CN108422731A - 一种含工程塑料非织造布的阻燃混杂层合板 - Google Patents
一种含工程塑料非织造布的阻燃混杂层合板 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种含工程塑料非织造布的阻燃混杂层合板，包括至少一层工程塑料非织造布，工程塑料非织造布与碳纤维织物、玻璃纤维织物、芳纶纤维织物中的一种或多种进行任意组合顺序的铺放，并通过树脂组分固化成型，得到含工程塑料非织造布的混杂层合板。工程塑料非织造布的制造原料为：聚醚砜、聚醚酰亚胺、聚苯硫醚、聚酰胺、聚四氟乙烯中的一种或多种的组合物。所述树脂组分按重量百分比含量包括：基础树脂60％‑80％、增韧剂5％‑30％、阻燃剂15％‑30％。本发明所用的工程塑料非织造布来源广泛，可利用回收产品，制得的混杂层合板具有成本低、比强度和比模量高、阻燃性好的优点，不仅具有可观的经济价值，还有重要的环保意义。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及高分子材料技术领域，具体涉及一种含工程塑料非织造布的阻燃混杂层合板。
背景技术
工程塑料非织造布由于具有原料种类丰富、制备工艺灵活以及生产周期短的.优势，在环保工程、土木建筑、医疗卫生、农业技术等诸多领域被广泛应用。作为高分子材料，工程塑料非织造布具有较低的面密度，而且一些特种工程塑料非织造布还具有优良的力学性能、耐热性能、防腐性能和阻燃性能。
近年来，航空、轨道交通、汽车、船舶等交通工具正朝着轻量化方向发展，对于轻质、阻燃材料的需求日益增长。目前普遍采用的高性能纤维(如碳纤维和芳纶纤维)增强聚合物复合材料，虽然具有优良的减重效果，但是其成本较高。工程塑料非织造布面积度低，性能良好，且价格相对便宜，作为增强体或填充物与聚合物基体复合，用于上述交通工具的内饰材料和次承力结构件具有一定的应用前景。
此外，随着社会经济的不断进步和发展，每年工业界产生大量废旧的工程塑料非织造布，这些废旧的工程塑料非织造布目前主要采取焚烧和陆地填埋的方式进行处理，对生态环境造成破坏。回收和再利用这些废旧的工程塑料非织造布，不仅具有可观的经济价值，还有重要的环保意义。
综上所述，利用工程塑料非织造布包括其回收物，开发轻质、阻燃的复合材料值得研究。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是如何利用工程塑料非织造布，开发轻质、阻燃的复合材料。
为了解决上述技术问题，本发明的技术方案是提供一种含工程塑料非织造布的阻燃混杂层合板，其特征在于：包括至少一层工程塑料非织造布，工程塑料非织造布与碳纤维织物、玻璃纤维织物、芳纶纤维织物中的一种或多种进行任意组合顺序的铺放，并通过树脂组分固化成型，得到含工程塑料非织造布的阻燃混杂层合板。
优选地，所述工程塑料非织造布的面密度为400-1000gsm。
优选地，所述工程塑料非织造布为毡状、布状、网状、纸状或其任意组合。
优选地，所述工程塑料非织造布的制造原料为：聚醚砜、聚醚酰亚胺、聚苯硫醚、聚酰胺、聚四氟乙烯中的一种或多种的组合物。
优选地，所述树脂组分按重量百分比含量包括：基础树脂60％-80％、增韧剂5％-30％、阻燃剂15％-30％。
更优选地，所述基础树脂为环氧树脂、不饱和聚酯树脂或酚醛树脂中的一种。
更优选地，所述增韧剂为纳米二氧化硅、核壳结构橡胶粒子、丁腈橡胶、氢化丁腈橡胶、端胺基丁腈橡胶、端羧基丁腈橡胶中的一种或多种的组合。
更优选地，所述阻燃剂为磷酸酯类、含磷环氧类、三聚氰胺磷酸盐、聚磷酸铵、三聚氰胺、微胶囊化红磷、氢氧化铝、氢氧化镁中的一种或多种的组合物。
优选地，所述工程塑料非织造布与碳纤维织物、玻璃纤维织物、芳纶纤维织物中的一种或多种进行任意组合顺序的铺放后，与树脂组分通过真空辅助树脂注射或手糊工艺成型，经加热和/或加压固化，得到含工程塑料非织造布的阻燃混杂层合板。
本发明所用的工程塑料非织造布来源广泛，可利用回收产品，制得的混杂阻燃层合板具有成本低、比强度和比模量高、阻燃性好的优点，不仅具有可观的经济价值，还有重要的环保意义。
附图说明
图1为实施例1中两层碳纤维平纹织物-两层聚苯硫醚针刺毡-两层碳纤维平纹织物的铺层示意图。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例，进一步阐述本发明。
实施例1
在一涂有脱模剂的平板钢化玻璃上，将聚苯硫醚针刺毡(面密度：400gsm，安徽元琛环保科技有限公司)和碳纤维平纹织物HF20-12K(江苏恒神股份有限公司)按下面铺层方法铺层：两层碳纤维平纹织物1-两层聚苯硫醚针刺毡2-两层碳纤维平纹织物1，如图1所示，形成预制体。
在预制体上铺放脱模布和导流网，其中脱模布应完全覆盖住预制体，导流网的边缘距离预制体边缘约3cm。随后打真空袋密封，并铺设一个树脂入口和一个树脂出口，用阀门控制其开关。连接真空泵，检查真空袋的气密性，确认气密性完好后，配制树脂组分。
在一搅拌釜内按重量百分含量分别加入42％环氧树脂4324A(广东博汇新材)、18％环氧树脂固化剂4324B(广东博汇新材)、10％硅橡胶核壳粒子增韧剂ALBIDUR@EP-2240A(德国赢创工业)和30％环状磷酸酯阻燃剂FR-CU(江苏立思德化工)，搅拌均匀后，在真空下脱气30min，倒入塑料容器内，插入导胶管。
打开真空袋两侧的树脂进、出口阀门及真空泵，在真空辅助下开始注胶，将预制体充分浸润后，多余的树脂从出口抽出。
注胶结束后，关闭阀门，在室温下固化6小时，最后在80℃下后固化4小时，脱模后得到含工程塑料非织造布的混杂层合板。所得混杂层合板的性能如下：树脂含量43％，弯曲强度(ASTM-D790)215MPa，弯曲模量(ASTM-D790)9265MPa，玻璃化转变温度(动态力学分析仪)85℃，极限氧指数(GB/T2406)34。
实施例2
在一涂有脱模剂的平板钢化玻璃上，将回收清理后的旧聚四氟乙烯增强聚苯硫醚针刺毡(面密度：1000gsm)和玻纤平纹织物(苏州久恒玻纤织造有限公司)按下面铺层方法铺层：两层玻纤平纹织物-两层聚四氟乙烯增强聚苯硫醚针刺毡-两层玻纤平纹织物，形成预制体。
在一搅拌釜内按重量百分含量分别加入78％不饱和聚酯HR-802J(常州市华润复合材料有限公司)、2％引发剂V388(北京科瑞迪特化工有限公司)、5％氢化丁腈橡胶Therban 3446(上海品氟实业有限公司)和15％聚磷酸铵(济宁佰一化工有限公司)，搅拌均匀后，在真空下脱气30min，倒入塑料容器内，待用。
在一涂有脱模剂的平板钢化玻璃上，将预制体与上述树脂组分通过手糊工艺成型，在室温下放置24h后，转移至热压机中，在压力为0.3MPa下，经温度80℃固化4h，制得混杂层合板。所得混杂层合板的性能如下：树脂含量44％，弯曲强度(ASTM-D790)192MPa，弯曲模量(ASTM-D790)7825MPa，玻璃化转变温度(动态力学分析仪)84℃，极限氧指数(GB/T2406)37。
以上所述，仅为本发明的较佳实施例，并非对本发明任何形式上和实质上的限制，应当指出，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员，在不脱离本发明方法的前提下，还将可以做出若干改进和补充，这些改进和补充也应视为本发明的保护范围。凡熟悉本专业的技术人员，在不脱离本发明的精神和范围的情况下，当可利用以上所揭示的技术内容而做出的些许更动、修饰与演变的等同变化，均为本发明的等效实施例；同时，凡依据本发明的实质技术对上述实施例所作的任何等同变化的更动、修饰与演变，均仍属于本发明的技术方案的范围内。
Claims (9)
1.一种含工程塑料非织造布的阻燃混杂层合板，其特征在于：包括至少一层工程塑料非织造布，工程塑料非织造布与碳纤维织物、玻璃纤维织物、芳纶纤维织物中的一种或多种进行任意组合顺序的铺放，并通过树脂组分固化成型，得到含工程塑料非织造布的混杂层合板。
2.如权利要求1所述的一种含工程塑料非织造布的阻燃混杂层合板，其特征在于：所述工程塑料非织造布的面密度为400-1000gsm。
3.如权利要求1所述的一种含工程塑料非织造布的阻燃混杂层合板，其特征在于：所述工程塑料非织造布为毡状、布状、网状、纸状或其任意组合。
4.如权利要求1所述的一种含工程塑料非织造布的阻燃混杂层合板，其特征在于：所述工程塑料非织造布的制造原料为：聚醚砜、聚醚酰亚胺、聚苯硫醚、聚酰胺、聚四氟乙烯中的一种或多种的组合物。
5.如权利要求1所述的一种含工程塑料非织造布的阻燃混杂层合板，其特征在于：所述树脂组分按重量百分比含量包括：基础树脂60％-80％、增韧剂5％-30％、阻燃剂15％-30％。
6.如权利要求5所述的一种含工程塑料非织造布的阻燃混杂层合板，其特征在于：所述基础树脂为环氧树脂、不饱和聚酯树脂或酚醛树脂中的一种。
7.如权利要求5所述的一种含工程塑料非织造布的阻燃混杂层合板，其特征在于：所述增韧剂为纳米二氧化硅、核壳结构橡胶粒子、丁腈橡胶、氢化丁腈橡胶、端胺基丁腈橡胶、端羧基丁腈橡胶中的一种或多种的组合。
8.如权利要求5所述的一种含工程塑料非织造布的阻燃混杂层合板，其特征在于：所述阻燃剂为磷酸酯类、含磷环氧类、三聚氰胺磷酸盐、聚磷酸铵、三聚氰胺、微胶囊化红磷、氢氧化铝、氢氧化镁中的一种或多种的组合物。
9.如权利要求1所述的一种含工程塑料非织造布的阻燃混杂层合板，其特征在于：所述工程塑料非织造布与碳纤维织物、玻璃纤维织物、芳纶纤维织物中的一种或多种进行任意组合顺序的铺放后，与树脂组分通过真空辅助树脂注射或手糊工艺成型，经加热和/或加压固化，得到含工程塑料非织造布的阻燃混杂层合板。
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