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CN108395239A - 一种制备高闭气孔率镁橄榄石-磷酸铝陶瓷的方法 - Google Patents

一种制备高闭气孔率镁橄榄石-磷酸铝陶瓷的方法 Download PDF

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CN108395239A
CN108395239A CN201810343427.XA CN201810343427A CN108395239A CN 108395239 A CN108395239 A CN 108395239A CN 201810343427 A CN201810343427 A CN 201810343427A CN 108395239 A CN108395239 A CN 108395239A
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白佳海
高杰
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Abstract

一种制备高闭气孔率镁橄榄石‑磷酸铝陶瓷的方法,其特征在于采用以下步骤:(1)把磷酸二氢铝、硝酸铝溶解到水中,配制成溶液;(2)在室温下把制备好的溶液滴到多孔镁橄榄石陶瓷的表面,直到多孔镁橄榄石陶瓷达到吸附饱和为止;(3)在50℃下干燥吸附了混合溶液的多孔镁橄榄石陶瓷;(4)把干燥产物在大气气氛下加热升温到1150℃并保温2个小时,随后以5℃/min的速度降温冷却到800℃并保温2小时,最后随炉自然冷却到室温,即制得高闭气孔率的镁橄榄石‑磷酸铝陶瓷,其开气孔率不高于10%,闭气孔率最高达39%。

Description

一种制备高闭气孔率镁橄榄石-磷酸铝陶瓷的方法
技术领域
本发明提供的是一种制备高闭气孔率镁橄榄石-磷酸铝陶瓷的方法,属于特种陶瓷材料制备技术领域。
背景技术
镁橄榄石和磷酸铝都属于耐高温材料, 其中多孔镁橄榄石陶瓷可以作为高温保温材料。但是,如果多孔镁橄榄石陶瓷内存在较多的开气孔,则会严重影响其保温性能。因此,目前常用的方法是在镁橄榄石陶瓷内添加一些能产生闭气孔的助剂,如SiC等。磷酸铝也是一种高熔点的材料,使用温度可接近1400 ℃,也具有耐高温的性能。因此,可以在多孔镁橄榄石陶瓷中引入磷酸铝,并用适当的技术把开气孔堵起来,从而增加闭气孔率,且不影响镁橄榄石在1400 ℃以下的高温环境下使用。虽然用外加助剂的方法能产生部分闭气孔,但闭气孔铝的增加量毕竟有限,且不能有效的减少开气孔率。为了克服上述难题,本发明了提供了一种高效、安全、可靠、易于操作、成本低廉的制备高闭气孔率镁橄榄石-磷酸铝陶瓷的方法。
发明内容
本发明技术提供一种高效、安全、可靠、易于操作、成本低廉的制备高闭气孔率镁橄榄石-磷酸铝陶瓷的方法,其技术方案为:
一种制备高闭气孔率镁橄榄石-磷酸铝陶瓷的方法,其特征在于采用以下步骤:(1)把磷酸二氢铝、硝酸铝按照摩尔比1:2的比例溶解到水中,配制成磷酸二氢铝的溶度为0.05M、硝酸铝溶度为0.1 M的混合溶液;(2)在室温下把制备好的溶液滴到多孔镁橄榄石陶瓷的表面,直到多孔镁橄榄石陶瓷达到吸附饱和为止,其中多孔镁橄榄石陶瓷的开气孔率40-60%、闭气孔率在5-8%的范围内;(3)在50℃下干燥吸附了混合溶液的多孔镁橄榄石陶瓷,干燥时间为48小时;干燥后的多孔镁橄榄石陶瓷表面形成一层含有磷酸二氢铝和硝酸铝的薄层;(4)把干燥产物在大气气氛下以20 ℃/min的速度加热升温到300 ℃,再以5 ℃/min的速度加热升温到700℃并保温2小时,然后以5 ℃/min的速度加热升温到1150 ℃并保温2个小时,随后以5 ℃/min的速度降温冷却到800 ℃并保温2小时,最后随炉自然冷却到室温,即制得高闭气孔率的镁橄榄石-磷酸铝陶瓷,其开气孔率不高于10 %,闭气孔率最高到达39%。
本技术发明的工作原理:
把磷酸二氢铝的溶度为0.05 M、硝酸铝溶度为0.1 M的混合溶液低到多孔镁橄榄石表面并会被吸入到多孔镁橄榄石内。在50℃干燥过程中,随着水分从多孔镁橄榄石陶瓷内部的孔隙扩散到多孔陶瓷的表面,磷酸二氢铝和硝酸铝也会扩散到多孔陶瓷的表面,形成一层含有磷酸二氢铝和硝酸铝的薄层;在烧结过程中,在700℃保温的目的是形成偏磷酸铝,偏磷酸铝的熔点低,在较低温下就会形成液相,液相具有较高的表面张力,能在多孔陶瓷表面的外面形成一层连续完整的液膜,并把开气孔封闭起来;然后随着温度的快速降低,就会形成致密的玻璃相;在800℃下保温两小时过程中,玻璃相和包裹在里面的部分未反应的氧化铝继续反应,生成磷酸铝,且不会形成较多的开气孔。
本技术发明的优点:
1.本发明制备镁橄榄石-磷酸铝的开气孔率在10%左右,最低可达到5.0%;
2. 本技术制备的可以显著提高多孔陶瓷的闭气孔率,如利用开气孔率为60%的多孔镁橄榄石陶瓷制备的镁橄榄石-磷酸铝陶瓷,其闭气孔率会从原来的5%左右提高到35%以上,开气孔率则降低到10%左右;
3. 本技术发明可显著的提高多孔陶瓷的保温性能,比如利用开气孔率为60%、闭气孔率为5%左右的多孔镁橄榄石陶瓷制备的镁橄榄石-磷酸铝陶瓷,其室温导热系数从1.7W/(m.K) 左右降低到0.5 W/(m.K)左右。
具体实施方式
实施例1
把磷酸二氢铝、硝酸铝按照摩尔比1:2的比例溶解到水中,配制成磷酸二氢铝的溶度为0.05 M、硝酸铝溶度为0.1 M的混合溶液;在室温下把制备好的溶液滴到多孔镁橄榄石陶瓷的表面,直到多孔镁橄榄石陶瓷达到吸附饱和为止,其中多孔镁橄榄石陶瓷的开气孔率60%左右,闭气孔率为5%左右;在50℃下干燥吸附了混合溶液的多孔镁橄榄石陶瓷,干燥时间为48小时;干燥后的多孔镁橄榄石陶瓷表面形成一层含有磷酸二氢铝和硝酸铝的薄层;把干燥产物在大气气氛下以20 ℃/min的速度加热升温到300 ℃,再以5 ℃/min的速度加热升温到700℃并保温2小时,然后以5 ℃/min的速度加热升温到1150 ℃并保温2个小时,随后以5 ℃/min的速度降温冷却到800 ℃并保温2小时,最后随炉自然冷却到室温。本技术发明制备的镁橄榄石-磷酸铝陶瓷的开气孔率不高于10.0%,闭气孔率高达39 %以上,其室温导热系数从1.7 W/(m.K) 降低到约0.5 W/(m.K)。用XRD分析测得该陶瓷的主晶相为镁橄榄石和磷酸铝。
实施例2
把磷酸二氢铝、硝酸铝按照摩尔比1:2的比例溶解到水中,配制成磷酸二氢铝的溶度为0.05 M、硝酸铝溶度为0.1 M的混合溶液;在室温下把制备好的溶液滴到多孔镁橄榄石陶瓷的表面,直到多孔镁橄榄石陶瓷达到吸附饱和为止,其中多孔镁橄榄石陶瓷的开气孔率约50%,闭气孔率约7%;在50℃下干燥吸附了混合溶液的多孔镁橄榄石陶瓷,干燥时间为48小时;干燥后的多孔镁橄榄石陶瓷表面形成一层含有磷酸二氢铝和硝酸铝的薄层;把干燥产物在大气气氛下以20 ℃/min的速度加热升温到300 ℃,再以5 ℃/min的速度加热升温到700℃并保温2小时,然后以5 ℃/min的速度加热升温到1150 ℃并保温2个小时,随后以5℃/min的速度降温冷却到800 ℃并保温2小时,最后随炉自然冷却到室温。本技术发明制备的镁橄榄石-磷酸铝陶瓷的开气孔率不高于8.0%,闭气孔率高达33%以上,其室温导热系数从1.9 W/(m.K) 左右降低到0.8 W/(m.K)左右。用XRD分析测得该陶瓷的主晶相为镁橄榄石和磷酸铝。
实施例3
把磷酸二氢铝、硝酸铝按照摩尔比1:2的比例溶解到水中,配制成磷酸二氢铝溶度为0.05 M、硝酸铝溶度为0.1 M的混合溶液;在室温下把制备好的溶液滴到多孔镁橄榄石陶瓷的表面,直到多孔镁橄榄石陶瓷达到吸附饱和为止,其中多孔镁橄榄石陶瓷的开气孔率约40% ,闭气孔率约为8%;在50℃下干燥吸附了混合溶液的多孔镁橄榄石陶瓷,干燥时间为48小时;干燥后的多孔镁橄榄石陶瓷表面形成一层含有磷酸二氢铝和硝酸铝的涂层;把干燥产物在大气气氛下以20 ℃/min的速度加热升温到300 ℃,再以5 ℃/min的速度加热升温到700℃并保温2小时,然后以5 ℃/min的速度加热升温到1150 ℃并保温2个小时,随后以5℃/min的速度降温冷却到800 ℃并保温2小时,最后随炉自然冷却到室温,即制得镁橄榄石-磷酸铝陶瓷。本技术发明制备的镁橄榄石-磷酸铝陶瓷的开气孔率不高于5.0%,闭气孔率高达30%以上,其室温导热系数从2.3 W/(m.K) 左右降低到1.0 W/(m.K)左右。用XRD分析测得该陶瓷的主晶相为镁橄榄石和磷酸铝。

Claims (1)

1.一种制备高闭气孔率镁橄榄石-磷酸铝陶瓷的方法,其特征在于采用以下步骤:(1)把磷酸二氢铝、硝酸铝按照摩尔比1:2的比例溶解到水中,配制成磷酸二氢铝的溶度为0.05M、硝酸铝溶度为0.1 M的混合溶液;(2)在室温下把制备好的溶液滴到多孔镁橄榄石陶瓷的表面,直到多孔镁橄榄石陶瓷达到吸附饱和为止,其中多孔镁橄榄石陶瓷的开气孔率40-60%、闭气孔率在5-8%的范围内;(3)在50℃下干燥吸附了混合溶液的多孔镁橄榄石陶瓷,干燥时间为48小时;干燥后的多孔镁橄榄石陶瓷表面形成一层含有磷酸二氢铝和硝酸铝的薄层;(4)把干燥产物在大气气氛下以20 ℃/min的速度加热升温到300 ℃,再以5 ℃/min的速度加热升温到700℃并保温2小时,然后以5 ℃/min的速度加热升温到1150 ℃并保温2个小时,随后以5 ℃/min的速度降温冷却到800 ℃并保温2小时,最后随炉自然冷却到室温,即制得高闭气孔率的镁橄榄石-磷酸铝陶瓷,其开气孔率不高于10 %,闭气孔率最高到达39%。
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