Bone targeting drug delivery system based on near-infrared II-region quantum dots and preparation method and application thereof
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of biomedicine, and relates to a bone targeting drug delivery system based on near-infrared II-region quantum dots, and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
Bones are the scaffolds of the body, and the health of bones directly affects the living and life quality of the body. In recent years, the incidence of bone diseases such as osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, and bone tumors has increased year by year, and the quality of life of patients has been seriously affected. The bone tissue system is huge and widely distributed in the body, and in the treatment process of bone diseases, if a conventional administration mode is adopted, the medicine can reach the tissue and exert the medicine effect only by keeping a certain systemic concentration, but systemic side effects can be caused, and the medicine poisoning treatment scheme has certain limitation in the treatment of the bone diseases. Currently, the above problems are mainly solved by bone-targeted drug delivery solutions.
One of the key factors affecting bone-targeted drug delivery systems is the carrier. The carrier should be designed to be of a moderate size to pass the dense "bone marrow-blood barrier" and to be able to bind to the hydroxyapatite, the main component of bone tissue, to achieve a bone targeting effect. Currently known bone-targeted drug delivery carriers include tetracycline carriers, gem-bisphosphonate carriers, polypropionic acid carriers, small-molecule heterocyclic carriers and oligo-skin carriers, which can be combined with hydroxyapatite, but the bone-targeted drug delivery systems really applied to clinic are few.
On one hand, most substances with bone targeting effects often have certain pharmacological effects, possibly generate interference or even unknown side effects on treatment, and are not beneficial to evaluating the treatment effect of a target drug; on the other hand, the research on the distribution, metabolism and drug targeting of bone targeting drugs in bones is difficult, the conventional pharmacological detection method is destructive to bone tissues, and the existing nondestructive detection method mainly depends on radioactive element labeling, has strong side effect and poor popularization, and seriously limits the research on the bone targeting drug delivery.
CN 104288786A discloses a tumor targeted diagnosis and treatment system based on near-infrared quantum dots and a preparation method thereof, wherein the tumor targeted diagnosis and treatment system comprises: an inner core composed of near-infrared quantum dots; modified PEG molecules coated on the surface of the inner core; a tumor vascular targeting molecule coupled to the modified PEG molecule by chemical cross-linking; an anti-tumor angiogenesis drug assembled in the tumor targeted diagnosis and treatment system. The tumor targeted diagnosis and treatment system can realize in-situ, real-time, visual and quantitative diagnosis, treatment and evaluation of tumors, but in order to improve the specificity of targeted tumors, tumor blood vessel targeted molecules need to be coupled, the preparation method is more complicated and the cost is higher, and the tumor targeted diagnosis and treatment system can not realize bone targeting.
Therefore, the development of a visual carrier which has weak side effects and can effectively realize bone-targeted drug delivery and simultaneously realize real-time tracking is of great significance in the pharmacological research of bone disease treatment drugs.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a bone targeting drug delivery system based on near-infrared II region quantum dots, a preparation method and application thereof, wherein the quantum dots with the size smaller than 20nm can break the blood marrow barrier to reach bone tissues, and the visualized bone targeting delivery of drugs is realized on the premise of not depending on biological targeting molecules by combining amino polyethylene glycol with positive electricity modified on the surface of the quantum dots with hydroxyapatite with negative electricity in bones.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
in a first aspect, the invention provides an application of near-infrared II region quantum dots in the preparation of a bone targeting drug delivery system;
wherein, the surface of the near-infrared II region quantum dot is modified with amino polyethylene glycol.
According to the invention, the surface of the quantum dot in the near-infrared II region is modified with amino polyethylene glycol and is electropositive, and the quantum dot is efficiently combined with a main component of a skeleton, namely electronegative hydroxyapatite under the action of electrostatic force to realize the targeting of the quantum dot to a bone tissue.
In the invention, the amino polyethylene glycol is a polyethylene glycol of which the tail end comprises at least one amino group, the method for modifying the quantum dot by the polyethylene glycol is not particularly limited, and a person skilled in the art can select different methods and reaction conditions to modify the quantum dot according to actual conditions.
According to the invention, the surface of the quantum dot in the near-infrared II region is modified with the modified polyethylene glycol, so that the biological stability and biocompatibility of the quantum dot are improved, and the internal circulation of the quantum dot is facilitated.
In the invention, excessive amino polyethylene glycol is adopted to modify the near-infrared II region quantum dots, the obtained drug carrier has weaker electropositivity and is not easy to combine with negatively charged tissues under the condition of high blood flow rate, but after reaching the bone tissues, the compact structure of the bone tissues enables the blood flow rate and the quantum dot flow rate to be reduced, and meanwhile, as the positive charge amount carried by the quantum dots is matched with the negative charge amount of the bone tissues, the quantum dots are prevented from being adsorbed on other tissues, and the specific targeting of the quantum dots to the bone tissues is realized.
Because the tumor vascular cells and the bone cells are different in cell environment, cell properties and the like, the near-infrared II region quantum dot-based drug delivery system can not cause specific targeting on the tumor vascular cells.
Preferably, the near-infrared region II quantum dots comprise Ag2S quantum dot, Ag2Any one of Se quantum dots or PbS quantum dots or a combination of at least two of Se quantum dots or PbS quantum dots.
Preferably, the particle size of the near-infrared region II quantum dots is 2-20nm, for example, 2nm, 3nm, 4nm, 5nm, 6nm, 7nm, 8nm, 9nm, 10nm, 11nm, 12nm, 13nm, 14nm, 15nm, 16nm, 17nm, 18nm, 19nm or 20nm, preferably 3-10 nm.
In the invention, quantum dots with the particle size of less than 20nm are used as drug delivery carriers, which are beneficial to the carriers to reach bone tissues through the dense marrow-blood barrier by blood circulation.
In a second aspect, the present invention provides a drug delivery system comprising near-infrared region II quantum dots modified with aminopolyethylene glycol on the surface.
Preferably, the delivery system further comprises a drug.
In the present invention, the drug includes a drug for treating osteoporosis, osteoarthritis or bone tumors, for example, doxorubicin may be mentioned.
In a third aspect, the present invention provides a method of preparing a delivery system according to the second aspect, the method comprising:
adding the medicine into a solution containing the near-infrared II region quantum dots with the surfaces modified with the aminopolyethylene glycol, and stirring to obtain the drug delivery system.
In the present invention, the loading method of the drug is not particularly limited, and those skilled in the art can select different loading methods according to the drug characteristics.
Preferably, the mass ratio of the drug to the quantum dots is (1-5):1, for example, 1:1, 1:2, 1:3, 1:4 or 1:5, preferably (2-3): 1.
Preferably, the stirring time is 12-18h, for example 12h, 13h, 14h, 15h, 16h, 17h or 18h, preferably 15-16 h.
In a fourth aspect, the present invention provides the use of a delivery system according to the second aspect for the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment of an orthopaedic disorder.
Preferably, the orthopaedic disease comprises any one or a combination of at least two of osteoporosis, osteoarthritis or a bone tumour.
In a fifth aspect, the present invention provides a method of visual drug delivery, the method comprising:
the drug delivery system of the second aspect is delivered to the animal and visualized under a live imager for drug delivery.
Preferably, the input of the delivery system is 5-15mg/kg, for example 5mg/kg, 8mg/kg, 10mg/kg, 13mg/kg or 15mg/kg, preferably 10-13 mg/kg.
Preferably, the animal includes any one of mouse, rat, rabbit, dog, monkey, or pig or a combination of at least two thereof.
Preferably, the detection signal of the living body imager is a near infrared II-region signal.
According to the invention, the near-infrared II-region quantum dots are used as carriers, so that the tissue penetration and the spatial resolution are very high in living body fluorescence imaging, biological autofluorescence interference is hardly generated, the bone targeting process of the medicine can be tracked in a full range through near-infrared II-region fluorescence signals, the tracing effect is good, the method is simple and convenient, the cost is low, convenience is provided for pharmacological research, and a brand-new way is provided for treatment research of bone diseases.
The invention provides a visual bone-targeted drug delivery device, comprising:
a drug delivery element comprising a delivery system according to the second aspect for delivering near infrared region II quantum dots loaded with a drug into an animal;
and/or the fluorescence imaging element comprises a living body imager, and the detection signal of the living body imager is a near infrared II-zone fluorescence signal and is used for detecting the living body drug delivery condition in real time.
In a sixth aspect, the present invention provides a use of the drug delivery system according to the second aspect or the method according to the fifth aspect for visual bone-targeted drug delivery.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the near-infrared II region quantum dots which are modified with the amino polyethylene glycol and are less than 20nm are adsorbed on bone tissues by virtue of the action of dynamics and electrostatic force, do not have physiological action with the bone tissues, realize the bone targeting effect, do not interfere the treatment effect of the medicament, have small side effect and are beneficial to the pharmacological research of the medicament;
(2) the drug delivery system based on the near-infrared II-region quantum dots fully tracks the bone targeting process of the drug through the near-infrared II-region fluorescence signals in the living body fluorescence imaging, has very high tissue penetration and spatial resolution, almost has no biological autofluorescence interference, and has good tracing effect;
(3) the invention does not adopt complex and expensive bone targeting reagents, and has simple method and low cost.
Drawings
FIG. 1A shows the results of in vitro bone targeting experiments, which respectively use Ag with 10nm particle size modified with carboxyl polyethylene glycol and amino polyethylene glycol on the surface2Marking mouse thighbone for 3 hours by using quantum dots in near-infrared II region S, and imaging fluorescent small animals in near-infrared II region SImaging effect under the instrument, fig. 1(B) is a real object enlarged view of mouse femur;
FIG. 2 shows the results of in vivo bone targeting experiments, in which Ag with 10nm particle size, which is modified with aminopolyethylene glycol and loaded with adriamycin2And S, injecting the quantum dots in the near-infrared region II into a nude mouse intravenously, and performing imaging effect under a near-infrared region II fluorescence small animal imager.
Detailed Description
To further illustrate the technical means adopted by the present invention and the effects thereof, the present invention is further described below with reference to the embodiments and the accompanying drawings. It is to be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not limiting of the invention.
The examples do not show the specific techniques or conditions, according to the technical or conditions described in the literature in the field, or according to the product specifications. The reagents or apparatus used are conventional products commercially available from normal sources, not indicated by the manufacturer.
Reagents and instrumentation:
(1)4-8 weeks female nude mice;
(2) primary reagent
Doxorubicin hydrochloride (sigma, usa), triethylamine (sigma, usa), silver diethyldithiocarbamate (sigma, usa), dodecanethiol (sigma, usa), cyclohexane (national medicine, china), ethanol (national medicine, china), dimethyl sulfoxide (national medicine, china), aminopolyethylene glycol (sigma, china), 1 × PBS buffer;
(3) main instrument
Near-infrared II zone fluorescent small animal in vivo imager (Yirui, China).
Example 1
0.1mmol of silver diethyldithiocarbamate, 10g of dodecanethiol were mixed and placed in a flask under N2Heating to 200 deg.C in atmosphere, maintaining for 1h, naturally cooling to room temperature, adding 50mL anhydrous ethanol, centrifuging, washing, dispersing in cyclohexane, adding 0.15g thioctic acid into cyclohexane, adding anhydrous ethanol of the same volume, and performing ultrasonic cleaningUltrasonic treating for 4 hr, centrifuging, washing with deionized water to obtain water soluble Ag with particle size of about 5nm2S quantum dots; 0.25mg of the above Ag2Dispersing S quantum dots in 100 mu L of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), and mixing a 50 mu L DMSO solution containing 0.01mmol of NHS with the solution; adding 50 μ L DMSO solution containing 0.01mmol EDC into the above mixed solution, wrapping with aluminum foil, stirring for 1h, centrifuging, and dispersing in 100 μ L DMSO; a mixed solution of 0.5mg of aminopolyethylene glycol and 185. mu.L of 1 XPBS was added to 100. mu.L of Ag2Reacting in S/DMSO mixed solution at 4 deg.C in dark for 12h, washing, and centrifuging to obtain amino polyethylene glycol Ag2S(NH2-PEG-Ag2S) quantum dots.
Example 2 in vitro bone targeting experiments
Modifying the surface of Ag with amino polyethylene glycol and having a particle size of 10nm2And marking the mouse thighbone by the quantum dots in the near infrared II region for 3 hours, washing by PBS to remove the free quantum dots, and imaging under a fluorescent small animal imager in the near infrared II region.
Comparative example 1
Compared with example 2, Ag with 10nm particle size and surface modified carboxyl PEG is adopted2S near infrared II region quantum dot (COOH-PEG-Ag)2S) mark mouse femurs, otherwise the conditions were the same as in example 2.
As shown in FIG. 1(A), the results of in vitro bone targeting experiments were obtained by using NH under the same labeling conditions2-PEG-Ag2S binds to mouse femur with COOH-PEG-Ag2S was not bound to the mouse femur, and fig. 1(B) is a real enlarged view of the mouse femur.
Example 3 in vivo bone targeting experiments
(1) Preparation of adriamycin bone targeting drug delivery system
Dissolving 10mg doxorubicin hydrochloride in 1mL DMSO, adding 6. mu.L triethylamine, stirring for 2 hr, adding 5mg Ag with surface modified amino PEG and particle size of 10nm2S near-infrared II region quantum dots, adding 9mL of PBS buffer solution, stirring at room temperature in the dark for 15 hours, transferring the reaction solution into a 100K ultrafiltration centrifuge tube, centrifuging at 4000rpm for 30 minutes to remove free adriamycin, and washing with PBS for 3 times to obtain the adriamycinBone-targeted delivery system (NH) for mycin2-PEG-Ag2S-DOX)。
(2) Visual drug delivery
Injecting chloral hydrate solution into abdominal cavity of mouse for anesthesia, and adding NH2-PEG-Ag2200 μ g of Ag in terms of S-DOX2The input amount of S/mouse is input into the nude mouse body through tail vein, and is observed in the near infrared II area living body imaging instrument to track the bone targeting process of the adriamycin bone targeting drug delivery system.
As shown in FIG. 2, the results of the bone targeting experiment in vivo, NH injected into mice2-PEG-Ag2S is targeted to bone tissues, and the bone tissues of the vertebra, the sternum, the femur and the like of the mouse emit obvious near infrared II-region fluorescent signals.
Example 4
Compared with example 3, Ag with the surface modified with amino PEG and the particle size of 3nm is adopted2Se near infrared II region quantum dots and other conditions are the same as in example 3.
Example 5
Compared with the example 3, the PbS near infrared II region quantum dot with the particle size of 3nm is adopted, the surface of which is modified by amino PEG, and other conditions are the same as the example 3.
Example 6
Compared with example 3, Ag with 2nm particle diameter and surface modified amino PEG is adopted2And S near infrared II region quantum dots, and the other conditions are the same as those of the example 3.
Example 7
Compared with example 3, Ag with the surface modified with amino PEG and the particle size of 20nm is adopted2And S near infrared II region quantum dots, and the other conditions are the same as those of the example 3.
The results show that the delivery systems of examples 4 to 7 also have bone targeting effects.
In conclusion, the near-infrared II region quantum dots which are modified with amino polyethylene glycol and are smaller than 20nm are used as carriers, the carriers are adsorbed on bone tissues under the action of dynamics and electrostatic force and do not have physiological action with the bone tissues, the bone targeting effect is realized, the treatment effect of the medicine is not interfered, the side effect is small, and the pharmacological research of the medicine is facilitated; the near-infrared II-region quantum dots are used as carriers, the bone targeting process of the medicine is tracked in a full range through near-infrared II-region fluorescent signals in vivo fluorescence imaging, the tissue penetration degree and the spatial resolution are very high, biological autofluorescence interference hardly exists, and the tracing effect is good; the invention does not adopt complex and expensive bone targeting reagents, and has simple method and low cost.
The applicant states that the present invention is illustrated in detail by the above examples, but the present invention is not limited to the above detailed methods, i.e. it is not meant that the present invention must rely on the above detailed methods for its implementation. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that any modification of the present invention, equivalent substitutions of the raw materials of the product of the present invention, addition of auxiliary components, selection of specific modes, etc., are within the scope and disclosure of the present invention.