CN108361137A - A kind of engine gas injection measurement method - Google Patents
A kind of engine gas injection measurement method Download PDFInfo
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M65/00—Testing fuel-injection apparatus, e.g. testing injection timing ; Cleaning of fuel-injection apparatus
- F02M65/001—Measuring fuel delivery of a fuel injector
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Abstract
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明属于发动机控制技术领域，具体涉及一种发动机燃气喷射测量方法。The invention belongs to the technical field of engine control, and in particular relates to an engine gas injection measurement method.
背景技术Background technique
以可燃气体为燃料的内燃机统称为气体燃料发动机。天然气、石油气、煤气、甲烷、氢气、沼气和生物制气等多种气体均可作为气体燃料发动机的燃料。1860年lenior制成世界上最早的以煤气为燃料的气体燃料发动机，表明人们在使用液体燃料之前，就通过实践证明了各种成分的可燃气体同样可以作为发动机的燃料。1908年，我国上海均和安机器厂制造出了我国首台以煤气为燃料的内燃机。20世纪30年代，在意大利、俄罗斯、荷兰等天然气储存和产量较大的国家中开始发展压缩天然气和液化石油气。进入20世纪80年代后，气体燃料发动机的研究与开发异常活跃，气体燃料发动机的应用技术，燃烧机理和燃烧过程优化成为研究热点。巨大的市场前景还吸引了众多知名的发动机和汽车制造厂商都参与此领域的研究。Internal combustion engines that use combustible gas as fuel are collectively referred to as gas fuel engines. Various gases such as natural gas, petroleum gas, coal gas, methane, hydrogen, biogas and biogas can be used as fuel for gas fuel engines. In 1860, lenior made the world's first gas-fueled engine fueled by gas, which showed that before people used liquid fuels, it had been proved through practice that combustible gases with various components could also be used as fuel for engines. In 1908, my country's Shanghai Junhean Machinery Factory manufactured my country's first internal combustion engine fueled by gas. In the 1930s, compressed natural gas and liquefied petroleum gas began to be developed in countries with large natural gas storage and production such as Italy, Russia, and the Netherlands. After entering the 1980s, the research and development of gas fuel engines were extremely active, and the application technology, combustion mechanism and combustion process optimization of gas fuel engines became research hotspots. The huge market prospect has also attracted many well-known engine and automobile manufacturers to participate in the research in this field.
对于纯气体燃料发动机或者双燃料发动机，在使用天然气为燃料时天然气的喷射量和喷射效果可以直接影响天然气发动机的工作效率与燃烧程度，进而燃气的喷射量与燃气的喷射规律是研究燃气喷射模型的重点。For pure gas fuel engines or dual fuel engines, when natural gas is used as fuel, the injection volume and injection effect of natural gas can directly affect the working efficiency and combustion degree of the natural gas engine, and then the injection volume of gas and the injection law of gas are the key to the study of gas injection model. the key of.
天然气发动机的燃烧效果直接受到燃气喷气的形状以及喷射量的影响。然而对于研究燃烧室内燃气喷射形状以及燃气喷射量来说，了解燃气喷射规律以及燃气喷射流量是前提。因此研究天然气的喷射规律对于提高燃烧效率和对缸内燃烧的控制有很大帮助。The combustion effect of a natural gas engine is directly affected by the shape and quantity of the gas injection. However, to study the gas injection shape and gas injection volume in the combustion chamber, it is the premise to know the gas injection law and gas injection flow rate. Therefore, the research on the injection law of natural gas is of great help to improve the combustion efficiency and control the combustion in the cylinder.
国内外很少有燃气喷射规律研究的方法与研究燃气喷射规律的学者，燃气喷射规律的研究也遇到了瓶颈。因此本发明基于动量法的原理针对燃气的喷射量以及燃气的喷射规律进行测试。At home and abroad, there are few methods and scholars who study the law of gas injection, and the research on the law of gas injection has also encountered a bottleneck. Therefore, the present invention is based on the principle of the momentum method to test the injection quantity of gas and the injection law of gas.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的在于提供一种发动机燃气喷射测量方法，本发明设计一种燃气喷射规律测量装置，本发明的实验原理是以动量法测量燃气喷射规律，当燃气冲击燃气喷射挡板是会对燃气喷射挡板产生一定的冲击力，通过测量冲击力的大小来计算出燃气的流量。The object of the present invention is to provide a method for measuring engine gas injection. The present invention designs a device for measuring gas injection law. The experimental principle of the present invention is to measure the law of gas injection by the momentum method. The injection baffle produces a certain impact force, and the gas flow is calculated by measuring the impact force.
本发明的目的是这样实现的：The purpose of the present invention is achieved like this:
一种发动机燃气喷射测量方法，该燃气喷射装置由燃气瓶(1)、减压阀(2)、控制电脑(3)、采集卡(4)、第一电荷放大器(5)、第二电荷放大器(6)、第一压力传感器(7)、压力传感器支架(8)、燃气喷射挡板(9)、燃气喷射阀(10)、稳压容器(11)、第二压力传感器(12)、控制器(13)组成；所述的喷射测量方法的原理为动量法，当燃气冲击燃气喷射挡板(9)时会对燃气喷射挡板(9)产生一定的冲击力，通过测量冲击力的大小来计算出燃气的流量。A method for measuring engine gas injection, the gas injection device consists of a gas bottle (1), a pressure reducing valve (2), a control computer (3), an acquisition card (4), a first charge amplifier (5), a second charge amplifier (6), first pressure sensor (7), pressure sensor bracket (8), gas injection baffle (9), gas injection valve (10), pressure stabilizing container (11), second pressure sensor (12), control device (13); the principle of the injection measurement method is the momentum method, when the gas impacts the gas injection baffle (9), a certain impact force will be generated on the gas injection baffle (9), by measuring the size of the impact force To calculate the gas flow.
一种发动机燃气喷射测量方法，所述的燃气瓶(1)中的燃气在经过减压阀(2)减压后输送到稳压容器(11)中进行稳压，稳压容器(11)中的压力就是燃气喷射阀(10)喷射的燃气压力。A method for measuring engine gas injection, wherein the gas in the gas bottle (1) is transported to a pressure-stabilizing container (11) for pressure stabilization after being decompressed by a pressure-reducing valve (2), and the gas in the pressure-stabilizing container (11) The pressure of is exactly the gas pressure of gas injection valve (10) injection.
一种发动机燃气喷射测量方法，所述的稳压容器(11)中的燃气压力就是喷气压力，安装在稳压容器(11)中的压力传感器(12)可以实时检测到稳压容器(12)中的压力，进而可以较为便捷的调节喷射压力。A method for measuring engine gas injection, wherein the gas pressure in the pressure stabilizing vessel (11) is the injection pressure, and the pressure sensor (12) installed in the pressure stabilizing vessel (11) can detect the pressure of the stabilizing vessel (12) in real time. In this way, the injection pressure can be adjusted more conveniently.
一种发动机燃气喷射测量方法，其特征在于：所述的燃气喷射阀(10)的喷射时间与喷射时刻受到控制器(13)的控制，当控制器(13)发出喷气信号时，燃气喷射阀(10)开始喷射燃气。A method for measuring engine gas injection, characterized in that: the injection time and injection timing of the gas injection valve (10) are controlled by a controller (13), when the controller (13) sends an injection signal, the gas injection valve (10) Start injecting gas.
一种发动机燃气喷射测量方法，当燃气喷出时燃气打在燃气喷射挡板(9)上，燃气喷射挡板(9)接受到燃气的冲击力时把冲击力传递给燃气喷射挡板(9)后面的第二压力传感器(7)，信号经过第二电荷放大器(6)的放大后传送到采集卡(4)进行模数转换。A method for measuring engine gas injection. When the gas is injected, the gas hits the gas injection baffle (9), and when the gas injection baffle (9) receives the impact force of the gas, the impact force is transmitted to the gas injection baffle (9). ) behind the second pressure sensor (7), the signal is sent to the acquisition card (4) after being amplified by the second charge amplifier (6) for analog-to-digital conversion.
一种发动机燃气喷射测量方法，所述的压力传感器支架(8)用来支撑第一压力传感器(7)，压力传感器支架(8)可以折叠，控制高度。A method for measuring engine gas injection, wherein the pressure sensor bracket (8) is used to support the first pressure sensor (7), and the pressure sensor bracket (8) can be folded to control the height.
一种发动机燃气喷射测量方法，所述的稳压容器(11)的燃气压力进过第一压力传感器(7)的检测，经过第一电荷放大器(5)的放大把信号传递到采集卡(4)中进行模数转换。A method for measuring engine gas injection, wherein the gas pressure of the pressure stabilizing container (11) is detected by the first pressure sensor (7), and the signal is transmitted to the acquisition card (4) after being amplified by the first charge amplifier (5). ) for analog-to-digital conversion.
一种发动机燃气喷射测量方法，所述的采集卡(4)转换的数字信号被输送到控制电脑(3)中进行计算，计算出燃气的喷射速率与循环喷气量。A method for measuring engine gas injection, wherein the digital signal converted by the acquisition card (4) is sent to a control computer (3) for calculation, and the gas injection rate and cycle injection volume are calculated.
本发明的有益效果在于：The beneficial effects of the present invention are:
本发明的测量原理为动量法测量燃气的喷射流量与燃气的循环喷气量。基于此原理开发一套可以独立测量燃气喷射规律的实验装置。当控制器给燃气喷射阀发出喷气指令时燃气喷射阀打开，同时喷出燃气，喷出的燃气打在挡板上会对燃气喷射挡板产生一定的冲击力。这个冲击力的大小与燃气喷射发的流量成正相关，因此可以通过位于燃气喷射挡板后面的压力传感器测量出燃气喷射阀的冲击力，经过采集卡的模数转换与控制电脑的计算之后得出燃气的喷射规律与一个循环的喷气量。研究燃气的喷射规律对于提高燃烧效率和对缸内燃烧的控制有很大帮助。The measurement principle of the invention is to measure the injection flow rate of the gas and the circulating injection volume of the gas by the momentum method. Based on this principle, a set of experimental equipment that can independently measure the gas injection law is developed. When the controller sends a gas injection command to the gas injection valve, the gas injection valve opens, and gas is injected at the same time, and the injected gas hits the baffle to generate a certain impact on the gas injection baffle. The magnitude of this impact force is positively correlated with the flow rate of the gas injection valve, so the impact force of the gas injection valve can be measured through the pressure sensor behind the gas injection baffle, and obtained after the analog-to-digital conversion of the acquisition card and the calculation of the control computer. The injection law of gas and the injection volume of a cycle. Studying the injection law of gas is of great help to improve the combustion efficiency and control the combustion in the cylinder.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本发明是动量法测量燃气喷射规律的实验装置。Fig. 1 is that the present invention is the experimental device of momentum method measurement gas injection law.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面结合附图对本发明的实施进行详细阐述。The implementation of the present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
本发明的目的是提供一种燃气喷射规律与喷射量的原理和装置，实验原理为动量法，当燃气冲击燃气喷射挡板是会对燃气喷射挡板产生一定的冲击力，通过测量冲击力的大小来计算出燃气的流量。The purpose of the present invention is to provide a principle and device of gas injection law and injection quantity. The experimental principle is the momentum method. When the gas impacts the gas injection baffle, a certain impact force will be generated on the gas injection baffle. Size to calculate the gas flow.
动量法的实验原理是：在燃气喷射到燃气喷射挡板时会对燃气喷射挡板产生一定的冲击力，流量越大燃气喷射到燃气喷射挡板上的力就越大。在燃气喷射挡板后侧放置压力传感器用来实时监测燃气对燃气喷射挡板力的大小进而计算出燃气的流量既喷气规律，得到喷射速率后对时间进行积分得到一个循环的喷气量。The experimental principle of the momentum method is: when the gas is injected to the gas injection baffle, a certain impact force will be generated on the gas injection baffle, and the greater the flow rate, the greater the force of the gas injection on the gas injection baffle. A pressure sensor is placed on the rear side of the gas injection baffle to monitor the force of the gas on the gas injection baffle in real time, and then calculate the flow rate of the gas, which is the injection law. After the injection rate is obtained, the time is integrated to obtain the injection volume of a cycle.
当燃气喷射到燃气喷射挡板时传感器所受的力的大小为F，由动量法的原理可知：When the gas is injected into the gas injection baffle, the force on the sensor is F, which can be known from the principle of momentum method:
当燃气喷射到燃气喷射挡板时传感器所受的力的大小为F，由动量法的原理可知：When the gas is injected into the gas injection baffle, the force on the sensor is F, which can be known from the principle of momentum method:
F·t＝mvF·t=mv
公式两边同时对时间t进行积分得Integrating both sides of the formula for time t at the same time gives
既now that
由质量守恒定律可知From the law of conservation of mass we know that
结合公式可知Combined with the formula, we can know
其中F为压力传感器接收到燃气喷射挡板所受到的力的大小；t是燃气喷射时间；v是燃气喷射的速率；ρ为燃气的密度；A为传感器挡板的面积大小；K为修正系数。Among them, F is the force received by the pressure sensor on the gas injection baffle; t is the gas injection time; v is the gas injection rate; ρ is the density of the gas; A is the area of the sensor baffle; K is the correction coefficient .
其中影响修正系数K的因素有：燃气分子与燃气喷射挡板的碰撞并不是完全非弹性碰撞，而是一般的非弹性碰撞；燃气喷射阀喷嘴处喷出的燃气与燃气喷射挡板接收到的燃气量不是完全相等的，可能有一部分扩散到空气中造成损失。因此引入修正系数K，来对原始公式的误差进行修正。The factors affecting the correction coefficient K are: the collision between the gas molecules and the gas injection baffle is not a complete inelastic collision, but a general inelastic collision; the gas ejected from the nozzle of the gas injection valve and the gas received by the gas injection baffle The amount of gas is not exactly equal, and some of them may diffuse into the air and cause losses. Therefore, the correction coefficient K is introduced to correct the error of the original formula.
结合图1所示，本发明的燃气喷射装置由燃气瓶1、减压阀2、控制电脑3、采集卡4、第一电荷放大器5、第二电荷放大器6、第一压力传感器7、压力传感器支架8、燃气喷射挡板9、燃气喷射阀10、稳压容器11、第二压力传感器12、控制器13组成；当打开燃气气瓶1时燃气经过气路进入减压阀2，减压阀2把燃气降低到相应的压力，之后可以打开稳压容器11的阀门，随即燃气进入稳压容器11中，达到稳压和积蓄压力的作用，稳压容器11中的燃气可以直接供给燃气喷射阀10的使用，在稳压容器11中设置压力传感器12，检测燃气喷射阀10的喷射压力，调节稳压容器11中的稳压腔中的压力使燃气的喷射压力达到实验所需要的压力之后控制器13发出使燃气喷射阀10喷气的信号，当燃气喷射阀10接到喷气信号后随即开始喷气，喷射出的燃气冲击到燃气喷射挡板9上，使燃气喷射挡板9受到一定的冲击力时，安装在燃气喷射挡板9后面的力传感器7检测到燃气喷射挡板9所受的冲击力的值，信号经过电荷放大器6的放大后传递到采集卡4中进行模数转换，转换后的模拟信号传送到控制电脑3中进行计算，计算出燃气的流量与燃气的喷射时间，把燃气的流量对时间进行积分可得到一个喷气循环所喷得燃气量。Shown in conjunction with Fig. 1, gas injection device of the present invention is made up of gas bottle 1, decompression valve 2, control computer 3, acquisition card 4, first charge amplifier 5, second charge amplifier 6, first pressure sensor 7, pressure sensor Bracket 8, gas injection baffle 9, gas injection valve 10, pressure-stabilizing container 11, second pressure sensor 12, and controller 13; 2. Reduce the gas to the corresponding pressure, and then open the valve of the pressure-stabilizing container 11, and then the gas enters the pressure-stabilizing container 11 to achieve the function of stabilizing and accumulating pressure. The gas in the pressure-stabilizing container 11 can be directly supplied to the gas injection valve 10, a pressure sensor 12 is installed in the pressure-stabilizing container 11 to detect the injection pressure of the gas injection valve 10, and the pressure in the pressure-stabilizing chamber in the pressure-stabilizing container 11 is adjusted so that the injection pressure of the gas reaches the pressure required for the experiment and then controlled The device 13 sends out a signal to make the gas injection valve 10 spray gas. When the gas injection valve 10 receives the gas injection signal, it starts to spray gas immediately, and the injected gas impacts on the gas injection baffle 9, so that the gas injection baffle 9 is subjected to a certain impact force. , the force sensor 7 installed behind the gas injection baffle 9 detects the value of the impact force on the gas injection baffle 9, and the signal is amplified by the charge amplifier 6 and then transmitted to the acquisition card 4 for analog-to-digital conversion. The analog signal is transmitted to the control computer 3 for calculation, the gas flow and gas injection time are calculated, and the gas flow and time are integrated to obtain the gas quantity injected in one injection cycle.
本实验装置可以通过调节燃气喷射阀10的喷气脉宽测量出燃气喷射阀10喷气规律随喷射时间的变化规律，还可以通过调节燃气喷射阀10以及第二压力传感器12所在的密封容器内压力研究背压对燃气喷射的影响。同时在实验时还可以调节气瓶的开度控制喷射压力的大小，研究喷射压力对燃气喷射规律的影响。This experimental device can measure the gas injection valve 10 injection law with the injection time by adjusting the gas injection pulse width of the gas injection valve 10. It can also be studied by adjusting the internal pressure of the gas injection valve 10 and the sealed container where the second pressure sensor 12 is located. Effect of back pressure on gas injection. At the same time, the opening of the gas cylinder can be adjusted to control the injection pressure during the experiment, and the influence of the injection pressure on the gas injection law can be studied.
当燃气冲击在燃气喷射挡板9上时会对燃气喷射挡板9产生力的作用，燃气喷射挡板9后面的压力传感器7接收到力的作用时会产生电流信号传递给采集卡4，通过采集卡4转换成数字信号传递给控制电脑3进行计算进行换算，换算成瞬时喷孔处的流量。When the gas impacts on the gas injection baffle 9, a force will be exerted on the gas injection baffle 9. When the pressure sensor 7 behind the gas injection baffle 9 receives the force, a current signal will be generated and transmitted to the acquisition card 4. The acquisition card 4 converts the digital signal into a digital signal and transmits it to the control computer 3 for calculation and conversion, and converts it into the instantaneous flow rate at the nozzle hole.
当燃气喷射挡板9上接收到的燃气冲击了为3N，燃气喷射挡板9为圆形半径为3cm，可以得知燃气喷射挡板9的受力面积为0.00282m2。燃气温度为25℃，燃气喷气压力为6bar，使用某型燃气喷射阀测试。When the impact of the gas received on the gas injection baffle 9 is 3N, and the gas injection baffle 9 has a circular radius of 3 cm, it can be known that the force bearing area of the gas injection baffle 9 is 0.00282m 2 . The gas temperature is 25°C, the gas injection pressure is 6bar, and a certain type of gas injection valve is used for testing.
由公式计算得知燃气在此时的密度为0.00387kg/m3，K值由经验可知为1.5，可知此时质量流量为8.88g/s。by the formula It is calculated that the density of the gas at this time is 0.00387kg/m 3 , and the K value is 1.5 according to experience. It can be known that the mass flow rate at this time is 8.88g/s.
本发明通过动量法测量燃气的喷射规律。但是实际上喷气的规律十分复杂，在靠近喷孔处燃料直接打在燃气喷射挡板9上对燃气喷射挡板9进行冲击，在相对喷孔较远处燃气的扩散程度较大，燃气不能保证全部打在燃气喷射挡板9上而是扩散到外界，对实验造成较大的干扰，因此需要在实验前对燃气喷射挡板9与喷气孔的相对位置进行讨论，使燃气喷射挡板9与喷孔的距离适当。The invention measures the injection law of the gas through the momentum method. But in fact, the law of gas injection is very complicated. The fuel near the nozzle hole directly hits the gas injection baffle 9 to impact the gas injection baffle 9. The degree of diffusion of gas farther away from the nozzle hole is relatively large, and the gas cannot be guaranteed. All hit on the gas injection baffle 9 but diffuse to the outside, causing greater interference to the experiment, so it is necessary to discuss the relative position of the gas injection baffle 9 and the gas injection hole before the experiment, so that the gas injection baffle 9 and the gas injection hole The nozzle distance is appropriate.
动量法的实验装置动态敏感性较高，压力传感器对燃气的喷射压力较为灵敏并且实验装置相对于其他燃气喷射规律的测量装置简洁。实验时注意调节燃气喷射挡板10与传感器的角度，保证燃气喷射挡板10与喷气的轴线垂直。同时注意调节燃气与燃气喷射挡板10的距离，距离过近会导致燃气的喷射不稳定，燃气气流与燃气喷射挡板10撞击形成十分复杂的湍流状态，燃气气流对燃气喷射挡板10的力不稳定，干扰过大信号杂波过多对滤波难度大大增加，而燃气喷射挡板10与喷嘴的距离过远会导致燃气扩散到空气中过多，不能使燃气全部打在燃气喷射挡板10上造成所测得燃气流量较小，需要在实验时进行调试与标定。The dynamic sensitivity of the experimental device of the momentum method is higher, the pressure sensor is more sensitive to the injection pressure of the gas, and the experimental device is simpler than other measurement devices of the gas injection law. During the experiment, pay attention to adjusting the angle between the gas injection baffle 10 and the sensor to ensure that the gas injection baffle 10 is perpendicular to the axis of the jet. At the same time, pay attention to adjusting the distance between the gas and the gas injection baffle 10. If the distance is too close, the injection of the gas will be unstable. Unstable, too much interference, too much signal clutter greatly increases the difficulty of filtering, and the distance between the gas injection baffle 10 and the nozzle is too far, which will cause too much gas to diffuse into the air, and it is impossible to make all the gas hit the gas injection baffle 10 As a result, the measured gas flow rate is small, and it is necessary to debug and calibrate during the experiment.
以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例而已，并不用于限制本发明，对于本领域的技术人员来说，本发明可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。The above descriptions are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention. For those skilled in the art, the present invention may have various modifications and changes. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention shall be included within the protection scope of the present invention.
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