CN108410925B - 一种利用复配酶制备抗性糊精的方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种利用复配酶制备抗性糊精的方法,属于酶工程技术领域。本发明的方法以淀粉酸热降解糊精(焦糊精)为底物,利用复配酶反应体系来制备抗性糊精,同时或先后添加淀粉分支酶和CGT酶,使得焦糊精中抗性成分含量,较焦糊精原料显著提高了,降低了生产成本,为实现抗性糊精的工业化生产奠定了基础。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种利用复配酶制备抗性糊精的生产工艺,属于酶工程技术领域。
背景技术
抗性糊精由淀粉经过高温酸热降解,然后加工提纯而制成,它含有α-1,2与α-1,3键,还含有α-1,4和α-1,6键,甚至在某些还原末端上含有β-1,6的结构。并且α-1,3,α-1,2,α-1,6键不能被存在于人体内的各种消化酶分解,而且进入到人体消化道之后也不能被小肠消化和吸收,所以能够进入到人体内大肠,被存在于人体大肠内的各种益生菌作为养料所发酵,可以发挥膳食纤维的各种生理作用,抗性糊精还可以让人们感觉到饱腹感,这对那些有肥胖病的人们可以作为很好的辅助基料加入到食品中,临床试验也证明了抗性糊精对于患有肥胖病的人确实有作用,此外,研究者在患有高胆固醇的小鼠中也发现抗性糊精也具有降低胆固醇的作用。研究人员猜想这极有可能是抗性糊精降低了胆盐和胆固醇的吸收效率,在不久的将来很有可能用于预防高胆固醇血症。
抗性糊精味道没有甜味,能够保持原味,且极易溶于水呈中性,不仅能够增加如饮料等的口感风味,而且溶解比较迅速,抗性糊精作为食品添加剂添加到食品中具有独特的优势。抗性糊精在高温且非常潮湿的环境和pH值多变等复杂条件下,也能够保持稳定。抗性糊精还有许多益处,比如血糖反应较低,释放热量的时间也较长,这些对于那些想控制体重的人作为食品非常有益,还有它对肠道的蠕动和健康也非常有益,利于排便;抗性糊精它还有比较强的耐酸、耐热、易溶性,且它的黏度也比较低,2012年期间我国卫生部门第16号公告中明确表示已经将抗性糊精视为普通食品。目前抗性糊精及相关产品已经在社会上引起很多企业的高度重视,由于生产抗性糊精的原材料来源非常广泛,且较低的生产成本,安全、可靠的生产过程,这将使得抗性糊精在食品行业中的应用越来越广阔。
分支酶(Branching Enzyme,简称BE,EC 2.4.1.18),属于糖苷水解酶家族(GH13)。该酶可以广泛应用于修饰淀粉,催化α-1,6糖苷键的生成;它的主要作用一方面催化供体线性α-1,4葡聚糖链的降解(直链淀粉和支链淀粉),另一方面又可以通过α-1,6糖苷键将降解分子片段连接到受体上,形成更多的支链,从而改变淀粉的支化程度,具有重要的理化性质和生理功能。
环糊精葡萄糖基转移酶(EC2.4.1.19以下简称CGTase)是一种多功能酶,它能催化四种反应:歧化反应(分子间转糖基)、水解反应、环化反应(分子内转糖基)以及偶合反应(环化的逆反应)。其中,歧化反应是CGTase的主要反应,该反应先切断一个直链麦芽低聚糖,然后将切下来的中间产物转移到另一个受体上,使得受体链变长;利用CGTase的转糖基能力,可以将各类糊精、糖链及淀粉分子作为CGTase的糖基供体,在水解反应和耦合反应作用下形成糖苷,再通过歧化作用将糖苷连接到受体链上,这样可以改变受体分子的结构并提升其使用性能,因此利用CGTase制备的产品已广泛应用于医药、食品领域。
我国对抗性糊精的研究起步较晚,产能低,年产量超过1万吨的只有少数几家企业。大量研究表明,这种以淀粉为原料经过高温酸解来制备抗性糊精的方法,只能得到抗性糊精含量为40%左右的焦糊精,这种方法不仅分离纯化工艺复杂,而且还导致了原料利用率低(<40%),因此成本高,难以满足大众消费需求。因此挖掘一种新型方法来制备抗性糊精以及来提高原料利用率,提高抗性成分含量已成为一个亟待解决的问题。
发明内容
为了解决上述问题,本发明提供了一种利用复配酶制备抗性糊精的生产工艺,降低了抗性糊精的生产成本,提高了抗性糊精的产率。
本发明的目的在于以淀粉酸热降解糊精(焦糊精)为底物,提供一种复配酶体系来制备抗性糊精,提高抗性糊精的产率。具体地,是向焦糊精中同时或者先后添加淀粉分支酶和CGT酶。
所述方法中,淀粉分支酶为Thermuobifida fusca来源的淀粉分支酶(TfSBE)。
所述方法中,焦糊精的浓度为2%(g/100mL),溶于pH为6.0-7.0的缓冲液中。
在本发明的一种实施方式中,先向焦糊精中添加Thermuobifida fusca来源的淀粉分支酶(TfSBE),TfSBE添加量为1000-1500U/g(焦糊精),反应温度为30-40℃、pH 6.0-7.0下反应10-12h;然后加入CGT酶,CGT酶的加酶量为5-10U/g(焦糊精),反应时间为10-12h,反应温度为30-40℃,pH为6.0-7.0。
在本发明的一种实施方式中,同时向焦糊精中添加Thermuobifida fusca来源的淀粉分支酶(TfSBE)以及CGT酶,30-40℃、pH 6.0-7.0下反应8-12h。TfSBE加酶量可以是1000-1500U/g焦糊精,CGT酶加酶量可以是5~10U/g焦糊精。
在本发明的一种实施方式中,先向焦糊精中添加CGT酶,在40-50℃、pH为5.5~6的条件下反应4~6h,然后添加Thermuobifida fusca来源的淀粉分支酶,30-40℃、pH 6.0-7.0下反应10-12h。
在本发明的一种实施方式中,Thermuobifida fusca来源的淀粉分支酶(TfSBE)的添加量为1000-1500U/g(焦糊精),反应时间为10-12h,反应温度为30-40℃。pH为6.0-7.0。
本发明的有益效果:本发明首次以淀粉酸热降解糊精为底物,利用复配酶反应体系来制备抗性糊精,使得焦糊精中抗性成分含量达到了65.3%,较焦糊精原料提高了21.3%,大大提高了焦糊精中抗性成分的含量,降低了生产成本。
附图说明
图1 TfSBE和CGT酶先后添加对提高焦糊精中抗性成分。
图2同时添加CGT酶和TfSBE提高焦糊精中抗性成分。
图3 CGT酶与TfSBE先后添加提高焦糊精中抗性成分。
图4 CGT酶与TfSBE复配提高焦糊精中抗性成分的HPLC分析;(a):环糊精标样;(b)CGT酶与TfSBE复配反应后的样品。
具体实施方式
1、抗性成分含量的测定方法:抗性成分的纯度测定参照国标GB/T22224-2008《食品中膳食纤维的测定-酶重量法》。
抗性成分的得率(%)=干燥后物质重量/反应前焦糊精重量*100%。
实施例1:先后添加TfSBE和CGT酶对提高焦糊精中抗性成分含量的作用
以2%(w/v)的焦糊精为底物,在TfSBE的最适催化反应条件下进行,具体为pH6.0-7.0,温度为30-40℃,加酶量为1000-1500U/g(焦糊精),催化反应时间为10-12h,在此基础上再加入CGT酶5-10U/g,在pH 6.0-7.0、30-40℃条件下继续反应10-12h(在此温度和pH条件下CGT酶仍具有70%左右的酶活),反应结束后沸水浴灭酶,用抗性成分含量检测方法检测在不同时间段检测抗性成分的得率。
结果如图1所示,发现当加入CGT酶12-16h,即总催化时间为22-28h后,抗性成分得率达到最大值,为65.3%,较焦糊精原料(空白组)提高了21.3%。
实施例2:同时添加CGT酶与TfSBE提高焦糊精中抗性成分含量
由于CGT酶歧化反应的最适温度为40-50℃,最适pH为5.5,而TfSBE在pH 5.5的条件下,酶活只有30%左右,但是在重组TfSBE的最适温度和最适pH条件下CGT酶依然有接近70%左右的酶活,所以可以在TfSBE的最适酶转化条件下同时加两种酶,重组TfSBE加酶量为1000-1500U/g,CGT酶加酶量为5-10U/g,反应时长依次为4、8、12、16h,反应结束后,沸水浴灭酶10min,然后用抗性成分检测方法检测抗性成分得率,结果如图2所示,可以发现,当反应进行到8-12h时,抗性成分得率达到最大,为57.49%,较原料焦糊精(空白组)中的抗性成分含量提高了13.8%。
实施例3:先后添加CGT酶与TfSBE对提高焦糊精中抗性成分含量的作用
以2%(w/v)的焦糊精为底物,在CGT酶的最适歧化反应下进行酶催化反应,加酶量为5-10U/g,依次反应4、8、12h,然后调pH为6-7,在30-40℃条件下加入最适的重组TfSBE,反应10-12h后沸水浴灭酶,用抗性成分检测方法检测抗性成分得率,结果如图3所示,可以发现,当CGT酶反应4h后加入重组TfSBE反应10-12h时,抗性成分得率就达到最大,为57.5%,较原材料焦糊精抗性提高了13.7%。
为了证明生成的产物不是环糊精,将产物进行HPLC分析,结果如图4所示,发现在对应的出峰时间段并没有出现环糊精的峰,说明生成的产物全部都是抗性成分,CGT酶的添加明显进一步提高了抗性成分含量,综合以上实验方法,案例1进行复配来提高焦糊精中的抗性成分含量,可以使抗性成分含量达到最大,在原焦糊精的基础上,提高了21.3%。
虽然本发明已以较佳实施例公开如上,但其并非用以限定本发明,任何熟悉此技术的人,在不脱离本发明的精神和范围内,都可做各种的改动与修饰,因此本发明的保护范围应该以权利要求书所界定的为准。
Claims (1)
1.一种制备抗性糊精的方法,其特征在于,是向焦糊精中同时或者先后添加淀粉分支酶和CGT酶;所述淀粉分支酶为Thermuobifidafusca来源的淀粉分支酶(TfSBE);所述CGT酶是微生物来源的环糊精葡萄糖基转移酶;所述TfSBE添加量为1000-1500U/g焦糊精,所述CGT酶的加酶量为5-10U/g焦糊精;所述焦糊精的浓度为2g/100mL,溶于pH为6.0-7.0的缓冲液中;
所述方法为先向焦糊精中添加Thermuobifidafusca来源的淀粉分支酶(TfSBE),反应温度为30-40 ℃、pH 6.0-7.0下反应10-12 h;然后加入CGT酶,反应时间为10-12 h,反应温度为30-40℃,pH为6.0-7.0;或
同时向焦糊精中添加Thermuobifidafusca来源的淀粉分支酶(TfSBE)以及CGT酶,30-40 ℃、pH 6.0-7.0下反应8-12 h;或
先向焦糊精中添加CGT酶,在40-50℃、pH为5.5~6的条件下反应4~6h,然后添加Thermuobifidafusca来源的淀粉分支酶,30-40 ℃、pH 6.0-7.0下反应10-12 h。
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