CN108365327B - Microwave antenna and feed source thereof - Google Patents
Microwave antenna and feed source thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN108365327B CN108365327B CN201810001769.3A CN201810001769A CN108365327B CN 108365327 B CN108365327 B CN 108365327B CN 201810001769 A CN201810001769 A CN 201810001769A CN 108365327 B CN108365327 B CN 108365327B
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- reflecting surface
- feed source
- waveguide tube
- microwave antenna
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/42—Housings not intimately mechanically associated with radiating elements, e.g. radome
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
- H01Q15/14—Reflecting surfaces; Equivalent structures
- H01Q15/16—Reflecting surfaces; Equivalent structures curved in two dimensions, e.g. paraboloidal
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
- H01Q19/10—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces
- H01Q19/18—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces having two or more spaced reflecting surfaces
- H01Q19/19—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces having two or more spaced reflecting surfaces comprising one main concave reflecting surface associated with an auxiliary reflecting surface
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- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Aerials With Secondary Devices (AREA)
Abstract
The microwave antenna comprises a feed source for transmitting/receiving microwave antenna signals, and a main reflecting surface with an intrados surface facing the feed source, wherein the feed source comprises a waveguide tube, a dielectric block and a secondary reflecting surface, the secondary reflecting surface is arranged on the upper surface of the dielectric block, and the lower end of the dielectric block is inserted into the waveguide tube. The feed source and the microwave antenna shape the medium block and the auxiliary reflecting surface, and the conical groove is arranged at the upper part of the medium block, and the auxiliary reflecting surface is arranged on the medium block.
Description
[ Field of technology ]
The invention relates to the technical field of microwave communication, in particular to a microwave antenna of a microwave communication system and a high-gain feed source.
[ Background Art ]
Digital microwave relay communication, once together with optical fiber communication and satellite communication, is called as three main posts of modern communication transmission. With the development of satellite communication, mobile communication and all-digital HDTV transmission, the development of general high-speed wired/wireless access brings about no small challenges and impact to the market of digital microwave relay communication. However, because the digital microwave relay communication has short construction period, low investment cost, good mobility and large communication capacity, the digital microwave relay communication is still widely applied to suburban areas, rural towns, coastal islands and the like; digital microwave communication is a communication system using microwaves as carriers, and antennas are used for completing conversion from guided waves to radiated waves in the microwave system. In particular, the radio frequency signal is converted into electromagnetic waves on the transmit link and into spatial radiation, and the electromagnetic waves are converted into radio frequency signals on the receive link. The microwave antenna is an important component of a digital microwave relay communication system, wherein the feed source is a core of the whole microwave antenna, as shown in a schematic diagram of a feedforward type microwave antenna in the prior art in fig. 1, wherein the feed source 102 is placed in front of the main reflecting surface 101, so that the feed source is called as a feedforward type microwave antenna, electromagnetic waves emitted by the feed source 102 are reflected by the main reflecting surface 101 and radiate outwards to form a parallel wave a, and as shown in fig. 1, the bandwidth of the feedforward type microwave antenna is narrow, and is generally less than 10%. Referring to fig. 2, as shown in fig. 2, a conventional feedback microwave antenna is shown, in which a secondary reflection surface 202 is disposed in front of a primary reflection surface 201, the secondary reflection surface 202 is fixed by a support rod 203, and a feed source 204 is disposed on one side of the primary reflection surface, so that the conventional feedback microwave antenna is called as a feedback microwave antenna, and the antenna with such a structure in the prior art is not efficient, inconvenient to assemble, poor in stability, and easy to shield efficiency due to the fact that the feed source 202 is usually made of a metal support rod or a dielectric support rod. Referring to fig. 3, fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a feed structure applied to the aforementioned conventional microwave antenna, where the feed includes a waveguide 310 and a dielectric block 320 disposed on the waveguide 310, the upper portion of the dielectric block 320 is horn-shaped, a portion of the lower end is inserted into the waveguide 310 for fixing, a portion of the inserted waveguide 310 is provided with a step structure 321, and the diameter of the step structure gradually decreases downward. The feed source structure in the prior art has low gain, narrow bandwidth and poor stability.
In summary, it has been expected to design a feed source and a corresponding microwave antenna with high gain, high efficiency, excellent performance, wide bandwidth, high stability, reliable structure, and convenient disassembly.
[ Invention ]
The invention aims to provide a feed source with high gain, high efficiency, wide frequency band, high stability, reliable structure and excellent performance and a microwave antenna using the feed source.
In order to achieve the purpose of the invention, the following technical scheme is provided:
The invention provides a feed source applied to a microwave antenna, which comprises a waveguide tube, a dielectric block and a secondary reflecting surface, wherein the secondary reflecting surface is arranged on the upper surface of the dielectric block, and the lower end of the dielectric block is inserted into the waveguide tube.
Preferably, the dielectric block has a T-shaped structure and includes an upper dielectric portion and a lower dielectric portion, the secondary reflection surface is disposed on an upper surface of the upper dielectric portion, and the lower dielectric portion is inserted into the waveguide.
Preferably, a conical groove is formed in the upper surface of the upper medium portion, and the bottom of the secondary reflecting surface is matched with the conical groove.
Preferably, a shaping cone is arranged at the bottom of the auxiliary reflecting surface and at the position corresponding to the conical groove.
Preferably, the dielectric block, the secondary reflecting surface, the conical groove and the shaping cone are all symmetrical about the same central axis.
Preferably, the outer periphery of the upper medium part is provided with at least one annular groove. Preferably, two or more annular grooves are arranged, and the distance between the bottoms of the annular grooves and the center increases sequentially from bottom to top.
Preferably, the lower dielectric part includes a connection section inserted into the waveguide, and a transition section between the connection section and the upper dielectric part, the connection section having an outer diameter matching an inner diameter of the waveguide.
Preferably, the connecting section comprises a bottom column at the lowest end, at least one layer of steps are respectively arranged upwards from the bottom column, and the first layer of steps are in close contact with the inner wall of the waveguide tube. Preferably, the first step is tightly fixed to the inner wall of the waveguide tube by glue.
Preferably, the connecting section is provided with three layers of steps, namely a first step, a second step and a third step, wherein the inner diameters of the first step and the third step are consistent with the inner diameter of the waveguide, the first step and the third step are in close contact with the inner wall of the waveguide, and the outer diameter of the second step is smaller than that of the first step and the third step.
Preferably, the steps are round steps, the effect of the round steps on the return loss is remarkable, the depth and the width of the steps are not limited, and the step has a certain effect on the return loss.
Preferably, a positioning flange is further arranged between the connecting section and the transition section, the diameter of the positioning flange is larger than the inner diameter of the waveguide tube, and the positioning flange is arranged above the opening of the waveguide tube and seals the waveguide tube.
Preferably, the annular groove and the step are symmetrical about the same central axis.
Preferably, the secondary reflecting surface is a metal reflecting surface, and the secondary reflecting surface comprises a secondary reflecting surface substrate arranged on the upper surface of the dielectric block and a metal layer arranged on the secondary reflecting surface substrate. In a specific embodiment, the secondary reflecting surface is formed by directly shaping the upper part of the medium block, the secondary reflecting surface substrate is matched with the conical groove on the upper surface of the medium block, and the secondary reflecting surface substrate can be tightly fixed on the medium block through glue; and spraying metal powder on the secondary reflecting surface substrate to form a metal secondary reflecting surface, wherein in the specific operation, the metal powder is sprayed in the direction facing the feed source and the paraboloid. Preferably, the oil-based protective paint is sprayed on the surface of the metal auxiliary reflecting surface to play a role in protecting the metal auxiliary reflecting surface from corrosion and instability.
The invention provides a high-gain feed source and a microwave antenna, which are used for solving the problems of low efficiency, poor stability and difficult processing and assembly in a feed-back parabolic antenna in the prior art. In view of this, the present invention also provides a microwave antenna for microwave communication, which includes a feed source as described above for transmitting/receiving microwave antenna signals, and a main reflecting surface with an intrados toward the feed source, where the main reflecting surface is used for reflecting/receiving microwave signals from the feed source, a reflecting surface high-straight edge is disposed above the main reflecting surface, and an opening above the reflecting surface high-straight edge is covered with an antenna housing.
The annular grooves and the high straight sides of the main reflecting surface have remarkable effects on adjusting the antenna pattern, and are not limited by the number, the depth and the diameter of the annular grooves and the height of the high straight sides of the reflecting surface, the diameter of the annular grooves and the depth of the high straight sides of the reflecting surface have remarkable effects on adjusting the front-to-back ratio of the microwave antenna, and the front-to-back ratio can be well improved by adjusting the annular grooves and the high straight sides of the reflecting surface, so that interference of the microwave antenna to nearby antennas is restrained in actual use, and the communication quality is improved.
Preferably, the feed source is positioned on the central axis of the main reflecting surface; the high straight edge of the reflecting surface is connected with the opening edge of the main reflecting surface to form a radiation opening surface, the radiation opening surface is used for transmitting/receiving microwave signals, the high straight edge of the reflecting surface is tightly connected with the main reflecting surface through a fastener, preferably, a flanging structure is used at the edge of the main reflecting surface, and the high straight edge of the reflecting surface is tightly connected with the main reflecting surface in a flanging mode through the fastener.
Preferably, the radome is located directly over the main reflecting surface, preferably, the radome is tightly locked on the high straight edge of the reflecting surface through an L-shaped layering ring, the radome is tightly fixed on the high straight edge of the reflecting surface through a pressing strip, the radome can be well prevented from being leaked, the antenna can be protected from complex and severe environmental influences such as rain, fog, ice, sand, strong wind and ultraviolet rays, and dustproof, waterproof, wind-resistant and UV-resistant effects are achieved. Preferably, the radome is made of ABS and HIPS mixed plastic, so that the antenna is strong in UV resistance and suitable for antennas exposed outdoors for a long time.
The intrados of the primary reflecting surface is a paraboloid having an equivalent focus offset from its center. The microwave antenna is characterized in that a matching plate is arranged in the center of the bottom of the main reflecting surface, a perforation is arranged on the main reflecting surface, and a waveguide tube of the feed source is fixed at the perforation position of the main reflecting surface of the microwave antenna through the matching plate.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
The high-gain feed source and the microwave antenna provided by the invention have the advantages that the medium block and the auxiliary reflection surface are shaped, the conical groove is arranged at the upper part of the medium block, the auxiliary reflection surface is arranged on the medium block, and the shaping cone corresponding to the conical groove is arranged at the bottom of the auxiliary reflection surface. Compared with a conventional feedforward type, the structure of the double-reflecting-surface antenna has the advantages that no shielding exists between a feed source and a reflecting surface, the transmission loss can be reduced, the gain of the microwave antenna is improved, the working efficiency is improved, the bandwidth is wider, the gain efficiency is high, the weather resistance is excellent, the high-low temperature condition can be well resisted, and the performance is stable. The secondary reflecting surface is realized more easily by directly forming and spraying metal powder on the surface of the medium.
Further, the medium block is provided with at least one annular groove, at least one layer of step is arranged at the bottom of the medium block, the high-straight edge of the reflecting surface is arranged outside the main reflecting surface, when electromagnetic waves pass through the step, the electromagnetic waves enter the medium block according to a certain mode proportion, then a cone is formed, the annular groove and the conical groove are mutually matched to adjust the phase and amplitude of the electromagnetic waves, and finally the electromagnetic waves radiate from the radiation port surface of the high-straight edge of the reflecting surface, so that the microwave antenna has wider relative bandwidth, higher gain efficiency and better front-back ratio are obtained; the antenna radiation pattern adopting the feed source and main reflecting surface structure meets the envelope requirement of ETSI CLASS standard, can realize better gain and front-to-back ratio, and has good popularization value.
[ Description of the drawings ]
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a prior art feed forward antenna;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a prior art feed-back antenna;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a prior art feed structure;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a feed embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a microwave antenna according to the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a graph showing the actual measurement of return loss of a microwave antenna according to the present invention;
fig. 7 is a far field pattern of a microwave antenna of the present invention.
[ Detailed description ] of the invention
Referring to fig. 4, the feed source of the microwave antenna of the present invention includes a waveguide 400, a dielectric block 500, and a sub-reflection surface 600, wherein the sub-reflection surface 600 is disposed on the upper surface of the dielectric block 500, and the lower end of the dielectric block is inserted into the waveguide 400.
The dielectric block 500 has a T-shaped structure and includes an upper dielectric portion (not shown) and a lower dielectric portion (not shown), and the sub-reflection surface 600 is disposed on an upper surface of the upper dielectric portion, and the lower dielectric portion is inserted into the waveguide 400.
The upper surface of the upper medium part is provided with a tapered groove 511, and the sub-reflecting surface bottom 600 is matched with the tapered groove. A shaping cone 610 is disposed at the bottom of the secondary reflecting surface 600 corresponding to the conical groove. The dielectric block 500, the secondary reflecting surface 600, the conical groove 511 and the shaping cone 610 are all symmetrical about the same central axis.
In this embodiment, the outer periphery of the upper medium part is provided with two annular grooves 512, 513. And the distance from the bottom of the annular groove to the center increases sequentially from bottom to top.
The lower dielectric part includes a connection section (not shown) inserted into the waveguide 400, and a transition section (not shown) between the connection section and the upper dielectric part, the connection section having an outer diameter matching an inner diameter of the waveguide 400.
The connecting section comprises a bottom post 520 at the lowest end, at least three layers of steps are respectively arranged upwards from the bottom post, and are respectively a first step 531, a second step 533 and a third step 534, wherein the inner diameters of the first step 531 and the third step 534 are consistent with the inner diameter of the waveguide 400, the first step and the third step are in close contact with the inner wall of the waveguide, and the outer diameter of the second step 533 is smaller than that of the first step 531 and the third step 533. The first step 531 and the third step 533 are in close contact with the inner wall of the waveguide 400, and are closely fixed to the inner wall of the waveguide 400 by glue. The steps are round steps, the effect of the round steps on the return loss is obvious, the depth and the width of the steps are not limited, and the step has a certain effect on the return loss regulation.
The middle section of the first step 531 is further provided with a clearance groove 532.
A positioning flange 535 is further disposed between the connection section and the transition section, the positioning flange 535 is located above the third step 534, the diameter of the positioning flange 535 is larger than the inner diameter of the waveguide 400, and the positioning flange 535 is disposed above the waveguide orifice and seals the waveguide 400.
An annular groove 514 is also provided at the transition above the positioning flange 535.
The annular groove and the step are symmetrical about the same central axis.
The secondary reflection surface 600 is a metal reflection surface, and includes a secondary reflection surface substrate disposed on the upper surface of the dielectric block 500 and a metal layer disposed on the secondary reflection surface substrate. In a specific embodiment, the secondary reflecting surface is formed by directly shaping the upper part of the medium block, the secondary reflecting surface substrate is matched with the conical groove 511 on the upper surface of the medium block, and the secondary reflecting surface substrate can be tightly fixed on the medium block through glue; and spraying metal powder on the secondary reflecting surface substrate to form a metal secondary reflecting surface, wherein in the specific operation, the metal powder is sprayed in the direction facing the feed source and the paraboloid. Then, oil protective paint is sprayed on the surface of the metal auxiliary reflecting surface to play a role in protecting the metal auxiliary reflecting surface from corrosion and instability.
Referring to fig. 5, the high-gain feed source and microwave antenna of the present invention are used to solve the problems of low efficiency, poor stability and difficult processing and assembly in the prior art of the feed-back parabolic antenna. The microwave antenna in this embodiment includes a feed source for transmitting/receiving microwave antenna signals as described above, and a main reflecting surface 710 with an intrados facing the feed source, where the main reflecting surface is used for reflecting/receiving microwave signals from the feed source, a reflecting surface high-straight edge 720 is disposed above the main reflecting surface 710, and an opening above the reflecting surface high-straight edge is covered with an antenna housing 730.
The annular grooves and the high straight sides of the main reflecting surface have remarkable effects on adjusting the antenna pattern, and are not limited by the number, the depth and the diameter of the annular grooves and the height of the high straight sides of the reflecting surface, the diameter of the annular grooves and the depth of the high straight sides of the reflecting surface have remarkable effects on adjusting the front-to-back ratio of the microwave antenna, and the front-to-back ratio can be well improved by adjusting the annular grooves and the high straight sides of the reflecting surface, so that interference of the microwave antenna to nearby antennas is restrained in actual use, and the communication quality is improved.
The feed is located on the central axis of the primary reflecting surface 710; the high straight edge 720 of the reflecting surface is connected with the opening edge of the main reflecting surface 710 to form a radiation port surface, the radiation port surface is used for transmitting/receiving microwave signals, a flanging structure is used at the edge of the main reflecting surface 710, and the high straight edge 720 of the reflecting surface is tightly connected with the main reflecting surface in a flanging form through a fastener.
The radome 730 is located directly above the main reflecting surface 710, and is tightly locked on the reflecting surface high-straight side 720 through an L-shaped pressing strip ring, and the radome is tightly fixed above the reflecting surface high-straight side through a pressing strip, so that the radome can well play a role in preventing signal leakage, and can protect the antenna from complex and severe environmental influences such as rain, fog, ice, sand, strong wind, ultraviolet rays and the like, and dust prevention, water resistance, wind resistance and UV resistance are realized.
The intrados of the primary reflecting surface 710 is a paraboloid having an equivalent focus offset from its center. The microwave antenna is characterized in that a matching plate is arranged in the center of the bottom of the main reflecting surface, a perforation is arranged on the main reflecting surface, and a waveguide tube of the feed source is fixed at the perforation position of the main reflecting surface of the microwave antenna through the matching plate.
When the microwave antenna adopting the feed source embodiment is installed and used, the center of the main reflecting surface, the center of the auxiliary reflecting surface and the center of the feed source are always kept on the same straight line as shown in fig. 5.
By adopting the technical scheme of the embodiment, no shielding exists between the microwave antenna feed source and the auxiliary reflecting surface, the transmission loss can be effectively reduced, the edge of the main reflecting surface adopts the high straight edge of the reflecting surface which is longitudinally stretched, the interference between adjacent antennas is effectively reduced, stronger wind load capacity exists in actual use, the feed source and the microwave antenna of the embodiment have simple structures and convenient maintenance and disassembly, and in addition, the feed source and the microwave antenna of the embodiment are easy to realize in process.
By actually measuring the 1.2M 15G feed source and the microwave antenna, the return loss diagram of the feed source is shown in fig. 6, the radiation direction diagram of the antenna is shown in fig. 7, and ETSI CLASS envelope standards are met. Actually measured, the microwave antenna of the invention has high efficiency, high gain and large bandwidth, and the data shown in the following table are displayed.
Through the description, the design scheme of the feed source and the microwave antenna, which are excellent in performance, simple to process, high in consistency and reliable in performance, is provided.
The above-mentioned embodiments are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any equivalent transformation based on the technical solution of the present invention falls within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. The feed source applied to the microwave antenna is characterized by comprising a waveguide tube, a dielectric block and a secondary reflecting surface, wherein the secondary reflecting surface is arranged on the upper surface of the dielectric block, and the lower end of the dielectric block is inserted into the waveguide tube;
The dielectric block is of a T-shaped structure and comprises an upper dielectric part and a lower dielectric part, the auxiliary reflecting surface is arranged on the upper surface of the upper dielectric part, and the lower dielectric part is inserted into the waveguide tube;
The periphery of the upper medium part is provided with two or more annular grooves, and the distance from the bottom of the annular grooves to the center increases sequentially from bottom to top; the lower medium part comprises a connecting section inserted into the waveguide tube and a transition section positioned between the connecting section and the upper medium part, a positioning flange is further arranged between the connecting section and the transition section, the positioning flange is arranged above the waveguide tube orifice to seal the waveguide tube, and an annular groove is further arranged on the transition section above the positioning flange;
The connecting section comprises a bottom column at the lowest end, at least one layer of step is respectively arranged upwards from the bottom column, and the first layer of step is tightly contacted with the inner wall of the waveguide tube; the steps are respectively a first step, a second step and a third step, wherein the first step and the third step are in close contact with the inner wall of the waveguide tube, the outer diameter of the second step is smaller than that of the first step and the third step, the outer diameters of the first step and the third step are consistent with the inner diameter of the waveguide tube, and the annular groove and the steps are symmetrical about the same central axis.
2. The feed of claim 1 wherein the upper surface of the upper dielectric portion is provided with a tapered slot and the bottom of the secondary reflecting surface is matched to the tapered slot.
3. The feed of claim 2 wherein the bottom of the secondary reflecting surface has a shaped cone corresponding to the conical slot.
4. The feed of claim 1, wherein an outer diameter of the connection section matches an inner diameter of the waveguide.
5. The feed of any one of claims 1 to 4 wherein the secondary reflecting surface is a metallic reflecting surface, the secondary reflecting surface comprising a secondary reflecting surface substrate disposed on the upper surface of the dielectric block and a metallic layer disposed on the secondary reflecting surface substrate.
6. A microwave antenna for microwave communication, characterized in that it comprises a feed source according to any one of claims 1-5 for transmitting/receiving microwave antenna signals, and a main reflecting surface with intrados towards the feed source, the main reflecting surface being for reflecting/receiving microwave signals from the feed source, a reflecting surface high-straight side being arranged above the main reflecting surface, an opening above the reflecting surface high-straight side being covered with an antenna housing.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201810001769.3A CN108365327B (en) | 2018-01-02 | 2018-01-02 | Microwave antenna and feed source thereof |
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| CN201810001769.3A CN108365327B (en) | 2018-01-02 | 2018-01-02 | Microwave antenna and feed source thereof |
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| CN108365327A CN108365327A (en) | 2018-08-03 |
| CN108365327B true CN108365327B (en) | 2024-06-04 |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108963417A (en) * | 2018-08-30 | 2018-12-07 | 广东通宇通讯股份有限公司 | A kind of microwave antenna being easily achieved different frequency range switching |
| CN109962343A (en) * | 2019-03-11 | 2019-07-02 | 陕西维萨特科技股份有限公司 | A kind of millimeter wave splash plate antenna |
| CN110011075B (en) * | 2019-05-17 | 2023-10-13 | 江苏集萃移动通信技术研究所有限公司 | High-performance beam forming antenna and beam forming method |
| CN114465019B (en) * | 2022-01-07 | 2024-07-02 | 北京理工大学 | Cassegrain antenna with transceiving coaxial for terahertz real-aperture imaging |
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