CN108402043A - 一种含异丙噻菌胺的杀菌组合物 - Google Patents
一种含异丙噻菌胺的杀菌组合物 Download PDFInfo
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- CN108402043A CN108402043A CN201810246944.5A CN201810246944A CN108402043A CN 108402043 A CN108402043 A CN 108402043A CN 201810246944 A CN201810246944 A CN 201810246944A CN 108402043 A CN108402043 A CN 108402043A
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/02—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
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- A01N43/06—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom five-membered rings
- A01N43/10—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom five-membered rings with sulfur as the ring hetero atom
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- A01N37/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids
- A01N37/02—Saturated carboxylic acids or thio analogues thereof; Derivatives thereof
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- A01N37/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids
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- A01N37/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids
- A01N37/44—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids containing at least one carboxylic group or a thio analogue, or a derivative thereof, and a nitrogen atom attached to the same carbon skeleton by a single or double bond, this nitrogen atom not being a member of a derivative or of a thio analogue of a carboxylic group, e.g. amino-carboxylic acids
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/02—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- A01N43/04—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom
- A01N43/06—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom five-membered rings
- A01N43/08—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom five-membered rings with oxygen as the ring hetero atom
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/02—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- A01N43/24—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with two or more hetero atoms
- A01N43/32—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with two or more hetero atoms six-membered rings
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/34—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
- A01N43/40—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom six-membered rings
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/34—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
- A01N43/40—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom six-membered rings
- A01N43/42—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom six-membered rings condensed with carbocyclic rings
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/48—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with two nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- A01N43/54—1,3-Diazines; Hydrogenated 1,3-diazines
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/48—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with two nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- A01N43/56—1,2-Diazoles; Hydrogenated 1,2-diazoles
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/72—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with nitrogen atoms and oxygen or sulfur atoms as ring hetero atoms
- A01N43/74—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with nitrogen atoms and oxygen or sulfur atoms as ring hetero atoms five-membered rings with one nitrogen atom and either one oxygen atom or one sulfur atom in positions 1,3
- A01N43/78—1,3-Thiazoles; Hydrogenated 1,3-thiazoles
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/72—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with nitrogen atoms and oxygen or sulfur atoms as ring hetero atoms
- A01N43/80—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with nitrogen atoms and oxygen or sulfur atoms as ring hetero atoms five-membered rings with one nitrogen atom and either one oxygen atom or one sulfur atom in positions 1,2
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/72—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with nitrogen atoms and oxygen or sulfur atoms as ring hetero atoms
- A01N43/82—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with nitrogen atoms and oxygen or sulfur atoms as ring hetero atoms five-membered rings with three ring hetero atoms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/90—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having two or more relevant hetero rings, condensed among themselves or with a common carbocyclic ring system
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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- A01N47/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid
- A01N47/08—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid the carbon atom having one or more single bonds to nitrogen atoms
- A01N47/10—Carbamic acid derivatives, i.e. containing the group —O—CO—N<; Thio analogues thereof
- A01N47/16—Carbamic acid derivatives, i.e. containing the group —O—CO—N<; Thio analogues thereof the nitrogen atom being part of a heterocyclic ring
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种含异丙噻菌胺的协同杀菌组合物,其特征在于除了A组分的异丙噻菌胺以外,还包括至少一种其它的杀菌剂作为B组分药剂,以及农药制剂加工中可以使用的助剂,制成常规的农药制剂,应用于防治植物病害。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于农药应用技术领域,涉及一种农药组合物,具体的说是一种含异丙噻菌胺的杀菌组合物,应用于防治植物病害。
背景技术
在农业生产过程中,植物病害发生严重,危害植物茎、叶等营养器官,以及果实、种子、块茎等繁殖器官部位,影响植物光合作用,影响食用部位外观,使作物产量锐减,品质下降严重。病害发生严重时,导致作物绝收。因此,植物病害在生产实际上具有重要的防治意义,杀菌剂是防治植物病害的最为经济、快捷而有效的方法。
单一杀菌剂使用容易产生抗药性或防治谱有限,并不能很好地解决生产实际中的植物病害危害。混配杀菌剂具有可扩大防治谱、增强防效,延缓植物病原菌抗药性等优势,在生产实践中成为最受欢迎的应用形式。尤其是具有协同作用的杀菌剂,杀菌剂各有效组分间相互作用,使组合时效果优于单独使用效果的理论总和,因而在实际使用时可起到事半功倍的效果,更受使用者青睐。
异丙噻菌胺(isofetamid)是由国外企业开发的杀菌剂,属琥珀酸脱氢酶抑制剂,为广谱性杀菌剂,可有效防治子囊菌和半知菌病害,如葡萄、番茄、黄瓜、油菜、草莓、草坪等作物上的灰霉病、菌核病,还可防治草坪币斑病、苹果黑星病、苹果斑点落叶病、小麦白粉病、黄瓜白粉病、番茄早疫病、白菜黑斑病、烟草赤星病、油菜黑胫病、大麦云纹病、桃褐腐病、西瓜蔓枯病、瓜类炭疽病等病害。CAS登录号为875915-78-9。其结构式如下:
唑嘧菌胺(Ametoctradin)、胺苯吡菌酮(fenpyrazamine)、氟噻唑吡乙酮(oxathiapiprolin)、氟吡菌胺(fluopicolide)、氟茚唑菌胺(fluindapyr)、氟噻虫砜(fluensulfone)、高效烯唑醇(diniconazole-M)、灭菌唑(triticonazole)、精呋霜灵(furalaxyl-M)、mandestrobin、dipymetitrone、tebufloquin、pyriofenone、flutianil、dichlobentiazox、aminopyrifen、二甲嘧酚(dimethirimol)、乙嘧酚(ethirimol)、异噻菌酮(octhilinone)、氰烯菌酯(phenamacril)、氟嘧菌胺(diflumetorim)、菌核净(dimethachlone)、氟苯嘧啶醇(nuarimol)、活化酯(acibenzolar-S-methyl)、噻唑锌(zincthiazole)、代森锰铜(mancopper)、辛酸铜盐(copper octanoate)、二氰蒽醌(dithianon)是多种广谱性的杀菌剂,对多种作物上的植物病害均表现出优良防效。上述化合物可包括农业上使用的各种存在形式,如盐、酯、异构体等衍生物。
本发明经过大量的配方筛选试验研究发现,当异丙噻菌胺与唑嘧菌胺、胺苯吡菌酮、氟噻唑吡乙酮、氟吡菌胺、氟茚唑菌胺、氟噻虫砜、高效烯唑醇、灭菌唑、精呋霜灵、mandestrobin、dipymetitrone、tebufloquin、pyriofenone、flutianil、dichlobentiazox、aminopyrifen、二甲嘧酚、乙嘧酚、异噻菌酮、氰烯菌酯、氟嘧菌胺、菌核净、氟苯嘧啶醇、活化酯、噻唑锌、代森锰铜、辛酸铜盐、二氰蒽醌中的一种或一种以上药剂任意组合时,显示出令人惊讶的杀菌效果,即表现出良好的协同作用,实际杀菌效果明显优于单独使用的理论总和,在生产上具有非常广泛的应用前景。
发明内容
本发明涉及协同杀菌组合物,包括活性成分A和B,所述的活性成分A为异丙噻菌胺(isofetamid),所述的活性成分B为唑嘧菌胺、胺苯吡菌酮、氟噻唑吡乙酮、氟吡菌胺、氟茚唑菌胺、氟噻虫砜、高效烯唑醇、灭菌唑、精呋霜灵、mandestrobin、dipymetitrone、tebufloquin、pyriofenone、flutianil、dichlobentiazox、aminopyrifen、二甲嘧酚、乙嘧酚、异噻菌酮、氰烯菌酯、氟嘧菌胺、菌核净、氟苯嘧啶醇、活化酯、噻唑锌、代森锰铜、辛酸铜盐、二氰蒽醌中的一种或一种以上组合。此外,还包括农药制剂加工中可以使用的助剂。
所述组合物可以特别良好的效果用于防治各种有用作物中的植物病害,所述有用作物包括但不限于常规育种作物、转基因作物及无性繁殖作物、驯化栽培的野生植物等,特别适用于防治蔬菜(如番茄、黄瓜、辣椒)、果树(如苹果、梨、桃、葡萄、柑橘、草莓)、油菜、马铃薯、烟草、花生、观赏植物(如草坪、玫瑰)、水稻、玉米、小麦等作物上的多种病害。
可提及的具体实例为一些可用本发明的组合物防治的代表性植物病害,所述实例并不限于特定属种。需要说明的是本发明并不局限于以下具体实例,还可以相同方式延伸到其它植物病害,括号注明其病原拉丁文学名:
果树、蔬菜等作物灰霉病(Botrytis cinerea),油菜、向日葵菌核病(Sclerotiniasclerotiorum),草坪币斑病(Sclerotinia homoeocarpa),油菜黑胫病(Phoma lingam),苹果黑星病(Venturia inaequalis)、白粉病(Podosphaera leucotricha)、斑点落叶病(Alternaria mali)、腐烂病(Valsa mali)、轮纹病(Physalospora piricola)、褐斑病(Marssonina coronaria),梨黑星病(Venturia nashicola),白菜黑斑病(Alternariabrassicae),番茄、辣椒和马铃薯早疫病(Alternaria solani),黄瓜炭疽病(Colletotrichum orbiculare),柑橘和辣椒炭疽病(Colletotrichum glecosporioides),草莓、葡萄和苹果炭疽病(Glomerella cingulata),香蕉炭疽病(Colletotrichum musae),香蕉叶斑病(Mycosphaerella fijiensis),葫芦科蔬菜(黄瓜、西葫芦、南瓜)白粉病(Sphaerotheca fuliginea),草莓白粉病(Sphaerotheca aphanis),葡萄黑痘病(Sphaceloma ampelinum)、白粉病(Erysiphe necator)、白腐病(Coniothyriumdiptodictta),柑橘疮痂病(Sphaceloma fawcettii)、黄龙病(Liberobacter asiaticum)、青霉病(Penicillium italicum),桃褐腐病(Monilinia fructicola),甜樱桃褐腐病(Monilinia laxa),芒果蒂腐病(Phomopsis mangiferae),花生白绢病(Sclerotiumrolfsii)、叶斑病(Cercospora arachidicola)、冠腐病(Aspergillus niger),棉花黄萎病(Verticillium dahliae),大豆锈病(Phakopsora pachyrhizi)、紫斑病(Cercosporakikuchii),西瓜蔓枯病(Mycosphaerella melonis),烟草赤星病(Alternariaalternata),马铃薯黑痣病和水稻纹枯病(Rhizoctonia solani),马铃薯银腐病(Helminthosporium solani),观赏花卉黑斑病(Septoria fhrysanth),食用菌病害(如褐腐病Mycogone perniciosa、褐斑病Verticillium fungicola、绿霉Trichoderma viride、链孢霉Neurospora crassa等),桃树流胶病(Botryosphaeria ribis),黄瓜靶斑病(Corynespora cassiicola)、甜菜褐斑病(Cercospora beticola),小麦散黑穗病(Ustilago tritici)、腥黑穗病(Tilletia caries)、秆黑粉病(Urocystis occulta)、雪霉叶枯病(Monographella nivalis)、壳针孢叶枯病(Septoria tritici)、白粉病(Blumeriagraminis)、全蚀病(Gaeumannomyces graminis)、叶锈病(Puccinia recondita)、条锈病(P.striiformis)、杆锈病(P.graminis)、纹枯病(Rhizoctonia cerealis)、赤霉病(Fusarium graminearum)、根腐病(Bipolaris sorokiniana),大麦黑穗病(Ustilagohordei)、条纹病(Pyrenophora graminea)、云纹病(Rhynchosporium secalis)、网斑病(Pyrenophora teres),燕麦散黑穗病(Ustilago avenae),玉米大斑病(Exserohilumturcicum)、茎基腐病(Fusarium graminearum)、小斑病(Bipolaris maydis)、丝黑穗病(Sphacelotheca reiliana)、黑粉病(Ustilago maydis),洋葱黑粉病(Urocystiscolchici),水稻恶苗病(Fusarium moniliforme)、稻曲病(Ustilaginoidea oryzae)、稻瘟病(Magnaporthe grisea)、粒黑粉病(Tilletia barclayana)、胡麻叶斑病(Cochliobolusmiyabeanus),豆类、紫花苜蓿、鳞茎类、油料作物、高粱、甜菜、向日葵、玉米、棉花等作物猝倒病和立枯病(Rhizoctonia solani),西瓜和棉花枯萎病、大豆根腐病(Fusariumoxysporum),花生根腐病(Fusarium solani),黄瓜霜霉病(Pseudoperonosporacubensis),葡萄霜霉病(Plasmopara viticola),白菜霜霉病(Peronospora parasitica),马铃薯和番茄晚疫病(Phytophthora infestans),芸薹属蔬菜根肿病(Plasmodiophorabrassicae),烟草黑胫病(Phytophthora parasitica var.nicotianae),辣椒疫病(Phytophthora capsic),观赏植物腐霉病(Pythium splendens),草坪腐霉枯萎病(Pythium aphanidermatum),甘蓝猝倒病(Pythium aphanidermatum),水稻白叶枯病(Xanthomonas oryzae)、细菌性谷枯病(Burkholderi gluma)、细菌性立枯病(Pseudomonasplantarii),柑橘溃疡病(Xanthomonas campestris),桃树细菌性穿孔病(Xanthomonasarboricola),烟草野火病(Pseudomonas syringae pv.tabaci),烟草、番茄和茄子青枯病(Pseudomonas solanacearum),黄瓜细菌性角斑病(Pseudomonas syringaepv.lachrymans),大白菜软腐病(Erwinia carotovora),番茄、茄子、黄瓜、芹菜、烟草根结线虫病(Meloidogyne incognita),辣椒根结线虫病(Meloidogyne hapla),花生根结线虫病(Meloidogyne arenaria),大豆胞囊线虫(Heterodera glycines),爪哇根结线虫(Meloidogyne javanica),大豆穿刺短体线虫(Pratylenchus penetrans),草坪针刺线虫(Belonolaimus longicaudatus),玉米短体线虫(Pratylenchus zeae),马铃薯金线虫(Globodera rostochiensis),番茄肾形线虫(Rotylenchulus reniform)等。
为了解决上述技术问题,本发明采用如下技术方案予以实现:
本发明组合物组分A和B可以任意比例混配,通常一种活性成分含量高于其余活性成分,优选混合比是100:1至1:100或50:1至1:50。
本发明组合物可通过将活性成分与农药制剂加工中可以使用的助剂混合,用已知方法制备为常规的制剂,如乳油、悬浮剂、水分散粒剂、水乳剂、微乳剂、可湿性粉剂、颗粒剂、可分散油悬浮剂、微囊悬浮剂、悬乳剂等。制剂中一般含有0.1~95%重量的活性成分,优选0.5~90%重量的活性成分。
农药制剂加工中可以使用的助剂包括但不限于:水、溶剂、填料、各种表面活性剂(乳化剂、分散剂、润湿剂等)、黏结剂、成膜剂、着色剂、防冻剂、增稠剂、助悬剂、崩解剂、消泡剂、渗透剂、警戒色、稳定剂、壁囊材料、pH调节剂、防腐剂等。并且,适当地,为了提高对特定作物耐受力,可适当添加安全剂;或者有时为了促进作物生长发育,可在混配组合物中添加常规农业肥料,制成药肥混剂。这些助剂都是农药制剂中常用或允许使用的成分,并无特别限定,可选择一种或一种以上助剂构成,具体成分和用量根据配方要求通过简单的试验确定。
所述组合物各种应用剂型的生产工艺均属现有已知技术,在此不再赘述。
本发明组合物可以多种方法使用,如兑水以常规方式喷雾使用,或直接撒施或沟施,或拌毒土撒施等,于植物出苗前、出苗后营养生长期和生殖生长期均可使用。用药量可在较宽范围内变化,并且取决于土壤的状况、使用方法、作物、待防治的植物病害种类及苗龄大小、当时的气候条件及其他因素。本发明组合物通常以0.001~2.0kg活性成分混合物/公顷的用量施用,或者以1~2000mg活性成分混合物/kg的用量施用;更为优选地,以0.01~0.8kg活性成分混合物/公顷的用量施用,以10~800mg活性成分混合物/kg的用量施用。
本发明与现有技术相比,具有如下技术效果:
1、混配组合物具有良好的协同作用,应用效果明显优于单剂理论效果总和,即具有超叠加作用,可更好地控制植物病害发生危害;
2、混配组合物活性成分之间在植物病害防治谱上具有良好的互补性,可很好扩大防治谱,综合有效控制各种植物病害发生危害;
3、混配组合物具有良好的协同作用,可减少药剂使用量,降低使用成本和环境污染,提高对作物的安全性。
具体实施方式
以下给出本发明的具体实施例,需要说明的是本发明并不局限于以下具体实施例,凡在本申请技术方案基础上做的等同变换均落入本发明的保护范围。
实施例1:64%乳油
配方组成为:活性成分A为56%,活性成分B为8%,乳化剂十二烷基硫酸钠4%,乳化剂脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚5%,溶剂二甲苯补足至100%。
制备方法为:将所有物料投入配料釜中,搅拌溶解至完全透明,化验合格后,转移至储罐灌装。
实施例2:24%悬浮剂
配方组成为:活性成分A为20%,活性成分B为4%,润湿剂二辛基磺基琥珀酸钠3%,分散剂聚羧酸盐4%,防冻剂乙二醇5%,增稠剂黄原胶0.2%,水补足至100%。
制备方法为:将活性成分和润湿剂、分散剂、防冻剂和水投入搅拌釜中,充分搅拌后,将物料抽入砂磨机中进行充分研磨,研磨完成后,抽入高速剪切机中,加入增稠剂后,进行高速剪切,剪切完成后即制得悬浮剂。
实施例3:72%水分散粒剂
配方组成为:活性成分A为9%,活性成分B为63%,润湿剂烷基丁二酸酯磺酸盐6%,分散剂木质素磺酸钙5%,崩解剂硫酸钠5%,黏结剂羧甲基纤维素0.2%,填料高岭土补足至100%。
制备方法为:将所有物料混合均匀后,经气流粉碎机粉碎,再次混合均匀,然后,加入一定量的水将此混合物捏合,挤压造粒,经干燥筛分,即得到水分散粒剂。
实施例4:12%水乳剂
配方组成为:活性成分A为9%,活性成分B为3%,溶剂二甲苯9%,溶剂环己酮4%,乳化剂烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚5%,乳化剂顺丁烯二酸二仲辛酯磺酸钠3%,防冻剂丙二醇4%,水补足至100%。
制备方法为:将活性成分A和B用溶剂充分溶解后,投入乳化剂充分搅拌后形成油相;将防冻剂加入水中溶解,形成水相;将水相缓慢加入油相中,使用高速剪切机剪切,即可得水乳剂。
实施例5:20%微乳剂
配方组成为:活性成分A为2%,活性成分B为18%,溶剂二甲苯10%,溶剂Solvesso1006%,乳化剂蓖麻油聚氧乙烯醚8%,乳化剂十二烷基苯磺酸钠5%,防冻剂丙三醇5%,水补足至100%。
制备方法为:将活性成分A和B用溶剂充分溶解后,投入乳化剂和防冻剂混合均匀,最后加入去离子水,进行高速剪切,即可得微乳剂。
实施例6:84%可湿性粉剂
配方组成为:活性成分A为14%,活性成分B为70%,润湿剂拉开粉4%,分散剂萘磺酸钠甲醛缩合物6%,填料硅藻土补足至100%。
制备方法为:将活性成分和各助剂混合均匀,投入机械粉粹机中进行初粉粹,之后经气流粉碎机粉碎,再混合均匀,即制得可湿性粉剂。
实施例7:6%颗粒剂
配方组成为:活性成分A为3%,活性成分B为3%,润湿剂苯乙基酚聚氧乙烯醚0.8%,分散剂亚甲基双萘磺酸钠0.7%,着色剂炭黑0.2%,填料膨润土补足至100%。
制备方法为:将所有物料混合均匀后,加入一定量的水将此混合物捏合,挤压造粒,经干燥筛分,即得到颗粒剂。
实施例8:32%可分散油悬浮剂
配方组成为:活性成分A为8%,活性成分B为24%,乳化剂聚氧乙烯失水山梨醇脂肪酸酮7%,乳化剂十二烷基苯磺酸钙5%,分散剂对甲氧基脂肪酰胺基苯磺酸钠3%,增稠剂白炭黑1.5%,分散介质油酸甲酯补足至100%。
制备方法为:将活性成分和乳化剂、分散剂和分散介质投入搅拌釜中,充分搅拌后,抽入高速剪切机中,进行高速剪切,再泵至砂磨机中进行充分砂磨,砂磨合格后加入增稠剂,搅拌均匀即得可分散油悬浮剂。
实施例9:42%微囊悬浮剂
配方组成为:活性成分A为28%,活性成分B为14%,溶剂二甲苯10%,溶剂邻苯二甲酸二乙酯8%,油性囊皮甲苯基异氰酸酯5%,水性囊皮乙二胺4%,乳化剂苯乙烯基酚聚氧乙烯聚氧丙烯醚6%,分散剂苯乙烯马来酸酐共聚物8%,增稠剂硅酸镁铝0.3%,分散介质水补足至100%。
制备方法为:将活性成分A和B用溶剂充分溶解后,加入油性囊皮,充分搅拌形成油相;将其倒入混有乳化剂和分散剂的水相中,进行高速剪切,然后加入水性囊皮,搅拌均匀,随后升温至70℃保温固化2小时,制成微胶囊,最后加入增稠剂,搅拌均匀即得微囊悬浮剂。
实施例10:50%悬乳剂
配方组成为:活性成分A为45%,活性成分B为5%,溶剂二甲苯10%,乳化剂三苯乙烯基酚聚氧乙烯醚6%,润湿剂十八烷基磺基琥珀酸钠4%,分散剂EO-PO嵌段聚醚3%,防冻剂乙二醇5%,增稠剂硅酸镁铝0.3%,水补足至100%。
制备方法为:将活性成分A、润湿剂、分散剂、防冻剂和水投入搅拌釜中,充分搅拌后,将物料抽入砂磨机中进行充分研磨,制成悬浮剂;将活性成分B用溶剂充分溶解后与乳化剂混合均匀,然后将其在高速剪切条件下加入到已制成的悬浮剂中,加入增稠剂,进行高速剪切,剪切完成后即制得悬乳剂。
应用效果实例:
1、试验方法
(1)对葡萄灰霉病菌、小麦赤霉病菌、油菜菌核病菌、梨黑星病菌、马铃薯晚疫病菌、桃褐腐病菌、西瓜蔓枯病菌、苹果斑点落叶病菌和水稻稻瘟病菌的生物活性
参照《NYT 1156.2-2006农药室内生物测定试验准则杀菌剂第2部分:抑制病原真菌菌丝生长试验平皿法》进行。
以葡萄灰霉病菌(Botrytis cinerea)、小麦赤霉病菌(Fusarium graminearum)、油菜菌核病菌(Sclerotinia sclerotiorum)、梨黑星病菌(Venturia nashicola)、马铃薯晚疫病菌(Phytophthora infestans)、桃褐腐病菌(Monilinia fructicola)、西瓜蔓枯病菌(Mycosphaerella melonis)、苹果斑点落叶病菌(Alternaria mali)或水稻稻瘟病菌(Magnaporthe grisea)为供试病原菌。
从田间采集发病组织,实验室分离纯化,接种在培养基上培养,培养至菌落直径达5cm~6cm左右备用。葡萄灰霉病菌、小麦赤霉病菌、桃褐腐病菌、西瓜蔓枯病菌和苹果斑点落叶病菌用PDA培养基培养,油菜菌核病菌和水稻稻瘟病菌用AEA培养基培养,梨黑星病菌用大麦芽汁PDA培养基培养,马铃薯晚疫病菌用燕麦培养基培养。
AEA培养基配方:酵母粉5g,甘油20mL,MgSO4 0.25g,NaNO3 6g,KCl 0.5g,KH2PO41.5g,琼脂粉20g,用去离子水定容至1000mL。
大麦芽汁PDA培养基配方:即在常规PDA培养基中加入1%的大麦芽汁。
燕麦培养基配方:燕麦50g,琼脂粉18g,去离子水1000mL。
PDA培养基为实验室常规培养基,此处略去其配方。
培养基、去离子水、划线三角瓶、培养皿、枪头、打孔器、接种器等灭菌后备用。
在无菌操作条件下,将预先融化冷却至约50℃的灭菌培养基定量加入灭菌划线三角瓶中,使培养基与划线处(60mL)平齐,然后从低浓度到高浓度依次吸取600μL药液,分别加入上述三角瓶中,充分摇匀,后等量倒入4个培养皿(Φ9cm)中,制成5个浓度梯度带药平板。并设不含药剂的处理作空白对照。将在培养基上培养好的病原菌,在无菌条件下用灭菌打孔器(Φ5mm)自菌落边缘同一圆周上切取菌饼,用接种器将菌饼接种于含药平板中央,菌丝面朝下,盖上皿盖,于培养箱中黑暗培养(马铃薯晚疫病菌和梨黑星病菌于20℃培养,其余病菌于25℃培养)。根据空白对照皿中菌丝生长情况,用卡尺测量菌落直径。每个菌落采用十字交叉法垂直测量,取其平均值,计算对菌丝生长的抑制率。
按公式(1)、(2)计算各处理浓度对菌丝生长的抑制率,单位为百分率(%),计算结果保留小数点后两位。
D=D1-D2…………………………………………(1)
式中:
D—菌落增长直径,单位为毫米(mm);
D1—菌落直径,单位为毫米(mm);
D2—菌饼直径,单位为毫米(mm)。
式中:
I—菌丝生长抑制率,单位为百分数(%);
D0—空白对照菌落增长直径,单位为毫米(mm);
Dt—药剂处理菌落增长直径,单位为毫米(mm)。
(2)对黄瓜白粉病菌的生物活性
参照《NYT 1156.11-2008农药室内生物测定试验准则杀菌剂第11部分:防治瓜类白粉病试验盆裁法》进行。
以黄瓜白粉病菌(Sphaerotheca fuliginea)为供试病菌,从田间黄瓜病叶上采集,室内接种在新鲜黄瓜幼苗上扩繁备用。
以黄瓜感病品种“新泰密刺”为供试作物,实验室盆栽,幼苗长至2片~4片真叶期备用。
将配制好的药液均匀喷施于“新泰密刺”叶面至全部润湿。施药24h后接种病原菌。选取扩繁用发病叶片,用加有少量0.1%吐温-80的纯净水,从病叶上洗脱新鲜孢子,洗脱液用双层纱布过滤,制成浓度为1×105个孢子/mL的孢子悬浮液,将其喷雾接种于已施药的黄瓜叶片上。接种后移至保湿箱中(相对湿度70%~80%)黑暗培养24h。然后在20℃、12h光暗交替条件下培养。每处理设置4次重复,每重复5盆,每盆2株,并设不含药剂的处理作空白对照。待空白对照病叶率达到80%以上时,分级调查各处理发病情况。计算各处理的病情指数和防治效果。
病情指数按式(3)计算,防治效果按式(4)计算,计算结果保留小数点后两位。
式中:
X—病情指数;
Ni—各级病叶数;
i—相对级数值;
N—调查总叶数;
11—最高级数值。
式中:
P—防治效果,单位为百分数(%);
CK—空白对照病情指数;
PT—药剂处理病情指数。
(3)对番茄根结线虫的生物活性
参照《NY/T 1833.1-2009农药室内生物测定试验准则杀线虫剂第1部分:抑制植物病原线虫试验浸虫法》进行。
以番茄根结线虫(Meloidogyne incognita)为供试对象,从田间收集,移入番茄根部培养,待产卵后备用。
从病根上挑取根结线虫的卵块用水清洗,置于培养皿的湿滤纸上,20~25℃下孵化,获得龄期一致的二龄幼虫。1000r/min下离心2min,弃上清液,加水,再离心,最后用水将线虫重悬浮至每毫升≥100头线虫,备用。
用移液器从低浓度到高浓度,依次吸取已配制好的药液3mL加入试管中,然后吸取制备好的等量线虫悬浮液3mL加入试管内,使药液与线虫悬浮液等量混合均匀。用移液器移取一定体积的上述混合液于多孔生化测试板的小孔内,加盖,于25℃恒温培养24h。每处理4次重复,每重复浸虫不少于100头,并设不含药剂的处理作为空白对照。
从各处理中取1mL混合液在解剖镜下观察线虫死亡情况,每重复观察线虫数应不少于100头,记录调查总线虫数和死亡线虫数。判断线虫死亡标准为线虫僵直,用发丝针或竹丝针触碰仍不能弯曲运动。
根据调查数据,计算各处理的死亡率,死亡率按式(5)计算,单位为百分率(%),计算结果保留小数点后两位。
式中:
P1—死亡率,单位为百分数(%);
K—表示死亡线虫数,单位为头;
N—表示处理总线虫数,单位为头。
(4)对黄瓜霜霉病菌的生物活性
参照《NYT 1156.7-2006农药室内生物测定试验准则杀菌剂第7部分:防治黄瓜霜霉病试验盆裁法》进行。
以黄瓜霜霉病菌(Pseudoperonospora cubensis)为供试病菌,实验室接种在黄瓜幼苗上扩繁备用。
以黄瓜感病品种“长春密刺”为供试作物,实验室盆栽,幼苗长至4片~6片真叶期备用。
将配制好的药液均匀喷施于“长春密刺”叶面至全部润湿。施药24h后接种病原菌。选取扩繁用发病叶片,用4℃蒸馏水洗下叶片背面霜霉病菌孢子囊,洗脱液用双层纱布过滤,制成浓度为1×105个孢子囊/mL的孢子囊悬浮液,将其喷雾接种于已施药的黄瓜苗叶片背面(霜霉病菌易侵染叶片背面),接种后移至保湿箱中(相对湿度90%~100%)黑暗培养24h。然后在17~22℃、12h光暗交替条件下,相对湿度为90%以上的条件下培养。每处理设置4次重复,每重复5盆,每盆2株,并设不含药剂的处理作空白对照。当空白对照发病率达到80%以上时,分级调查处理发病情况。计算各处理的病情指数和防治效果。
病情指数按式(6)计算,防治效果按式(4)计算,计算结果保留小数点后两位。
式中:
X—病情指数;
Ni—各级病叶数;
i—相对级数值;
N—调查总叶数;
9—最高级数值。
(5)对葡萄霜霉病菌的生物活性
参考文献报道,以叶盘法进行生物活性测定。具体方法如下:
以葡萄霜霉病菌(Plasmopara viticola)为供试病菌,实验室接种在新鲜葡萄叶片上扩繁备用。
以葡萄感病品种“红地球”葡萄为供试作物,采集葡萄新梢先端第3节或第4节上叶龄、大小基本一致的健康叶片,用打孔器将葡萄叶片打成直径为1.5cm的叶盘备用。
将叶盘背面朝上置于定量喷雾塔的转台上(每重复15个叶盘为1组),采用定压1.0kg/cm2,药液10mL,定时1min,使雾滴均匀沉积在叶盘背面。待药液自然风干后,将叶盘背面朝上放在铺有吸水纸的培养皿中保湿备用。24h后接种病菌。选取扩繁用发病叶片,用4℃蒸馏水从叶片背面洗脱葡萄霜霉病菌孢子囊,用双层纱布过滤,制成浓度为1×105个孢子囊/mL的孢子囊悬浮液,用移液器接种于药剂处理后的叶盘背面(霜霉病菌易侵染叶片背面),每个叶盘接种10μL孢子囊悬浮液。然后在17~22℃、12h光暗交替条件下,相对湿度为90%以上的条件下培养。每处理设置4次重复,每次重复15个叶盘,并设不含药剂的处理作空白对照。当空白对照发病率达到80%以上时,分级调查处理发病情况。分级方法参照《GB/T 17980.122-2004杀菌剂防治葡萄霜霉病的田间药效试验准则》进行。计算各处理的病情指数和防治效果。
病情指数按式(6)计算,防治效果按式(4)计算,计算结果保留小数点后两位。
(6)对柑橘溃疡病菌的生物活性
参照《NY/T 1156.16-2008农药室内生物测定试验准则杀菌剂第16部分:抑制细菌生长量试验浑浊度法》进行。
以柑橘溃疡病菌(Xanthomonas campestris)为供试病菌,从田间发病组织中分离、纯化备用。
NA培养基配方:聚蛋白胨5g,酵母粉1g,牛肉浸膏3g,蔗糖15g,琼脂17g,去离子水1000mL,用10mol/L的NaOH调至pH7.0。
NB液体培养基配方:含聚蛋白胨5g,酵母粉1g,牛肉浸膏3g,蔗糖15g,去离子水1000mL,用10mol/L的NaOH调至pH7.0。
将配制好的药液定量加入到灭菌冷却后的NB培养基中,然后将生产在NA培养基平板上的菌种用灭菌水稀释为1×107个孢子/mL浓度的菌悬液,向各处理NB培养基中分别接种100uL菌液,置于28~30℃条件下振荡培养,转速为120r/min。每处理4次重复,并设不含药剂的处理作空白对照。开始培养前分别测定各处理的浑浊度,待对照处理达到对数生长期时,测定并记载各处理的浑浊度。
根据调查结果,按公式(7)计算细菌的生长抑制率,单位为百分率(%),计算结果保留小数点后两位。
式中:
P—生长抑制率;
A0—空白对照浑浊度增加值;
A1—药剂处理浑浊度增加值。
(7)组合物预期活性判定
组合物预期活性借鉴拜耳、先正达、陶氏等跨国农药企业制剂专利中判定组合物预期活性的方法(COLBY法):COLBY,S.R.:“Calculating Synergistic and AntagonisticResponses of Herbicide Combinations”,Weeds 15,p.20~22,1967进行。
两元组合物预期活性按(8)式计算:
式中:
X—药剂1用量为P时的抑制率、防效或死亡率;
Y—药剂2用量为Q时的抑制率、防效或死亡率;
E—药剂1与药剂2按上述比例混用后的实际抑制率、防效或死亡率,即混配组合物的实际活性;
E0—药剂1用量为P+药剂2用量为Q时的理论抑制率、防效或死亡率,即混配组合物的预期活性。
当E>E0时,即如果混配药剂的实际活性超过所计算的预期活性,则该组合物就具有超叠加作用,即协同作用。
三元组合物预期活性按(9)式计算:
式中:
X—药剂1用量为P时的抑制率、防效或死亡率;
Y—药剂2用量为Q时的抑制率、防效或死亡率;
Z—药剂3用量为R时的抑制率、防效或死亡率;
E0—药剂1用量为P+药剂2用量为Q+药剂3用量为R时的理论抑制率、防效或死亡率,即组合物的预期活性;
E—药剂1、2和3按不同配比混配时的实际抑制率、防效或死亡率,即组合物的实际活性;当E>E0时,即如果混配药剂的实际活性超过所计算的预期活性,则该组合物就具有超叠加作用,即协同作用。
2、试验结果
试验结果详见表1~14,可见,活性成分A(异丙噻菌胺)与选自活性成分B(精呋霜灵、唑嘧菌胺、氟噻虫砜、氰烯菌酯、胺苯吡菌酮、flutianil、氟吡菌胺、氟噻唑吡乙酮、aminopyrifen、氟嘧菌胺、tebufloquin、mandestrobin、噻唑锌、dipymetitrone、二氰蒽醌、dichlobentiazox、辛酸铜盐、氟茚唑菌胺、乙嘧酚等)的药剂混配后,实际活性均大于预期活性,说明异丙噻菌胺与活性成分B中的药剂混配具有协同作用。
表1异丙噻菌胺与精呋霜灵混配对葡萄灰霉病菌的联合作用效应
表2异丙噻菌胺与唑嘧菌胺混配对黄瓜白粉病菌的联合作用效应
表3异丙噻菌胺与氟噻虫砜混配对番茄根结线虫的联合作用效应
表4异丙噻菌胺与氰烯菌酯混配对小麦赤霉病菌的联合作用效应
表5异丙噻菌胺与胺苯吡菌酮混配对油菜菌核病菌的联合作用效应
表6异丙噻菌胺与flutianil混配对梨黑星病菌的联合作用效应
表7异丙噻菌胺与氟吡菌胺混配对马铃薯晚疫病菌的联合作用效应
表8异丙噻菌胺与氟噻唑吡乙酮混配对桃褐腐病菌的联合作用效应
表9异丙噻菌胺、aminopyrifen与氟嘧菌胺混配对西瓜蔓枯病菌的联合作用效应
表10异丙噻菌胺、tebufloquin与mandestrobin混配对黄瓜霜霉病菌的联合作用效应
表11异丙噻菌胺、噻唑锌与dipymetitrone混配对苹果斑点落叶病菌的联合作用效应
表12异丙噻菌胺、二氰蒽醌与dichlobentiazox混配对水稻稻瘟病菌的联合作用效应
表13异丙噻菌胺、辛酸铜盐与氟茚唑菌胺混配对葡萄霜霉病菌的联合作用效应
表14异丙噻菌胺、乙嘧酚与异噻菌酮混配对柑橘溃疡病菌的联合作用效应
Claims (5)
1.杀菌组合物,其特征在于,包括活性成分A和B。
2.如权利要求1所述的杀菌组合物,其特征在于,所述的活性成分A为异丙噻菌胺。
3.如权利要求1所述的杀菌组合物,其特征在于,所述的活性成分B为唑嘧菌胺、胺苯吡菌酮、氟噻唑吡乙酮、氟吡菌胺、氟茚唑菌胺、氟噻虫砜、高效烯唑醇、灭菌唑、精呋霜灵、mandestrobin、dipymetitrone、tebufloquin、pyriofenone、flutianil、dichlobentiazox、aminopyrifen、二甲嘧酚、乙嘧酚、异噻菌酮、氰烯菌酯、氟嘧菌胺、菌核净、氟苯嘧啶醇、活化酯、噻唑锌、代森锰铜、辛酸铜盐、二氰蒽醌中的一种或一种以上组合。
4.如权利要求1、2或3所述的杀菌组合物,其特征在于,除了活性成分A和B外,还包括农药制剂加工中可以使用的助剂。
5.如权利要求1、2、3或4所述的杀菌组合物,其特征在于,将其应用于防治植物病害。
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