CN108366925A - 抗微生物清洁组合物 - Google Patents
抗微生物清洁组合物 Download PDFInfo
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- CN108366925A CN108366925A CN201680068833.9A CN201680068833A CN108366925A CN 108366925 A CN108366925 A CN 108366925A CN 201680068833 A CN201680068833 A CN 201680068833A CN 108366925 A CN108366925 A CN 108366925A
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- terpineol
- antimicrobial
- pyrithione
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- 229940057950 sodium laureth sulfate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 159000000000 sodium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种抗微生物组合物,其包含1重量%至90重量%的表面活性剂;吡啶硫酮的多价金属盐;0.001至3重量%的百里酚,和0.001至3重量%的萜品醇。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及抗微生物组合物。其特别涉及用于个人清洁的抗微生物组合物。
背景技术
人类健康受到各种微生物如原生动物,细菌,真菌,霉菌和病毒的影响。例如,包括各种病毒和细菌的微生物实体的入侵引起各种各样的疾病和小病。为了减少这种入侵的影响,人们经常用抗微生物皂洗涤他们的皮肤。抗菌皂通常包括皂(其为脂肪酸的钠盐或钾盐)与一种或多种抗微生物剂如三氯生组合。
不溶性颗粒金属吡啶硫酮被承认是抗微生物剂,其通常被掺入到抗微生物组合物中,例如去头屑洗发剂和调理剂。
细菌污染的不断威胁和对健康的相关影响已经使抗微生物溶液成为商业和住宅清洁和消毒过程中无处不在的一部分。常见清洁组合物没有显示在易感环境(例如医院和住宅厨房和浴室区域)中易于细菌生长和增殖的表面上的细菌水平的可检测降低。另一方面,一些清洁组合物产生大量的细菌水平降低,但其通常是短暂的。这通常导致由于再使用这样的表面造成的再污染,需要频繁重新施用消毒剂。此外,必须将相对高浓度的活性剂掺入这样的制剂中以获得广谱消毒。这些高浓度除了在与食物接触时具有潜在危险性之外,还通常具有不期望的副作用,例如皮肤和眼睛刺激。
WO11/151171A1(Unilever)公开了皮肤卫生领域的发明,尤其是手部卫生和/或手用皂组合物。包含较少量精油和聚合物复合物或混合物的组合物提供改善的卫生功效。
WO2004/006876A1(Unilever)公开了罗勒油(tulsi oil)或其组分化合物和合成抗微生物剂能够表现出协同抗微生物活性,因此可用于治疗和/或预防头皮屑的组合物中。公开了包含罗勒油和金属吡啶硫酮的毛发和/或头皮处理组合物,其中罗勒油和金属吡啶硫酮能够表现出协同抗微生物活性。罗勒油包含大量的丁子香酚。
WO04/035723A1(RECKITT BENCKISER)公开了含有非阳离子抗微生物剂的组合物,其在加入水中时雾浊(bloom)。该组合物具有良好的清洁,消毒和雾浊性能。
WO9855099A1(P&G)公开了洗去型抗微生物清洁组合物,其包含0.1至5%的抗微生物活性剂,8至18%的阴离子表面活性剂,2至12%的供质子剂;1至30%的亲脂性皮肤保湿剂,0.1至4%的稳定剂;和35至88.8%的水。至少约67%的阴离子表面活性剂包含A类和C类表面活性剂的混合物。A类表面活性剂与C类表面活性剂的重量比在约5:1至约1:2的范围内。将组合物调节至约3.5至约4.5的pH。
WO11036048A1(Unilever)公开了消毒表面的方法和抗微生物组合物,特别是用于个人清洁,口腔护理或硬表面清洁。它公开了具有快速抗微生物作用的方法。少量丁子香酚与百里酚和萜品醇的组合使得这种快速动力学在比没有丁子香酚时低得多的百里酚和萜品醇的量下成为可能。
WO10046238A1(Unilever)公开了用于清洁或个人护理的抗微生物组合物。包含选择性比例的选定成分即百里酚和萜品醇的组合物提供了快速的抗微生物作用。
存在对更新的消毒组合物的需要,其甚至在与清洁溶液接触并且在表面再使用之后,也可以在表面上提供长时间的持续广谱微生物消毒而不重新施用。此外,期望使用较低水平的通常不对使用者造成毒性相关问题的抗微生物剂实现消毒作用。
尽管在清洁组合物领域有很多发展,但仍存在未满足的对提供延长的抗微生物功效的个人清洁组合物的需要。
还存在对提供有效的抗微生物清洁组合物的需要,其对于用作个人洗涤剂也是温和的。
发明内容
根据本发明的第一方面,提供了权利要求1所述的抗微生物组合物。
根据本发明的另一方面,提供了一种抑制表面上的微生物生长的方法,所述方法包括将本发明第一方面的组合物施用至所述表面和用合适的溶剂清洗所述表面的步骤。
根据又一方面,提供了根据本发明第一方面的组合物用于实现改善的个人卫生的用途。
通过阅读下面的详细描述和所附权利要求,这些和其他方面、特征和优点对于本领域的普通技术人员将变得显而易见。为了避免疑惑,本发明的一个方面的任何特征可以用于本发明的任何其他方面。“包含”一词旨在表示“包括”,但不一定是“由......组成”或“由......构成”。换句话说,列出的步骤或选项不必是穷尽的。应注意,下面的描述中给出的实例旨在阐明本发明,而不是意图将本发明限制于这些实例本身。同样,除非另有说明,所有百分比都是重量/重量百分比。
具体实施方式
除了在操作和比较例中或者另有明确说明的情况之外,本说明书中表示材料量或反应条件,材料物理性质和/或用途的所有数字应被理解为由“约”一词修饰。除非另有规定,否则以“x至y”格式表示的数值范围应理解为包括x和y。当针对特定特征以“x至y”的格式描述多个优选范围时,应理解,也可以设想组合不同端点的所有范围。
本发明提供了一种抗微生物组合物,其包含所述组合物的1重量%至90重量%的表面活性剂;吡啶硫酮的多价金属盐;0.001至3重量%的百里酚,和0.001至3重量%的萜品醇。
本发明的组合物能够提供优选至少至多1小时,更优选至少至多3小时,最优选至少至多5小时的抗微生物效力。这个时间是从组合物施用到无论是活体的还是非活体的有关基材的时间起算。
或者,本发明的组合物能够提供可延长至多12小时,更优选18小时,最优选至多24小时的抗微生物效力。
本发明人惊奇地发现,以选择性比例包含成分即百里酚和萜品醇以及吡啶硫酮的多价金属盐的组合物提供持续的抗微生物作用。
下面描述根据本发明的抗微生物组合物的成分。组合物优选用于非治疗用途,但可以用于治疗目的。根据本发明的组合物可用于清洁活体表面以及非活体表面。它们对于清洁包括皮肤、毛发和口腔的人体更为特别优选。或者,组合物可用于清洁硬表面(非活体的)。
表面活性剂
本发明的组合物包含1重量%至90重量%的表面活性剂。这可以是单一表面活性剂,但通常它是各种类型的表面活性剂聚集成要求保护的百分比的组合。
在用于个人清洁的应用中,优选表面活性剂为非离子表面活性剂,例如C8-C22,优选C8-C16脂肪醇乙氧基化物,其包含1至8个环氧乙烷基团,特别是当产物为液体形式时。
或者,表面活性剂是非皂阴离子表面活性剂。术语非皂表面活性剂在本领域中是公知的并且用于基于它们的来源/组成来区分阴离子表面活性剂。
非皂表面活性剂优选选自伯烷基硫酸盐,仲烷基硫酸盐,烷基苯磺酸盐或乙氧基化烷基硫酸盐。合适的实例包括烷基醚硫酸盐,优选具有1至3个环氧乙烷基团的那些。特别优选月桂基醚硫酸钠。
烷基聚葡糖苷也可存在于组合物中,优选碳链长度在C6和C16之间的那些。
因此,在高度优选的方面,抗微生物组合物包括选自阴离子表面活性剂,烷基硫酸盐,脂肪酸酰胺,直链烷基苯磺酸盐,烷基氧化胺,CAPB,烷基葡糖苷及其组合的表面活性剂。
抗微生物组合物优选包含组合物的10-90重量%的表面活性剂,更优选组合物的15-85重量%。通常,表面活性剂可以选自公知的教科书中描述的表面活性剂,如“SurfaceActive Agents”Vol.1,Schwartz&Perry,Interscience 1949,Vol.2,Schwartz,Perry&Berch,Interscience 1958和/或由Manufacturing Confectioners Company出版的当前版本的“McCutcheon's Emulsifiers and Detergents”或“Tenside Taschenbuch”,H.Stache,2nd Edn,Carl Hauser Verlag,1981。可以使用任何类型的表面活性剂,即阴离子的,阳离子的,非离子的,两性离子的或两性的。
阴离子表面活性剂是特别优选的。进一步优选表面活性剂是皂。皂是适用于个人人类卫生的表面活性剂。当阴离子表面活性剂是皂时,优选皂是C8-C24皂,更优选C10-C20皂,最优选C12-C18皂。皂可以或不可以具有不饱和性。皂分子中的阳离子可以是碱金属,碱土金属或铵离子。优选地,阳离子是钠,钾或铵。更优选地,阳离子是钠或钾。
皂通常通过皂化脂肪和/或脂肪酸获得。通常用于皂制造的脂肪或油可以是例如牛油,牛油三硬脂酸甘油酯,棕榈油,棕榈三硬脂酸甘油酯,大豆油,鱼油,蓖麻油,米糠油,葵花油,椰子油,巴巴苏油,棕榈仁油和其他。在上述方法中,脂肪酸衍生自选自椰子,米糠,花生,牛油,棕榈,棕榈仁,棉籽,大豆和蓖麻的油/脂肪。脂肪酸皂也可以合成制备(例如通过石油的氧化或通过费-托法氢化一氧化碳)。可以使用树脂酸,例如存在于妥尔油中的那些。环烷酸也是合适的。
牛油脂肪酸可以来源于各种动物来源,并且通常包含约1至8%的肉豆蔻酸,约21至32%的棕榈酸,约14至31%的硬脂酸,约0至4%的棕榈油酸,约36至50%的油酸和约0至5%的亚油酸。典型的分布是按皂重量计2.5%的肉豆蔻酸,29%的棕榈酸,23%的硬脂酸,2%的棕榈油酸,41.5%的油酸和3%的亚油酸。还包括其他类似混合物,例如来自棕榈油的那些以及来源于各种动物油和猪油的那些。
椰子油是指按皂重量计具有8%C8、7%C10、48%C12、17%C14、8%C16、2%C18、7%油酸和2%亚油酸的大致碳链长度分布的脂肪酸混合物(列出的前六种脂肪酸是饱和的)。具有类似碳链长度分布的其他来源,例如棕榈仁油和巴巴苏仁油,也包括在术语椰子油中。
典型的脂肪酸混合物按皂重量计由5至30%的椰子脂肪酸和70至95%的脂肪酸组成。来源于其他合适的油/脂肪例如花生,大豆,牛油,棕榈和棕榈仁的脂肪酸也可以以其他期望比例使用。
优选根据本发明的组合物包含组合物的25-90重量%,更优选50-85重量%,最优选55-75重量%的皂。
抗微生物组合物可以是固体,液体,凝胶或糊剂的形式。本领域技术人员可以通过选择一种或多种另外的成分和/或表面活性剂来制备各种形式的组合物。可以参考标准教科书和百科全书。本发明的抗微生物组合物可用于清洁和护理,特别是用于皮肤清洁。
优选本发明的抗微生物清洁组合物是可流动的。
当组合物是可流动的时,其优选包含0.05-3重量%的百里酚,0.05-3重量%的萜品醇,0.001-3重量%的吡啶硫酮锌和1-45重量%的表面活性剂。
本发明的优选的可流动组合物可以进一步包含10重量%至99.9重量%的水。
可流动的抗微生物组合物可用于皮肤清洁,特别是用于洗手、洗身体或作为洗脸剂。
或者,抗微生物清洁组合物是固体组合物。这样的组合物是不可流动的。当组合物为固体时,其优选包含0.05-3重量%的百里酚,0.05-3重量%的萜品醇,0.001-3重量%的吡啶硫酮锌和20-90重量%的表面活性剂。
优选地,本发明的固体组合物包含5重量%至30重量%的水。
固体抗微生物组合物优选为成形固体形式,更优选皂条或皂块。固体抗微生物组合物特别适用于皮肤清洁,特别是用于沐浴、洗手或洗脸。
百里酚
本发明的抗微生物组合物包含0.001至3重量%,更优选0.01至1重量%,最优选0.05至0.6重量%的百里酚。本发明的大多数有用的抗微生物组合物具有高于0.05重量%但小于0.8重量%的百里酚。这些范围是优选的,因为低于优选的较低浓度的百里酚,期望的更快作用的抗微生物动力学可能不在所有情况下得到满足。在高于较高范围的浓度下,虽然作用的动力学不与萜品醇组合受损,但感官方面如气味和皮肤感觉可能受损。百里酚可以纯化形式加入到抗微生物组合物中。
或者,可以包含适量的包含期望量的百里酚的百里香油或百里香提取物。百里香油或百里香提取物获自百里香植物,属于百里香属,包括但不限于以下物种:银斑百里香(Thymus vulgaris),洋百里香(Thymus zygis),Thymus satureoides,乳香色百里香(Thymus mastichina),Thymus broussonetti,Thymus maroccanus,Thymus pallidus,Thymus algeriensis,红花百里香(Thymus serpyllum),Thymus pulegoide和柠檬百里香(Thymus citriodorus)。
百里酚及其异构体香芹酚的结构如下:
萜品醇
本发明的抗微生物组合物包含0.001至3重量%,更优选0.05至1重量%,最优选0.2至0.6重量%的萜品醇。本发明的大多数有用的快速作用抗微生物组合物具有高于0.05重量%但小于1重量%的萜品醇。这些萜品醇的优选浓度范围出于在百里酚的上下文中指出的原因是重要的。萜品醇优选选自α-萜品醇,β-萜品醇,γ-萜品醇或其混合物。特别优选萜品醇是α-萜品醇。萜品醇可以纯化形式加入到抗微生物组合物中。
或者,可以将一定量的其中包含期望量的萜品醇的松树油加入到抗微生物组合物中。
萜品醇化合物的结构如下:
优选百里酚和萜品醇的百分数之和(按重量计)为组合物重量的0.01至2重量%,更优选0.1至2重量%,最优选0.1至1重量%。
特别优选本发明的抗微生物组合物包含1:1的重量/重量比的百里酚和萜品醇。
吡啶硫酮的多价金属盐
不溶性金属吡啶硫酮可以由以下通式表示:
其中M是多价金属离子,n对应于M的化合价。
M的优选实例包括镁,钡,锶,锌,镉,锡和锆。特别优选的是锌。
吡啶硫酮的多价金属盐可以具有适用于局部施用于皮肤的组合物中的任何颗粒形式。例如,金属吡啶硫酮可以是具有一系列不同粒度的无定形或晶体颗粒的形式。
吡啶硫酮的多价金属盐可以例如是具有尺寸分布的颗粒的形式,其中至少约90%的颗粒具有至多100μm,更优选至多50μm,甚至更优选至多10μm,最优选5μm或更小的尺寸,例如尺寸分布可以使得至少约90%的颗粒具有1μm或更小的尺寸。特别对于毛发组合物,较小尺寸对于抗微生物效果是最佳的。
例如在EP0173259B1(Kao Corp,1991)中描述了用于制备吡啶硫酮的多价金属盐的细颗粒的各种方法。该公布文件中描述了确定粒度的合适方法。
吡啶硫酮的多价金属盐可以由一种颗粒形式或两种或更多种不同颗粒形式构成。
用于吡啶硫酮的多价金属盐的其它合适的颗粒形式包括薄片和针状颗粒。EP0034385B1(P&G,1984)中描述了吡啶硫酮锌的薄片。针状颗粒优选具有W099/66886A1(Unilever,1999)中所述的类型。对于针状颗粒,优选至少50%的颗粒是长度在1μm和50μm之间的针状颗粒。
用于本发明组合物的吡啶硫酮的多价金属盐的优选量为总组合物的约0.001重量%至约5重量%,更优选约0.05重量%至约3重量%,最优选0.1重量%至1重量%。优选吡啶硫酮的多价金属盐为吡啶硫酮锌。
另外的成分
优选的组合物可以包括其他已知的成分,例如香料,颜料,防腐剂,润肤剂,防晒剂,乳化剂,胶凝剂和增稠剂。这些成分的选择很大程度上取决于组合物的形式。
本发明人已经确定,尽管单独的百里酚和萜品醇的组合确实提供了快速的抗微生物动力学作用,但百里酚和萜品醇与吡啶硫酮的多价金属盐的组合提供了协同的持续的抗微生物作用,这在洗去型产品中是特别重要的(与免洗型产品相反),其中抗微生物活性物与表面的接触时间短。偶然地,这样的洗去过程包括用于清洁作用的表面活性剂。尽管单独的表面活性剂在其在洗去过程中存在的典型浓度下不提供持续的抗微生物效果,但是当用根据本发明的组合物洗涤/处理表面时,其提供了表面上的微生物计数在一段时间内的减少的进一步改善。
抗菌皂用于个人清洁的日常使用控制我们的皮肤上病原菌的生长。这反过来又预防至少一些皮肤病。存在于这样的组合物中的表面活性剂除去皮肤上存在的细菌和其他微生物,同时沉积可以控制留下的生物体的生长和定殖的活性成分。
在本发明的另一方面,本发明的组合物适用于用于个人卫生或表面清洁,例如用于家庭护理的擦拭物(浸渍形式)。
根据本发明的另一方面,提供了一种消毒表面的方法,其包括将本发明第一方面的组合物施用到所述表面上;和用合适的溶剂清洗所述表面的步骤。
用于清洗表面的溶剂优选为水,但也可以是水和醇的混合物。本文中的清洗一词包括用合适的擦拭物擦拭表面的动作。因此,首先将表面例如手,脸,身体,口腔或任何硬表面例如器具与本发明的组合物接触。然后在预定的时间段后优选用足够量的水清洗以去除组合物的任何可见或感官残留物。或者,可以使用醇擦拭物或水/醇浸渍擦拭物擦拭表面以在视觉上不含抗微生物组合物。清洗基材的步骤优选在将组合物施用到基材上的步骤之后进行少于5分钟,优选少于2分钟,进一步更优选少于1分钟,并且在许多情况下少于15秒。
表面是活体表面,如人体或其任何部分。或者,表面是非活体表面,如桌面和瓷砖。当表面是活体的时,优选方法是非治疗性的。这样的方法包括美容方法。
或者,方法是治疗性的。通过治疗进行的处理被定义为旨在治愈,缓解,除去或减轻人体或动物体的任何紊乱或功能障碍的症状,或者预防或减少感染人体或动物体的任何紊乱或功能障碍的可能性的任何处理。根据一个方面,本发明提供非治疗性益处。
本发明的一个方面提供了本发明组合物用于实现改善的个人卫生的用途。
本发明还提供治疗益处。
本发明的组合物适合用作去头屑治疗剂。
实施例
将用实施例来说明本发明。这些实施例仅用于说明的目的,并不以任何方式限制权利要求的范围。
这些实施例是通过添加各种活性成分到皂条的以下基础组成而进行:
表1:皂条的基础组成
成分 | 重量% |
皂 | 72.0 |
甘油 | 4.0 |
伯烷基硫酸盐(PAS) | 2.0 |
氯化钠 | 0.7 |
滑石 | 8.0 |
补足100%的水和其他次要成分 | - |
总计 | 100.0 |
实施例1:组合物的抗微生物功效
细菌的制备(大肠杆菌培养)
从美国典型培养物保藏中心获得大肠杆菌ATCC 10536作为冻干培养物。试验培养物在37.0℃下在胰蛋白酶大豆琼脂(TSA)条纹板上生长24小时。然后在功效试验前,用胰蛋白胨氯化钠以1至5×107CFU/ml制备大肠杆菌悬浮液。
持续抗微生物功效测试
为了确定抗微生物皂条的功效,在人造皮肤样品(VITRO-SKINTM,IMS Corp.,设计用于模拟人类皮肤的表面化学的合成基材)上进行体外性能测试。为了制备该基材,将VITRO-SKINTM片在具有85%水和15%甘油的储液器的水合室中水合过夜。大约24小时后,将VITRO-SKIN片从室中取出并使其在环境温度和湿度下静置约1小时,将5cm直径的部分安装在XRF杯的相对片之间。
为了模仿洗涤皮肤,将皂条切成1cm直径的圆柱体,其用去离子水润湿,皂条组合物轻轻擦过XRF杯内的整个VITRO-SKINTM表面15秒。然后,通过用Teflon棒连续摩擦VITRO-SKINTM45秒(例如,不存在皂条组合物)来产生泡沫。除去洗涤液并通过向XRF杯中加入4ml去离子水清洗VITRO-SKINTM,并用干净的Teflon棒摩擦基材30秒。清洗步骤重复一次。去除清洗液后,将VITRO-SKINTM在低光条件下在平静的室内空气中干燥5至10分钟。
通过使用如上所述从过夜生长获得的200μl培养物,用106-107CFU大肠杆菌均匀接种每个VITRO-SKINTM。使细菌在VITRO-SKIN上干燥20分钟,然后将VITRO-SKIN置于培养箱内0至3小时。温育后,将10ml冰冷的D/E肉汤加入到每个XRF杯中,用Teflon盖紧紧覆盖并剧烈摇动1分钟以除去细菌。制备流体的连续稀释液,并用胰蛋白酶大豆肉汤铺板用于37℃下24小时菌落计数。此后,计数活细菌并以log10CFU的形式报告。更小的log10(CFU/ml)值对应于给定样品的更有效且持续的抗微生物功效。
表2:抗微生物功效的实施例
注:在上表中,术语TT用于共同表示百里酚和萜品醇
表2中的数据表明,本发明的组合物提供了至多3小时的更持久的抗微生物益处。数据进一步表明,当用根据本发明的组合物处理表面时,该表面被消毒(第4行)。
Claims (11)
1.一种抗微生物清洁组合物,其包含基于所述组合物的总重量的:
(a)1重量%至90重量%的表面活性剂;
(b)吡啶硫酮的多价金属盐;
(c)0.001重量%至3重量%的百里酚,和
(d)0.001重量%至3重量%的萜品醇。
2.根据权利要求1所述的抗微生物组合物,其中所述吡啶硫酮的多价金属盐为所述组合物的0.001重量%至5重量%。
3.根据权利要求1或2中任一项所述的抗微生物组合物,其中所述吡啶硫酮的多价金属盐是吡啶硫酮锌。
4.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的抗微生物组合物,其中所述表面活性剂包含皂。
5.根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的抗微生物组合物,其中所述萜品醇选自α-萜品醇,β-萜品醇,γ-萜品醇及其混合物。
6.根据权利要求5所述的抗微生物组合物,其中所述萜品醇是α-萜品醇。
7.根据权利要求1至6中任一项所述的抗微生物组合物,其中所述组合物包含1:1的重量/重量比的百里酚和萜品醇。
8.一种消毒表面的方法,其包括以下步骤:
(a)将权利要求1至7中任一项所述的组合物施用到所述表面上;和,
(b)用合适的溶剂清洗所述表面。
9.根据权利要求8所述的方法,其中所述表面是活体的或非活体的。
10.根据权利要求9所述的方法,其中当所述表面是活体的时,所述方法是非治疗性的。
11.根据权利要求1至7中任一项所述的组合物用于实现改善的个人卫生的用途。
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- 2016-11-07 CN CN201680068833.9A patent/CN108366925A/zh active Pending
- 2016-11-07 US US15/777,940 patent/US20180338494A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2016-11-07 BR BR112018007651A patent/BR112018007651A2/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2016-11-07 MX MX2018006387A patent/MX2018006387A/es unknown
- 2016-11-07 WO PCT/EP2016/076842 patent/WO2017089108A1/en active Application Filing
- 2016-11-25 AR ARP160103615A patent/AR106820A1/es unknown
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CN109310596A (zh) * | 2016-05-27 | 2019-02-05 | 荷兰联合利华有限公司 | 抗微生物清洁组合物 |
CN109310596B (zh) * | 2016-05-27 | 2021-11-26 | 联合利华知识产权控股有限公司 | 抗微生物清洁组合物 |
US11224568B2 (en) | 2016-05-27 | 2022-01-18 | Conopco, Inc. | Antimicrobial cleansing composition |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
WO2017089108A1 (en) | 2017-06-01 |
BR112018007651A2 (pt) | 2018-11-06 |
MX2018006387A (es) | 2018-09-05 |
US20180338494A1 (en) | 2018-11-29 |
AR106820A1 (es) | 2018-02-21 |
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