CN108418447B - Power adapter and electronic equipment - Google Patents
Power adapter and electronic equipment Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN108418447B CN108418447B CN201810345172.0A CN201810345172A CN108418447B CN 108418447 B CN108418447 B CN 108418447B CN 201810345172 A CN201810345172 A CN 201810345172A CN 108418447 B CN108418447 B CN 108418447B
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- voltage
- power supply
- alternating current
- current power
- unit
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 111
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 56
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000001131 transforming effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005693 optoelectronics Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 208000027418 Wounds and injury Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005669 field effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000014674 injury Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000012212 insulator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M7/00—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output; Conversion of DC power input into AC power output
- H02M7/02—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output without possibility of reversal
- H02M7/04—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
- H02M7/12—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M7/21—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M7/217—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/32—Means for protecting converters other than automatic disconnection
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M3/00—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output
- H02M3/02—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC
- H02M3/04—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters
- H02M3/10—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M3/145—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M3/155—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/32—Means for protecting converters other than automatic disconnection
- H02M1/322—Means for rapidly discharging a capacitor of the converter for protecting electrical components or for preventing electrical shock
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Rectifiers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a power adapter and electronic equipment, wherein when an alternating current power supply is electrified, the voltage of the alternating current power supply is rectified and then output through a rectifying unit, and the voltage output by the rectifying unit is subjected to voltage stabilization and filtering through a voltage stabilizing capacitor; the voltage stabilized and filtered by the voltage stabilizing capacitor is transformed by the transformation output unit according to the preset proportion and then is provided to the voltage output end, so that the power adapter can convert the voltage of the alternating current power supply into the direct current voltage required by the load of the voltage output end. When the alternating current power supply fails, namely the power adapter disconnects the alternating current power supply, the discharge control unit can control the voltage stabilizing capacitor to discharge in time, so that the voltage of the voltage stabilizing capacitor can be reduced to zero, the stability of the power adapter can be improved, and the problem that the power adapter is damaged by electric shock after the alternating current power supply is disconnected is solved.
Description
Technical Field
The present invention relates to the field of electronic technologies, and in particular, to a power adapter and an electronic device.
Background
With the rapid development of electronic information technology, the variety of electronic devices, such as mobile phones, Personal Digital Assistants (PDAs), notebook computers, etc., is increasing. Currently, the voltage of the ac power source is generally converted into the dc voltage by the power adapter to directly power or charge the electronic device. The power adapter generally comprises components such as a shell, a rectifying circuit, a transformer, a voltage stabilizing capacitor and the like. The voltage stabilizing capacitor is used for stabilizing the voltage rectified by the rectifying circuit. However, after the power adapter disconnects the ac power, the voltage stabilizing capacitor cannot discharge in time, so that the voltage remaining in the voltage stabilizing capacitor is high, and the power adapter is damaged by electric shock after the ac power is disconnected.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the invention provides a power adapter and electronic equipment, which are used for solving the problem that in the prior art, a voltage stabilizing capacitor in the power adapter cannot discharge in time, so that the power adapter is damaged by electric shock after an alternating current power supply is disconnected.
Accordingly, an embodiment of the present invention provides a power adapter, including: the device comprises a rectifying unit, a voltage stabilizing capacitor, a voltage transformation output unit and a discharge control unit;
the first end of the rectifying unit is connected with the phase line end of an alternating current power supply, the second end of the rectifying unit is connected with the zero line end of the alternating current power supply, the third end of the rectifying unit is respectively connected with the first electrode of the voltage stabilizing capacitor and the first end of the voltage transformation output unit, and the fourth end of the rectifying unit is respectively connected with the grounding end, the second electrode of the voltage stabilizing capacitor and the second end of the voltage transformation output unit; the rectifying unit is used for rectifying and outputting the voltage of the alternating current power supply;
the voltage stabilizing capacitor is used for stabilizing and filtering the voltage output by the rectifying unit;
the voltage transformation output unit is used for transforming the voltage stabilized and filtered by the voltage stabilizing capacitor according to a preset proportion and then providing the voltage to a voltage output end;
the first end of the discharge control unit is connected with the phase line end of the alternating current power supply, and the second end of the discharge control unit is connected with the first electrode of the voltage stabilizing capacitor; the discharge control unit is used for controlling the voltage-stabilizing capacitor to discharge only when the phase line end of the alternating current power supply is powered off.
Optionally, in the power adapter provided in the embodiment of the present invention, the discharge control unit includes: a charge-discharge electronic unit and a switch control subunit;
the first end of the charge-discharge electronic unit is connected with the phase line end of the alternating current power supply, the second end of the charge-discharge electronic unit is connected with the first end of the switch control subunit, and the third end of the charge-discharge electronic unit is connected with the grounding end; the charging and discharging electronic unit is used for charging when a phase line end of the alternating current power supply is electrified and discharging when the phase line end of the alternating current power supply is powered off;
the second end of the switch control subunit is connected with the grounding end, and the third end of the switch control subunit is connected with the first electrode of the voltage-stabilizing capacitor; the switch control subunit is used for conducting only after the charge-discharge electronic unit discharges for a preset time length so as to control the voltage-stabilizing capacitor to discharge.
Optionally, in the power adapter provided in the embodiment of the present invention, the charge/discharge electronic unit includes: the storage capacitor is connected with the first resistor;
the anode of the first rectifier diode is connected with the phase line end of the alternating current power supply, and the cathode of the first rectifier diode is respectively connected with the first electrode of the storage capacitor and the first end of the first resistor;
the second electrode of the storage capacitor is connected with the grounding end;
and the second end of the first resistor is connected with the grounding end.
Optionally, in the power adapter provided in the embodiment of the present invention, a reverse breakdown voltage of the first rectifying diode is not less than 2 times a peak voltage of the ac power supply.
Optionally, in the power adapter provided in the embodiment of the present invention, a withstand voltage value of the storage capacitor is not less than 2 times a peak voltage of the ac power supply.
Optionally, in the power adapter provided in the embodiment of the present invention, the switch control subunit includes: a first transistor and a second resistor;
the grid electrode of the first transistor is connected with the second end of the charge-discharge electronic unit, the first pole of the first transistor is connected with the first electrode of the voltage-stabilizing capacitor, and the second pole of the first transistor is connected with the first end of the second resistor;
and the second end of the second resistor is connected with the grounding end.
Optionally, in the power adapter provided in the embodiment of the present invention, the rectifying unit includes: a full-bridge rectifier circuit or a half-bridge rectifier circuit.
Optionally, in the power adapter provided in the embodiment of the present invention, the full-bridge rectifier circuit includes: a second rectifying diode, a third rectifying diode, a fourth rectifying diode, and a fifth rectifying diode;
the anode of the second rectifier diode is connected with the phase line end of the alternating current power supply, and the cathode of the second rectifier diode is connected with the first electrode of the voltage stabilizing capacitor;
the anode of the third rectifier diode is connected with the zero line end of the alternating current power supply, and the cathode of the third rectifier diode is connected with the first electrode of the voltage stabilizing capacitor;
the anode of the fourth rectifier diode is connected with the grounding end, and the cathode of the fourth rectifier diode is connected with the phase line end of the alternating current power supply;
and the anode of the fifth rectifying diode is connected with the grounding end, and the cathode of the fifth rectifying diode is connected with the zero line end of the alternating current power supply.
Optionally, in the power adapter provided in the embodiment of the present invention, the voltage transformation output unit includes: the photoelectric coupler comprises a second transistor, a transformer, a third resistor, a fourth resistor and a photoelectric coupler;
a grid electrode of the second transistor is respectively connected with a first output end of the photoelectric coupler and a first end of the fourth resistor, a first pole of the second transistor is connected with a first electrode of the voltage-stabilizing capacitor, and a second pole of the second transistor is connected with a first input end of the transformer;
the second input end of the transformer is connected with the first end of the third resistor, the first output end of the transformer is respectively connected with the first input end of the photoelectric coupler and the positive end of the voltage output end, and the second output end of the transformer is respectively connected with the grounding end and the negative end of the voltage output end;
the second end of the third resistor is connected with the grounding end;
the second input end of the photoelectric coupler is connected with a first reference signal end, and the second output end of the photoelectric coupler is connected with the grounding end;
and the second end of the fourth resistor is connected with the second reference signal end.
Correspondingly, the embodiment of the invention also provides electronic equipment comprising the power adapter provided by the embodiment of the invention.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
according to the power adapter and the electronic device provided by the embodiment of the invention, when an alternating current power supply is electrified, the voltage of the alternating current power supply is rectified and then output, and the voltage output by the rectifying unit is subjected to voltage stabilization and filtering through the voltage stabilizing capacitor; the voltage stabilized and filtered by the voltage stabilizing capacitor is transformed by the transformation output unit according to the preset proportion and then is provided to the voltage output end, so that the power adapter can convert the voltage of the alternating current power supply into the direct current voltage required by the load of the voltage output end. When the alternating current power supply fails, namely the power adapter disconnects the alternating current power supply, the discharge control unit can control the voltage stabilizing capacitor to discharge in time, so that the voltage of the voltage stabilizing capacitor can be reduced to zero, the stability of the power adapter can be improved, and the problem that the power adapter is damaged by electric shock after the alternating current power supply is disconnected is solved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a power adapter according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a second schematic structural diagram of a power adapter according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a power adapter according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, specific embodiments of a power adapter and an electronic device according to embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the preferred embodiments described below are only for illustrating and explaining the present invention and are not to be used for limiting the present invention. And the embodiments and features of the embodiments in the present application may be combined with each other without conflict.
In general, a Power adapter (Power adapter) is a Power supply converting device of an electronic device, particularly a small portable electronic device. The working principle of the intelligent control system is that alternating current input is converted into direct current output, and the intelligent control system is widely applied to electronic equipment such as mobile phones, PDAs, notebook computers, security cameras, set top boxes, routers, light bars, massage instruments and the like. For example, the power adapter can convert the 220V ac voltage used in the home into a low voltage of about 5V to 20V for the electronic products to work, so that they can work normally. However, after the power adapter disconnects the ac power, if the power adapter discharges by completely depending on the leakage current of the circuit, the discharge is slow or incomplete, and the voltage-stabilizing capacitor cannot discharge in time, so that the voltage remaining in the voltage-stabilizing capacitor is higher, and the power adapter is damaged by electric shock after disconnecting the ac power, or even causes personal injury.
An embodiment of the present invention provides a power adapter, as shown in fig. 1, including: a rectifying unit 10, a voltage stabilizing capacitor C1, a voltage transformation output unit 20 and a discharge control unit 30; wherein,
a first end 10a of the rectifying unit 10 is connected with a phase line end L of the alternating current power supply AC, a second end 10b is connected with a zero line end N of the alternating current power supply AC, a third end 10C is respectively connected with a first electrode of the voltage stabilizing capacitor C1 and a first end 20a of the voltage transformation output unit 20, and a fourth end 10d is respectively connected with a ground end GND, a second electrode of the voltage stabilizing capacitor C1 and a second end 20b of the voltage transformation output unit 20; the rectifying unit 10 is configured to rectify and output a voltage of an AC power supply AC;
the voltage stabilizing capacitor C1 is used for stabilizing and filtering the voltage output by the rectifying unit 10;
the voltage transformation output unit 20 is configured to transform the voltage stabilized and filtered by the voltage stabilizing capacitor C1 according to a preset ratio and provide the voltage to the voltage output terminal VO;
a first end 30a of the discharge control unit 30 is connected to a phase line end L of the alternating current power supply AC, and a second end 30b is connected to a first electrode of the voltage stabilizing capacitor C1; the discharge control unit 30 is configured to control the voltage stabilizing capacitor C1 to discharge only when the phase line terminal L of the AC power source AC is powered down.
According to the power adapter provided by the embodiment of the invention, when the alternating current power supply is electrified, the voltage of the alternating current power supply is rectified and then output, and the voltage output by the rectifying unit is subjected to voltage stabilization and filtering through the voltage stabilizing capacitor; the voltage stabilized and filtered by the voltage stabilizing capacitor is transformed by the transformation output unit according to the preset proportion and then is provided to the voltage output end, so that the power adapter can convert the voltage of the alternating current power supply into the direct current voltage required by the load of the voltage output end. When the alternating current power supply fails, namely the power adapter disconnects the alternating current power supply, the discharge control unit can control the voltage stabilizing capacitor to discharge in time, so that the voltage of the voltage stabilizing capacitor can be reduced to zero, the stability of the power adapter can be improved, and the problem that the power adapter is damaged by electric shock after the alternating current power supply is disconnected is solved.
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to specific examples. It should be noted that the present embodiment is intended to better explain the present invention, but not to limit the present invention.
In specific implementation, in the embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 2, the discharge control unit 30 may include: a charge/discharge electronic unit 31 and a switch control subunit 32;
a first end 31a of the charge-discharge electronic unit 31 is connected with a phase line end L of the alternating current power supply AC, a second end 31b is connected with a first end 32a of the switch control subunit 32, and a third end 31c is connected with a ground end GND; the charging and discharging electronic unit 31 is used for charging when a phase line end L of the AC power supply AC is powered on, and discharging when the phase line end L of the AC power supply AC is powered off;
the second terminal 32b of the switch control subunit 32 is connected to the ground GND, and the third terminal 32C is connected to the first electrode of the voltage-stabilizing capacitor C1; the switch control subunit 32 is configured to be turned on only after the charge and discharge electronic unit 31 performs the discharging for the preset time period, so as to control the voltage stabilizing capacitor C1 to discharge.
In specific implementation, in the embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 3, the charge and discharge electronic unit 31 may specifically include: the circuit comprises a first rectifying diode D1, a storage capacitor C2 and a first resistor R1; the anode of the first rectifying diode D1 is connected to the phase line L of the AC power source AC, and the cathode of the first rectifying diode D2 is connected to the first electrode of the storage capacitor C2 and the first end of the first resistor R1, respectively. The second electrode of the storage capacitor C2 is connected to the ground GND. The second terminal of the first resistor R1 is connected to the ground GND.
In specific implementation, the power adapter is powered on, namely the phase line end of the alternating current power supply is powered on, and the first phase line end is powered onThe rectifier diode can rectify the voltage of the alternating current power supply into direct current voltage, the storage capacitor is charged through the direct current voltage rectified by the first rectifier diode, and after the storage capacitor is charged, the voltage difference V between two electrodes of the storage capacitor is reducedc2Substantially the same as the voltage difference across the first resistor. The power adapter is powered down, namely the phase line end of the alternating current power supply is powered down, the first rectifier diode is cut off, and the voltage in the storage capacitor is discharged through the first resistor. Wherein the storage capacitor discharges to satisfy the formula:
wherein t represents time, VtRepresenting the voltage difference between the two electrodes of the storage capacitor at time t, r1Representing the resistance value of the first resistor, c2Representing the capacitance value of the storage capacitor.
In practical applications, after the AC power source AC is powered on, the AC voltage generally varies in a sinusoidal manner. The voltage from zero voltage to the highest point of the alternating voltage is called peak voltage. And, a difference between the highest value and the lowest value of the alternating voltage in one period is called a peak-to-peak value. In practical implementation, in order to avoid the first rectifying diode from being damaged, in the embodiment of the present invention, the reverse breakdown voltage of the first rectifying diode is not less than 2 times of the peak voltage of the ac power source, that is, the reverse breakdown voltage of the first rectifying diode is not less than the peak-to-peak value of the ac power source. In practical applications, the specific structure of the first rectifying diode may be substantially the same as that in the related art, and it should be understood by those skilled in the art that the detailed description is omitted here.
In practical implementation, in order to avoid the storage capacitor from being damaged, in the embodiment of the present invention, the withstand voltage value of the storage capacitor is not less than 2 times of the peak voltage of the ac power supply, that is, the withstand voltage value of the storage capacitor is not less than the peak-to-peak value of the ac power supply.
In practical implementation, in the embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 3, the switch control subunit 32 may specifically include: a first transistor Q1 and a second resistor R2; the gate of the first transistor Q1 is connected to the second terminal of the charge/discharge electronic unit 31, the first pole of the first transistor Q1 is connected to the first electrode of the voltage-stabilizing capacitor C1, and the second pole of the first transistor Q1 is connected to the first terminal of the second resistor R2. The second terminal of the second resistor R2 is connected to the ground GND. Specifically, the gate of the first transistor Q1 is connected to the first electrode of the storage capacitor C2.
In specific implementation, the voltage difference V between the gate of the first transistor and the first electrode of the first transistorgs(Q1) less than its threshold voltage VthNegative value of (Q1), i.e. Vgs(Q1)<-Vth(Q1) the first transistor is turned on, so that the first electrode of the voltage-stabilizing capacitor is turned on to the ground terminal through the first transistor and the second resistor, thereby discharging the voltage-stabilizing capacitor. In practical application, V can be enabledth(Q1) ═ 0V. Of course, V may be usedth(Q1) is set to other values, which need to be determined by design according to the actual application environment, and is not limited herein.
In specific implementation, the storage capacitor is charged when the phase line end of the alternating current power supply is electrified, and after the charging is finished, the voltage difference V between the two end electrodes of the storage capacitorc2Is not less than the voltage difference V between two end electrodes of the voltage-stabilizing capacitorc1And the threshold voltage V of the first transistorth(Q1), i.e. Vc2≥Vc1-Vth(Q1) to turn off the first transistor to prevent discharge of the regulated capacitance. When the phase line end of the AC power supply is powered off, the storage capacitor is discharged, Vc2Reducing the voltage difference V after the storage capacitor is dischargedtLess than Vc1-Vth(Q1), the first transistor is turned on. In the embodiment of the invention, the preset time duration is that the storage capacitor is Vc2Discharge to VtThe length of time used.
In a specific implementation, in an embodiment of the present invention, the rectifying unit may specifically include: a full-bridge rectifier circuit or a half-bridge rectifier circuit to rectify a voltage of the ac power supply.
In a specific implementation, as shown in fig. 3, the full-bridge rectifier circuit may include: a second rectifier diode D2, a third rectifier diode D3, a fourth rectifier diode D4, and a fifth rectifier diode D5; the anode of the second rectifying diode D2 is connected to the phase terminal L of the AC power source AC, and the cathode of the second rectifying diode D2 is connected to the first electrode of the voltage stabilizing capacitor C1. The anode of the third rectifying diode D3 is connected to the neutral terminal N of the AC power supply AC, and the cathode of the third rectifying diode D3 is connected to the first electrode of the voltage stabilizing capacitor C1. The anode of the fourth rectifying diode D4 is connected to the ground GND, and the cathode of the fourth rectifying diode D4 is connected to the phase terminal L of the AC power supply AC. The anode of the fifth rectifying diode D5 is connected to the ground GND, and the cathode of the fifth rectifying diode D5 is connected to the neutral terminal N of the AC power supply AC.
In specific implementation, the rectified voltage V is a full-bridge rectification circuit consisting of a second rectifying diode, a third rectifying diode, a fourth rectifying diode and a fifth rectifying diodeLThe formula can be satisfied:
wherein, VACRepresenting the voltage of the alternating current source AC. Within the tolerance range of the error, the VLNamely the voltage difference V between two electrodes of the voltage-stabilizing capacitor after the charging is finishedc1. In practical applications, the specific structure of the full-bridge rectifier circuit formed by the rectifier diodes may be substantially the same as that in the related art, and it should be understood by those skilled in the art that the detailed description is omitted here. And, at VthWhen (Q1) is 0V, since the first transistor is prevented from being turned on when the phase terminal of the ac power supply is energized, V can be set within the allowable error range by setting the structures, sizes, and the like of the first to fifth rectifying diodesc2≥VL。
In specific implementation, in the embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 3, the voltage transformation output unit 20 may specifically include: the circuit comprises a second transistor Q2, a transformer TC, a third resistor R3, a fourth resistor R4 and a photoelectric coupler UU'; the gate of the second transistor Q2 is connected to the first output terminal of the photocoupler UU' and the first terminal of the fourth resistor R4, respectively, the first pole of the second transistor Q2 is connected to the first electrode of the voltage-stabilizing capacitor C1, and the second pole of the second transistor Q2 is connected to the first input terminal of the transformer TC. A second input end of the transformer TC is connected to a first end of the third resistor R3, a first output end of the transformer TC is connected to a first input end of the photocoupler UU' and a positive terminal VO + of the voltage output end, respectively, and a second output end of the transformer TC is connected to a ground terminal GND and a negative terminal VO-of the voltage output end, respectively. The second terminal of the third resistor R3 is connected to the ground GND. A second input terminal of the photo coupler UU 'is connected to the first reference signal terminal VR1, and a second output terminal of the photo coupler UU' is connected to the ground terminal GND. A second terminal of the fourth resistor R4 is coupled to a second reference signal terminal VR 2.
In practical applications, when different electronic devices are used as loads, the required supply voltages may be different, and in specific implementations, the voltage obtained by transforming the voltage stabilized by the voltage stabilizing capacitor and the filtered voltage may be provided to the load at the voltage output terminal through the transformation ratio of the transformer. In the embodiment of the present invention, the transformation ratio of the transformer may be set to a preset ratio of the transformation output unit. Of course, in practical applications, the transformation ratio of the transformer may be determined according to practical application environments, and is not limited herein.
In specific implementation, in order to further enable the transformer to output a stable direct voltage, a plurality of inductors, a plurality of resistors, a plurality of diodes, a plurality of capacitors, a control IC (Integrated Circuit), and other devices may be disposed in the voltage transformation output unit to coordinate the devices with the transformer, and an implementation manner of the devices may be the same as that in the related art, and those skilled in the art should understand that the devices are not described herein.
A general photoelectric coupler is an electric-to-optical-to-electric conversion device that transmits an electric signal using light as a medium. It is composed of two parts of luminous source and light receiver. In practical application, the light emitting source and the light receiving device are assembled in the same closed shell and are isolated from each other by a transparent insulator. The pin of the light source is an input end, the pin of the light receiver is an output end, and the common light source can be a light emitting diode, and the light receiver can be a photosensitive diode, a phototriode and the like. In practical applications, the specific structure of the photocoupler provided in the embodiment of the present invention may be the same as that in the related art, which should be understood by those skilled in the art, and will not be described herein.
In practical implementation, the voltages of the first reference signal terminal VR1 and the second reference signal terminal VR2 are voltages with fixed voltage values, respectively. The voltages of the first reference signal terminal VR1 and the second reference signal terminal VR2 may be the voltage V through a Direct Current-Direct Current (DC-DC) conversion circuitLThe converted dc voltage may be a dc voltage realized in other ways, and is not limited herein. In the use process of the power adapter, the voltage of the positive terminal VO + of the voltage output terminal may be increased, so that the voltage difference between the positive terminal VO + of the voltage output terminal and the first reference signal terminal VR1 is greater than the threshold voltage of the light source of the optoelectronic coupler UU ', and the optoelectronic coupler UU' turns on the gate of the second transistor Q2 and the ground terminal GND, so as to control the second transistor Q2 to be turned off, and further control the transformer TC to stop the voltage conversion. When the voltage difference between the positive terminal VO + of the voltage output terminal and the first reference signal terminal VR1 is smaller than the threshold voltage of the light emitting source of the photocoupler UU ', the photocoupler UU' turns on the gate of the second transistor Q2 with the second reference signal terminal VR2 through the gate and the fourth resistor R4, so as to control the second transistor Q2 to be turned on, and further control the transformer TC to perform voltage conversion.
In a specific implementation, the first transistor Q1 may be a metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor (MOS), and the second transistor Q2 may be an N-type MOS. Of course, the first transistor and the second transistor may be other types of transistors, and are not limited herein. The first electrode of the transistor may be a source and the second electrode may be a drain, or the first electrode of the transistor may be a drain and the second electrode may be a source, depending on the type of the transistor and the voltage applied thereto, which is not limited herein.
In practical implementation, the resistance value of each resistor may be designed and determined according to an actual application environment, and is not limited herein.
The above is merely to illustrate the specific structure of each unit in the power adapter provided in the embodiment of the present invention, and in the specific implementation, the specific structure of each unit is not limited to the structure provided in the embodiment of the present invention, and other structures that can implement the power adapter provided in the embodiment of the present invention also belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
The following describes the operation process of the power adapter provided in the embodiment of the present invention, by taking the structure shown in fig. 3 as an example.
When the AC power supply AC is powered on, the second to fifth rectifier diodes D2-D5 rectify the voltage of the AC power supply AC and rectify the rectified voltage VLOutput, voltage stabilizing capacitor C1 vs. voltage VLPerforming voltage stabilization and filtering, and passing voltage VLCharging is carried out, and after the charging is finished, the voltage difference V between two electrodes of the voltage stabilizing capacitor C1c1＝VL. The first rectifying diode D1 can rectify the voltage of the AC power source AC into a dc voltage and charge the storage capacitor C2, and the storage capacitor C2 has a voltage difference V between its two electrodes after the charging is completedc2The formula can be satisfied: vc2≥Vc1-Vth(Q1) so that the first transistor Q1 is turned off to avoid discharging the zener capacitor C1. And when the voltage difference between the positive terminal VO + of the voltage output terminal and the first reference signal terminal VR1 is less than the threshold voltage of the light-emitting source of the photocoupler UU ', the photocoupler UU' turns on the gate of the second transistor Q2 with the second reference signal terminal VR2 through the fourth resistor R4 and the gate thereof to control the second transistor Q2 to be turned on, thereby controlling the transformer TC to perform the voltage conversion operation, so that the voltage output terminal outputs the voltage required by the load. When the voltage of the positive terminal VO + of the voltage output terminal rises, the voltage difference between the positive terminal VO + of the voltage output terminal and the first reference signal terminal VR1 is greater than the threshold voltage of the light emitting source of the photoelectric coupler UU ', so that the photoelectric coupler UU' conducts the gate of the second transistor Q2 with the ground terminal GND, thereby controlling the second transistor Q2 to be cut off, thereby controlling the transformer TC to stop converting the voltage, and thus, the load can be prevented from being damaged by voltage feedback.
When the alternating current power supply AC is powered down, the first rectifying diode D1 is cut off, and the voltage in the storage capacitor C2 passes through the first powerThe resistor R1 is discharged. Wherein, the storage capacitor C2 discharges to satisfy the formula:
at discharge elapsed time t0At this time, the voltage difference V between the two electrodes of the storage capacitor C2t0Less than Vc1-Vth(Q1), the first transistor Q1 is turned on, so that the first electrode of the voltage-stabilizing capacitor C1 is turned on to the ground GND through the first transistor Q1 and the second resistor R2, so that the voltage-stabilizing capacitor C1 is discharged in time. Wherein at t0＝r1c2When, Vt0＝36.8％Vc2This time is close to a linear discharge. At t0＝3r1c2When, Vt0＝5％Vc2This can be seen as a discharge time period of 3r in the storage capacitor C21c2When the voltage stabilizing capacitor C1 is controlled to discharge most of the charge, it can be considered that the voltage difference between the two electrodes of the voltage stabilizing capacitor C1 is smaller than the safe voltage (for example, 36V or 24V). And, by setting r1c2Can change the discharge time period t0The size of (2).
The power adapter provided by the embodiment of the invention can convert the voltage of the alternating current power supply into the direct current voltage required by the load of the voltage output end when the alternating current power supply is electrified. When alternating current power supply loses electricity, through first rectifier diode, storage capacitor, first resistance, first transistor and second resistance mutually support, can in time discharge through simple structural control voltage-stabilizing capacitor to can make the remaining voltage of voltage-stabilizing capacitor descend until for zero, and then can improve power adapter's stability, avoid power adapter to appear the problem of electric shock damage behind the disconnection alternating current power supply.
Based on the same inventive concept, the embodiment of the invention also provides electronic equipment, which comprises the power adapter provided by the embodiment of the invention. The principle of the electronic device for solving the problem is similar to that of the power adapter, so the implementation of the electronic device can be referred to the implementation of the power adapter, and repeated details are not repeated here.
In specific implementation, the electronic device may be: the mobile phone, the PDA, the television, the display, the notebook computer, the digital photo frame, the navigator, the security camera, the set-top box, the router, the light bar, the massager and other products or components which need to convert the voltage of the ac power supply into the dc voltage for direct power supply or charging. Other essential components of the electronic device should be understood by those skilled in the art, and are not described herein nor should they be construed as limiting the present invention.
According to the power adapter and the electronic equipment provided by the embodiment of the invention, the voltage of the alternating current power supply is rectified and then output through the rectifying unit, and the voltage output by the rectifying unit is subjected to voltage stabilization and filtering through the voltage stabilizing capacitor; the voltage stabilized and filtered by the voltage stabilizing capacitor is transformed by the transformation output unit according to the preset proportion and then is provided to the voltage output end, so that the power adapter can convert the voltage of the alternating current power supply into the direct current voltage required by the load of the voltage output end. When the phase line end of the alternating current power supply is powered off, namely the power adapter disconnects the alternating current power supply, the discharge control unit can control the voltage stabilizing capacitor to discharge in time, so that the voltage of the voltage stabilizing capacitor is reduced until zero, the stability of the power adapter can be improved, and the problem that the power adapter is damaged by electric shock after the alternating current power supply is disconnected is solved.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made in the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Thus, if such modifications and variations of the present invention fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention and their equivalents, the present invention is also intended to include such modifications and variations.
Claims (7)
1. A power adapter, comprising: the device comprises a rectifying unit, a voltage stabilizing capacitor, a voltage transformation output unit and a discharge control unit;
the first end of the rectifying unit is connected with the phase line end of an alternating current power supply, the second end of the rectifying unit is connected with the zero line end of the alternating current power supply, the third end of the rectifying unit is respectively connected with the first electrode of the voltage stabilizing capacitor and the first end of the voltage transformation output unit, and the fourth end of the rectifying unit is respectively connected with the grounding end, the second electrode of the voltage stabilizing capacitor and the second end of the voltage transformation output unit; the rectifying unit is used for rectifying and outputting the voltage of the alternating current power supply;
the voltage stabilizing capacitor is used for stabilizing and filtering the voltage output by the rectifying unit;
the voltage transformation output unit is used for transforming the voltage stabilized and filtered by the voltage stabilizing capacitor according to a preset proportion and then providing the voltage to a voltage output end;
the first end of the discharge control unit is connected with the phase line end of the alternating current power supply, and the second end of the discharge control unit is connected with the first electrode of the voltage stabilizing capacitor; the discharge control unit is used for controlling the voltage-stabilizing capacitor to discharge only when the phase line end of the alternating current power supply is powered off;
the discharge control unit includes: a charge-discharge electronic unit and a switch control subunit;
the first end of the charge-discharge electronic unit is connected with the phase line end of the alternating current power supply, the second end of the charge-discharge electronic unit is connected with the first end of the switch control subunit, and the third end of the charge-discharge electronic unit is connected with the grounding end; the charging and discharging electronic unit is used for charging when a phase line end of the alternating current power supply is electrified and discharging when the phase line end of the alternating current power supply is powered off;
the second end of the switch control subunit is connected with the grounding end, and the third end of the switch control subunit is connected with the first electrode of the voltage-stabilizing capacitor; the switch control subunit is used for conducting only after the charge-discharge electronic unit discharges for a preset time length so as to control the voltage-stabilizing capacitor to discharge;
the charge and discharge electronic unit includes: the storage capacitor is connected with the first resistor; the anode of the first rectifier diode is connected with the phase line end of the alternating current power supply, and the cathode of the first rectifier diode is respectively connected with the first electrode of the storage capacitor and the first end of the first resistor; the second electrode of the storage capacitor is connected with the grounding end; the second end of the first resistor is connected with the grounding end;
the switch control subunit includes: a first transistor and a second resistor; the grid electrode of the first transistor is connected with the second end of the charge-discharge electronic unit, the first pole of the first transistor is connected with the first electrode of the voltage-stabilizing capacitor, and the second pole of the first transistor is connected with the first end of the second resistor; and the second end of the second resistor is connected with the grounding end.
2. The power adapter as claimed in claim 1, wherein a reverse breakdown voltage of the first rectifying diode is not less than 2 times a peak voltage of the ac power source.
3. The power adapter as claimed in claim 1, wherein the withstand voltage value of the storage capacitor is not less than 2 times the peak voltage of the alternating-current power supply.
4. The power adapter as claimed in claim 1, wherein the rectifying unit comprises: a full-bridge rectifier circuit or a half-bridge rectifier circuit.
5. The power adapter as claimed in claim 4, wherein the full-bridge rectification circuit comprises: a second rectifying diode, a third rectifying diode, a fourth rectifying diode, and a fifth rectifying diode;
the anode of the second rectifier diode is connected with the phase line end of the alternating current power supply, and the cathode of the second rectifier diode is connected with the first electrode of the voltage stabilizing capacitor;
the anode of the third rectifier diode is connected with the zero line end of the alternating current power supply, and the cathode of the third rectifier diode is connected with the first electrode of the voltage stabilizing capacitor;
the anode of the fourth rectifier diode is connected with the grounding end, and the cathode of the fourth rectifier diode is connected with the phase line end of the alternating current power supply;
and the anode of the fifth rectifying diode is connected with the grounding end, and the cathode of the fifth rectifying diode is connected with the zero line end of the alternating current power supply.
6. The power adapter as claimed in claim 1, wherein the transformation output unit comprises: the photoelectric coupler comprises a second transistor, a transformer, a third resistor, a fourth resistor and a photoelectric coupler;
a grid electrode of the second transistor is respectively connected with a first output end of the photoelectric coupler and a first end of the fourth resistor, a first pole of the second transistor is connected with a first electrode of the voltage-stabilizing capacitor, and a second pole of the second transistor is connected with a first input end of the transformer;
the second input end of the transformer is connected with the first end of the third resistor, the first output end of the transformer is respectively connected with the first input end of the photoelectric coupler and the positive end of the voltage output end, and the second output end of the transformer is respectively connected with the grounding end and the negative end of the voltage output end;
the second end of the third resistor is connected with the grounding end;
the second input end of the photoelectric coupler is connected with a first reference signal end, and the second output end of the photoelectric coupler is connected with the grounding end;
and the second end of the fourth resistor is connected with the second reference signal end.
7. An electronic device comprising a power adapter according to any one of claims 1-6.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810345172.0A CN108418447B (en) | 2018-04-17 | 2018-04-17 | Power adapter and electronic equipment |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810345172.0A CN108418447B (en) | 2018-04-17 | 2018-04-17 | Power adapter and electronic equipment |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN108418447A CN108418447A (en) | 2018-08-17 |
| CN108418447B true CN108418447B (en) | 2020-03-10 |
Family
ID=63134156
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810345172.0A Active CN108418447B (en) | 2018-04-17 | 2018-04-17 | Power adapter and electronic equipment |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN108418447B (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109842095B (en) | 2019-02-25 | 2021-06-11 | 阳光电源股份有限公司 | Power conversion system, controller and control method |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102545193A (en) * | 2011-12-29 | 2012-07-04 | 深圳市合信自动化技术有限公司 | Method and device for discharging residual voltage of bus of servo controller |
| CN103843240A (en) * | 2011-10-05 | 2014-06-04 | 艾欧资讯有限公司 | Switching power supply circuit with protective function |
| CN105915041A (en) * | 2016-07-04 | 2016-08-31 | 珠海格力电器股份有限公司 | Charge bleeding method, bleeding circuit and current converter |
| JP2017046371A (en) * | 2015-08-24 | 2017-03-02 | 三菱電機株式会社 | Voltage control circuit |
-
2018
- 2018-04-17 CN CN201810345172.0A patent/CN108418447B/en active Active
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103843240A (en) * | 2011-10-05 | 2014-06-04 | 艾欧资讯有限公司 | Switching power supply circuit with protective function |
| CN102545193A (en) * | 2011-12-29 | 2012-07-04 | 深圳市合信自动化技术有限公司 | Method and device for discharging residual voltage of bus of servo controller |
| JP2017046371A (en) * | 2015-08-24 | 2017-03-02 | 三菱電機株式会社 | Voltage control circuit |
| CN105915041A (en) * | 2016-07-04 | 2016-08-31 | 珠海格力电器股份有限公司 | Charge bleeding method, bleeding circuit and current converter |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN108418447A (en) | 2018-08-17 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| US9438108B2 (en) | Bias voltage generating circuit and switching power supply thereof | |
| CN109905042B (en) | A power supply device and its power supply circuit | |
| CN106026619B (en) | Current-limiting peak value adjusting circuit, current-limiting unit, control circuit and power converter | |
| TWI622258B (en) | System for quickly starting switching power supply | |
| CN102882359B (en) | Bias voltage generation circuit and switching power supply using same | |
| WO2022121890A1 (en) | Power supply system and solar photovoltaic inverter | |
| CN110190744A (en) | Power supply device and control method thereof | |
| US10418906B2 (en) | High efficiency primary and secondary bias flyback converter with dual outputs | |
| CN108418447B (en) | Power adapter and electronic equipment | |
| US20140001862A1 (en) | Uninterruptible power supply | |
| US20250070641A1 (en) | Power conversion circuit and method | |
| TWI419450B (en) | A system and method for reducing the standby power consumption of a switch mode power converter | |
| US8054650B2 (en) | Switching power supply circuit and driving method thereof | |
| CN210405097U (en) | Wide voltage range DC input switch power supply | |
| CN210867514U (en) | Power control circuit of switching power supply | |
| CN104242689A (en) | Voltage-stabilizing power circuit and voltage-stabilizing power supply | |
| CN212086061U (en) | Power factor correction circuit and switching circuit | |
| CN210780588U (en) | Synchronous rectification circuit and switching power supply | |
| CN104767404B (en) | Ultra-high voltage regulator | |
| CN113206494A (en) | Input voltage's detection circuitry and charger | |
| CN109287025B (en) | LED driving circuit capable of inhibiting overload voltage | |
| US20090289881A1 (en) | Power circuit and liquid crystal display device | |
| CN106487079B (en) | Quick charging circuit | |
| CN216362285U (en) | Power supply circuit and electronic equipment | |
| CN210183079U (en) | Driving circuit of micro-power charger |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |