CN108359842A - A kind of polynary cast copper alloy of impeller high-performance and its manufacturing method and application - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a high-performance multi-element cast copper alloy for an impeller and its manufacturing method and application, which can effectively solve the problem of excellent mechanical properties and a high-performance multi-element cast copper alloy for an impeller to meet the requirements of an actual impeller. The method is that the cast copper alloy The mass percentage of chemical composition is: Zn: 12.0-20.0%; Si: 2.0-6.0%; Fe: 1.0-8.5%; Cr: 0.5-3.2%, Zr: 0.02-0.08%, Mg: 0.1-1.3%, Ti: 0.1～3.8%, V: 0.1～1.4%, Sc: 0.02～0.42%, La: 0.01～0.25%, Be: 0.01～0.09%, Ni: 0.05～1.0%, Al: 0.1～0.65%, Mn: 0.02 ～1.3%, Re: 0.11～0.25%, and the balance is Cu. The composition of the alloy of the present invention is scientific and reasonable, the raw materials are abundant, the preparation method is simple, easy to produce, and can effectively solve the production of high-performance impellers. It can be applied to conventional gravity casting, differential pressure Casting, centrifugal casting and other processing techniques have low cost, good performance, significant production and processing advantages, easy promotion and application, and significant economic and social benefits.

Description

A kind of high-performance multi-component cast copper alloy for impeller and its manufacturing method and application

technical field

The invention relates to an alloy, in particular to a high-performance multi-element cast copper alloy for an impeller, a manufacturing method and application thereof.

Background technique

At present, most of the commonly used manufacturing materials for ship pump bodies, impellers, valves and other parts are cast tin bronze, cast brass, cast tin-lead bronze, etc. These alloys show a paste-like solidification characteristic when solidified, and their crystallization temperature range is as high as tens of Even hundreds of degrees Celsius, the solidified structure of the obtained casting has coarse grains, serious element segregation, many casting defects, and the mechanical properties of the material are low (the tensile strength is generally lower than 300MPa). The marine pump body produced by it Parts such as impellers, valves, etc. are prone to problems such as short service life of parts, or even defective products.

With the rapid development of science and technology and the marine industry, there are higher material performance requirements for marine pump body, impeller, and valve materials. Therefore, it is urgent to provide a copper alloy material with higher mechanical properties and longer service life to meet the requirements. actual production application needs.

Contents of the invention

In view of the above situation, in order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a high-performance multi-component casting copper alloy for impellers and its manufacturing method and application, which can effectively solve the problem of excellent mechanical properties and high-performance multi-component casting copper alloys for impellers. , to meet the requirements of the actual impeller needs.

The technical solution solved by the present invention is a high-performance multi-component casting copper alloy for impellers and its manufacturing method and application. The chemical composition mass percentage of the casting copper alloy is: Zn: 12.0-20.0%; Si: 2.0-6.0%; Fe: 1.0～8.5%; Cr: 0.5～3.2%, Zr: 0.02～0.08%, Mg: 0.1～1.3%, Ti: 0.1～3.8%, V: 0.1～1.4%, Sc: 0.02～0.42%, La : 0.01～0.25%, Be: 0.01～0.09%, Ni: 0.05～1.0%, Al: 0.1～0.65%, Mn: 0.02～1.3%, Re: 0.11～0.25%, the balance is Cu, the chemical composition of each element The sum of the mass percentages is 100% (the same below);

Its preparation method comprises the following steps:

(1) Melting and casting:

Put the copper block into the vacuum induction melting furnace and heat it up. After the copper block is fully melted, according to the chemical composition ratio of the alloy, use the secondary feeder to add the various components of the alloy, and quickly heat up and overheat, so that the components of the alloy are evenly melted together. , lower the temperature to 1150-1220°C, keep it warm for 15-30 minutes, and cast it into shape. During the whole casting process, the casting mold is continuously strengthened by external magnetic field, so that the melt is solidified under the condition of strong magnetic field, and the impeller casting is obtained;

(2) Heat treatment:

The poured impeller casting is heat treated by:

A. First heat the impeller casting at 620-870°C for 2-4 hours, perform water quenching treatment, take out the impeller casting, and cool to room temperature;

B. Perform three-stage aging treatment on the impeller castings after water quenching and cooling: put the impeller castings into a vacuum resistance furnace, perform primary aging treatment at 160-180°C for 0.5-2.5h for the first time, and then at 410-480 1.5-8.5h secondary aging treatment at ℃, and then 0.5-10h tertiary aging treatment at 220-380℃.

The produced high-performance multi-element cast copper alloy for the impeller can be effectively used to produce the high-performance impeller, realizing the application of the high-performance multi-element cast copper alloy for the impeller in the preparation of the high-performance impeller.

The alloy composition of the invention is scientific and reasonable, the raw materials are abundant, the preparation method is simple, easy to produce, and effectively solves the production of high-performance impellers. The multi-component cast copper alloy of the invention can be applied to conventional gravity casting, differential pressure casting, centrifugal casting and other processing techniques. The invention material The alloy formula is simple and feasible, the cost is low, the performance is good, it has obvious production and processing advantages, it is easy to popularize and apply, and the economic and social benefits are remarkable.

Detailed ways

The specific implementation of the present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with the examples.

The present invention can be provided by the following examples in concrete implementation.

Example 1

In the specific implementation of the present invention, the mass percentage of the chemical composition of the alloy is: Zn: 13.5-18.5%; Si: 3.0-5.0%; Fe: 2.0-4.5%; Cr: 0.8-3.0%, Zr: 0.04-0.06% , Mg: 0.2～1.0%, Ti: 0.2～3.6%, V: 0.2～1.0%, Sc: 0.03～0.38%, La: 0.04～0.20%, Be: 0.02～0.08%, Ni: 0.15～0.85%, Al: 0.2～0.45%, Mn: 0.03～1.2%, Re: 0.13～0.20%, the balance is Cu;

Its preparation method comprises the following steps:

(1) Melting and casting:

Put the copper block into the vacuum induction melting furnace and heat it up. After the copper block is fully melted, according to the chemical composition ratio of the alloy, use the secondary feeder to add the various components of the alloy, and quickly heat up and overheat, so that the components of the alloy are evenly melted together. , lower the temperature to 1150-1220°C, keep it warm for 15-30 minutes, and cast it into shape. During the whole casting process, the casting mold is continuously strengthened by external magnetic field, so that the melt is solidified under the condition of strong magnetic field, and the impeller casting is obtained;

(2) Heat treatment:

The poured impeller casting is heat treated by:

A. First heat the impeller casting at 620-870°C for 2-4 hours, perform water quenching treatment, take out the impeller casting, and cool to room temperature;

B. Perform three-stage aging treatment on the impeller castings after water quenching and cooling: put the impeller castings into a vacuum resistance furnace, perform primary aging treatment at 160-180°C for 0.5-2.5h for the first time, and then at 410-480 1.5-8.5h secondary aging treatment at ℃, and then 0.5-10h tertiary aging treatment at 220-380℃.

Example 2

In the specific implementation of the present invention, the mass percentage of the chemical composition of the alloy is: Zn: 15.0-17.0%; Si: 3.5-4.5%; Fe: 3.0-4.0%; Cr: 1.0-2.5%, Zr: 0.05-0.06% , Mg: 0.4～0.8%, Ti: 1.5～2.5%, V: 0.3～0.8%, Sc: 0.1～0.3%, La: 0.08～0.18%, Be: 0.04～0.07%, Ni: 0.2～0.6%, Al: 0.25-0.35%, Mn: 0.08-1.0%, Re: 0.15-0.18%, and the balance is Cu. The preparation method is the same as in Example 1.

Example 3

In the specific implementation of the present invention, the chemical composition mass percentage of the alloy is Zn: 14.6%; Si: 3.55%; Fe: 2.38%; Cr: 1.55%, Zr: 0.05%, Mg: 0.93%, Ti: 1.26%, V: 0.88%, Sc: 0.36%, La: 0.06%, Be: 0.05%, Ni: 0.74%, Al: 0.33%, Mn: 0.47%, Re: 0.17%, and the balance is Cu. The preparation method is the same as the example 1.

Example 4

In the specific implementation of the present invention, the chemical composition mass percentage of the alloy is: Zn: 15.5%; Si: 3.30%; Fe: 2.25%; Cr: 1.45%, Zr: 0.07%, Mg: 0.85%, Ti: 1.20% , V: 0.75%, Sc: 0.41%, La: 0.12%, Be: 0.07%, Ni: 0.82%, Al: 0.40%, Mn: 0.86%, Re: 0.18%, the balance is Cu, the preparation method is the same as the implementation example 1.

Example 5

In the specific implementation of the present invention, the chemical composition mass percentage of the alloy is: Zn: 15.5%; Si: 3.30%; Fe: 2.25%; Cr: 1.45%, Zr: 0.07%, Mg: 0.85%, Ti: 1.20% , V: 0.75%, Sc: 0.41%, La: 0.12%, Be: 0.07%, Ni: 0.82%, Al: 0.40%, Mn: 0.86%, Re: 0.25%, the balance is Cu, the preparation method is the same as the implementation example 1.

Example 6

In the specific implementation of the present invention, the mass percentage of the chemical composition of the alloy is: Zn: 15.5%; Si: 4.2%; Fe: 3.5%; Cr: 1.75%, Zr: 0.055%, Mg: 0.65%, Ti: 2.0% , V: 0.55%, Sc: 0.2%, La: 0.13%, Be: 0.03%, Ni: 0.4%, Al: 0.3%, Mn: 0.54%, Re: 0.17%, the balance is Cu, the preparation method is the same as the implementation example 1.

The high-performance multi-component cast copper alloys for impellers prepared in Examples 1-6 above can be effectively used to produce high-performance impellers, realizing the application of high-performance multi-component cast copper alloys for impellers in the preparation of high-performance impellers.

The high-performance multi-component casting copper alloy for the impeller provided by the present invention is continuously applied with an externally strengthened magnetic field during the solidification process of the metal melt, and the alloy melt solidifies and grows under the condition of an external magnetic field, and the obtained alloy material has a fine structure, no defects, and high hardness. , good plasticity, suitable for the production of impellers, pump bodies, valves and other parts.

The high-performance multi-element cast copper alloy for impellers provided by the present invention contains a variety of trace alloying elements. By strictly controlling the content ratio of trace elements, the best coordination between the elements is achieved. The mechanical properties of the multi-element cast copper alloy The improved performance is of great benefit, with a tensile strength of up to 745MPa. Fe, V, Ti, Cr, Zr and other elements can refine the material structure and strengthen the material matrix. Sr, Re, La, Mg and other elements can purify the metal melt, eliminate impurities, and stabilize the structure. After the casting passes the heat treatment process, it fully meets the actual needs. The produced impeller has good mechanical properties, compact structure, no casting defects and long service life.

The multi-component cast copper alloy provided by the invention can be applied to conventional gravity casting, differential pressure casting, centrifugal casting and other processing techniques. The invented material alloy formula is simple and feasible, low in cost, good in performance, and has obvious advantages in production and processing.

And through field experiments and applications, very good beneficial technical effects have been achieved. The relevant information is as follows:

Experiment 1

High-performance multi-component cast copper alloy materials for impellers, including the following chemical components: Zn: 14.6%; Si: 3.55%; Fe: 2.38%; Cr: 1.55%, Zr: 0.05%, Mg: 0.93%, Ti: 1.26% , V: 0.88%, Sc: 0.36%, La: 0.16%, Be: 0.05%, Ni: 0.74%, Al: 0.33%, Mn: 0.47%, Re: 0.17%, the balance is Cu, the chemical composition of each element The sum of the mass percentages adds up to 100%.

Put the copper block into the vacuum induction melting furnace and heat it up. After the copper block is fully melted, according to the alloy chemical composition formula, use the secondary feeding mechanism to add various alloy elements (the alloy elements are all added in the form of intermediate alloys), and quickly heat up and overheat. After the alloy melt is homogenized, the temperature is lowered to 1160 ° C, and the temperature is kept for 20 minutes to fully homogenize it before casting. During the whole casting process, the casting mold is continuously strengthened by external magnetic field, and the melt is solidified under the condition of strong magnetic field to obtain the impeller casting.

The casting impeller is subjected to heat treatment, which is characterized in that it includes the following process steps:

1. Heat the as-cast impeller at 815°C for 2.4 hours, perform water quenching treatment, take out the impeller casting, and air-cool.

2. Perform three-stage aging treatment on impeller castings after water quenching and solid solution: put the as-cast impeller into a vacuum resistance furnace, first perform primary aging treatment at 165°C for 1.5h, and then perform secondary aging treatment at 450°C for 2.5h For aging treatment, after the second-level aging treatment and heat preservation are completed, the third-level aging treatment is carried out at 230°C and heat preservation for 8.5h.

Sampling was performed on the impeller body for performance testing, and the mechanical properties are shown in Table 1.

Table 1 Mechanical properties of high-performance multi-component cast copper alloy impeller at room temperature in Experiment 1

alloy composition tensile strength Elongation Experiment 1 745 25.4

Experiment 2

High-performance multi-component cast copper alloy material, including the following chemical components: Zn: 15.5%; Si: 3.30%; Fe: 2.25%; Cr: 1.45%, Zr: 0.07%, Mg: 0.85%, Ti: 1.20%, V : 0.75%, Sc: 0.41%, La: 0.12%, Be: 0.07%, Ni: 0.82%, Al: 0.40%, Mn: 0.86%, Re: 0.18%, the balance is Cu, the mass percentage of the chemical composition of each element The sum totals 100%.

Put the copper block into the vacuum induction melting furnace and heat it up. After the copper block is fully melted, according to the alloy chemical composition formula, use the secondary feeding mechanism to add various alloy elements (the alloy elements are all added in the form of intermediate alloys), and quickly heat up and overheat. After the alloy melt is homogenized, the temperature is lowered to 1180°C, and the temperature is kept for 15 minutes until it is fully homogenized and then cast. During the entire casting process, the casting mold is continuously strengthened by external magnetic field, and the metal melt is solidified under the magnetic field condition to obtain the impeller casting.

The cast impeller is heat treated, including the following process steps:

1. The as-cast impeller is kept at 785°C for 3.5 hours, then water quenched, and the impeller casting is taken out and cooled in air.

2. Perform three-stage aging treatment on impeller castings after water quenching and solid solution: put the as-cast impeller into a vacuum resistance furnace, first perform primary aging treatment at 165°C for 1.5h, and then perform secondary aging treatment at 460°C for 2.3h For aging treatment, after the second-level aging treatment and heat preservation are completed, the third-level aging treatment is carried out at 230°C for 9 hours.

Sampling was performed on the impeller body for performance testing, and the mechanical properties are shown in Table 2.

Table 2 Mechanical properties of high-performance multi-component cast copper alloy impeller in experiment 2 at room temperature

alloy composition tensile strength Elongation Experiment 2 690 22.6

Experiment 3

High-performance multi-component cast copper alloy material, including the following chemical components: Zn: 15.5%; Si: 3.30%; Fe: 2.25%; Cr: 1.45%, Zr: 0.07%, Mg: 0.85%, Ti: 1.20%, V : 0.75%, Sc: 0.41%, La: 0.12%, Be: 0.07%, Ni: 0.82%, Al: 0.40%, Mn: 0.86%, Re: 0.25%, the balance is Cu, the mass percentage of the chemical composition of each element The sum totals 100%.

Put the copper block into the vacuum induction melting furnace and heat it up. After the copper block is fully melted, according to the alloy chemical composition formula, use the secondary feeding mechanism to add various alloy elements (the alloy elements are all added in the form of intermediate alloys), and quickly heat up and overheat. After the alloy melt is homogenized, the temperature is lowered to 1170°C, and the temperature is kept for 20 minutes until it is fully homogenized and then cast. During the entire casting process, the casting mold is continuously strengthened by external magnetic field, and the metal melt is solidified under the magnetic field condition to obtain the impeller casting.

The casting impeller is subjected to heat treatment, which is characterized in that it includes the following process steps:

1. Heat the as-cast impeller at 870°C for 2.0 hours, perform water quenching treatment, take out the impeller casting, and air-cool.

2. Perform three-stage aging treatment on impeller castings after water quenching and solid solution: put the as-cast impeller into a vacuum resistance furnace, first perform primary aging treatment at 160°C for 2.5h, and then perform secondary aging treatment at 480°C for 2.0h For aging treatment, after the second-level aging treatment and heat preservation are completed, the third-level aging treatment is carried out at 400°C and heat preservation for 4.5h.

Sampling was performed on the impeller body for performance testing, and the mechanical properties are shown in Table 3.

Table 3 Mechanical properties of high-performance multi-component cast copper alloy impeller in experiment 3 at room temperature

alloy composition tensile strength Elongation Experiment 3 670 23.2

The same experiment was also carried out on alloys with different amounts of other components, and the same or similar results were obtained, which are not listed here. The experiments show that the high-performance multi-component cast copper alloy impeller of the present invention has a dense as-cast structure and no casting. Defects, the prepared high-performance multi-component cast copper alloy impeller has excellent mechanical properties, the highest tensile strength can reach 745MPa, high hardness, good wear resistance and corrosion resistance, and the service life of the impeller has increased by 2 to 3 times. The multi-component casting copper alloy for impeller provided by the invention has reasonable chemical composition formula, stable and reliable process method, good use effect and wide application, is an innovation for the production of ship impeller parts, and has remarkable economic and social benefits.

Claims (9)

1. A high-performance multi-component cast copper alloy for impellers, characterized in that: the chemical composition mass percentage of the alloy is: Zn: 12.0-20.0%; Si: 2.0-6.0%; Fe: 1.0-8.5%; Cr: 0.5- 3.2%, Zr: 0.02-0.08%, Mg: 0.1-1.3%, Ti: 0.1-3.8%, V: 0.1-1.4%, Sc: 0.02-0.42%, La: 0.01-0.25%, Be: 0.01-0.09 %, Ni: 0.05-1.0%, Al: 0.1-0.65%, Mn: 0.02-1.3%, Re: 0.11-0.25%, and the balance is Cu. 2. The high-performance multi-component cast copper alloy for impellers according to claim 1, characterized in that: the chemical composition mass percentage of the alloy is: Zn: 13.5-18.5%; Si: 3.0-5.0%; Fe: 2.0-4.5% ; Cr: 0.8～3.0%, Zr: 0.04～0.06%, Mg: 0.2～1.0%, Ti: 0.2～3.6%, V: 0.2～1.0%, Sc: 0.03～0.38%, La: 0.04～0.20%, Be: 0.02-0.08%, Ni: 0.15-0.85%, Al: 0.2-0.45%, Mn: 0.03-1.2%, Re: 0.13-0.20%, and the balance is Cu. 3. The high-performance multi-component cast copper alloy for impellers according to claim 1, characterized in that: the chemical composition mass percentage of the alloy is: Zn: 15.0-17.0%; Si: 3.5-4.5%; Fe: 3.0-4.0% ; Cr: 1.0～2.5%, Zr: 0.05～0.06%, Mg: 0.4～0.8%, Ti: 1.5～2.5%, V: 0.3～0.8%, Sc: 0.1～0.3%, La: 0.08～0.18%, Be: 0.04-0.07%, Ni: 0.2-0.6%, Al: 0.25-0.35%, Mn: 0.08-1.0%, Re: 0.15-0.18%, and the balance is Cu. 4. The high-performance multi-component cast copper alloy for impeller according to claim 1, characterized in that: the chemical composition mass percentage of the alloy is Zn: 14.6%; Si: 3.55%; Fe: 2.38%; Cr: 1.55%, Zr : 0.05%, Mg: 0.93%, Ti: 1.26%, V: 0.88%, Sc: 0.36%, La: 0.06%, Be: 0.05%, Ni: 0.74%, Al: 0.33%, Mn: 0.47%, Re : 0.17%, the balance is Cu. 5. The high-performance multi-component cast copper alloy for impeller according to claim 1, characterized in that: the chemical composition mass percentage of the alloy is: Zn: 15.5%; Si: 3.30%; Fe: 2.25%; Cr: 1.45%, Zr: 0.07%, Mg: 0.85%, Ti: 1.20%, V: 0.75%, Sc: 0.41%, La: 0.12%, Be: 0.07%, Ni: 0.82%, Al: 0.40%, Mn: 0.86%, Re: 0.18%, and the balance is Cu. 6. The high-performance multi-component cast copper alloy for impeller according to claim 1, characterized in that: the chemical composition mass percentage of the alloy is: Zn: 15.5%; Si: 3.30%; Fe: 2.25%; Cr: 1.45%, Zr: 0.07%, Mg: 0.85%, Ti: 1.20%, V: 0.75%, Sc: 0.41%, La: 0.12%, Be: 0.07%, Ni: 0.82%, Al: 0.40%, Mn: 0.86%, Re: 0.25%, and the balance is Cu. 7. The high-performance multi-component cast copper alloy for impeller according to claim 1, characterized in that: the chemical composition mass percentage of the alloy is: Zn: 15.5%; Si: 4.2%; Fe: 3.5%; Cr: 1.75%, Zr: 0.055%, Mg: 0.65%, Ti: 2.0%, V: 0.55%, Sc: 0.2%, La: 0.13%, Be: 0.03%, Ni: 0.4%, Al: 0.3%, Mn: 0.54%, Re: 0.17%, and the balance is Cu. 8. The manufacturing method of the high-performance multi-element cast copper alloy for impeller according to any one of claim 1 or 2-7, characterized in that, comprising the following steps: (1) Melting and casting: Put the copper block into the vacuum induction melting furnace and heat it up. After the copper block is fully melted, according to the chemical composition ratio of the alloy, use the secondary feeder to add the various components of the alloy, and quickly heat up and overheat, so that the components of the alloy are evenly melted together. , lower the temperature to 1150-1220°C, keep it warm for 15-30 minutes, and cast it into shape. During the whole casting process, the casting mold is continuously strengthened by external magnetic field, so that the melt is solidified under the condition of strong magnetic field, and the impeller casting is obtained; (2) Heat treatment: The poured impeller casting is heat treated by: A. First heat the impeller casting at 620-870°C for 2-4 hours, perform water quenching treatment, take out the impeller casting, and cool to room temperature; B. Perform three-stage aging treatment on the impeller castings after water quenching and cooling: put the impeller castings into a vacuum resistance furnace, perform primary aging treatment at 160-180°C for 0.5-2.5h for the first time, and then at 410-480 1.5-8.5h secondary aging treatment at ℃, and then 0.5-10h tertiary aging treatment at 220-380℃. 9. The application of the high-performance multi-component cast copper alloy for the impeller according to any one of claims 1 or 2-7 in the preparation of high-performance impellers.