changes greatly, and the gear changes frequently, which increases the workload of the driver. In an emergency, misjudgment of the clutch and accelerator pedals is prone to occur, resulting in an increase in the accident rate. Current motor vehicle automatic shifting can be divided into hydraulic automatic transmission and electronically controlled automatic transmission. The automatic transmission is mainly composed of a hydraulic torque converter, a planetary gear set, a brake, a clutch, a hydraulic pump, and a solenoid valve. The structure is complex, and most of them are high-precision components, and the cost is high. The invention utilizes the stepping motor to push the precession of the screw rod to realize the mechanical shifting operation, reduces the manipulating workload of the driver, improves the fuel economy, and can also be widely used in the automatic control work of the vehicle transmission.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明针对车辆变速器操纵复杂的现状，提出一种拖拉机变速器12速按钮式换挡控制装置与控制方法。Aiming at the present situation that the operation of the vehicle transmission is complicated, the present invention proposes a 12-speed push-button shift control device and control method for the tractor transmission.
本发明专利解决其技术问题所采用的方案是：所述拖拉机变速器12速按钮式换挡装置由按钮装置、控制装置和换挡装置组成。其特征在于：所述按钮装置由主变速1挡、2挡、3挡、4挡和空挡五个触发按钮，副主变速高挡、低挡、空挡、倒挡和倒空挡五个触发按钮组成。每个触发按钮装有红或绿指示灯，显示挡位位置，其中主变速挡位安装绿色指示灯，副主变速挡位安装红色指示灯。The solution adopted by the patent of the present invention to solve its technical problem is: the 12-speed push-button shifting device of the tractor transmission is composed of a push-button device, a control device and a shifting device. It is characterized in that: the button device is composed of five trigger buttons of main gear 1st gear, 2nd gear, 3rd gear, 4th gear and neutral gear, and five trigger buttons of auxiliary main gear gear high gear, low gear, neutral gear, reverse gear and reverse gear . Each trigger button is equipped with a red or green indicator light to show the position of the gear, wherein the main gear is equipped with a green indicator light, and the auxiliary main gear is equipped with a red indicator light.
所述控制装置由供电电源、PLC控制器、开关和导线组成。The control device is composed of a power supply, a PLC controller, a switch and wires.
所述换挡装置由副主变速换挡装置、主变速换挡装置和离合断合装置组成。The shifting device is composed of an auxiliary main gear shifting device, a main gear shifting device and a clutch breaking device.
所述副主变速换挡装置由低高挡换挡装置和倒挡换挡装置组成；所述低高挡换挡装置由低高电机、万向节、螺杆、高挡限位开关、低高挡滑块、低挡限位开关和螺杆固定端组成。所述低高电机右端连接万向节，万向节右端连接螺杆，螺杆与低高挡滑块中间的螺纹孔连接，螺杆转动时，低高挡滑块产生水平方向的位移，低高挡滑块与低高挡拨叉固结，高挡限位开关位于低高挡滑块的左上端，低挡限位开关位于低高挡滑块的右上端，螺杆与螺杆固定端连接，拨叉通过拨叉连接孔连接。The auxiliary main gear shifting device is composed of a low-high gear shifting device and a reverse gear shifting device; the low-high gear shifting device is composed of a low-high motor, a universal joint, a screw, a high-speed limit switch, a low It consists of a sliding block, a low gear limit switch and a screw fixed end. The right end of the low-high motor is connected to the universal joint, and the right end of the universal joint is connected to the screw rod, and the screw rod is connected to the threaded hole in the middle of the low-high gear slider. When the screw rotates, the low-high gear slider produces a horizontal displacement, and the low-high gear slides The block is fixed with the low and high gear shift fork, the high gear limit switch is located at the upper left end of the low and high gear slider, the low gear limit switch is located at the upper right end of the low and high gear slider, the screw rod is connected with the fixed end of the screw rod, and the shift fork passes through Fork connection hole connection.
所述倒挡换挡装置由倒挡电机、万向节、螺杆、倒挡限位开关、倒挡滑块和螺杆固定端组成。所述倒挡电机右端连接万向节，万向节右端连接螺杆，螺杆与倒挡滑块中间的螺纹孔连接，倒挡滑块与倒挡拨叉固结，倒挡限位开关位于倒挡滑块的左上端，螺杆与螺杆固定端连接。The reverse gear shifting device is composed of a reverse gear motor, a universal joint, a screw rod, a reverse gear limit switch, a reverse gear slider and a fixed end of the screw rod. The right end of the reverse gear motor is connected to the universal joint, the right end of the universal joint is connected to a screw rod, the screw rod is connected to the threaded hole in the middle of the reverse gear slider, the reverse gear slider is fixed with the reverse gear fork, and the reverse gear limit switch is located at the reverse gear The upper left end of the slider is connected with the fixed end of the screw rod.
所述主变速换挡装置由1-2换挡装置和3-4换挡装置组成。所述1-2换挡装置由1-2电机、万向节、螺杆、1挡限位开关、1-2挡滑块、2挡限位开关和螺杆固定端组成，1-2电机右端连接万向节，万向节右端连接螺杆，螺杆与1-2挡滑块中间的螺纹孔连接，1-2挡滑块与1-2挡拨叉固结，1挡限位开关位于1-2挡滑块的左上端，2挡限位开关位于1-2挡滑块的右上端，螺杆与螺杆固定端连接。The main transmission shifting device is composed of a 1-2 shifting device and a 3-4 shifting device. The 1-2 shifting device is composed of a 1-2 motor, a universal joint, a screw, a 1st gear limit switch, a 1-2 gear slider, a 2nd gear limit switch and a screw fixed end, and the right end of the 1-2 motor is connected to Universal joint, the right end of the universal joint is connected to the screw rod, the screw rod is connected to the threaded hole in the middle of the 1-2 gear slider, the 1-2 gear slider is fixed with the 1-2 gear fork, and the 1 gear limit switch is located at 1-2 The upper left end of the block slider, the 2nd gear limit switch is located at the upper right end of the 1-2 block slider, and the screw rod is connected with the fixed end of the screw rod.
所述3-4换挡装置由3-4电机、万向节、螺杆、3挡限位开关、3-4挡滑块、4挡限位开关和螺杆固定端组成，3-4电机右端连接万向节，万向节右端连接螺杆，螺杆与3-4挡滑块中间的螺纹孔连接，低高挡滑块与低高挡拨叉固结，3挡限位开关位于3-4挡滑块的左上端，4挡限位开关位于3-4挡滑块的右上端，螺杆与螺杆固定端连接。The 3-4 gear shifting device is composed of a 3-4 motor, a universal joint, a screw, a 3-speed limit switch, a 3-4 gear slider, a 4-speed limit switch and a fixed end of the screw rod, and the right end of the 3-4 motor is connected to Universal joint, the right end of the universal joint is connected to the screw rod, the screw rod is connected to the threaded hole in the middle of the 3-4 gear slider, the low and high gear slider is fixed with the low and high gear fork, and the 3rd gear limit switch is located at the 3-4 gear slider The upper left end of the block, the 4 gear limit switch is positioned at the upper right end of the 3-4 gear slider, and the screw rod is connected with the screw rod fixed end.
所述离合断合装置由电动推杆、推杆和离合限位开关组成。所述离合电机右端连接万向节，万向节右端连接电动推杆，离合限位开关位于电动推杆的左上端，电动推杆右端与离合器拉杆连接。The clutch breaking device is composed of an electric push rod, a push rod and a clutch limit switch. The right end of the clutch motor is connected with a universal joint, the right end of the universal joint is connected with an electric push rod, the clutch limit switch is located at the upper left end of the electric push rod, and the right end of the electric push rod is connected with the clutch pull rod.
换挡装置控制过程：根据实际路况和行驶情况，先选择副主变速低挡或高挡或倒挡的触发按钮，再选择主变速中1挡或2挡或3挡或4挡或空挡，完成换挡操作。The control process of the shifting device: according to the actual road conditions and driving conditions, first select the trigger button of the auxiliary main transmission low gear or high gear or reverse gear, and then select the 1st or 2nd or 3rd or 4th gear or neutral gear in the main transmission, and the completion Shift operation.
触发低挡按钮，低挡按钮指示灯亮，触发信号输入控制器，控制器输出离合断开信号，离合器断开，推杆回缩70mm，控制器输出低高电机逆时针旋转指令信号，低高挡电机逆时针旋转，低高挡滑块在螺杆作用下向左运动，直到接触低挡限位开关，低高挡滑块带动低挡拨叉向左运动，变速器挡位进入低挡，低挡限位开关触发信号输入控制器，控制器输出低高挡电机停止工作信号，电机转动停止，控制器输出离合闭合信号，离合器闭合，低挡换挡结束。Trigger the low gear button, the indicator light of the low gear button is on, the trigger signal is input to the controller, the controller outputs the clutch disconnection signal, the clutch is disconnected, the push rod retracts 70mm, the controller outputs the low high motor counterclockwise rotation command signal, the low high gear The motor rotates counterclockwise, and the low-high gear slider moves leftward under the action of the screw until it touches the low-gear limit switch. The trigger signal of the bit switch is input to the controller, and the controller outputs a low-high gear motor stop working signal, the motor stops rotating, the controller outputs a clutch close signal, the clutch is closed, and the low gear shift is completed.
触发空挡按钮，空挡按钮指示灯亮，触发信号输入控制器，控制器输出离合断开信号，离合器断开，推杆回缩70mm，根据上一挡位位置判断控制器输出低高电机的指令信号；若上一挡位为低挡，则控制器输出顺时针旋转指令信号，低高挡电机顺时针旋转，低高挡滑块在螺杆作用下向右运动，直到初始位置，控制器输出低高挡电机停止工作信号，电机转动停止，控制器输出离合闭合信号，离合器闭合，从低挡到空挡换挡结束。若上一挡位为高挡，则控制器输出逆时针旋转指令信号，低高挡电机逆时针旋转，低高挡滑块在螺杆作用下向左运动，直到初始位置，控制器输出低高挡电机停止工作信号，电机转动停止，控制器输出离合闭合信号，离合器闭合，从高挡到空挡换挡结束。倒空挡采用类似的控制方法。Trigger the neutral button, the indicator light of the neutral button is on, the trigger signal is input to the controller, the controller outputs the clutch disconnection signal, the clutch is disconnected, the push rod retracts 70mm, and the controller outputs the command signal of the low and high motor according to the position of the previous gear; If the last gear is a low gear, the controller outputs a clockwise rotation command signal, the low and high gear motor rotates clockwise, and the low and high gear slider moves to the right under the action of the screw until it reaches the initial position, and the controller outputs a low and high gear The motor stops working signal, the motor rotation stops, the controller outputs the clutch closing signal, the clutch is closed, and the shift from low gear to neutral gear is completed. If the last gear is a high gear, the controller outputs a counterclockwise rotation command signal, the low and high gear motor rotates counterclockwise, and the low and high gear slider moves to the left under the action of the screw until it reaches the initial position, and the controller outputs a low and high gear The motor stops working signal, the motor rotation stops, the controller outputs the clutch closing signal, the clutch is closed, and the shift from high gear to neutral gear is completed. The reverse gear uses a similar control method.
触发高挡按钮，高挡按钮指示灯亮，触发信号输入控制器，控制器输出离合断开信号，离合器断开，推杆回缩70mm，控制器输出低高电机顺时针旋转指令信号，低高挡电机顺时针旋转，低高挡滑块在螺杆作用下向右运动，低高挡滑块带动低挡拨叉向右运动，变速器挡位进入高挡，直到接触高挡限位开关，高挡限位开关触发信号输入控制器，控制器输出低高挡电机停止工作信号，电机转动停止，控制器输出离合闭合信号，离合器闭合，高挡换挡结束。Trigger the high gear button, the indicator light of the high gear button is on, the trigger signal is input to the controller, the controller outputs a clutch disconnection signal, the clutch is disconnected, the push rod retracts 70mm, the controller outputs a low high motor clockwise rotation command signal, low high gear The motor rotates clockwise, the low and high gear slider moves to the right under the action of the screw, the low and high gear slider drives the low gear shift fork to move to the right, the transmission gear enters the high gear, until it touches the high gear limit switch, the high gear limit switch The trigger signal of the bit switch is input to the controller, and the controller outputs a low-high gear motor stop working signal, the motor stops rotating, the controller outputs a clutch close signal, the clutch is closed, and the high gear shift is completed.
倒挡和倒空挡采用与低挡、空挡和高挡类似的控制方法。Reverse and neutral gears are controlled in a similar way to low, neutral and high gears.
触发1挡按钮，1挡按钮指示灯亮，触发信号输入控制器，控制器输出离合断开信号，离合器断开，推杆回缩70mm，控制器输出1-2电机逆时针旋转指令信号，1-2挡电机逆时针旋转，1-2挡滑块在螺杆作用下向左运动，1-2挡滑块带动1-2拨叉向左运动，变速器挡位进入1挡，直到接触1挡限位开关，1挡限位开关触发信号输入控制器，控制器输出1-2挡电机停止工作信号，1-2挡电机转动停止，控制器输出离合闭合信号，离合器闭合，1挡换挡结束。Trigger the 1st gear button, the indicator light of the 1st gear button is on, the trigger signal is input to the controller, the controller outputs a clutch disconnection signal, the clutch is disconnected, the push rod retracts 70mm, the controller outputs a 1-2 motor counterclockwise rotation command signal, 1- The 2nd gear motor rotates counterclockwise, the 1-2 gear slider moves to the left under the action of the screw, the 1-2 gear slider drives the 1-2 shift fork to move to the left, and the transmission gear enters the 1st gear until it touches the 1st gear limit Switch, the trigger signal of the 1st gear limit switch is input to the controller, the controller outputs the 1-2 gear motor stop working signal, the 1-2 gear motor stops rotating, the controller outputs the clutch close signal, the clutch is closed, and the 1st gear shift is completed.
触发2挡按钮，2挡按钮指示灯亮，触发信号输入控制器，控制器输出离合断开信号，离合器断开，推杆回缩70mm，控制器输出1-2电机顺时针旋转指令信号，1-2挡电机顺时针旋转，1-2挡滑块在螺杆作用下向右运动，1-2挡滑块带动1-2拨叉向右运动，变速器挡位进入2挡，直到接触2挡限位开关，2挡限位开关触发信号输入控制器，控制器输出1-2挡电机停止工作信号，1-2挡电机转动停止，控制器输出离合闭合信号，离合器闭合，2挡换挡结束。3-4挡和空挡采用类似的控制方法。Trigger the 2nd gear button, the 2nd gear button indicator light is on, the trigger signal is input to the controller, the controller outputs a clutch disconnection signal, the clutch is disconnected, the push rod retracts 70mm, the controller outputs a 1-2 motor clockwise rotation command signal, 1- The 2nd gear motor rotates clockwise, the 1-2 gear slider moves to the right under the action of the screw, the 1-2 gear slider drives the 1-2 shift fork to move to the right, and the transmission gear enters the 2nd gear until it touches the 2nd gear limit Switch, 2nd gear limit switch trigger signal input controller, controller outputs 1-2 gear motor stop working signal, 1-2 gear motor rotation stops, controller outputs clutch close signal, clutch closes, 2 gear shift ends. 3-4 gears and neutral gear adopt similar control methods.
副主变速低高挡换挡装置和主变速换挡装置配合，产生八个前进挡位；副主变速倒挡换挡装置和主变速换挡装置配合，产生四个倒退挡位。低挡+1挡＝前进1挡，低挡+2挡＝前进2挡，低挡+3挡＝前进3挡，低挡+4挡＝前进4挡；高挡+1挡＝前进5挡，高挡+2挡＝前进6挡，高挡+3挡＝前进7挡，高挡+4挡＝前进8挡；倒挡+1挡＝倒1挡，倒挡+2挡＝倒2挡，倒挡+3挡＝倒3挡，倒挡+4挡＝倒4挡。The sub-main transmission low-high gear shifting device cooperates with the main transmission shifting device to produce eight forward gears; the auxiliary main transmission reverse gear shifting device cooperates with the main transmission shifting device to produce four reverse gears. Low gear + 1st gear = forward 1st gear, low gear + 2nd gear = forward 2nd gear, low gear + 3rd gear = forward 3rd gear, low gear + 4th gear = forward 4th gear; high gear + 1st gear = forward 5th gear, High gear + 2 gears = 6 forward gears, high gear + 3 gears = forward 7 gears, high gear + 4 gears = forward 8 gears; reverse gear + 1 gear = reverse 1 gear, reverse gear + 2 gears = reverse 2 gears, Reverse gear + 3 gears = reverse 3 gears, reverse gear + 4 gears = reverse 4 gears.
停车时，主变速和副变速换挡挡位进入空挡挡位后，启动驻车制动。When parking, after the main transmission and auxiliary transmission shift gears enter the neutral gear, start the parking brake.
本发明与现有技术相比具有如下优点：Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:
1.变速控制系统利用螺杆的自锁特性，和控制器的互锁功能，有效锁定传动结构的位置，替代机械式互锁和自锁装置，减小了挡位切换过程的换挡作用力。1. The variable speed control system uses the self-locking characteristics of the screw and the interlocking function of the controller to effectively lock the position of the transmission structure, replacing the mechanical interlocking and self-locking devices, and reducing the shifting force during the gear shifting process.
2.按钮式换挡系统能有效降低汽车操纵难度，提高汽车燃油经济性。2. The push-button shift system can effectively reduce the difficulty of car operation and improve the fuel economy of the car.
3.按钮式换挡系统能有效降低驾驶员操作失误导致的离合器过度磨损，延长离合器使用寿命。3. The push-button shift system can effectively reduce the excessive wear of the clutch caused by the driver's operation error and prolong the service life of the clutch.
附图说明Description of drawings
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明专利进一步说明。Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and embodiment the patent of the present invention is further described.
附图1按钮式换挡装置示意图；Accompanying drawing 1 schematic diagram of push-button shifting device;
附图2按钮式变速器控制流程图。Accompanying drawing 2 push-button transmission control flowchart.
图中，1、低高电机 2、万向节 3、螺杆 4、高挡限位开关 5、低高挡滑块 6、低挡限位开关 7、螺杆固定端 8、1-2电机 9、1挡限位开关 10、1-2挡滑块 11、2挡限位开关 12、4挡限位开关 13、3挡限位开关 14、3-4挡滑块 15、3-4电机 16、倒挡滑块 17、倒挡限位开关18倒挡电机 19、电动推杆 20、离合限位开关 21、推杆 22、拨叉连接孔Among the figure, 1, low and high motor 2, universal joint 3, screw rod 4, high gear limit switch 5, low and high gear slider 6, low gear limit switch 7, screw fixed end 8, 1-2 motor 9, 1 gear limit switch 10, 1-2 gear slider 11, 2 gear limit switch 12, 4 gear limit switch 13, 3 gear limit switch 14, 3-4 gear slider 15, 3-4 motor 16, Reverse gear slider 17, reverse gear limit switch 18 reverse gear motor 19, electric push rod 20, clutch limit switch 21, push rod 22, fork connection hole
具体实施方案specific implementation plan
下面结合附图1和2对本发明进一步说明：Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing 1 and 2 the present invention is further described:
本实施例的主体机构包括按钮装置、控制装置和换挡装置三部分。其特征在于：所述按钮装置由主变速1挡、2挡、3挡、4挡和空挡五个触发按钮，副主变速高挡、低挡、空挡、倒挡和倒空挡五个触发按钮组成。每个触发按钮装有红或绿亮灯，显示挡位位置，其中主变速挡位安装绿色指示灯，副主变速挡位安装红色指示灯。The main mechanism of this embodiment includes three parts: a button device, a control device and a shifting device. It is characterized in that: the button device is composed of five trigger buttons of main gear 1st gear, 2nd gear, 3rd gear, 4th gear and neutral gear, and five trigger buttons of auxiliary main gear gear high gear, low gear, neutral gear, reverse gear and reverse gear . Each trigger button is equipped with a red or green light to show the position of the gear, wherein the main gear is equipped with a green indicator light, and the auxiliary main gear is equipped with a red indicator light.
所述控制装置由供电电源、PLC控制器、开关和导线组成。The control device is composed of a power supply, a PLC controller, a switch and wires.
所述换挡装置由副主变速换挡装置、主变速换挡装置和离合断合装置组成。The shifting device is composed of an auxiliary main gear shifting device, a main gear shifting device and a clutch breaking device.
所述副主变速换挡装置由低高挡换挡装置和倒挡换挡装置组成；所述低高挡换挡装置由低高电机1、万向节2、螺杆3、高挡限位开关4、低高挡滑块5、低挡限位开关6和螺杆固定端7组成。所述低高电机1右端连接万向节2，万向节2右端连接螺杆3，螺杆3与低高挡滑块5中间的螺纹孔连接，螺杆3转动时，低高挡滑块5产生水平方向的位移，高挡限位开关4位于低高挡滑块5的左上端，低挡限位开关6位于低高挡滑块5的右上端，螺杆3与螺杆固定端7连接；所述倒挡换挡装置由倒挡电机18、万向节2、螺杆3、倒挡限位开关17、倒挡滑块16和螺杆固定端7组成。所述倒挡电机18右端连接万向节2，万向节2右端连接螺杆3，螺杆3与倒挡滑块16中间的螺纹孔连接，倒挡限位开关17位于倒挡滑块16的左上端，螺杆3与螺杆固定端7连接，拨叉通过拨叉连接孔22连接。The auxiliary main transmission shifting device is composed of a low-high gear shifting device and a reverse gear shifting device; the low-high gear shifting device is composed of a low-high motor 1, a universal joint 2, a screw rod 3, and a high-speed limit switch 4. It is composed of low and high gear slide block 5, low gear limit switch 6 and screw fixed end 7. The right end of the low-high motor 1 is connected to the universal joint 2, and the right end of the universal joint 2 is connected to the screw 3, and the screw 3 is connected to the threaded hole in the middle of the low-high block slider 5. When the screw rod 3 rotates, the low-high block slider 5 generates a horizontal direction displacement, the high gear limit switch 4 is positioned at the upper left end of the low and high gear slider 5, the low gear limit switch 6 is positioned at the upper right end of the low and high gear slider 5, and the screw rod 3 is connected with the screw rod fixed end 7; Gear shifter is made up of reverse gear motor 18, universal joint 2, screw rod 3, reverse gear limit switch 17, reverse gear slide block 16 and screw rod fixed end 7. The right end of the reverse gear motor 18 is connected to the universal joint 2, and the right end of the universal joint 2 is connected to the screw rod 3. end, the screw rod 3 is connected to the screw rod fixed end 7, and the shift fork is connected through the shift fork connecting hole 22.
所述主变速换挡装置由1-2换挡装置和3-4换挡装置组成。所述1-2换挡装置由1-2电机8、万向节2、螺杆3、1挡限位开关9、1-2挡滑块10、2挡限位开关11和螺杆固定端7组成，1-2电机8右端连接万向节2，万向节2右端连接螺杆3，螺杆3与1-2挡滑块10中间的螺纹孔连接，1挡限位开关9位于1-2挡滑块10的左上端，2挡限位开关11位于1-2挡滑块10的右上端，螺杆3与螺杆固定端7连接。所述3-4换挡装置由3-4电机15、万向节2、螺杆3、3挡限位开关13、3-4挡滑块14、4挡限位开关12和螺杆固定端7组成，3-4电机15右端连接万向节2，万向节2右端连接螺杆3，螺杆3与3-4挡滑块14中间的螺纹孔连接，3挡限位开关13位于3-4挡滑块14的左上端，4挡限位开关12位于3-4挡滑块14的右上端，螺杆3与螺杆固定端7连接。The main transmission shifting device is composed of a 1-2 shifting device and a 3-4 shifting device. The 1-2 shift device is composed of 1-2 motor 8, universal joint 2, screw rod 3, 1st gear limit switch 9, 1-2 gear slider 10, 2nd gear limit switch 11 and screw fixed end 7 , the right end of the 1-2 motor 8 is connected to the universal joint 2, the right end of the universal joint 2 is connected to the screw 3, the screw 3 is connected to the threaded hole in the middle of the 1-2 block slider 10, and the 1st block limit switch 9 is located at the 1-2 block slip The upper left end of block 10, 2 gear limit switches 11 are positioned at the upper right end of 1-2 block slide block 10, and screw rod 3 is connected with screw rod fixed end 7. The 3-4 shifting device is composed of a 3-4 motor 15, a universal joint 2, a screw rod 3, a 3rd gear limit switch 13, a 3-4 gear slider 14, a 4th gear limit switch 12 and a screw fixed end 7. , the right end of the 3-4 motor 15 is connected to the universal joint 2, the right end of the universal joint 2 is connected to the screw 3, the screw 3 is connected to the threaded hole in the middle of the 3-4 block slider 14, and the 3-speed limit switch 13 is located at the 3-4 block The upper left end of block 14, 4 gear limit switches 12 are positioned at the upper right end of 3-4 block slide block 14, and screw rod 3 is connected with screw rod fixed end 7.
所述离合断合装置由离合电机19、电动推杆21和离合限位开关20组成。所述离合电机19右端连接电动推杆21，离合限位开关20位于电动推杆21的左上端，电动推杆21右端与离合器拉杆连接。The clutch breaking device is made up of a clutch motor 19 , an electric push rod 21 and a clutch limit switch 20 . The right end of the clutch motor 19 is connected to the electric push rod 21, the clutch limit switch 20 is located at the upper left end of the electric push rod 21, and the right end of the electric push rod 21 is connected with the clutch pull rod.
换挡装置控制过程：根据实际路况和行驶情况，先选择副主变速中低挡或高挡或倒挡的触发按钮，再选择主变速中1挡或2挡或3挡或4挡，完成换挡操作。The control process of the shifting device: according to the actual road conditions and driving conditions, first select the trigger button of the low gear or high gear or reverse gear of the auxiliary main transmission, and then select the 1st or 2nd or 3rd or 4th gear of the main transmission to complete the shift. block operation.
触发低挡按钮，低挡按钮指示灯亮，触发信号输入控制器，控制器输出离合断开信号，电动推杆21回缩70mm，离合器断开，控制器输出低高电机1逆时针旋转指令信号，低高挡电机1逆时针旋转，低高挡滑块5在螺杆3作用下向左运动，直到接触低挡限位开关6，低挡限位开关6触发信号输入控制器，控制器输出低高挡电机1停止工作信号，电机转动停止，控制器输出离合闭合信号，离合器闭合，低挡换挡结束。倒挡采用类似的控制方法。Trigger the low gear button, the indicator light of the low gear button is on, the trigger signal is input to the controller, the controller outputs a clutch disconnection signal, the electric push rod 21 retracts 70mm, the clutch is disconnected, and the controller outputs a low and high motor 1 counterclockwise rotation command signal, The low-high gear motor 1 rotates counterclockwise, and the low-high gear slider 5 moves to the left under the action of the screw 3 until it touches the low-gear limit switch 6. The trigger signal of the low-gear limit switch 6 is input to the controller, and the controller outputs a low-high gear. Gear motor 1 stop working signal, the motor rotation stops, the controller outputs the clutch closing signal, the clutch is closed, and the low gear shift ends. The reverse gear uses a similar control method.
触发空挡按钮，空挡按钮指示灯亮，触发信号输入控制器，控制器输出离合断开信号，电动推杆21回缩70mm，离合器断开，根据上一挡位位置判断控制器输出低高电机1的指令信号。若上一挡位为低挡，则控制器输出顺时针旋转指令信号，低高挡电机1顺时针旋转，低高挡滑块5在螺杆3作用下向右运动，直到初始位置，控制器输出低高挡电机1停止工作信号，电机转动停止，控制器输出离合闭合信号，离合器闭合，从低挡到空挡换挡结束。若上一挡位为高挡，则控制器输出逆时针旋转指令信号，低高挡电机1逆时针旋转，低高挡滑块5在螺杆3作用下向左运动，直到初始位置，控制器输出低高挡电机1停止工作信号，电机转动停止，控制器输出离合闭合信号，离合器闭合，从高挡到空挡换挡结束。倒空挡采用类似的控制方法。Trigger the neutral button, the indicator light of the neutral button is on, the trigger signal is input to the controller, the controller outputs a clutch disconnection signal, the electric push rod 21 retracts 70mm, the clutch is disconnected, and the controller outputs low and high according to the position of the previous gear. command signal. If the last gear is a low gear, the controller outputs a clockwise rotation command signal, the low and high gear motor 1 rotates clockwise, and the low and high gear slider 5 moves to the right under the action of the screw 3 until it reaches the initial position, and the controller outputs The low-high gear motor 1 stops working signal, the motor rotation stops, the controller outputs the clutch closing signal, the clutch is closed, and the shift from low gear to neutral gear ends. If the last gear is a high gear, the controller outputs a counterclockwise rotation command signal, the low and high gear motor 1 rotates counterclockwise, and the low and high gear slider 5 moves to the left under the action of the screw 3 until it reaches the initial position, and the controller outputs The low-high gear motor 1 stops working signal, the motor rotation stops, the controller outputs the clutch closing signal, the clutch is closed, and the shift from high gear to neutral gear is completed. The reverse gear uses a similar control method.
触发高挡按钮，高挡按钮指示灯亮，触发信号输入控制器，控制器输出离合断开信号，电动推杆21回缩70mm，离合器断开，控制器输出低高电机1顺时针旋转指令信号，低高挡电机1顺时针旋转，低高挡滑块5在螺杆3作用下向右运动，直到接触高挡限位开关4，高挡限位开关4触发信号输入控制器，控制器输出低高挡电机1停止工作信号，电机转动停止，控制器输出离合闭合信号，离合器闭合，高挡换挡结束。Trigger the high gear button, the indicator light of the high gear button is on, the trigger signal is input to the controller, the controller outputs a clutch disconnection signal, the electric push rod 21 retracts 70mm, the clutch is disconnected, and the controller outputs a low and high motor 1 clockwise rotation command signal, The low and high gear motor 1 rotates clockwise, and the low and high gear slider 5 moves to the right under the action of the screw 3 until it touches the high gear limit switch 4. The trigger signal of the high gear limit switch 4 is input to the controller, and the controller outputs low and high Gear motor 1 stop working signal, the motor rotation stops, the controller outputs the clutch closing signal, the clutch is closed, and the high gear shift ends.
触发1挡按钮，1挡按钮指示灯亮，触发信号输入控制器，控制器输出离合断开信号，电动推杆21回缩70mm，离合器断开，控制器输出1-2电机8逆时针旋转指令信号，1-2挡电机8逆时针旋转，1-2挡滑块10在螺杆3作用下向左运动，直到接触1挡限位开关9，1挡限位开关9触发信号输入控制器，控制器输出1-2挡电机8停止工作信号，1-2挡电机8转动停止，控制器输出离合闭合信号，离合器闭合，1挡换挡结束。2-4挡和空挡采用与高低挡空挡类似的控制方法。Trigger the 1st gear button, the indicator light of the 1st gear button is on, the trigger signal is input to the controller, the controller outputs the clutch disconnection signal, the electric push rod 21 retracts 70mm, the clutch is disconnected, and the controller outputs the 1-2 motor 8 counterclockwise rotation command signal , the 1-2 gear motor 8 rotates counterclockwise, the 1-2 gear slider 10 moves to the left under the action of the screw 3, until it touches the 1 gear limit switch 9, the 1 gear limit switch 9 triggers the input controller, the controller Output the 1-2 gear motor 8 stop working signal, the 1-2 gear motor 8 stops rotating, the controller outputs the clutch close signal, the clutch is closed, and the 1 gear shift is completed. 2-4 gears and neutral gears adopt a control method similar to high and low gear neutral gears.
副主变速低高挡换挡装置和主变速换挡装置配合，产生八个前进挡位；副主变速倒挡换挡装置和主变速换挡装置配合，产生四个倒退挡位。低挡+1挡＝前进1挡，低挡+2挡＝前进2挡，低挡+3挡＝前进3挡，低挡+4挡＝前进4挡；高挡+1挡＝前进5挡，高挡+2挡＝前进6挡，高挡+3挡＝前进7挡，高挡+4挡＝前进8挡；倒挡+1挡＝倒1挡，倒挡+2挡＝倒2挡，倒挡+3挡＝倒3挡，倒挡+4挡＝倒4挡。The sub-main transmission low-high gear shifting device cooperates with the main transmission shifting device to produce eight forward gears; the auxiliary main transmission reverse gear shifting device cooperates with the main transmission shifting device to produce four reverse gears. Low gear + 1st gear = forward 1st gear, low gear + 2nd gear = forward 2nd gear, low gear + 3rd gear = forward 3rd gear, low gear + 4th gear = forward 4th gear; high gear + 1st gear = forward 5th gear, High gear + 2 gears = 6 forward gears, high gear + 3 gears = forward 7 gears, high gear + 4 gears = forward 8 gears; reverse gear + 1 gear = reverse 1 gear, reverse gear + 2 gears = reverse 2 gears, Reverse gear + 3 gears = reverse 3 gears, reverse gear + 4 gears = reverse 4 gears.
停车时，主变速和副变速换挡挡位进入空挡挡位后，启动驻车制动。When parking, after the main transmission and auxiliary transmission shift gears enter the neutral gear, start the parking brake.
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已，并非用于限定本发明的保护范围。凡在本发明的精神和原则内，所作的任何修改、等同替换以及改进，均应包含在本发明所述的保护范围之内。The above descriptions are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the protection scope of the present invention. All modifications, equivalent replacements and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention shall be included within the protection scope of the present invention.
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| CN201810610931.1A Pending CN108443484A (en) | 2018-06-13 | 2018-06-13 | The fast push button gearshift of tractor speed changer 12 and control method |
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| CN (1) | CN108443484A (en) |
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| CN109296749A (en) * | 2018-11-22 | 2019-02-01 | 山东理工大学 | Shifting device and control method of lead screw slide table of automobile transmission |
| CN109340363A (en) * | 2018-10-29 | 2019-02-15 | 山东理工大学 | 24-speed push-button shift device for tractor gearbox and its control method |
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| CN109340363A (en) * | 2018-10-29 | 2019-02-15 | 山东理工大学 | 24-speed push-button shift device for tractor gearbox and its control method |
| CN109296749A (en) * | 2018-11-22 | 2019-02-01 | 山东理工大学 | Shifting device and control method of lead screw slide table of automobile transmission |
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