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CN108396260A - 一种高强高扩孔性能镀锌钢板及其制造方法 - Google Patents

一种高强高扩孔性能镀锌钢板及其制造方法 Download PDF

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CN108396260A
CN108396260A CN201710064850.1A CN201710064850A CN108396260A CN 108396260 A CN108396260 A CN 108396260A CN 201710064850 A CN201710064850 A CN 201710064850A CN 108396260 A CN108396260 A CN 108396260A
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bainite
steel sheet
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CN108396260B (zh
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吕家舜
李峰
杨洪刚
周芳
刘仁东
王铁军
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Angang Steel Co Ltd
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Abstract

一种高强高扩孔性能镀锌钢板及其制造方法，钢板成分：C 0.16～0.60％，Si 0.50～2.5％，Mn 1.10～4.00％，P≤0.020％，S≤0.010％，Al 0.02～3.00％，还含有Cr 0.30～1.50％、Mo 0.25～0.60％、Ni 0.50～2.50％、Cu 0.20～0.50％、V 0.05～0.50％，Ti 0.02～0.20％，Nb 0.02～0.20％中的至少一种。在连续热镀锌线进行再结晶退火热镀锌，控制热轧钢板组织为铁素体+下贝氏体，冷轧压缩比30～70％，连续退火以≥20℃/s的速度加热至800～930℃，以≥40℃/s的速度冷却至贝氏体转变温度，转变后调整带钢温度至450～480℃进行热浸镀锌，之后冷却至室温。本发明镀锌钢板具有优良的塑性、焊接性能、成型性能、扩孔性能及延伸凸缘性能，生产方法具有极好的经济性和高效性。

Description

一种高强高扩孔性能镀锌钢板及其制造方法
技术领域
本发明属于冷轧镀锌钢板制造技术领域，特别涉及一种高强度高塑性冷轧镀锌钢板及其制造方法。
背景技术
随着节能环保法律法规要求的不断提高，钢铁工业必须不断提升产品的性能以满足该类要求。提高钢铁产品的强度以节约钢材的总体使用量、提高钢材的耐腐蚀性能以提高钢材的使用寿命，高强度镀锌板刚好能够满足这两个方面的需求，因此近些年来获得了很大的发展，先后有双相钢、TRIP钢等钢种的镀锌板被开发出来并获得了很大的商业上的成功。
但是，这些钢中均存在软相铁素体和硬相马氏体/贝氏体，在冲压变形、扩孔的过程中会发生软相和硬相之间无法匹配，产生裂纹，造成钢板的扩孔性能较差。贝氏体钢板具有较为优良的扩孔性能，但是其塑性不好影响了综合机械性能。
专利申请号201010283882.9、201110383478.3、201210195411.1、201210268312.1均是主要针对热轧钢板的生产。201010283882.9公开了一种高延伸率高强度低碳贝氏体钢板及其生产方法，其化学成分为C0.06-0.18％、Si0.55％-1.70％、Mn1.1-1.7，还含有一些Nb、V、Ti、Cr、Ni、Mo、Cu等合金元素，工艺为热轧的控制轧制及控制冷却，后续进行一些热处理；组织为贝氏体、马氏体和残余奥氏体。201110383478.3提供了一种超低碳贝氏体钢板及其制造方法，其化学成分为C≤0.03％、Si≤0.15％％、Mn1.2-1.6％，还含有一些Nb、V、Ti、Cu、Ni、B等合金元素，采用控轧控冷的方法获得超低碳贝氏体钢板，并进行500-600℃的回火处理，最终组织为回火超低碳贝氏体+弥散析出物。201210195411.1则公开了一种超低碳贝氏体钢板及其制造方法，与201110383478.3类似，只是C含量稍高，Mn含量3.0-4.5％很高，不含有Cu、Ni等贵重元素。201210268312.1公开的一种含硼贝氏体钢板及其制造方法，其化学成分为C0.20-0.35％、Si0.6-1.6％％、Mn1.5-2.0％、此外还含有Ti、B、Al及杂质元素，组织为贝氏体，成品为热轧板。
现有的公开资料也大多是针对热轧钢板的研究成果，较少有冷轧高强度镀锌贝氏体钢板的报道。
发明内容
本发明提供一种高强高扩孔性能镀锌钢板及其制造方法，其目的在于使钢板具有高强度、高扩孔性能，同时具有高耐蚀性能，能够降低能源资源的消耗，推进可持续发展。
为达此目的，本发明采取了如下技术解决方案：
一种高强高扩孔性能镀锌钢板，钢板的化学成分质量百分比为：C 0.16％～0.60％，Si0.50％～2.5％，Mn1.10％～4.00％，P≤0.020％，S≤0.010％，Al0.02％～3.00％，化学成分还含有Cr0.30％～1.50％、Mo0.25％～0.60％、Ni0.50％～2.50％、Cu0.20％～0.50％、V0.05％～0.50％，Ti0.02％～0.20％，Nb0.02％～0.20％中的至少一种；其余为Fe和一些不可避免的杂质元素；钢板组织为贝氏体+残余奥氏体即B+A，其中贝氏体体积分数为55％～85％，残余奥氏体体积分数为15％～45％，贝氏体的形态为板条状和粒状，残余奥氏体分布于贝氏体之间和贝氏体内部。
钢板化学成分中还含有Ca0.0005％～0.005％，Mg0.0005％～0.005％中的一种或两种。
一种高强高扩孔性能镀锌钢板的制造方法，钢板经过冶炼—连铸—热轧—酸洗—冷轧后，在连续热镀锌生产线上进行再结晶退火热镀锌，其中热轧终轧温度不小于800℃，卷取温度400℃～600℃，控制热轧钢板的组织结构为铁素体+下贝氏体，贝氏体组织中分布有细小弥散的碳化物，冷轧的压缩比为30％～70％，连续热镀锌生产线不设置保温段，加热段选择快速的感应加热；连续退火过程控制如下：以不小于20℃/s的速度快速加热至800～930℃以后，立即以不小于40℃/s的速度冷却至贝氏体转变温度，完成贝氏体等温转变后调整带钢温度至450～480℃范围内进行热浸镀锌，贝氏体等温转变时间控制在15～150s，锌液成分为含0.18％～0.50％Al，其余为Zn及不可避免杂质的锌液，之后冷却至室温。
C 0.16％～0.60％，碳在本发明的钢中通过固溶强化来决定贝氏体的强度，同时影响后期残余奥氏体的稳定性。为保证过冷奥氏体的稳定性，需要其有较高的碳含量；为保证焊接性能，要求限制碳含量。
Si 0.50％～2.50％，是非碳化物形成元素，具有较高的固溶强化效果，可促进C向奥氏体富集，对铁素体中固溶的C有“清除”和“净化”作用，Si不溶于渗碳体，因此能够阻碍通过碳扩散反应的奥氏体-渗碳体转变，稳定奥氏体，使得残余奥氏体在室温下得以稳定存在。Si含量过高，将会恶化钢板的热浸镀性能。
Mn 1.10～4.00％，锰是典型的奥氏体稳定化元素，可提高钢的淬透性，并起到一定的固溶强化作用，Mn作为扩大γ相区的元素，会降低A3、A1临界点，可推迟珠光体转变并降低贝氏体转变温度，但同时也推迟并延长铁素体转变，使贝氏体区右移，从而使钢种对控冷工艺条件的敏感性略为减小。高的Mn含量易在双相组织中引起强化相带状分布，从而造成性能的不均匀。
P≤0.020％，固溶强化元素，抑制渗碳体的析出。
S≤0.010％，钢中的杂质元素，越少越好。Al 0.02％～3.00％，对奥氏体形态的影响与Si相似，也是作为非碳化物形成元素，促进C向奥氏体富集并抑制渗碳体的析出。
Al还可形成AlN析出，起到一定的细化晶粒作用。
Cr0.3～1.5％，能够有效提高钢的淬透性和防止高温表面氧化，同时能够提高耐腐蚀性能和提高强度。
Mo0.25～0.60％有效地提高钢的淬透性，并能强化晶界。含量小于0.25％难以起到上述作用，但含量超过0.60％则上述作用效果饱和，且成本较高，应控制在0.2-0.6wt％范围内。
Ni0.5～2.5％：Ni是奥氏体化稳定元素，可以有效降低Ms点，同时可以提高材料塑性和低温韧性，但Ni价格高，其含量应控制在2.5％以下。
Cu0.2～0.50％，通过析出ε-Cu实现析出强化，提高钢的强度。
V0.05～0.50％，Ti0.02～0.20％，Nb0.02～0.20％，对晶粒细化、相变行为、奥氏体中C富集发挥显著作用。固溶状态的Nb延迟热变形过程中静态和动态再结晶和奥氏体向铁素体的相变，从而扩大动态再结晶终止温度和Ac3之间的温度范围，为在未再结晶区轧制提供了便利。Nb与C和N结合形成细小的碳氮化物也可延迟再结晶，阻止铁素体晶粒长大，从而具有强的细晶强化效果和较强的析出强化效果。
Ti、V具有析出强化的作用。
Ca0.0005～0.005％，Mg0.0005～0.005％，Ca、Mg可以净化钢质，改性夹杂物，提高钢的综合性能。
控制热轧卷取温度，使得热轧钢板的组织结构为铁素体+贝氏体的组织，贝氏体组织中分布有细小弥散的碳化物，经冷轧(压下率在30％～70％)后，进行连续退火，连续退火过程控制如下，以不小于20℃/s的速度快速加热，至800～930℃以后立即以不小于40℃/s的速度冷却至贝氏体转变温度，进行贝氏体等温转变，尔后调整温度完成热浸镀锌，冷却至室温。考虑到冷轧轧制能力，选择30％-70％的压下率，快速加热、快速冷却保证钢在奥氏体化的过程中晶粒细小，且奥氏体没有实现完全的均一化，能够保证在随后的贝氏体相变的过程中贝氏体组织的均匀细小。较高的冷却速度，可以确保生成板条贝氏体和粒状贝氏体以及残余奥氏体。贝氏体区等温同时可以使C原子向残余奥氏体中扩散，稳定残余奥氏体，使得钢板具有更好的韧性。
本发明的有益效果为：
本发明提供了一种高强度高扩孔性能的冷轧镀锌钢板及其生产方法，该钢具有优良的塑性、焊接性能、成型性能、扩孔性能、延伸凸缘性能。该生产方法具有极好的经济性、高效性。其抗拉强度≥800MPa，断后伸长率(A50)≥28％，λ≥40，具有良好的韧性。
具体实施方式
具体实施例钢的化学成分见表1，过程处理参数及性能见表2。
表1钢板的化学成分wt％
表2钢板的过程处理参数及性能

Claims (3)

1.一种高强高扩孔性能镀锌钢板，其特征在于，钢板的化学成分质量百分比为：C0.16％～0.60％，Si0.50％～2.5％，Mn1.10％～4.00％，P≤0.020％，S≤0.010％，Al0.02％～3.00％，化学成分还含有Cr0.30％～1.50％、Mo0.25％～0.60％、Ni0.50％～2.50％、Cu0.20％～0.50％、V0.05％～0.50％，Ti0.02％～0.20％，Nb0.02％～0.20％中的至少一种；其余为Fe和一些不可避免的杂质元素；钢板组织为贝氏体+残余奥氏体即B+A，其中贝氏体体积分数为55％～85％，残余奥氏体体积分数为15％～45％，贝氏体的形态为板条状和粒状，残余奥氏体分布于贝氏体之间和贝氏体内部。
2.根据权利要求1所述高强高扩孔性能镀锌钢板，其特征在于，钢板化学成分中还含有Ca0.0005％～0.005％，Mg0.0005％～0.005％中的一种或两种。
3.一种如权利要求1所述高强高扩孔性能镀锌钢板的制造方法，其特征在于，钢板经过冶炼—连铸—热轧—酸洗—冷轧后，在连续热镀锌生产线上进行再结晶退火热镀锌，其中热轧终轧温度不小于800℃，卷取温度400℃～600℃，控制热轧钢板的组织结构为铁素体+下贝氏体，贝氏体组织中分布有细小弥散的碳化物，冷轧的压缩比为30％～70％，连续热镀锌生产线不设置保温段，加热段选择快速的感应加热；连续退火过程控制如下：以不小于20℃/s的速度快速加热至800～930℃以后，立即以不小于40℃/s的速度冷却至贝氏体转变温度，完成贝氏体等温转变后调整带钢温度至450～480℃范围内进行热浸镀锌，贝氏体等温转变时间控制在15～150s，锌液成分为含0.18％～0.50％Al，其余为Zn及不可避免杂质的锌液，之后冷却至室温。
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